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Parra-Lara LG, Falla-Martínez JC, Isaza-Pierotti DF, Mendoza-Urbano DM, Tangua-Arias AR, Bravo JC, Bravo LE, Zambrano ÁR. Gastric adenocarcinoma burden, trends and survival in Cali, Colombia: A retrospective cohort study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1069369. [PMID: 36959805 PMCID: PMC10028196 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1069369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) has changed in recent decades. Cancer estimates are often calculated from population-based cancer registries, which lack valuable information to guide decision-making (clinical outcomes). We describe the trends in clinical practice for GA using a hospital-based cancer registry over a timespan of 15 years. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Data were gathered from adults diagnosed and treated for GA at Fundación Valle del Lili (FVL), between 2000 and 2014, from the hospital's own cancer registry and crossed with Cali's Cancer Registry. Additional data were obtained directly from clinical records, pathology reports and the clinical laboratory. Patients younger than 18 years and those for whom limited information was available in the medical history were excluded. A survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method. Results A total of 500 patients met eligibility criteria. Median age was 64 years (IQR: 54-74 years), 39.8% were female, 22.2% were at an early stage, 32.2% had a locally advanced disease, and 29% a metastatic disease, 69% had intestinal subtype, 48.6% had a positive H. pylori test, 85.2% had a distal lesion, 62% underwent gastrectomy, 60.6% lymphadenectomy, and 40.6% received chemotherapy. Survival at 5 years for all cases was 39.9% (CI 95% 35.3-44.5). Survival decreased over time in all groups and was lower in age-groups <39 and 60-79 with either locally advanced or metastatic disease. Prognostic factors that were significant in the Cox proportional-hazards model were late stages of the tumor (locally advanced: HR=2.52; metastatic: HR=4.17), diffuse subtype (HR=1.40), gastrectomy (subtotal: HR=0.42; total: 0.44) and palliative chemotherapy (HR=0.61). Conclusions The treatment of GA has changed in recent decades. GA survival was associated with clinical staging, diffuse subtype, gastrectomy and palliative chemotherapy. These findings must be interpreted in the context of a hospital-based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gabriel Parra-Lara
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luis Eduardo Bravo
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ángela R. Zambrano
- Servicio de Hemato-Oncología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Ángela R. Zambrano,
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Yan Y, Li H, Wu S, Wang G, Luo H, Niu J, Cao L, Hu X, Xu H, Jia W, Sun Y, Yao Y, Chen W, Ke L, Hu B, Ji C, Sun Y, Chen J, Li M, He Y. Efficacy and safety of intermittent versus continuous dose apatinib plus docetaxel as second-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:205. [PMID: 35280426 PMCID: PMC8908117 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies of the second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJAC) had reported that apatinib combined with chemotherapy improved the treatment outcomes. However, the benefits were sometimes limited due to the tolerance of continuous dose regimen. This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of intermittent or continuous dose apatinib plus docetaxel as a second-line therapy in patients with advanced GC/GEJAC. Methods Advanced GC/GEJAC patients who failed first-line chemotherapy were recruited (enrollment time: from September 15, 2017 to July 21, 2019), and randomly assigned to either the intermittent dose group (IG group) or the continuous dose group (CG group) (1:1 ratio) using the block randomization method. In the IG group, patients received apatinib 500 mg/d for 5 consecutive days then held for 2 days plus docetaxel 60 mg/m2 q3w, in a 3-week cycle. In the CG group, patients received apatinib 500 mg daily plus docetaxel 60 mg/m2 q3w, in a 3-week cycle. The progression free survival (PFS) was evaluated every two cycles and follow-ups were performed monthly. The primary endpoint was PFS, and the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results In total, 76 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1 ratio). The IG group exhibited similar PFS compared to the CG group [median PFS: 3.88 (95% CI: 1.72–6.03) months vs. 3.98 (95% CI: 1.06–6.90) months, P=0.546] and OS [median OS: 9.00 (95% CI: 5.31–12.70) months vs. 9.40 (95% CI: 5.20–13.59) months, P=0.310]. ORR (21.1% vs. 18.4%, P=0.773) and DCR (60.5% vs. 60.5%, P=1.000) were of not statistically different between the IG and CG groups. As for safety, the IG group exhibited less frequent hypoproteinemia (31.6% vs. 55.3%, P=0.037) and lactate dehydrogenase increased (18.4% vs. 44.7%, P=0.014), while no differences in other adverse events were observed between the two groups. Conclusions Intermittent dose apatinib plus docetaxel was equally effective and more tolerable than continuous dose apatinib plus docetaxel as a second-line therapy in patients with advanced GC/GEJAC. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03334591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shusheng Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huiqin Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiayu Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huijun Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yubei Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yiwei Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenju Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lihong Ke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chushu Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yancai Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengge Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yifu He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Lengyel CG, Hussain S, Seeber A, Jamil Nidhamalddin S, Trapani D, Habeeb BS, Elfaham E, Mazher SA, Seid F, Khan SZ, El Bairi K, Odhiambo A, Altuna SC, Petrillo A. FGFR Pathway Inhibition in Gastric Cancer: The Golden Era of an Old Target? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 35054474 PMCID: PMC8778800 DOI: 10.3390/life12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced/metastatic stage of disease due to a lack of specific symptoms and lack of screening programs, especially in Western countries. Thus, despite the improvement in GC therapeutic opportunities, the survival is disappointing, and the definition of the optimal treatment is still an unmet need. Novel diagnostic techniques were developed in clinical trials in order to characterize the genetic profile of GCs and new potential molecular pathways, such as the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) pathway, were identified in order to improve patient's survival by using target therapies. The aim of this review is to summarize the role and the impact of FGFR signaling in GC and to provide an overview regarding the potential effectiveness of anti-FGFR agents in GC treatment in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor G. Lengyel
- Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sadaqat Hussain
- Oncology Department, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK;
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | | | - Baker S. Habeeb
- Medical Oncology, Shaqlawa Teaching Hospital, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Essam Elfaham
- Department of Hematoncology, Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait;
| | - Syed Ayub Mazher
- Division of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Clements University Hospital, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Fahmi Seid
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa 1560, Ethiopia;
| | - Shah Z. Khan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, BINOR Cancer Hospital, Bannu 28000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Andrew Odhiambo
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00202, Kenya;
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CircRNAs as Potential Blood Biomarkers and Key Elements in Regulatory Networks in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020650. [PMID: 35054834 PMCID: PMC8776217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. It is a disease that encompasses a variety of molecular alterations, including in non-coding RNAs such as circular RNAs (circRNAs). In the present study, we investigated hsa_circ_0000211, hsa_circ_0000284, hsa_circ_0000524, hsa_circ_0001136 and hsa_circ_0004771 expression profiles using RT-qPCR in 71 gastric tissue samples from GC patients (tumor and tumor-adjacent samples) and volunteers without cancer. In order to investigate the suitability of circRNAs as minimally invasive biomarkers, we also evaluated their expression profile through RT-qPCR in peripheral blood samples from patients with and without GC (n = 41). We also investigated the predicted interactions between circRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-RBP using the KEGG and Reactome databases. Overall, our results showed that hsa_circ_0000211, hsa_circ_0000284 and hsa_circ_0004771 presented equivalent expression profiles when analyzed by different methods (RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR) and different types of samples (tissue and blood). Further, functional enrichment results identified important signaling pathways related to GC. Thus, our data support the consideration of circRNAs as new, minimally invasive biomarkers capable of aiding in the diagnosis of GC and with great potential to be applied in clinical practice.
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Hu K, Yu W, Ajayi OE, Li L, Huang Z, Rong Q, Wang S, Wu QF. Integrated analysis of whole genome and transcriptome sequencing in a young patient with gastric cancer provides insights for precision therapy. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:115. [PMID: 32863928 PMCID: PMC7448559 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide and is considered to be an age-related disease. In younger patients, gastric cancer is biologically more aggressive, and prognosis is worse compared with that in elderly patients. In the present case report, the whole genome and transcriptome was sequenced in a 26-year-old patient with gastric cancer who presented with gastric cancer-related symptoms and was admitted to the First Affiliated Anhui Medical Hospital (Hefei, China) in December 2016. In total, 9 germline and 4 somatic mutations were identified in the patient, and there were more deleterious sites in the germline mutated genes. Genes with somatic mutations, such as MUC2, MUC4, SLC8A2, and with structural variations, including CCND3, FGFR2 and FGFR3, were found to be differentially expressed. Cancer-associated pathways, such as the 'calcium signaling pathway', 'cGMP-PKG signaling pathway' and 'transcriptional mis-regulation' were also enriched at both the genomic and transcriptomic levels. The genes found to have germline (SFRP4), somatic (MUC2, MUC4, SLC8A2) mutations, or structural variations (CCND3, FGFR2 and FGFR3) were differentially expressed in the patient and could be promising precision therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongwang Hu
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Olugbenga Emmanuel Ajayi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Li
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Huang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Qiqi Rong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shuaili Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Fa Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
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6
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Peng W, Zhang F, Wang Z, Li D, He Y, Ning Z, Sheng L, Wang J, Xia X, Yu C, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Liang H, Hu B, Sun C, Wang D, Cheng Y, Pan M, Xia L, Guo X, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Li X, Lu L, Zhang J, Qian H, Xie H, Sun G. Large Scale, Multicenter, Prospective Study of Apatinib in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Real-World Study from China. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6977-6985. [PMID: 32821164 PMCID: PMC7418160 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s249153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, gastric cancer (GC) ranks second in incidence and mortality. Over 80% of patients with GC were diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor clinical outcome. Chemotherapy was the mainstream treatment with limited benefit. Apatinib, an inhibitor of targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), has been approved for third-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, the data of apatinib treatment in the real-world setting are limited. In this real-world study, we aimed to understand the current treatment pattern of apatinib, investigate the effectiveness and safety of apatinib in real-world settings, and explore the potential factors associated with the clinical outcomes. Methods This was a prospective, multicenter observational study in a real-world setting. Patients aged ≥18 years with histologic diagnosis of advanced GC were eligible for enrollment. The eligible patients received either apatinib monotherapy or apatinib plus chemotherapy by physician’s discretion. Apatinib treatment could be used as first-line, second-line, or third-line and above therapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), ORR, DCR, and safety profile. Results A total of 737 patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with apatinib were included in the FAS population. A total of 54.9% patients used apatinib monotherapy and 45.1% patients used apatinib combination therapy. A total of 44.1% patients received apatinib in first-line treatment, 28.2% in second-line, and 27.7% in third-line and above. In first-line treatment, the objective response rate (ORR) was 9.09% and 16.42% in apatinib monotherapy and combination therapy groups, and disease control rate (DCR) was 78.41% and 89.29%, respectively. Patients who received combination therapy achieved significantly longer median progression-free survival (mPFS; 6.18 vs 3.52 months, p<0.01) and median overall survival (mOS; 8.72 vs 5.92 months, p<0.01) compared with monotherapy. In second-line and third-line therapy, combination therapy showed a better trend in tumor response and survival outcomes compared with monotherapy. For all patients, apatinib combined with paclitaxel were associated with longer mPFS compared with other combinations (8.88 vs 6.62 months). Multivariate analysis showed that combination with paclitaxel (p=0.02) and experience of apatinib-related specific AEs (p<0.01) were independent predictors for PFS and OS. The safety profile was tolerable and no unexpected adverse events were reported. Conclusion In a real-world setting, apatinib showed a favorable effectiveness and safety profile in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Apatinib combination therapy, especially combined with paclitaxel, might lead to better survival benefit in first-line treatment. Combination with paclitaxel and the occurrence of apatinib-specific AEs were independent factors associated with better survival outcomes. Trial Registration NCT03333967.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanren Peng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Maanshan City, Maanshan, Anhui 243000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Lu'an City, Lu'an, Anhui 237005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifu He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital), Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongliang Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital), Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of WanNan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 340202, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Navy Anqing Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Xia
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou City, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Lu'an City, Lu'an, Anhui 237005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Oncology, Lu'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lu'an, Anhui 237006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiling Sun
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Fuyang City, Fuyang, Anhui 236047, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoqin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsheng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pan
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chizhou City, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Xia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglai Guo
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Cancer Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui 236033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Huainan First People's Hospital, Huainan, Anhui 232000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Oncology, Huaibei Miners General Hospital, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhong Li
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Huaibei, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The 901 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China, Hefei, Anhui 230033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Oncology, The Navy Anqing Hospital, Anqing, Anhui 246003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Xuancheng City, Xuancheng, Anhui 242000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
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7
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Roviello G, Petrioli R, Rosellini P, Multari AG, Conca R, Paganini G, Chiriacò G, Aieta M. The influence of prior ramucirumab treatment on the clinical activity of FOLFIRI as third-line therapy in patients with metastatic gastric Cancer. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:524-530. [PMID: 30687871 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Few data described the activity of chemotherapy after ramucirumab plus paclitaxel progression in metastatic gastric cancer patients. The aim of this phase II study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the FOLFIRI regimen as a third-line of treatment. Methods The study enrolled patients with histologically proven metastatic gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma whose disease had progressed after ramucirumab-based second line of treatment. Treatment consisted of biweekly irinotecan 150 mg/m2 as a 1-h infusion on day 1, folinic acid 100 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1-2, and 5-fluorouracil as a 400 mg/m2 bolus and then 600 mg/m2 continuous infusion over 22 h on days 1-2. Primary end-point was tumor response rate (confirmed complete and partial response). Results Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Overall response rate and disease control rate were 11.5% and 38.5%. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 52 days (95% CI:42-74), and the median overall survival was 117 days (95% CI: 94-154). no unexpected adverse events have been observed. A longer PFS and OS were observed in patients who had achieved PFS ≥ 3 months during prior ramucirumab treatment. Conclusions Our findings suggest a poor efficacy of the FOLFIRI regimen in metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer patients whose disease progressed during a ramucirumab-based second line of treatment. However, FOLFIRI could be an option for patients who responded to prior ramucirumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, via Padre Pio 1, 85028, Rionero, Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Roberto Petrioli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci - Policlinico ″Le Scotte″, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Rosellini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci - Policlinico ″Le Scotte″, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Conca
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, via Padre Pio 1, 85028, Rionero, Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Giovanni Paganini
- Unit of General Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera ″C. Poma ″ Presidio ospedaliero di Pieve di Coriano, ASST Mantova, Mantova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Chiriacò
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, ASST del Garda, Via Monte Croce 1, 25015, Desenzano del Garda, (BS), Italy
| | - Michele Aieta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, via Padre Pio 1, 85028, Rionero, Vulture (PZ), Italy
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8
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Perioperative Treatment in Resectable Gastric Cancer: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030399. [PMID: 30901943 PMCID: PMC6468561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth-most common cancer worldwide and an important cause of cancer-related-death. The growing knowledge of its molecular pathogenesis has shown that GC is not a single entity, but a constellation of different diseases, each with its own molecular and clinical characteristics. Currently, surgery represents the only curative approach for localized GC, but only 20% of patients (pts) showed resectable disease at diagnosis and, even in case of curative resection, the prognosis remains poor due to the high rate of disease relapse. In this context, multimodal perioperative approaches were developed in western and eastern countries in order to decrease relapse rates and improve survival. However, there is little consensus about the optimal treatment for non-metastatic GC. In this review, we summarize the current status and future developments of perioperative chemotherapy in resectable GC, attempting to find clear answers to the real problems in clinical practice.
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9
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Jeung YJ, Lee K, Lee HJ, Kim E, Son MJ, Ahn J, Kim HG, Kim W, Lee HJ, Kim JM, Chung KS. Cationic amino acid transporter PQLC2 is a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1453-1463. [PMID: 30729615 PMCID: PMC6447956 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells overexpress amino acid transporters to meet the increased demand for amino acids. PQ loop repeat‐containing (PQLC)2 is a cationic amino acid transporter that might be involved in cancer progression. Here, we show that upregulation of PQLC2 is critical to gastric cancer (GC) development in vitro and in vivo. Both PQLC2 mRNA and protein were overexpressed in GC tissues, especially of the diffuse type. Overexpression of PQLC2 promoted cell growth, anchorage independence, and tumor formation in nude mice. This was due to activation of MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling. Conversely, PQLC2 knockdown caused growth arrest and cell death of cancer cells and suppressed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. These results suggest that targeting PQLC2 is an effective strategy for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ji Jeung
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunah Kim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Han-Gyeul Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea.,Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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10
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Li L, Cao Y, Zhou H, Li Y, He B, Zhou X, Nie Z, Liang L, Liu Y, Ye L. Knockdown of CCNO decreases the tumorigenicity of gastric cancer by inducing apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7471-7481. [PMID: 30464498 PMCID: PMC6208796 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s176252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recently, Cyclin O (CCNO) has been reported to be a novel protein of the cyclin family. However, the clinical significance and functional roles of CCNO in human cancer, including gastric cancer (GC), remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the clinical and functional roles of CCNO in GC. Methods We analyzed CCNO expression patterns in GC patients. To investigate the role of CCNO in malignancy of GC, we used lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA to knockdown CCNO expression in GC cell lines. Then multiparametric high-content screening and MTT incorporation assay were used to assess the cell proliferation capability. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and Caspase 3/7 assays. Furthermore, the effect of CCNO on tumorigenicity of GC was also determined in vivo. Finally, microarray analysis was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which shCCNO inhibited the malignancy of GC cells. Results The analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed elevated CCNO mRNA expression in GC tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue. Immunohistochemical studies also showed that stronger cytoplasmic staining of CCNO was detected in GC tissues. Downregulation of CCNO in GC cells efficiently, through infection with the lentivirus-mediated specific short hairpin RNA, could significantly induce cell apoptosis and inhibit the proliferative properties both in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis further revealed 652 upregulated genes and 527 downregulated genes in the shCCNO group compared with control, and indicated that CCNO knockdown could inhibit the malignancy of GC cells through inducing genome-wide gene expression changes. Conclusion Our work is the first to reveal that elevated CCNO expression is closely associated with human GC development and that CCNO knockdown could efficiently inhibit the malignant properties of GC cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Therefore, CCNO could be used as a potential biomarker for prognosis or even as a therapeutic target in human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China, .,Department of General Practice, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Hourong Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Zhao Nie
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Li Liang
- Medical Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency, the Hospital affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Limin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 610041, China
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11
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Paulson AS, Hess LM, Liepa AM, Cui ZL, Aguilar KM, Clark J, Schelman W. Ramucirumab for the treatment of patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer in community oncology practices. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:831-844. [PMID: 29397460 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited real-world research has investigated ramucirumab for the treatment of patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. This study was designed to describe ramucirumab monotherapy or combination therapy use in a community oncology practice setting. METHODS This was a retrospective observational cohort study to describe the treatment of adult patients with gastric or GEJ cancer who initiated ramucirumab treatment between 4/21/14 and 6/30/16 within the US Oncology Network. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess clinical outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess patient-level predictors of ramucirumab monotherapy or combination therapy. RESULTS A total of 505 patients (mean age 64.4 years; 75.1% male) were included in the analysis; subgroups included: monotherapy (22.8%; n = 115), combination therapy (77.2%; n = 390). Monotherapy patients were significantly older (67.7 vs. 63.4 years; P = 0.0006), received ramucirumab approximately 3 months later after diagnosis (16.9 vs. 14.1 months; P = 0.0318) and more frequently initiated ramucirumab in the third or later lines of treatment (38.3 vs. 8.2%; P<0.0001) than patients receiving combination therapy. Median overall survival (OS) for monotherapy and combination therapy from the start of second-line therapy was 5.5 months (confidence interval [CI] 4.3, 7.8) and 7.4 months (CI 6.6, 8.8), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that patients who received ramucirumab monotherapy started ramucirumab therapy later after diagnosis and were older than those who received ramucirumab in combination. Additionally, survival data suggest that outcomes observed in community oncology practices are similar to data from phase 3 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scott Paulson
- Texas Oncology-Baylor Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lisa M Hess
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Kathleen M Aguilar
- McKesson Specialty Health, 10101 Woodloch Forest Drive, The Woodlands, TX, 77380, USA.
| | - Jamyia Clark
- McKesson Specialty Health, 10101 Woodloch Forest Drive, The Woodlands, TX, 77380, USA
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12
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Zhao R, Zhang T, Xi W, Sun X, Zhou L, Guo Y, Zhao C, Bao Y. Human chorionic gonadotropin promotes cell proliferation through the activation of c-Met in gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4271-4278. [PMID: 30197669 PMCID: PMC6126336 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones and their receptors affect the development process of gastric cancer. Previous studies have revealed that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is expressed in gastric cancer tissue. However, the mechanism by which hCG exerts its effects on gastric cancer cells had not been reported. In the present study, the expression of hCG and its receptor was detected in gastric cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues of 62 patients with gastric carcinoma. Following the treatment of gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 with hCG, a cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, a colony formation assay and a xenograft tumor model in nude mice were used to detect the effect of hCG on cell proliferation; and the expression of c-Met was determined by western blot analysis. The expression of hCG and its receptor were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with that of the matched para-carcinoma tissue (P<0.01). Proliferation of SGC-7901 cells treated with hCG was significant higher and the number of cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle increased compared with the control cells. Hepatocyte growth factor transmembrane protein receptor expression was increased in hCG-treated cells compared with the control cells, which relies on the protein kinase A signaling pathway. The present study revealed the potential function of hCG in the development of gastric cancer, suggesting that hCG may be a molecular marker and potential drug target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Zhou
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbiao Guo
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Yu Bao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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13
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Sahin U, Schuler M, Richly H, Bauer S, Krilova A, Dechow T, Jerling M, Utsch M, Rohde C, Dhaene K, Huber C, Türeci Ö. A phase I dose-escalation study of IMAB362 (Zolbetuximab) in patients with advanced gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. Eur J Cancer 2018; 100:17-26. [PMID: 29936063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IMAB362 (Zolbetuximab) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to Claudin-18.2, a target antigen specific to cancer cells. In vitro, IMAB362 mediates cell death through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity; thus, IMAB362 may serve as a potent, targeted immunotherapeutic agent. METHODS This first-in-human phase I study enroled adult patients (N = 15) with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer into five sequential single dose-escalation cohorts (33, 100, 300, 600, and 1000 mg/m2) following a 3 + 3 design. Safety/tolerability, including determination of maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase II dose, were the primary objectives; secondary objectives included assessment of the IMAB362 pharmacokinetic profile, immunogenicity, and antitumour activity (assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.0). RESULTS IMAB362 was generally well tolerated at all doses, with gastrointestinal toxicities being the most commonly observed treatment-related adverse events. As dose-limiting toxicity was not observed within 4 weeks of treatment, a maximum tolerated dose was not established. The pharmacokinetic profile of IMAB362 appeared to be proportional across the dose range; and mean half-life ranged from 13 to 24 d. While most patients showed progressive disease at weeks 4-5 after a single intravenous IMAB362 infusion, one patient in the 600 mg/m2 dose group achieved and maintained stable disease for approximately 2 months postinfusion. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study demonstrate that IMAB362 is generally well tolerated and support further evaluation in patients with gastric/gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT00909025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Sahin
- TRON - Translational Oncology, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Richly
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Hematology and Oncology, Lebach, Germany
| | - Anna Krilova
- Piejuras Hospital, Oncology Clinic, Liepaja, Latvia
| | - Tobias Dechow
- Formerly of Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Onkologie Ravensburg, Ravensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Karl Dhaene
- MD Dhaene Pathology Lab Bvba, Destelbergen, Belgium
| | - Christoph Huber
- TRON - Translational Oncology, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Türeci
- CI3 - Cluster of Individualized Immune Intervention, Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Liu W, Cao Y, Guan Y, Zheng C. BST2 promotes cell proliferation, migration and induces NF-κB activation in gastric cancer. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:1015-1027. [PMID: 29774441 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the functional roles of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) in gastric cancer (GC) cells and its implications in the development of GC patients. RESULTS BST2 was frequently overexpressed in GC tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumorous tissues, and high BST2 expression was correlated with tumor stage and lymphatic metastasis. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of BST2 by siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and repressed cell motility in GC cells. In addition, the pro-tumor function of BST2 in GC was mediated partly through the NF-κB signaling. CONCLUSION BST2 possesses the oncogenic potential in GC by regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, and migratory ability of GC cells, thereby BST2 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Wang X, Liu Y, Diao Y, Gao N, Wan Y, Zhong J, Zheng H, Wang Z, Jin G. Gastric cancer vaccines synthesized using a TLR7 agonist and their synergistic antitumor effects with 5-fluorouracil. J Transl Med 2018; 16:120. [PMID: 29739434 PMCID: PMC5941430 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccines play increasingly important roles in cancer treatment due to their advantages of effective targeting and few side effects. Our laboratory has attempted to construct vaccines by conjugating TLR7 agonists with tumor-associated antigens. Furthermore, immunochemotherapy has recently become an appealing approach to cancer therapy. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, can reportedly potently and selectively kill tumor-associated MDSCs in vivo. Methods Gastric cancer vaccines were synthesized by the covalent attachment of our TLR7 agonist with the gastric cancer antigen MG7-Ag tetra-epitope, leading to T7 − ML (linear tetra-epitope) and T7 − MB (branched tetra-epitope). Cytokines induced by the vaccines in vitro were assessed by ELISA. A tumor challenge model was created by treating BALB/c mice on either a prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination schedule. 5-FU was simultaneously applied to mice in the combination treatment group. CTL and ADCC activities were determined by the LDH method, while CD3+/CD8+, CD3+/CD4+ T cells and MDSCs were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results In vitro, rapid TNF-α and IL-12 inductions occurred in BMDCs treated with the vaccines. In vivo, among all the vaccines tested, T7 − MB most effectively reduced EAC tumor burdens and induced CTLs, antibodies and ADCC activity in BALB/c mice. Immunization with T7 − MB in combination with 5-FU chemotherapy reduced tumor sizes and extended long-term survival rates, mainly by improving T cell responses, including CTLs, CD3+/CD8+ and CD3+/CD4+ T cells. 5-FU also enhanced the T7 − MB efficiency by reversing immunosuppressive factors, i.e., MDSCs, which could not be validly inhibited by the vaccines alone. In addition, T7 − MB repressed tumor growth and immune tolerance when the therapeutic schedule was used, although the effects were weaker than those achieved with either T7 − MB alone or in combination with 5-FU on the prophylactic schedule. Conclusions A novel effective gastric cancer vaccine was constructed, and the importance of branched multiple antigen peptides and chemical conjugation to vaccine design were confirmed. The synergistic effects and mechanisms of T7 − MB and 5-FU were also established, observing mainly T cell activation and MDSC inhibition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1501-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuwen Diao
- Department of Biology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ningning Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Wan
- The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Huali Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhulin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyi Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China. .,Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Kim J, Jung KH, Yan HH, Cheon MJ, Kang S, Jin X, Park S, Oh MS, Hong SS. Artemisia Capillaris leaves inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:147. [PMID: 29739391 PMCID: PMC5941330 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural product is one of the most important sources of drugs used in pharmaceutical therapeutics. Artemisia capillaris has been traditionally used as a hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, we extracted an ethanol fraction (LAC117) from the dried leaves of Artemisia capillaris and identified its anticancer activity and mechanism of action against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Anti-proliferative effect of LAC117 was evaluated by MTT assay and BrdU assay. The apoptotic effect of LAC117 on the expression of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 was evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry from in vivo mouse xenograft, respectively. RESULTS We found that LAC117 strongly suppressed the growth and proliferation of human HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7). Induction of apoptosis was evidenced by the increases of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP as well as TUNEL-positive cells. Additionally, the pro-apoptotic effect of LAC117 was observed by a decrease in the expression of the XIAP and an increase in cytochrome c releases via mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, it significantly inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway in HCC in vivo and in vitro. LAC117 suppressed tumor growth in an ex vivo model as well as in vivo mouse xenograft by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights that LAC117 could not only efficiently induce apoptosis, but also inhibit the growth of human HCC cells by blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that LAC117 would be a potentially useful drug candidate against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712 Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712 Korea
| | - Hong Hua Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712 Korea
| | - Min Ji Cheon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712 Korea
| | - Sunmi Kang
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Xing Jin
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712 Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 366, Seohae-daero, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332 Republic of Korea
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17
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Deng X, Zheng H, Li D, Xue Y, Wang Q, Yan S, Zhu Y, Deng M. MicroRNA-34a regulates proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by targeting silent information regulator 1. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3705-3714. [PMID: 29581731 PMCID: PMC5863600 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify whether microRNA (miRNA/miR)-34a regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by targeting silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). The expression of miR-34a and SIRT1 and cell viability was investigated in gastric cancer cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to determine miR-34a expression in gastric adenocarcinoma, normal pericarcinomatous tissues, human normal gastric mucosa epithelial cell line GES and various gastric cancer cell strains. A bioinformatics method was then used to predict the target gene of miR-34a. A human miR-34a over expression lentiviral vector system was constructed and then used for transfection of the gastric cancer cell line SCG-7901 to determine the expression of SIRT1 mRNA and SIRT1 protein using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The MTT method and flow cytometry was used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis. The relative expression of miR-34a in gastric cancer tissues was significantly decreased compared with that in normal tissues (P<0.01). miR-34a expression was also significantly decreased in low differentiated N2, N3 gastric cancer tissues (P<0.01). However, tumor size and filtration degree were not significantly associated with miR-34a expression. The relative expression of miR-34a was decreased in gastric cancer cells, especially in the SGC-7901 cell line (P<0.01) compared with the GES group. The relative expression of SIRT1 protein was decreased in the miR-34a group compared with the negative control (P<0.01). The rate of proliferation was significantly decreased, whereas the rate of apoptosis was significantly increased in the miR-34a group compared with the NC group (P<0.01). Therefore, the present results suggested that miRNA-34a serves a pivotal role in gastric cancer as a cancer suppressor gene by targeting SIRT1 to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Hailun Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yongju Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Shanjun Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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18
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Efficacy and safety for Apatinib treatment in advanced gastric cancer: a real world study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13208. [PMID: 29038432 PMCID: PMC5643341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apatinib has been proved to be effective and safe among patients in gastric cancer in Phase II and III Trials. We aimed to evaluate its efficacy and safety in real world practice, and to explore factors associated with efficacy. Between January 2015 and February 2017, totally 36 patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma or adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) were enrolled and followed up retrospectively after failing at least two lines of systemic therapy. The mPFS was 2.65 months (95%CI 1.66–3.54), and mOS was 5.8 months (95%CI 4.77–6.83). Two patients achieved partial response, and nineteen achieved stable disease. The disease control rate (DCR) was 58.3%, and objective response rate (ORR) was 5.6%. Common grade adverse events were hypertension (38.9%), proteinuria (36.1%), and neutropenia (33.3%). And the most common adverse events over grade 3 were hand-foot syndrome (8.3%), anemia (5.6%), and diarrhea (5.6%). No treatment-related death was documented during the drug administration. Exploratory analyses indicated patients treated with antiangiogenic therapy previously were more likely to benefit from apatinib.
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19
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Involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway in the inhibition of hepatocarcinoma cell invasion and metastasis induced by SASH1 through downregulating Shh-Gli1 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 89:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α decreases the viability of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4322-4326. [PMID: 28599433 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ are involved in inflammation and cell differentiation. In the present study, their roles in human gastric cancer cells were investigated. The human gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and MKN74 were subjected to the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to analyze the expression levels of C/EBPα, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ. The cells were transfected with expression plasmids for either C/EBPα or C/EBPδ, and subjected to a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay and RT-qPCR for analysis of cyclin D1 expression. Expression levels of C/EBPα and C/EBPδ were decreased in MKN45 and MKN74 cells compared with in normal gastric tissue. Expression levels of C/EBPβ were decreased in MKN45 cells and increased in MKN74 cells. Viability of MKN45 cells was decreased by C/EBPα and C/EBPδ. Viability of MKN74 cells was decreased by C/EBPα, but increased by C/EBPδ. Expression levels of cyclin D1 were decreased in association with C/EBPα and C/EBPδ overexpression in MKN45 cells. Expression levels of cyclin D1 were decreased in association with C/EBPα overexpression, but increased in association with C/EBPδ overexpression, in MKN74 cells. The results of the present study indicate that C/EBPα is potentially useful for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishige
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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21
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Sokolova O, Naumann M. NF-κB Signaling in Gastric Cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9040119. [PMID: 28350359 PMCID: PMC5408193 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Diet, obesity, smoking and chronic infections, especially with Helicobacter pylori, contribute to stomach cancer development. H. pylori possesses a variety of virulence factors including encoded factors from the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island (cagPAI) or vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA). Most of the cagPAI-encoded products form a type 4 secretion system (T4SS), a pilus-like macromolecular transporter, which translocates CagA into the cytoplasm of the host cell. Only H. pylori strains carrying the cagPAI induce the transcription factor NF-κB, but CagA and VacA are dispensable for direct NF-κB activation. NF-κB-driven gene products include cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, anti-apoptotic factors, angiogenesis regulators and metalloproteinases. Many of the genes transcribed by NF-κB promote gastric carcinogenesis. Since it has been shown that chemotherapy-caused cellular stress could elicit activation of the survival factor NF-κB, which leads to acquisition of chemoresistance, the NF-κB system is recommended for therapeutic targeting. Research is motivated for further search of predisposing conditions, diagnostic markers and efficient drugs to improve significantly the overall survival of patients. In this review, we provide an overview about mechanisms and consequences of NF-κB activation in gastric mucosa in order to understand the role of NF-κB in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
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22
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Lei X, Wang F, Ke Y, Wei D, Gu H, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Lv L, Lin J, Wang L. The role of antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6301. [PMID: 28272258 PMCID: PMC5348206 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of advanced gastric cancer (GC) is dismal, and effects of antiangiogenic agents remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study is to assess combination of chemotherapy with antiangiogenic therapy versus traditional chemotherapy. METHODS To achieve the goal of scientific rigor, statistics from both referenced works and experiments were analyzed. We carefully searched for the referenced works by retrieving, as well as analyzing, literature databases for information on antiangiogenic therapy compared to other therapeutic approaches used to treat GC patients. Two groups were defined in the experiment: experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated with antiangiogenic drug, and the control group was treated with standard chemotherapy or placebo. RESULTS The study included a total of 3240 participants. Overall, there was significant improvement in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.91, P = 0.002), progression-free survival (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52-0.81, P = 0.0002), objective response rate (risk ratio [RR] = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.33-1.88, P < 0.00001), and disease control rate (RR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.57-3.78, P < 0.0001) in the group with antiangiogenic drug versus the group with standard chemotherapy or placebo. Moreover, this new treatment approach showed tolerable toxicity. CONCLUSION This study confirms the superior efficacy of combination therapy with antiangiogenic agents in comparison to traditional chemotherapy regimens for patients with GC. Moreover, this new treatment approach showed tolerable toxicity. This meta-analysis provides important information for clinicians who are interested in using antiangiogenic therapies to treat GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Hou Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | | | | | - Li Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
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23
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Sun W, Yan L. Gastric cancer: current and evolving treatment landscape. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:83. [PMID: 27581465 PMCID: PMC5006607 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastric (including gastroesophageal junction) cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. In China, an estimated 420,000 patients were diagnosed with gastric cancer in 2011, ranking this malignancy the second most prevalent cancer type and resulting in near 300,000 deaths. The treatment landscape of gastric cancer has evolved in recent years. Although systemic chemotherapy is still the mainstay treatment of metastatic disease, the introduction of agents targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelia growth factor receptor has brought this disease into the molecular and personalized medicine era. The preliminary yet encouraging clinical efficacy observed with immune checkpoint inhibitors, e.g., anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1, will further shape the treatment landscape for gastric cancer. Molecular characterization of patients will play a critical role in developing new agents, as well as in implementing new treatment options for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Sun
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
| | - Li Yan
- US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Martinez, CA, 94553, USA. .,Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China.
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24
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Yang C, Zheng W, Du W. CXCR3A contributes to the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1686-92. [PMID: 27461521 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR3, belonging to CXC chemokine receptors, has been identified to be overexpressed in various kinds of tumors. There are three mRNA variants of CXCR3 (CXCR3A, CXCR3B and CXCR3alt) in human cells. The functions of major CXCR3 isoforms (CXCR3A, CXCR3B) have been reported in some tumors including prostate and breast cancer. However, the effects of CXCR3A and CXCR3B on gastric cancer cell progression remain unknown. The present investigation found that CXCR3A mRNA level was upregulated but CXCR3B mRNA level was downregulated in gastric cancer cells and tissues. In vitro growth analysis showed that CXCR3A acted as a positive mediator in regulating cell growth, whereas CXCR3B exerted the opposite effect. In vitro invasion and migration assays showed that CXCL10 promoted gastric cancer cell invasion and migration via CXCR3A, but not CXCR3B. Moreover, knockdown of CXCR3A inhibited cell growth and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, CXCR3A knockdown attenuated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑13 and IL‑6 expression, and reduced ERK1/2 activation. Together, these data suggest that CXCR3A contributes to the growth, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and thus may be a key mediator of gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Wanlei Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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25
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Grillo F, Fassan M, Sarocchi F, Fiocca R, Mastracci L. HER2 heterogeneity in gastric/gastroesophageal cancers: From benchside to practice. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5879-5887. [PMID: 27468182 PMCID: PMC4948273 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 is overexpressed in approximately 10%-20% of gastric and gastroesophageal junction carcinomas. In these types of cancer, accurate assessment of HER2 status is mandatory, for selecting patients who may benefit from targeted therapies with anti-HER2 drugs such as Trastuzumab. This manuscript focuses on HER2 in gastric carcinogenesis, on optimal evaluation of HER2 and on the possible causes which may contribute to inaccurate HER2 evaluation. Similarly to breast cancer HER2 evaluation, standardization of HER2 testing in gastric cancer is necessary in diagnostic practice. The three principle aspects which require consideration are: (1) the choice of sample with regards to cancer morphology - intestinal vs diffuse areas; (2) the choice of scoring criteria - use of HER2 scoring criteria specific for gastric cancer; and (3) the choice of HER2 evaluation methods - use of an algorithm in which both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization play a role. Problematic issues include: (1) pre-analytic variables with particular emphasis on fixation; (2) recommended methodology for HER2 assessment (immunohistochemistry vs in situ hybridization); (3) HER2 heterogeneity both within the primary tumor and between primary tumor and metastases; (4) reliability of biopsies in HER 2 evaluation; and (5) quantity of sample (FFPE blocks from surgical specimens or endoscopic biopsies) necessary for an adequate assessment.
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26
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Efficient isolation and proteomic analysis of cell plasma membrane proteins in gastric cancer reveal a novel differentiation and progression related cell surface marker, R-cadherin. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11775-11787. [PMID: 27029387 PMCID: PMC5080335 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell plasma membrane proteins, playing a crucial role in cell malignant transformation and development, were the main targets of tumor detection and therapy. In this study, CyDye/biotin double-labeling proteomic approach was adopted to profile the membrane proteome of gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 and paired immortalized gastric epithelial cell GES-1. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining were used to validate the differential expression of a novel identified cell surface marker R-cadherin in gastric cancer cells and tissues. Clinicopathological study and survival analysis were performed to estimate its roles in tumor progression and outcome prediction. Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression level of R-cadherin in gastric cancer were significantly lower than non-cancerous epithelial cell and tissues. Clinicopathological study indicated that R-cadherin was dominantly expressed on cell surface of normal gastric epithelium, and its expression deletion in gastric cancer tissues was associated with tumor site, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and pTNM (chi-square test, P < 0.05). Those patients with R-cadherin positive expression displayed better overall survivals than negative expression group (log-rank test, P = 0.000). Cox multivariate survival analysis revealed lacking the expression of R-cadherin was a main independent predictor for poor clinical outcome in gastric cancer (RR = 5.680, 95 % CI 2.250–14.341, P < 0.01). We have established a fundamental membrane proteome database for gastric cancer and identified R-cadherin as a tumor differentiation and progression-related cell surface marker of gastric cancer. Lacking the expression of R-cadherin indicates poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
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27
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Zhang F, Yang X, Li L, Sun L, Wang BO, Yu X. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression and gene copy number analysis in gastric carcinoma samples from Chinese patients. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:173-181. [PMID: 26870185 PMCID: PMC4727090 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and gene copy number have been observed to be associated with a positive clinical response to EGFR inhibitors. The present study aimed to evaluate EGFR expression and gene copy number in samples of gastric carcinoma (GC) from Chinese patients. EGFR expression and gene copy number were detected using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, in tissue array slides containing 150 individual samples of GC tissue. The association between EGFR status, clinicopathological features and overall patient survival was analyzed. Out of the 150 cases of GC evaluated, 63 (42.00%) demonstrated weak EGFR expression and 20 (13.33%) demonstrated EGFR overexpression. EGFR expression was observed to be associated with tumor location (P<0.05). Out of 104 cases of GC, which produced a clear FISH signal, 6 (5.77%) exhibited EGFR gene amplification and 5 (4.80%) exhibited balanced polysomy. Patients exhibiting GC, who demonstrated weak EGFR expression, EGFR overexpression or increased EGFR gene copy number, possessed an unfavorable prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that EGFR expression, tumor/node/metastasis stage and tumor location were potential independent unfavorable prognostic factors for GC patients. In conclusion, EGFR overexpression, gene amplification and polysomy were observed in GC patients and were associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Evaluation of EGFR status may therefore facilitate the identification of a subset of GC patients sensitive to treatment with EGFR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Xingwu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - B O Wang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotang Yu
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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28
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Aguiar PN, Muniz TP, Miranda RR, Tadokoro H, Forones NM, Monteiro IDP, Castelo-Branco P, Janjigian YY, De Mello RA. Current advances in targeted therapies for metastatic gastric cancer: improving patient care. Future Oncol 2016; 12:839-54. [PMID: 26838766 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the literature on the current advances in targeted therapies for metastatic gastric cancer aimed at improving patient care. We conclude that the key to guiding targeted therapy is individual biomarkers, which are not completely elucidated. HER2 overexpression is the only predictive biomarker currently in use. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand that gastric tumors are heterogeneous; therefore, is impossible to evaluate a novel biological compound without evaluating personal biomarkers. The selection of patients who are able to receive each treatment is paramount for improving advanced gastric cancer survival and reducing unnecessary costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hakaru Tadokoro
- Division of Medical Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramon Andrade De Mello
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences & Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Clinical Research Center & Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Oncológico São Mateus, Ceará Cancer Institute, Rua Papi Junior 1222, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60430-235, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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29
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Roviello G, Petrioli R, Marano L, Polom K, Marrelli D, Perrella A, Roviello F. Angiogenesis inhibitors in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:31-41. [PMID: 26329368 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in systemic chemotherapy during the past two decades, the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma remains poor. Because of molecular heterogeneity, it is essential to classify tumors based on the underlying oncogenic pathways and to develop targeted therapies acting on individual tumors. Unfortunately, although a number of molecular targets have been studied, very few of these agents can be used in a clinical setting. In this review, we summarize the available data on anti-angiogenic agents in advanced/metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Petrioli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Marano
- Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Karol Polom
- Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Daniele Marrelli
- Section of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Armando Perrella
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
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30
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Roviello G, Polom K, Petrioli R, Marano L, Marrelli D, Paganini G, Savelli V, Generali D, De Franco L, Ravelli A, Roviello F. Monoclonal antibodies-based treatment in gastric cancer: current status and future perspectives. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:127-40. [PMID: 26566626 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, and despite having improved treatment modalities over the last decade, for most patients, only modest improvements have been seen in overall survival. Recent progress in understanding the molecular biology of GC and the related signaling pathways offers, from the clinical point of view, promising advances for selected groups of patients. In the past, targeted therapies have significantly impacted the treatment strategy of several common solid tumors such as breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Unfortunately, translational and clinical research shows fewer encouraging targeted treatments with regards to the GC. To date, only two monoclonal antibodies (mAb), named trastuzumab and ramucirumab, are approved for the treatment of advanced GC, suggesting that in GC, maybe more than in other cancers, effective targeted therapy requires patient selection based on precise predictive molecular biomarkers. The aim of this review is to summarize the available data on the clinical advantages offered by the use of mAbs in the treatment of advanced/metastatic GC. Future perspective is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Section of pharmacology and University Center DIFF-Drug Innovation Forward Future, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25124, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Karol Polom
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience; Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Petrioli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Marano
- General, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery, "San Matteo degli Infermi" Hospital, ASL Umbria 2, 06049, Spoleto, Italy
| | - Daniele Marrelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, Section of Advanced Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paganini
- Unit of General Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera "C. Poma " Presidio ospedaliero di Pieve di Coriano, Mantova, Italy
| | - Vinno Savelli
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Section of Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Franco
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, Section of Advanced Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ravelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience; Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
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31
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Kanat O, O’Neil B, Shahda S. Targeted therapy for advanced gastric cancer: A review of current status and future prospects. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:401-10. [PMID: 26690491 PMCID: PMC4678387 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i12.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the West in particular, the vast majority of gastric cancer (GC) patients present with advanced-stage disease. Although combination chemotherapy is still the most important component of treatment for these patients, it confers a modest survival advantage. Recently, increased knowledge of the key molecular signaling pathways involved in gastric carcinogenesis has led to the discovery of specific molecular-targeted therapeutic agents. Some of these agents such as trastuzumab and ramucirumab have changed the treatment paradigm for this disease. In this paper, we will summarize the current clinical status of targeted drug therapy in the management of GC.
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Qu Z, Zou X, Zhang X, Sheng J, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang C, Ji Y. Chelidonine induces mitotic slippage and apoptotic-like death in SGC-7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1336-44. [PMID: 26677104 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chelidonine on mitotic slippage and apoptotic-like death in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells. The MTT assay was performed to detect the antiproliferative effect of chelidonine. Following treatment with chelidonine (10 µmol/l), the ultrastructure changes in SGC-7901, MCF-7 and HepG2 cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The effects of chelidonine on G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells were determined by flow cytometry. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) were used to detect the phosphorylation level of histone H3 (Ser10) and microtubule formation was detected using LSCM following immunofluorescent labeling. Subsequent to treatment with chelidonine (10 µmol/l), expression levels of mitotic slippage-associated proteins, including BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BubR1), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and cyclin B1, and apoptosis-associated protein, caspase-3 were examined by western blotting at 24, 48 and 72 h. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of chelidonine was 23.13 µmol/l over 48 h and chelidonine induced G2/M phase arrest of cells. The phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10 was significantly increased following treatment with chelidonine for 24 h, indicating that chelidonine arrested the SGC-7901 cells in the M phase. Chelidonine inhibited microtubule polymerization, destroyed microtubule structures and induced cell cycle arrest in the M phase. Giant cells were observed with multiple micronuclei of varying sizes, which indicated that following a prolonged arrest in the M phase, the cells underwent mitotic catastrophe. Western blotting demonstrated that the protein expression levels of BubR1, cyclin B1 and Cdk1 decreased significantly between 48 and 72 h. Low expression levels of BubR1 and inactivation of the cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex results in the cells being arrested at mitosis and leads to mitotic slippage. In addition, apoptotic morphological changes in multinucleated cells were observed, the apoptosis rates increased gradually with administration of chelidonine in a time-dependent manner and the protein levels of caspase-3 increased significantly between 24 and 72 h. Thus, chelidonine induces mitotic slippage, and apoptotic-like death occurs in SGC-7901 cells undergoing mitotic catastrophe. Gastric cancer is a common malignancy, and ranks second in overall cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. The present study demonstrated that chelidonine induces M phase arrest and mitotic slippage of SGC-7901 human gastric carcinoma cells via downregulating the expression of BubR1, Cdk1 and cyclin B1 proteins. With the prolongation of chelidonine treatment, the giant cells with multiple micronuclei underwent mitotic slippage and were maintained in the G1 phase and did not survive. A number of multinucleated cells underwent apoptosis via a caspase-dependent signaling pathway. The current study proposes that chelidonine induces mitotic slippage and apoptotic-like death of SGC-7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Jiejing Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Antineoplastic Drugs, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
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Abstract
Ramucirumab (Cyramza(®)), an intravenously administered, monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, is approved in the USA, EU and Japan (either as a single agent or in combination with paclitaxel) as second-line treatment in adults with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. In two phase III trials (REGARD and RAINBOW) in this indication, overall survival and progression-free survival were significantly prolonged with ramucirumab 8 mg/kg every 2 weeks compared with placebo, and with ramucirumab 8 mg/kg every 2 weeks plus weekly paclitaxel compared with placebo plus paclitaxel. Ramucirumab had a generally acceptable tolerability profile in phase III trials; hypertension was the most common non-haematological adverse event of grade 3 or higher with ramucirumab (either alone or with paclitaxel). As the first antiangiogenic agent to provide significant survival benefit in patients with advanced gastric cancer, ramucirumab is a valuable option in the second-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Greig
- Springer, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
| | - Gillian M Keating
- Springer, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand
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Genomic alterations in BCL2L1 and DLC1 contribute to drug sensitivity in gastric cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12492-7. [PMID: 26401016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507491112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recent high-throughput analyses of genomic alterations revealed several driver genes and altered pathways in GC. However, therapeutic applications from genomic data are limited, largely as a result of the lack of druggable molecular targets and preclinical models for drug selection. To identify new therapeutic targets for GC, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of DNA from 103 patients with GC for copy number alteration (CNA) analysis, and whole-exome sequencing from 55 GCs from the same patients for mutation profiling. Pathway analysis showed recurrent alterations in the Wnt signaling [APC, CTNNB1, and DLC1 (deleted in liver cancer 1)], ErbB signaling (ERBB2, PIK3CA, and KRAS), and p53 signaling/apoptosis [TP53 and BCL2L1 (BCL2-like 1)] pathways. In 18.4% of GC cases (19/103), amplification of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2L1 was observed, and subsequently a BCL2L1 inhibitor was shown to markedly decrease cell viability in BCL2L1-amplified cell lines and in similarly altered patient-derived GC xenografts, especially when combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. In 10.9% of cases (6/55), mutations in DLC1 were found and were also shown to confer a growth advantage for these cells via activation of Rho-ROCK signaling, rendering these cells more susceptible to a ROCK inhibitor. Taken together, our study implicates BCL2L1 and DLC1 as potential druggable targets for specific subsets of GC cases.
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. Gastric cancer cell proliferation is suppressed by frizzled-2 short hairpin RNA. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1018-24. [PMID: 25586465 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify novel targets for the molecular therapy of gastric cancer (GC), we investigated the mRNA and protein expression of frizzled-2 (Fz2), a Wnt signaling pathway receptor. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was utilized to determine the expression patterns of Fz genes in normal stomach and in the GC cell lines MKN45 and MKN74. Immunostaining was performed on surgical specimens of GC using an antibody against Fz2. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2- (4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay was performed on MKN45 cells and MKN74 cells transfected with Fz2 short-hairpin (sh) RNA. Cell motility was analyzed by scratch assay following Fz2 shRNA. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to analyze the expression levels of cyclin D1 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9). Fz1, 3, 6 and 8 were expressed in normal stomach, and in MKN45 and MKN74 cells. Fz2 was expressed in normal stomach and in MKN45, but not in MKN74 cells. Well-differentiated GC tissue was weakly positive for Fz2 in cell membranes. Fz2 was positive in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm of GC tissues of moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Signet ring cells were positive for cytoplasmic Fz2. Proliferation of MKN45 and MKN74 cells was suppressed by Fz2 shRNA, and a scratch assay demonstrated that Fz2 shRNA suppressed also MKN45 and MKN74 cell motility. Furthermore, Fz2 shRNA application led to downregulated mRNA expression of both cyclin D1 and MMP-9. Fz2, 3, 6 and 8 were expressed in normal stomach, and in MKN45 and MKN74 GC cells. Fz2 shRNA suppressed cell proliferation and motility of MKN45 and MKN74 cells, and downregulated cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression in these GC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishige
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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Zamanian–Azodi M, Rezaei–Tavirani M, Hasanzadeh H, Rahmati Rad S, Dalilan S. Introducing biomarker panel in esophageal, gastric, and colon cancers; a proteomic approach. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2015; 8:6-18. [PMID: 25584171 PMCID: PMC4285927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research is an attractive field in molecular biology and medicine. By applying large-scale tools such as advanced genomics and proteomics, cancer diagnosis and treatment have been improved greatly. Cancers of esophagus, gastric, and colon accounted for major health problem globally. Biomarker panel could bring out the accuracy for cancer evaluation tests as it can suggest a group of candidate molecules specified to particular malignancy in a way that distinguishing malignant tumors from benign, differentiating from other diseases, and identifying each stages with high specificity and sensitivity. In this review, a systematic search of unique protein markers reported by several proteomic literatures are classified in their specific cancer type group as novel panels for feasible accurate malignancy diagnosis and treatment. About thousands of introduced proteins were studied; however, a small number of them belonged to a specific kind of malignancy. In conclusion, despite the fact that combinatorial biomarkers appear to be hopeful, more evaluation of them is crucial to achieve the suitable biomarker panel for clinical application. This effort needs more investigations and researches for finding a specific and sensitive panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zamanian–Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei–Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sara Rahmati Rad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Dalilan
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are large geographic variations in the incidence of these tumors, with 60% occurring in East Asia. For patients with resectable disease, surgery and perioperative treatment can be effective. For patients with advanced gastric cancer, chemotherapy regimens result in a median survival of 9-11 months. In general, the prognosis for advanced disease is poor and 5-year overall survival rates are around 15%. Combination therapies yield better survival rates, albeit with increased toxicity. Therefore, more effective and less toxic treatment regimens are needed. SUMMARY The molecular aberrations that characterize the different subgroups of gastric cancer have been used as therapeutic targets. However, the heterogeneity and complexity of gastric cancers is a major challenge for the development of effective targeted therapies. This review examines the main molecular targets in the treatment of gastric cancer, namely the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. KEY MESSAGE The molecular aberrations characteristic of gastric cancer are being explored for the development of targeted therapies, including the VEGF, HER2, HGF/c-Met, EGFR and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Trastuzumab, an antibody which targets HER2, is the first approved targeted therapy for the treatment of gastric cancer. However, trastuzumab is only effective in HER2-positive tumors (about 10-20% of all gastric cancers). Ramucirumab, which targets the VEGF receptor 2, has yielded benefits with respect to overall survival in a phase III trial and is an effective treatment for advanced gastric cancer with approval in second-line treatment. Apatinib and rilotumumab are another two promising new agents currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schulte
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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