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Xu Z, Li Y, Pi P, Yi Y, Tang H, Zhang Z, Xiong H, Lei B, Shi Y, Li J, Sun Z. B. glomerulata promotes neuroprotection against ischemic stroke by inhibiting apoptosis through the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155817. [PMID: 39029135 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Blum) Regel (B.glomerulata) is recognized as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) primarily used for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis. It is frequently utilized in the treatment of injuries resulting from falls and bumps. PURPOSE Despite its effective use in clinical treatment for ischemic stroke (IS), there are currently no reports on its composition and mechanism of action, which affects its promotion. The study investigated the chemical components and molecular mechanisms of B.glomerulata, with the following components: UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacology Analysis and experimental verification in vivo and vitro. METHODS The effect of B.glomerulata on interfering with ischemic stroke was assessed on MCAO/R rats and ORD cell model. Then the compositional analysis was conducted using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Furthermore, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were explored to identify potential targets and pathways. The predicted mechanisms of action were ultimately confirmed by immunohistochemistry and protein blotting. RESULTS B. glomerulata exhibited neuroprotective effects in MCAO/R rats by reductions in hippocampal and cortical neuronal damage, brain infarction, and cerebral edema. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that it decreased ROS and MDA levels, increased SOD and GSH levels, thereby inhibiting oxidative stress. Moreover, the improvements in neuronal morphology and the modulation of Nissl bodies suggested a potential mechanism underlying its neuroprotective action. Additionally, B.glomerulata exhibited concentration-dependent reductions in Bax and Caspase-3 expressions, along with increases in GFAP, Bcl2/Bax ratio, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR levels. CONCLUSION B.glomerulata exhibited neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury both in vivo and in vitro. It prevented oxidative stress damage and inhibited apoptosis of ischemic stroke through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Institute (College) of Integrated Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Yang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Penglai Pi
- Institute (College) of Integrated Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Yujuan Yi
- Institute (College) of Integrated Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Hong Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Huijiang Xiong
- Liuzhi Special District People's Hospital, 553402, Liupanshui, China
| | - Boming Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Institute (College) of Integrated Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China.
| | - Jia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116011, Dalian, China.
| | - Zheng Sun
- Institute (College) of Integrated Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China.
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Zhang P, Li J, Miao Y, Zhao X, Zhu L, Yao J, Wan M, Tang W. Sheng-Jiang powder ameliorates NAFLD via regulating intestinal microbiota in mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387401. [PMID: 38860223 PMCID: PMC11163104 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal microbiota have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of NAFLD, while the relationship between the severity of NAFLD and intestinal microbiota is still not fully elucidated. Sheng-Jiang Powder (SJP) showed exact efficacy in treating SFL and great potential in regulating intestinal microbiota, but the effects need to be further addressed in NASH and liver fibrosis. Objectives To investigate the differences in intestinal microbiota of NAFLD with different severity and the effect of SJP on liver damage and intestinal microbiota. Design NAFLD mice models with different severity were induced by high-fat diet (HFD) or choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD) feeding and then treated with SJP/normal saline. Methods Biochemical blood tests, H&E/Masson/Oil Red O/IHC staining, Western blot, and 16SrDNA sequencing were performed to explore intestinal microbiota alteration in different NAFLD models and the effect of SJP on liver damage and intestinal microbiota. Results Intestinal microbiota alteration was detected in all NAFLD mice. SJP induced increased expression of Pparγ and alleviated liver lipid deposition in all NAFLD mice. Microbiome analysis revealed obvious changes in intestinal microbiota composition, while SJP significantly elevated the relative abundance of Roseburia and Akkermansia, which were demonstrated to be beneficial for improving inflammation and intestinal barrier function. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that SJP was effective in improving lipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, especially in mice with SFL. The potential mechanism may be associated with the regulation of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Miao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianlin Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lv Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenfu Tang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ge Y, Bruno M, Nash MS, Coates NH, Chorley BN, Cave MC, Beier JI. Vinyl chloride enhances high-fat diet-induced proteome alterations in the mouse pancreas related to metabolic dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 2023; 193:103-114. [PMID: 36892438 PMCID: PMC10176240 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in physiological processes in pancreas have been associated with various metabolic dysfunctions and can result from environmental exposures, such as chemicals and diet. It was reported that environmental vinyl chloride (VC) exposure, a common industrial organochlorine and environmental pollutant, significantly exacerbated metabolic-related phenotypes in mice fed concurrently with high-fat diet (HFD) but not low-fat diet (LFD). However, little is known about the role of the pancreas in this interplay, especially at a proteomic level. The present study was undertaken to examine the protein responses to VC exposure in pancreas tissues of C57BL/6J mice fed LFD or HFD, with focus on the investigation of protein expression and/or phosphorylation levels of key protein biomarkers of carbohydrate, lipid, and energy metabolism, oxidative stress and detoxification, insulin secretion and regulation, cell growth, development, and communication, immunological responses and inflammation, and biomarkers of pancreatic diseases and cancers. We found that the protein alterations may indicate diet-mediated susceptibility in mouse pancreas induced by HFD to concurrent exposure of low levels of inhaled VC. These proteome biomarkers may lead to a better understanding of pancreas-mediated adaptive or adverse response and susceptibility to metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ge
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Maribel Bruno
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Maliha S Nash
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Najwa Haykal Coates
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Brian N Chorley
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Singh B, Kumar A, Singh H, Kaur S, Arora S, Singh B. Protective effect of vanillic acid against diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by attenuating oxidative stress and upregulation of NF-κB, TNF-α and COX-2 proteins in rats. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1338-1352. [PMID: 35088468 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is the most prevalent disorder in the world characterized by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels and nephropathy is one of the chief complications allied with hyperglycemia. Vanillic acid; the main bioactive compound derived from natural sources such as vegetables, fruits and plants possesses various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative. The current study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of vanillic acid by its various pharmacological activities. Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg)/nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in rats. Oral administration of vanillic acid once daily for 6 weeks (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the hyperglycemia, increased liver enzymes and normalized lipid profile that was altered in diabetic rats. Moreover, vanillic acid attenuated the impaired renal function as evidenced by a reduction in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and urinary microproteinuria levels with a concomitant increase in urinary creatinine clearance in the nephropathic rats. Diabetic rats showed a marked increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide anion generation (SAG) along with decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) in the renal tissue which was ameliorated in the vanillic acid-treated rats. Histopathologically, vanillic acid treatment was associated with reduced damage with normalized structural changes in renal tissue. Furthermore, treatment groups showed the suppression of upregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and up-regulation of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in the renal tissue. In conclusion, vanillic acid's ameliorative impact on diabetic nephropathic rats may be attributed to its powerful free radical scavenging property, down-regulation of NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2 and up-regulation of Nrf-2 proteins in renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmjot Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Hasandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Thompson JA, Krajnak K, Johnston RA, Kashon ML, McKinney W, Fedan JS. High-fat western diet-consumption alters crystalline silica-induced serum adipokines, inflammatory cytokines and arterial blood flow in the F344 rat. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:12-21. [PMID: 34976743 PMCID: PMC8683385 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica reduced serum leptin and adiponectin, no effects on body or fat pad weight. HFWD-consumption altered pro-inflammatory cytokines in silica-exposed animals. Silica altered pulse frequency; HFWD increased mean blood flow; effects additive. HFWD affected silica-induced metabolic effects.
Adipose tissue (AT) plays a central role in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis through release of adipokines. High-fat Western diet (HFWD)-consumption contributes to obesity, disruption of adipocyte metabolism, chronic systemic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction (MetDys). MetDys is associated with impaired lung function, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma. Thirty-five percent of adults in the U.S. have MetDys, yet the impact of MetDys on susceptibility to occupational hazards is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of HFWD-consumption to alter inhaled crystalline silica dust-induced metabolic responses. Six-wk old male F344 rats were fed a HFWD (45 kcal % fat, sucrose 22.2 % by weight) or standard rat chow (STD, controls), and exposed to silica-inhalation (6 h/d, 5 d/wk, 39 d; Min-U-Sil 5®, 15 mg/m3) or filtered air. Indices of MetDys and systemic inflammation were measured at 0, 4, and 8 wk following cessation of silica exposure. At 8 wk post-exposure, silica reduced serum leptin and adiponectin levels, and increased arterial pulse frequency. HFWD-consumption induced weight gain, altered adipokines, liver, kidney, and pancreatic function, and increased tail artery blood flow. At 8 wk in HFWD + SIL-treated animals, the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, CXCL-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13) were increased compared to STD + SIL but were less than HFWD + AIR-induced levels. In conclusion, consumption of a HFWD altered silica-induced metabolic responses and silica exposure disrupted AT endocrine function. These findings demonstrate previously unknown interactions between HFWD-consumption and occupational silica exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Thompson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Kristine Krajnak
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Richard A Johnston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Walter McKinney
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Fedan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
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Emodin attenuates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury by suppressing pancreatic exosome-mediated alveolar macrophage activation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:3986-4003. [PMID: 36213542 PMCID: PMC9532455 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (SAP-ALI) is a serious disease associated with high mortality. Emodin has been applied to alleviate SAP-ALI; however, the mechanism remains unclear. We report that the therapeutic role of emodin in attenuating SAP-ALI is partly dependent on an exosomal mechanism. SAP rats had increased levels of plasma exosomes with altered protein contents compared to the sham rats. These infused plasma exosomes tended to accumulate in the lungs and promoted the hyper-activation of alveolar macrophages and inflammatory damage. Conversely, emodin treatment decreased the plasma/pancreatic exosome levels in the SAP rats. Emodin-primed exosomes showed less pro-inflammatory effects in alveolar macrophages and lung tissues than SAP exosomes. In detail, emodin-primed exosomes suppressed the NF-κB pathway to reduce the activation of alveolar macrophage and ameliorate lung inflammation by regulating PPARγ pathway, while these effects were amplified/abolished by PPARγ agonist/antagonist. Blockage of pancreatic acinar cell exosome biogenesis also exhibited suppression of alveolar macrophage activation and reduction of lung inflammation. This study suggests a vital role of exosomes in participating inflammation-associated organ-injury, and indicates emodin can attenuate SAP-ALI by reducing the pancreatic exosome-mediated alveolar macrophage activation.
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Luo Y, Li Z, Ge P, Guo H, Li L, Zhang G, Xu C, Chen H. Comprehensive Mechanism, Novel Markers and Multidisciplinary Treatment of Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Cardiac Injury - A Narrative Review. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3145-3169. [PMID: 34285540 PMCID: PMC8286248 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s310990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the common acute abdominal inflammatory diseases in clinic with acute onset and rapid progress. About 20% of the patients will eventually develop into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) characterized by a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration, gland flocculus flaky necrosis and hemorrhage, finally inducing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Pancreatic enzyme activation, intestinal endotoxemia (IETM), cytokine activation, microcirculation disturbance, autonomic nerve dysfunction and autophagy dysregulation all play an essential role in the occurrence and progression of SAP. Organ dysfunction is the main cause of early death in SAP. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute lung injury (ALI) are common, while cardiac injury (CI) is not, but the case fatality risk is high. Many basic studies have observed obvious ultrastructure change of heart in SAP, including myocardial edema, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial interstitial collagen deposition. Moreover, in clinical practice, patients with SAP often presented various abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac function. Cases complicated with acute myocardial infarction and pericardial tamponade have also been reported and even result in stress cardiomyopathy. Due to the molecular mechanisms underlying SAP-associated cardiac injury (SACI) remain poorly understood, and there is no complete, unified treatment and sovereign remedy at present, this article reviews reports referring to the pathogenesis, potential markers and treatment methods of SACI in recent years, in order to improve the understanding of cardiac injury in severe pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaLan Luo
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhaoXia Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - HaoYa Guo
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - GuiXin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - CaiMing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiLong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Nie C, Yu H, Wang X, Li X, Wei Z, Shi X. Pro-inflammatory effect of obesity on rats with burn wounds. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10499. [PMID: 33354433 PMCID: PMC7731656 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A burn is an inflammatory injury to the skin or other tissue due to contact with thermal, radioactive, electric, or chemical agents. Burn injury is an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Obesity is a significant public health problem, often causing underlying systemic inflammation. Studying the combined impact of burn injuries on obese patients has become critical to the successful treatment of these patients. The aim of this paper is to highlight the effect of inflammation associated with burn injuries on several body weight group in a rat study. Materials and methods Different degrees of obesity and burns were established in rats and divided into a normal weight group, overweight group, obese group, second-degree burn group, third-degree burn group, over-weight second-degree burn group, over-weight third-degree burn group, obese second-degree burn group, and obese third-degree burn group (20 rats per group). Changes in inflammatory factors and growth factor were measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after burns were inflicted. Results The ELISA test showed that in the unburned control group, MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α protein expressions in the obese and over-weight groups were higher than the normal-weight group (P < 0.05). RT-PCR test showed that the expressions of MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α genes in the obese group were higher compared to the overweight and normal weight groups (P < 0.05). Three and 7 days after burns were inflicted, the level of VEGF in the normal weight group was higher than the obese group (P < 0.05), however increased VEGF was not observed on days 1 and 14. Conclusion Burn injury and obesity have a mutually synergistic effect on the body’s inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huiting Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiahong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zairong Wei
- Burns & Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Effect of Sheng-Jiang Powder on Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6697638. [PMID: 33293992 PMCID: PMC7714571 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6697638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an alarming global health problem that is predicted to be the major cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation by next decade. Gut microbiota have been revealed playing an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Sheng-Jiang Powder (SJP), an empirical Chinese medicine formula to treat NAFLD, showed great hepatoprotective properties, but the impact on gut microbiota has never been identified. Therefore, we performed this study to investigate the effect of SJP on gut microbiota in NAFLD mice. Methods NAFLD was induced by 12 weeks' high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Mice were treated with SJP/normal saline daily for 6 weeks. Blood samples were obtained for serum biochemical indices and inflammatory cytokines measurement. Liver tissues were obtained for pathological evaluation and oil red O staining. The expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was quantified by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Changes in gut microbiota composition were analyzed by the 16s rDNA sequencing technique. Results HFD feeding induced significant increase in bodyweight and serum levels of TG, TC, ALT, and AST. The pathological examination revealed obvious hepatic steatosis in HFD feeding mice. Coadministration of SJP effectively protected against bodyweight increase and lipid accumulation in blood and liver. Increased expression of PPARγ mRNA was observed in HFD feeding mice, but a steady elevation of PPARγ protein level was only found in SJP-treated mice. Meanwhile, the expression of FASN was much higher in HFD feeding mice. Microbiome analysis revealed obvious changes in gut microbiota composition among diverse groups. SJP treatment modulated the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacteria, including norank-f-Erysipelotrichaceae and Roseburia. Conclusions SJP is efficient in attenuating HFD-induced NAFLD, and it might be partly attributed to the regulation of gut microbiota.
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Yi XL, Hu J, Wu QT, Zhang YM, Hu Q, Yuan L, Miao YF, Chen H, Zhu L, Li J, Zhao XL, Yao JQ, Dai XY, Wan MH, Tang WF. Effect of Different-Volume Fluid Resuscitation on Organ Functions in Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Therapeutic Effect of Poria cocos. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:6408202. [PMID: 33628293 PMCID: PMC7895597 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6408202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of different-volume fluid resuscitation (FR) on organ functions in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and to elucidate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Poria cocos on organ injuries caused by high-volume FR. METHODS 1. Clinical study: retrospective analysis of thirty-one patients about the effect of titrated fluid resuscitation protocol (TFR) on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to SAP. 2. Experimental study: rats (N = 30) were randomly divided into five groups: sham, model, low-volume FR (1.5 ml/kg/h), high-volume FR (10 ml/kg/h), and Poria cocos combined with high-volume FR (10 ml/kg/h + intraintestinal administration Poria cocos 5 g/kg); serum or plasma indicators and histopathologic scores were compared to explore the effect and mechanism of different fluid volumes and Poria cocos on organ function in SAP. RESULTS The occurrence of AKI, fluid volume, and fluid velocity in TFR group was lower than that in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that increased Marshall scores and fluid velocity were risk factors for predicting occurrence of AKI in SAP. Low-volume FR decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and pathologic scores of the pancreas and kidney. High-volume FR increased ascites, MMPs, and kidney pathologic scores. Poria cocos decreased the levels of BUN, Cr, MMPs, and pathologic scores of the pancreas and kidney and increased the arterial oxygen saturation. CONCLUSION TFR-associated lower fluid volume and velocity reduced the occurrence of AKI secondary to SAP. High volume might aggravate AKI via increased MMP release leading to endothelial glycocalyx damage and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Poria cocos reduced MMP release, relieved glycocalyx damage, and alleviated the pancreas and kidney injury aggravated by high fluid volume in SAP. Therefore, endothelial glycocalyx protection might be a new strategy in the treatment of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Qiu-Ting Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Fan Miao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lv Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian-Lin Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Dai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mei-Hua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen-Fu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Wang B, Lin W. Edaravone Protects against Pancreatic and Intestinal Injury after Acute Pancreatitis via Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:509-515. [PMID: 32115510 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one kind of acute surgical abdominal disease in the world. It causes intestinal damage with subsequent bacterial migration, endotoxemia and secondary pancreatic infections. In this investigation, we determined that edaravone (EDA) reduces pancreatic and intestinal injury after AP in mice. This was demonstrated by a reduction in histological score, apoptosis, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, along with obstructing activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB). Our study results suggested that EDA exerts its protective effects against pancreatic and intestinal injury after AP via regulation of the TLR4/NFκB pathway. Our findings provide the basis for EDA to treat AP-induced pancreatic and intestinal injury, even might develop as a potential therapy for other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Wendong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
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12
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Cui F, Hu HF, Guo J, Sun J, Shi M. The Effect of Autophagy on Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Ameliorating Liver Damage in Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 32082187 PMCID: PMC7002389 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Our previous study demonstrated that chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) can confer hepatic protection by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in high-fat-high-fructose induced metabolic syndrome (MS) rats. It is known that there is a functional coupling between autophagy and ERS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CIHH on autophagy function and adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPKα-mTOR) signaling pathway in hepatic tissue of MS rats. Main Methods 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into: control (CON), CIHH (treated with hypobaric hypoxia simulating 5000-m altitude for 28 days, 6 h daily), MS (induced by 16-week high fat diet and 10% fructose water feeding), and MS + CIHH groups (exposed to CIHH after 16-week MS model). Food and water intakes, body weight, Lee's index, fat coefficient, systolic arterial pressure, blood biochemicals, and histopathology of liver were measured, the expression of phosphorylated (p)-AMPK, p-mTOR, autophagy-related and ERS-related proteins were assayed in hepatic tissue. Key Findings The MS rats displayed obesity, hypertension, polydipsia, glucose and lipids metabolism disorders, increased inflammatory cytokine, hepatic tissue morphological and functional damage, and the up-regulated expressions of ERS-related, autophagy-related proteins and p-mTOR, and the down-regulated expression of p-AMPKα. All aforementioned abnormalities in MS rats were ameliorated in MS + CIHH rats. Significance In conclusion CIHH confers hepatic protection through activating AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway and the autophagy function, thus inhibiting ERS in hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cui
- Department of Electron Microscope Laboratory Centre, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Fei Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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13
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Ren YF, Wang MZ, Bi JB, Zhang J, Zhang L, Liu WM, Wei SS, Lv Y, Wu Z, Wu RQ. Irisin attenuates intestinal injury, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice with L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6653-6667. [PMID: 31832004 PMCID: PMC6906211 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i45.6653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is often associated with intestinal injury, which in turn exaggerates the progression of AP. Our recent study has shown that a low level of serum irisin, a novel exercise-induced hormone, is associated with poor outcomes in patients with AP and irisin administration protects against experimental AP. However, the role of irisin in intestinal injury in AP has not been evaluated.
AIM To investigate the effect of irisin administration on intestinal injury in experimental AP.
METHODS AP was induced in male adult mice by two hourly intraperitoneal injections of L-arginine. At 2 h after the last injection of L-arginine, irisin (50 or 250 μg/kg body weight) or 1 mL normal saline (vehicle) was administered through intraperitoneal injection. The animals were sacrificed at 72 h after the induction of AP. Intestinal injury, apoptosis, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were evaluated.
RESULTS Administration of irisin significantly mitigated intestinal damage, reduced apoptosis, and attenuated oxidative and ER stress in AP mice. In addition, irisin treatment also effectively downregulated serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels and alleviated injury in the pancreas, liver and lung of AP mice.
CONCLUSION Irisin-mediated multiple physiological events attenuate intestinal injury following an episode of AP. Irisin has a great potential to be further developed as an effective treatment for patients with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Zhou Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Bin Bi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wu-Ming Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wei
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rong-Qian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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14
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Ridwan R, Natzir R, Rasyid H, Patellongi I, Hatta M, Linggi EB, Bukhari A, Bahrun U. Decreased Renal Function Induced by High-Fat Diet in Wistar Rat: The Role of Plasma Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). BIOMEDICAL & PHARMACOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 12:1279-1287. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Researches on the effects of High Fat Diet (HFD) on decreased renal function with cystatin C (cysC) serum levels biomarker are few and show different findings. Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a key role in controlling renal function and one of the integral components of the RAS is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Research on the relationship between plasma ACE2 levels with serum cysC levels in animals induced by HFD has not been done. We hypothesize that administration of HFD can cause a decline in early stage renal function through the role of ACE2. 30 male wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks (body weight between 170-220 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 rats/group): baseline, normal diet for 8 weeks (ND8), ND for 16 weeks (ND16), HFD for 8 weeks (HFD8) and HFD for 16 weeks (HFD16). Body weight and naso-anal length were measured to get the index value of obesity and body fat percentage. Obesity index measured are lee index, rohrer index and TM index. Blood samples obtained by intracardiac for examination of plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. After 8 and 16 weeks, HFD increases body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage. HFD also increases plasma ACE2 levels and serum cysC levels. Body weight, obesity index and body fat percentage have a positive correlation with plasma ACE2 levels. Plasma ACE2 levels were positively correlated with serum cysC levels. HFD causes a decrease of early stage renal function as evidenced by the increase in serum cysC levels. Plasma ACE2 levels play a role in the pathogenesis of the decline in early stage renal function induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosdiana Natzir
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Haerani Rasyid
- 3Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. 7Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ilhamjaya Patellongi
- 4Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- 5*Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elmiana Bongga Linggi
- 6Nursing Science Study Program, Stella Maris School of Health Sciences of Higher Education, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- 7Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Uleng Bahrun
- 8Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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