1
|
Davis JC, Waltz SE. The MET Family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Promotes a Shift to Pro-Tumor Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:953. [PMID: 39062731 PMCID: PMC11275592 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of cancer is fundamentally dependent on pro-tumor changes in metabolism. Cancer cells generally shift away from oxidative phosphorylation as the primary source of energy and rely more heavily on glycolysis. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a type of receptor that is implicated in this shift to pro-tumor metabolism. RTKs are important drivers of cancer growth and metastasis. One such family of RTKs is the MET family, which consists of MET and RON (MST1R). The overexpression of either MET or RON has been associated with worse cancer patient prognosis in a variety of tumor types. Both MET and RON signaling promote increased glycolysis by upregulating the expression of key glycolytic enzymes via increased MYC transcription factor activity. Additionally, both MET and RON signaling promote increased cholesterol biosynthesis downstream of glycolysis by upregulating the expression of SREBP2-induced cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes via CTTNB1. These changes in metabolism, driven by RTK activity, provide potential targets in limiting tumor growth and metastasis via pharmacological inhibition or modifications in diet. This review summarizes pro-tumor changes in metabolism driven by the MET family of RTKs. In doing so, we will offer our unique perspective on metabolic pathways that drive worse patient prognosis and provide suggestions for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Davis
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Susan E. Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi B, Wang F, He H, Fan M, Hu L, Xiong L, Gong G, Shi S, Song X. Identification of (S)-1-(2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-((7-(3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy)-6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)-3,5-difluorophenyl)urea as a potential anti-colorectal cancer agent. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114561. [PMID: 35763868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, 1-(2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-((7-(3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy)-6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)-3,5-difluorophenyl)urea (1) was obtained as a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Further structural optimization was performed in this investigation, and a series of novel quinoline derivates were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity. Among them, compound 8m possessed nanomolar c-Met and Ron inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 4.32 nM and 2.39 nM, respectively. Kinase profile study demonstrated that it could also inhibit ABL, PDGFRβ, AXL, RET, and FLT3 with submicromolar potency. It also exhibited moderate to excellent cytotoxic activity against different types of human cancer cell lines, especially against COLO 205 cells (IC50 = 0.035 μM) which was remarkably superior to that of Cabozantinib (IC50 = 6.6 μM) and Fruquintinib (IC50 > 10.0 μM). Compared to ( ± )-8m, isomer (S)-8m and (R)-8m showed similar kinase inhibitory activity against c-Met/RON and in vitro anticancer activity against COLO 205 cells. Differently, compound (S)-8m showed an over 238-fold selectivity toward COLO 205 (IC50 = 0.042 μM) cells to FHC cells (IC50 > 10.0 μM), which indicated its low cytotoxicity against human normal tissue cells. Flow cytometry study demonstrated that compound (S)-8m could significantly induce apoptosis in COLO 205 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle arrest assays showed that compound (S)-8m could not arrest the cell-cycle progression due to the massive dead cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Mengmeng Fan
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Guowei Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Shengmin Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| |
Collapse
|