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Özer A, Koçak B, Sezen ŞC, Arslan M, Kavutçu M. The Effect of "Proanthocyanidin" on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Skeletal Muscles of Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:804. [PMID: 38792987 PMCID: PMC11122870 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Lower limb skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and it is common in several clinical situations such as aortic aneurysms repairment, peripheral arterial surgery, vascular injury repairment, and shock. Although it is generally accepted that oxidative stress mediators have a significant role in IR injury, its precise mechanism is still unknown. Anecdotally, it is sustained not only by structural and functional changes in the organ it affects but also by damage to distant organs. The purpose of this report is to illustrate the effect of proanthocyanidin on IR injury. Materials and Methods: In our study, 18 male Wistar albino rats were used. The subjects were divided into three groups containing six mice each (control, C; ischemia-reperfusion, IR; ischemia-reperfusion and proanthocyanidin; IR-PRO). Intraperitoneal proanthocyanidin was given to the IR and proanthocyanidin groups 30 min before laparotomy, and 1 h ischemia led to these two groups. After one hour, reperfusion started. Muscle atrophy-hypertrophy, muscle degeneration-congestion, fragmentation-hyalinization, muscle oval-central nucleus ratio, leukocyte cell infiltration, catalase enzyme activity, and TBARS were all examined in lower-limb muscle samples after one hour of reperfusion. Results: When skeletal muscle samples were evaluated histopathologically, it was discovered that muscle atrophy-hypertrophy, muscle degeneration-congestion, fragmentation-hyalinization, and leukocyte cell infiltration with oval-central nucleus standardization were significantly higher in the IR group than in the C and IR-P groups. Oval-central nucleus standardization was significantly higher in the IR and IR-PRO groups than in the control group. TBARS levels were significantly higher in the IR group than in the control and IR-PRO groups, while catalase enzyme activity was found to be significantly lower in the IR group than in the control and IR-PRO groups. Conclusions: As a consequence of our research, we discovered that proanthocyanidins administered before IR have a protective impact on skeletal muscle in rats. Further research in this area is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Özer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gazi University Medical Faculty, 06570 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Başak Koçak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sivas Numune Hospital, 58380 Sivas, Turkey;
| | - Şaban Cem Sezen
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Kırıkkale University, 71300 Kırıkkale, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Medical Faculty, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kavutçu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical Faculty, 06510 Ankara, Turkey;
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Yao Z, Liu N, Lin H, Zhou Y. Proanthocyanidin Alleviates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Autophagy and Apoptosis via the PPARα/PGC1α Signaling Pathway. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1329-1340. [PMID: 37719964 PMCID: PMC10500287 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in clinical practice, which usually occurs in liver transplantation, liver resection, severe trauma, and hemorrhagic shock. Proanthocyanidin (PC), exerted from various plants with antioxidant, antitumor, and antiaging activity, were administrated in our study to investigate the underlying mechanism of its protective function on IRI. Methods Two doses of PC (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) were given to BALB/c mice by intragastric administration for 7 days before partial (70%) warm IR surgery. Serum and liver tissues were collected 2, 8, and 24 h after reperfusion for relevant experiments. Results The results of transaminase and hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that PC pretreatment significantly alleviated IRI in mice. Serum total superoxide dismutase increased and malondialdehyde decreased in PC pretreatment groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry showed that inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in PC preprocessing groups were significantly inhibited and were dose-dependent. The protein, mRNA expression, and immunohistochemical staining results of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) in the PC pretreatment groups were significantly upregulated compared with the IR group in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions PC pretreatment suppressed inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy via the PPAR-α signaling pathway to protect against IRI of the liver in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jingan District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jingan District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jobe MC, Mthiyane DMN, Dludla PV, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Onwudiwe DC, Mwanza M. Pathological Role of Oxidative Stress in Aflatoxin-Induced Toxicity in Different Experimental Models and Protective Effect of Phytochemicals: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5369. [PMID: 37513242 PMCID: PMC10386527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a secondary metabolite with a potentially devastating effect in causing liver damage in broiler chickens, and this is mainly facilitated through the generation of oxidative stress and malonaldehyde build-up. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in controlling the invasion of aflatoxins. Phytochemicals are some of the commonly used molecules endowed with potential therapeutic effects to ameliorate aflatoxin, by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species and enhancing intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Experimental models involving cell cultures and broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin or contaminated diet have been used to investigate the ameliorative effects of phytochemicals against aflatoxin toxicity. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used to identify relevant data sources. The retrieved information reported on the link between aflatoxin B1-included cytotoxicity and the ameliorative potential/role of phytochemicals in chickens. Importantly, retrieved data showed that phytochemicals may potentially protect against aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress and enhancing intracellular antioxidants. Preclinical data indicate that activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), together with its downstream antioxidant genes, may be a potential therapeutic mechanism by which phytochemicals neutralize oxidative stress. This highlights the need for more research to determine whether phytochemicals can be considered a useful therapeutic intervention in controlling mycotoxins to improve broiler health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cebile Jobe
- Department of Animal Science, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Doctor M N Mthiyane
- Department of Animal Science, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | | | - Damian C Onwudiwe
- Department of Chemistry, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Department of Animal Health, Mahikeng Campus, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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Bai X, Jiang M, Wang J, Yang S, Liu Z, Zhang H, Zhu X. Cyanidin attenuates the apoptosis of rat nucleus pulposus cells and the degeneration of intervertebral disc via the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway in vitro and in vivo. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:427-436. [PMID: 35175176 PMCID: PMC8856032 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2035773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cyanidin has been shown to have therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis. However, it is unclear whether cyanidin prevents the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the effects of cyanidin on IVDD in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) isolated from lumbar IVD of 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 20 ng/mL IL-1β, and then treated with different doses (0-120 µM) of cyanidin for 24 h. SD rats were classified into three groups (n = 8) and treated as follows: control (normal saline), IVDD (vehicle), IVDD + cyanidin (50 mg/kg). Cyanidin was administered intraperitoneally for 8 weeks. RESULTS The IC50 of cyanidin for NPCs was 94.78 µM, and cyanidin had no toxicity at concentrations up to 500 mg/kg in SD rats. Cyanidin inhibited the apoptosis of NPCs induced by IL-1β (12.73 ± 0.61% vs. 18.54 ± 0.60%), promoted collagen II (0.82-fold) and aggrecan (0.81-fold) expression, while reducing MMP-13 (1.02-fold) and ADAMTS-5 (1.40-fold) expression. Cyanidin increased the formation of autophagosomes in IL-1β-induced NPCs, and promoted LC3II/LC3I (0.83-fold) and beclin-1 (0.85-fold) expression, which could be reversed by chloroquine. Cyanidin inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 (0.47-fold) and STAT3 (0.53-fold) in IL-1β-induced NPCs. The effects of cyanidin could be enhanced by AG490. Furthermore, cyanidin mitigated disc degeneration in IVDD rats in vivo. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Cyanidin improved the function of NPCs in IVDD by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which may provide a novel alternative strategy for IVDD. The mechanism of cyanidin improving IVDD still needs further work for in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
- Department of Spine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meichao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
- Department of Spine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Department of Geratology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
- CONTACT Xiaojuan Zhu Department of Geratology, Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital, No.320 Great Wall North Street, Baoding, 071000, China
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Grape seed procyanidins improve intestinal health by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Biosynthesis and medicinal applications of proanthocyanidins: A recent update. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dietary effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, skin mucosal immune response, and antioxidant capacity in goldfish ( Carassius auratus). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on gold fish, Carassius auratus. In this regard, GSPE was added to a basal diet at four levels including 0, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg to produce four experimental diets including control, GSPE200, GSPE400, and GSPE600. Three hundred and sixty goldfish (3.75 ± 0.1 g) were stocked in twelve 100 L rectangular tanks (30 fish per tank) and fed with the experimental diets three times a day for nine weeks. During the experimental trial, water temperature was 26.7–28.5ºC. The weight gain and specific growth rate in the fish fed with GSPE supplemented diets were higher than the control, meanwhile feed conversion ratio value in these groups decreased compared to the control. Fish fed GSPE-supplemented diets had lower fillet lipid (10-19%), but higher protein levels (7–15%) compared to the control. The levels of serum triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the fish fed GSPE-supplemented diets were decreased compared to the control group. The highest and lowest levels of serum glucose, and ALP were in the fish fed with control and GSPE600 diets, respectively. The skin mucusal lysozyme activity (24–38%) and protein level (70–96%) were higher in fish fed GSPE-supplemented diets than the control. The highest, and lowest liver antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and gluthatione peroxidase were observed in in GSPE 600, and control groups, respectively. The findings of the present study indicated that supplementing 400 mg/kg GSPE in diet can improve growth and health condition in goldfish.
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Tang SP, Mao XL, Chen YH, Yan LL, Ye LP, Li SW. Reactive Oxygen Species Induce Fatty Liver and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Inflammation and Cell Death. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870239. [PMID: 35572532 PMCID: PMC9098816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the ultimate method for treating end-stage liver disease. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, the number of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver, a common cause of chronic liver disease, is on the rise and may become the main cause of liver transplantation in the future. With the increasing gap between the number of donor livers and patients waiting for liver transplantation and the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver, the proportion of steatosis livers among non-standard donor organs is also increasing. Ischemia-reperfusion injury has historically been the focus of attention in the liver transplantation process, and severe ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to adverse outcomes of liver transplantation. Studies have shown that the production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Furthermore, the sensitivity of fatty liver transplantation to ischemia-reperfusion injury has been suggested to be related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. In ischemia-reperfusion injury, Kupffer cell and macrophage activation along with mitochondrial damage and the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system promote marked reactive oxygen species production and the inflammatory response and apoptosis, resulting in liver tissue injury. The increased levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation products, vicious circle of ROS and oxidative stress along with mitochondrial dysfunction promoted the progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver. In contrast to the non-fatty liver, a non-alcoholic fatty liver produces more reactive oxygen species and suffers more serious oxidative stress when subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. We herein review the effects of reactive oxygen species on ischemia-reperfusion injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver injury as well as highlight several treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-ping Tang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xin-li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ya-hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ling-ling Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Li-ping Ye
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Li-ping Ye, ; Shao-wei Li,
| | - Shao-wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Li-ping Ye, ; Shao-wei Li,
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Piao C, Jiao Z, Ma Y, Wang Y, Liu T, Xu J, Wang H. Effect of conditioned medium from adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells on endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism after hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and hepatectomy in swine. Life Sci 2022; 289:120212. [PMID: 34896163 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is associated with liver failure after liver transplantation and hepatectomy. Thus, this study aims to explore the effect of conditioned medium from adipose derived stem cells (ADSC-CM) on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and lipid metabolism after HIRI combined with hepatectomy in miniature pigs. MAIN METHODS A model of HIRI combined with hepatectomy in miniature pigs was established. The expression of ERS-related proteins and lipid metabolism related genes, as well as triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) level were measured in liver tissues. KEY FINDINGS Both ADSCs and ADSC-CM could improve the damage in the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. ADSC-CM significantly decreased the protein expression of GRP78, ATF6, XBP1, p-eIF2α, ATF4, p-JNK and CHOP. Oil red O staining revealed that the degree of hepatocyte steatosis was also significantly reduced after treatment with ADSC-CM. In addition, ADSC-CM remarkably decreased TG, TC, HDL and ACC1 level in liver tissues, while enhanced VLDL content. Finally, SREBP1, SCAP, FASN, ACC1, HMGCR and HMGCS1 mRNA expression was also markedly downregulated in liver tissues. SIGNIFICANCE Injection of ADSC-CM into the hepatic parenchymal could represent a novel cell-free therapeutic approach to improve HIRI combined with hepatectomy injury. The inhibition of ERS and the improvement of lipid metabolism in the hepatocytes might be a potential mechanism used by ADSC-CM to prevent liver injury from HIRI combined with hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chenxi Piao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhihui Jiao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yajun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Yan L, Luo H, Li X, Li Y. d-Pinitol protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulation of AFT4-CHOP/GRP78 and caspase-3 signaling pathways. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211032098. [PMID: 34275383 PMCID: PMC8287360 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211032098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major unavoidable clinical problem
often accompanying various liver surgery and transplantation.
d-Pinitol, a cyclic polyol, exhibits hepatoprotective efficacy. The
objective of this study is to determine the possible mechanism of action of
pinitol against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulation-mediated hepatic
IRI and compare its effects with thymoquinone (TQ) in experimental rats. Male
Sprague Dawley rats were pre-treated orally with either vehicle (DMSO) or
d-Pinitol (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) or TQ (30 mg/kg) for 21 days and
subjected to 60 min of partial hepatic ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion.
Pre-treatment with pinitol (10 and 20 mg/kg) effectively
(P < 0.05) protected against
IRI-induced hepatic damage reflected by attenuation of elevated oxidative stress
and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, western blot and ELISA analyses
suggested that pinitol significantly
(P < 0.05) down-regulated expression of
endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptotic markers, namely glucose-regulated protein
(GRP)-78, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), activating
transcription factor (AFT)-4 and -6α, X-box binding protein-1, and caspase-3, 9,
and 12. Additionally, pinitol pre-treatment effectively
(P < 0.05) improved mitochondrial
function and phosphorylation of Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2
and p38. Pinitol markedly (P < 0.05)
protected hepatic apoptosis determined by flow cytometry. Further, pinitol
provided effective (P < 0.05) protection
against hepatic histological and ultrastructural aberrations induced by IRI. TQ
showed more pronounced protective effect against attenuation of IRI-induced
hepatic injury as compared to d-Pinitol. Pinitol offered protection
against endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38,
thereby inhibiting AFT4-CHOP/GRP78 signaling response and caspase-3 induced
hepatocellular apoptosis during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion insults. Thus,
Pinitol can be considered as a viable option for the management of hepatic
IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Clinical Experimental Centre, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, China
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Kyriakopoulos G, Valsami G, Tsalikidis C, Pitiakoudis M, Tsaroucha AK. Use of natural anti-oxidants in experimental animal models of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:592-599. [PMID: 33304570 PMCID: PMC7708685 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a clinical challenge in liver surgery, trauma and transplantation, contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thus, its impact, not only on the liver itself but also on remote tissues, has been studied during the last years. Different natural anti-oxidant substances have been researched in animal models, implementing different times of ischemia, aiming to test new therapeutic interventions. Objective A literature review has been conducted with two goals: (1) to identify different natural anti-oxidants studied in experimental models; and (2) to summarize the various times of ischemia employed. Methods Scientific papers published in PubMed for the period 2000–2020 were searched and reviewed. Results More than 30 natural anti-oxidants have been tested. The time of ischemia ranged from 15 to 90 min with 60 min used most frequently, followed by 45 min. No studies were found with time exceeding 90 min. Conclusions A significant number of research has been conducted on the use and protective effect of natural anti-oxidants in experimental animal models. Based on the published papers, 45–60 min seems to be the optimal duration of ischemia. Liver IRI is a multifactorial and complex process, involving many mechanisms, cells and mediators. Even though, most of these mechanisms have not been completely understood, several substances have been tested in experimental models in order to determine their protective or destructive role. Antioxidant therapy is a promising therapeutic pathway that can ameliorate the impact of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Non-pharmaceutical, natural extracts are increasingly gaining their place into the therapeutic options of physicians, in an attempt to avoid various adverse effects that the chemical drugs can cause. New unexplored research areas may include different strains of rats, more studies in larger mammals of comparable anatomy to humans, experiments on different liver diseases, publishing negative results regarding toxic doses of natural antioxidants, and testing different ischemia times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kyriakopoulos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Tsalikidis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michail Pitiakoudis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Gupta M, Dey S, Marbaniang D, Pal P, Ray S, Mazumder B. Grape seed extract: having a potential health benefits. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 57:1205-1215. [PMID: 32180617 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Grapes are one of the most highly consumed fruits across the world. In ancient Europe the leaves and the sap of grape plants has been used in traditional treatment for ages. Besides being a wellspring for vitamins and fibre, the skin and seeds of grapes are highly rich in Polyphenols specifically proanthocyanidins, which can be used as a functional ingredient to address various health issues by boosting the natural bio-processes of the body. Since, grape seeds are by product of wine making companies therefore can be easily procured. The present review article briefly describes the various pharmacological activities of grape seed extract and different experimental studies were done which supports the beneficial health qualities of the extract. Through different and various studies, it was proved that the proanthocyanidin rich grape seed extract provides benefits against many diseases i.e. inflammation, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, peptic ulcer, microbial infections, etc. Therefore, beside from using it as a nutraceutical or cosmeceutical, as a result they may have a potential to substitute or complement in currently used drugs in the treatment of diseases by developing it into other successful pharmaceutical formulations for better future prospective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Gupta
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Sanjay Dey
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences, Banitabla, Ulberia, Howrah, West Bengal India
| | - Daphisha Marbaniang
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Paulami Pal
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Subhabrata Ray
- B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal India
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam India
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Yogalakshmi B, Sathiya Priya C, Anuradha CV. Grape seed proanthocyanidins and metformin combination attenuate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats subjected to nutrition excess. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:174-183. [PMID: 29482356 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1444058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver is a pathological outcome of nutrient excess and is suggested to be one of the hits for progressive liver injury. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) and metformin (MET) alone or in combination can relieve hepatic ER stress induced in rats subjected to calorie excess. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were given high calorie diet (HCD) for 45 days, while GSP (100 mg/kg body weight) and MET (50 mg/kg body weight) were administered either alone or in combination for last 15 days. RESULTS GSP, MET or both had reduced the levels of ER stress markers and chaperons, and suppressed the activation of lipogenic and inflammatory mediators in rat liver. DISCUSSION Though GSP and MET had reduced ER stress and inflammation individually, combination treatment with GSP + MET was more effective. CONCLUSION We suggest intervention with GSP and MET intake has to be considered for the management of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Yogalakshmi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar , India
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Ouyang M, Luo Z, Zhang W, Zhu D, Lu Y, Wu J, Yao X. Protective effect of curcumin against irinotecan‑induced intestinal mucosal injury via attenuation of NF‑κB activation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1376-1386. [PMID: 30968152 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT‑11) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor which is widely used in clinical chemotherapy, particularly for colorectal cancer treatment. However, late‑onset diarrhea is one of the severe side‑effects of this drug and this restricts its clinical application. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of curcumin treatment on CPT‑11‑induced intestinal mucosal injury both in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate the related mechanisms involved in these effects. For this purpose, mice were intraperitoneally injected with CPT‑11 (75 mg/kg) for 4 days to establish a model of late‑onset diarrhea. Curcumin (100 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered 8 days before the injection of CPT‑11. Injury to small intestinal tissues was examined by H&E staining. The protein expression of prolyl 4‑hydroxylase subunit beta (P4HB) and peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) was detected by immunohistochemistry, as well as western blot analysis. IEC‑6 cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the cell apoptotic rate, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the localization of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB. The levels of cleaved caspase‑3, glucose‑regulated protein, 78 kDa (GRP78), P4HB, PRDX4 and CHOP were detected by western blot analysis. The results revealed that in vivo, curcumin effectively attenuated the symptoms of diarrhea and abnormal intestinal mucosa structure induced by CPT‑11 in nude mice. Treatment with curcumin also increased the expression of P4HB and PRDX4 in the tissue of the small intestine. In vitro, curcumin, exhibited little cytotoxicity when used at concentrations <2.5 µg/ml for 24 h in IEC‑6 cells. At this concentration, curcumin also improved cell morphology, inhibited apoptosis, maintained mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced the elevated levels of ROS induced by CPT‑11 (20 µg/ml). Furthermore, curcumin abolished NF‑κB signal transduction and protected the cells from CPT‑11‑induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of molecular chaperones, such as GRP78, P4HB and PRDX4, and suppressing the levels of the apoptosis‑related proteins, CHOP and cleaved caspase‑3. On the whole, our data indicate that curcumin exerted protective effects against CPT‑11‑induced intestinal mucosa injury. The protective effects of curcumin are mediated by inhibiting the activation of NF‑κB, and suppressing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhao Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Zhentao Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Dajian Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Jinhao Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates AflatoxinB₁-Induced Immunotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in Broilers. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11010023. [PMID: 30621062 PMCID: PMC6356337 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely spread mycotoxin contaminates food and feed, causing severe oxidative stress damages and immunotoxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPE), a natural antioxidant with wide range of pharmacological and medicinal properties. The goal of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of GSPE against AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress via NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. For the experiment, 240 one-day old Cobb chicks were allocated into four dietary treatment groups of six replicates (10 birds per replicate): 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + AFB1 1mg/kg contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg (GSPE); 4. Basal diet + AFB1 1 mg/kg + GSPE 250 mg/kg (AFB1 + GSPE). The results showed that GSPE significantly decreased serum inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 induced by AFB1. Similarly, GSPE + AFB1 treated group revealed a significant decrease in mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the splenic tissue compared to the AFB1 treatment group. In addition, western blotting results manifested that GSPE treatment normalized the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p65) and the degradation of IκBα protein induced by AFB1. Furthermore, GSPE enhanced the antioxidant defense system through activating the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling pathway. The mRNA and protein expression level of Nrf2 and its down streaming associated genes were noted up-regulated by the addition of GSPE, and down-regulated in the AFB1 group. Taken together, GSPE alleviates AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage by inhibiting the NF-κB and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways in broiler chickens. Conclusively, our results suggest that GSPE could be considered as a potential natural agent for the prevention of AFB1-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage.
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Cui HX, Chen JH, Li JW, Cheng FR, Yuan K. Protection of Anthocyanin from Myrica rubra against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Modulation of the TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 Pathways. Molecules 2018; 23:E1788. [PMID: 30036952 PMCID: PMC6099489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myrica rubra (MR) is rich in anthocyanins, and it has good anti-cancer, anti-aging, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. The proportion of disability and death caused by ischemic stroke gradually increased, becoming a major disease that is harmful to human health. However, research on effects of anthocyanin from MR on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is rare. In this study, we prepared eight purified anthocyanin extracts (PAEs) from different types of MR, and examined the amounts of total anthocyanin (TA) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C-3-G). After one week of PAE treatment, the cerebral infarction volume, disease damage, and contents of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were reduced, while the level of superoxide dismutase was increased in I/R mice. Altogether, our results show that Boqi¹ MR contained the most TA (22.07%) and C-3-G (21.28%), and that PAE isolated from Dongkui MR can protect the brain from I/R injury in mice, with the mechanism possibly related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Ji-Hong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jing-Wan Li
- Forestry and biotechnology College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Fang-Rong Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Ke Yuan
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhu'ji 311800, China.
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17
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Ali Rajput S, Sun L, Zhang N, Mohamed Khalil M, Gao X, Ling Z, Zhu L, Khan FA, Zhang J, Qi D. Ameliorative Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Biochemical Constituents, Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110371. [PMID: 29140290 PMCID: PMC5705986 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxicosis is a grave threat to the poultry industry. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants showed a great potential in enhancing the immune system; hence, protecting animals against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) one of the most well-known and powerful antioxidants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of GSPE in the detoxification of AFB1 in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments of six replicates (10 birds per replicate), fed ad libitum for four weeks with the following dietary treatments: 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + 1 mg/kg AFB1 contaminated corn (AFB1); 3. Basal diet + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (GSPE 250 mg/kg) 4. Basal diet + AFB1 (1 mg/kg) + GSPE 250 mg/kg; (AFB1 + GSPE 250 mg/kg) 5. Basal diet + AFB1 (1mg/kg) + GSPE 500 mg/kg, (AFB1 + GSPE 500 mg/kg). When compared with the control group, feeding broilers with AFB1 alone significantly reduced growth performance, serum immunoglobulin contents, negatively altered serum biochemical contents, and enzyme activities, and induced histopathological lesion in the liver. In addition, AFB1 significantly increased malondialdehyde content and decreased total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase activities, and glutathione concentration within the liver and serum. The supplementation of GSPE (250 and 500 mg/kg) to AFB1 contaminated diet reduced AFB1 residue in the liver and significantly mitigated AFB1 negative effects. From these results, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of GSPE has protective effects against aflatoxicosis caused by AFB1 in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lvhui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Niya Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Benha, Kalubia 13736, Egypt.
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhao Ling
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Luoyi Zhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Jiacai Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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18
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Wang X, Jia D, Zhang J, Wang W. Grape seed proanthocyanidins protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK/eIF2α pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9189-9196. [PMID: 29039545 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‑mediated apoptosis caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes along with its potential mechanisms. H9C2 cardiomyocytes underwent hypoxia for 3 h followed by reoxygenation for 3 h. Different doses of GSPs (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) were administered 30 min before hypoxia. Cell viability was assessed, as well as lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, cell apoptosis rate, expression levels of glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP‑homologous protein (CHOP), protein kinase RNA‑like ER kinase (PERK), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor‑2 (eIF2α) mRNA and protein. The results revealed that GSPs improved cell viability, reduced LDH activity and reduced the apoptosis rate in cells subjected to H/R, and that the protective effect was most significant when 100 µg/ml in GSPs was administered. GSPs treatment also decreased mRNA and protein expression of GRP78, CHOP, eIF2α and the level of the phosphorylated form of PERK. Furthermore, GSPs displayed a similar protective effect to that of established ER stress inhibitor 4‑phenyl butyric acid. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that GSPs may protect H9C2 cardiomyocytes from H/R injury by decreasing ER stress‑mediated apoptosis through the suppression of the PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Juncheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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19
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Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins: occurrence, dietary intake and pharmacological effects. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1244-1262. [PMID: 27646690 PMCID: PMC5429339 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are a heterogeneous group of high MW, water-soluble, polyphenolic compounds, naturally present in cereals, leguminous seeds and, predominantly, in many fruits and vegetables, where they provide protection against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors. Tannins exert several pharmacological effects, including antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity as well as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-nutritional and cardio-protective properties. They also seem to exert beneficial effects on metabolic disorders and prevent the onset of several oxidative stress-related diseases. Although the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic data for these phytochemicals are still sparse, gut absorption of these compounds seems to be inversely correlated with the degree of polymerization. Further studies are mandatory to better clarify how these molecules and their metabolites are able to cross the intestinal barrier in order to exert their biological properties. This review summarizes the current literature on tannins, focusing on the main, recently proposed mechanisms of action that underlie their pharmacological and disease-prevention properties, as well as their bioavailability, safety and toxicology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
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Antioxidant Properties and Oxidative Transformation of Different Chromone Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040588. [PMID: 28383511 PMCID: PMC6153751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increase in the application of natural products for the prevention of different disorders or adjuvant substances next to pharmacological treatment. Phytochemicals include different chromone derivatives, which possess a wide spectrum of biological activity. The aim of the present study was the investigation of the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and oxidative transformation of nine chromone derivatives. First, we investigated the radical scavenging activity (ABTS), the oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the investigated molecules. The cytotoxic effects of the compounds were tested on H9c2 cell cultures by the MTT assay. Each compound showed a significant ORAC value compared to the reference. However, the compound 865 possess significantly higher FRAP and ABTS activity in comparison with the reference and other tested molecules, respectively. Based on these assays, the compound 865 was selected for further analysis. In these experiments, we investigated the oxidative metabolism of the compound in vitro. The molecule was oxidized by the Fenton reaction, artificial porphyrin and electrochemistry; then, the formed products were identified by mass spectrometry. Four possible metabolites were detected. The results revealed the compound 865 to possess good antioxidant properties and to be stable metabolically; hence, it is worth investigating its effects in vivo.
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Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins: occurrence, dietary intake and pharmacological effects. Br J Pharmacol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.13630 pmid: 27646690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
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Long M, Zhang Y, Li P, Yang SH, Zhang WK, Han JX, Wang Y, He JB. Intervention of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on the Subchronic Immune Injury in Mice Induced by Aflatoxin B1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:516. [PMID: 27070584 PMCID: PMC4848972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the prevention of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on the subchronic immune injury induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and the possible ameliorating effect of GSPE in mice. The subchronic AFB1-induced immune injury mice model was set up with the continuous administration of 100 μg/kg body weight (BW) AFB1 for six weeks by intragastric administration. Then, intervention with different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg BW) of GSPE was conducted on mice to analyze the changes of body weight, immune organ index, antioxidant capability of spleen, serum immunoglobulin content, and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines. The prevention of GSPE on the immune injury induced by AFB1 was studied. The GSPE could relieve the AFB1-induced reduction of body weight gain and the atrophy of the immune organ. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level of the spleen in the AFB1 model group significantly increased, but levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly decreased. The GSPE could significantly inhibit the oxidative stress injury of the spleen induced by AFB1. AFB1 exposure could not significantly change the contents of IgA, IgG, or IgM. AFB1 significantly improved the expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Additionally, GSPE could decrease the expression of these four proinflammatory factors to different degrees and inhibit the inflammatory reaction of mice. The results suggest that GSPE alleviates AFB1-induced oxidative stress and significantly improves the immune injury of mice induced by AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Shu-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Wen-Kui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jian-Xin Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jian-Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Ageing-Associated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Are Alleviated by Products from Grapes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6236309. [PMID: 27034739 PMCID: PMC4789514 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6236309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age is associated with increased incidence of a variety of chronic disease states which share oxidative stress and inflammation as causative role players. Furthermore, data point to a role for both cumulative oxidative stress and low grade inflammation in the normal ageing process, independently of disease. Therefore, arguably the best route with which to address premature ageing, as well as age-associated diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dementia, is preventative medicine aimed at modulation of these two responses, which are intricately interlinked. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the literature on the communication of these systems in the context of ageing, but with inclusion of relevant data obtained in other models. In doing so, we attempted to more clearly elucidate or identify the most probable cellular or molecular targets for preventative intervention. In addition, given the absence of a clear pharmaceutical solution in this context, together with the ever-increasing consumer bias for natural medicine, we provide an overview of the literature on grape (Vitis vinifera) derived products, for which beneficial effects are consistently reported in the context of both oxidative stress and inflammation.
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