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Balit N, Cermakian N, Khadra A. The influence of circadian rhythms on CD8 + T cell activation upon vaccination: A mathematical modeling perspective. J Theor Biol 2024; 590:111852. [PMID: 38796098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have been implicated in the modulation of many physiological processes, including those associated with the immune system. For example, these rhythms influence CD8+ T cell responses within the adaptive immune system. The mechanism underlying this immune-circadian interaction, however, remains unclear, particularly in the context of vaccination. Here, we devise a molecularly-explicit gene regulatory network model of early signaling in the naïve CD8+ T cell activation pathway, comprised of three axes (or subsystems) labeled ZAP70, LAT and CD28, to elucidate the molecular details of this immune-circadian mechanism and its relation to vaccination. This is done by coupling the model to a periodic forcing function to identify the molecular players targeted by circadian rhythms, and analyzing how these rhythms subsequently affect CD8+ T cell activation under differing levels of T cell receptor (TCR) phosphorylation, which we designate as vaccine load. By performing both bifurcation and parameter sensitivity analyses on the model at the single cell and ensemble levels, we find that applying periodic forcing on molecular targets within the ZAP70 axis is sufficient to create a day-night discrepancy in CD8+ T cell activation in a manner that is dependent on the bistable switch inherent in CD8+ T cell early signaling. We also demonstrate that the resulting CD8+ T cell activation is dependent on the strength of the periodic coupling as well as on the level of TCR phosphorylation. Our results show that this day-night discrepancy is not transmitted to certain downstream molecules within the LAT subsystem, such as mTORC1, suggesting a secondary, independent circadian regulation on that protein complex. We also corroborate experimental results by showing that the circadian regulation of CD8+ T cell primarily acts at a baseline, pre-vaccination state, playing a facilitating role in priming CD8+ T cells to vaccine inputs according to the time of day. By applying an ensemble level analysis using bifurcation theory and by including several hypothesized molecular targets of this circadian rhythm, we further demonstrate an increased variability between CD8+ T cells (due to heterogeneity) induced by its circadian regulation, which may allow an ensemble of CD8+ T cells to activate at a lower vaccine load, improving its sensitivity. This modeling study thus provides insights into the immune targets of the circadian clock, and proposes an interaction between vaccine load and the influence of circadian rhythms on CD8+ T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasri Balit
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Cai R, Gao L, Gao C, Yu L, Zheng X, Bennett DA, Buchman AS, Hu K, Li P. Circadian disturbances and frailty risk in older adults. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7219. [PMID: 37973796 PMCID: PMC10654720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is characterized by diminished resilience to stressor events. It is associated with adverse future health outcomes and impedes healthy aging. The circadian system orchestrates ~24-h rhythms in bodily functions in synchrony with the day-night cycle, and disturbed circadian regulation plays an important role in many age-related health consequences. We investigated prospective associations of circadian disturbances with incident frailty in over 1000 older adults who had been followed annually for up to 16 years. We found that decreased rhythm strength, reduced stability, or increased variation were associated with a higher risk of incident frailty and faster progress of frailty over time. Perturbed circadian rest-activity rhythms may be an early sign or risk factor for frailty in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Cai
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Chenlu Gao
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Xi Zheng
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Cai R, Gao L, Gao C, Yu L, Zheng X, Bennett D, Buchman A, Hu K, Li P. Circadian disturbances and frailty risk in older adults: a prospective cohort study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2648399. [PMID: 37034594 PMCID: PMC10081385 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2648399/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is characterized by diminished resilience to stressor events. It associates with adverse future health outcomes and impedes healthy aging. The circadian system orchestrates a ~24-h rhythm in bodily functions in synchrony with the day-night cycle, and disturbed circadian regulation plays an important role in many age-related health consequences. We investigated prospective associations of circadian disturbances with incident frailty in over 1,000 older adults who had been followed annually for up to 16 years. We found that decreased rhythm strength, reduced stability, or increased variation, were associated with a higher risk of incident frailty, and faster worsening of the overall frailty symptoms over time. Perturbed circadian rest-activity rhythms may be an early sign or risk factor for frailty in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Gao
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | | | - Lei Yu
- Rush University Medical Center
| | | | | | | | - Kun Hu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Peng Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/ Harvard Medical School
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Qian J, Martinez-Lozano N, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rios R, Scheer FAJL, Garaulet M. Blunted rest-activity rhythms link to higher body mass index and inflammatory markers in children. Sleep 2021; 44:6010463. [PMID: 33249510 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Disturbances of rest-activity rhythms are associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in adults. Whether such relationship exists in children is unclear. We aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of rest-activity rhythm characteristics with BMI z-score and obesity-related inflammatory markers in school-age children. METHODS Participants included 411 healthy children (mean ± SD age 10.1 ± 1.3 years, 50.8% girls) from a Mediterranean area of Spain who wore wrist accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Metrics of rest-activity rhythm were derived using both parametric and nonparametric approaches. Obesity-related inflammatory markers were measured in saliva (n = 121). RESULTS In a multivariable-adjusted model, higher BMI z-score is associated with less robust 24-h rest-activity rhythms as represented by lower relative amplitude (-0.16 [95% CI -0.29, -0.02] per SD, p = 0.02). The association between BMI z-score and relative amplitude persisted with additional adjustment for sleep duration, and attenuated after adjustment for daytime activity level. Less robust rest-activity rhythms were related to increased levels of several salivary pro-inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, which is inversely associated with relative amplitude (-32.6% [-47.8%, -12.9%] per SD), independently of BMI z-score, sleep duration, and daytime activity level. CONCLUSION Blunted rest-activity rhythms are associated with higher BMI z-score and salivary pro-inflammatory markers already at an early age. The association with BMI z-score seem to be independent of sleep duration, and those with pro-inflammatory markers further independent of BMI z-score and daytime activity. Novel intervention targets at an early age based on improving the strength of rest-activity rhythms may help to prevent childhood obesity and related inflammation. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02895282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nuria Martinez-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Li P, Gao L, Gaba A, Yu L, Cui L, Fan W, Lim ASP, Bennett DA, Buchman AS, Hu K. Circadian disturbances in Alzheimer's disease progression: a prospective observational cohort study of community-based older adults. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2020; 1:e96-e105. [PMID: 34179863 PMCID: PMC8232345 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian disturbances are commonly seen in people with Alzheimer's disease and have been reported in individuals without symptoms of dementia but with Alzheimer's pathology. We aimed to assess the temporal relationship between circadian disturbances and Alzheimer's progression. METHODS We did a prospective cohort study of 1401 healthy older adults (aged >59 years) enrolled in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA) who had been followed up for up to 15 years. Participants underwent annual assessments of cognition (with a battery of 21 cognitive performance tests) and motor activities (with actigraphy). Four measures were extracted from actigraphy to quantify daily and circadian rhythmicity, which were amplitude of 24-h activity rhythm, acrophase (representing peak activity time), interdaily stability of 24-h activity rhythm, and intradaily variability for hourly fragmentation of activity rhythm. We used Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regressions to assess whether circadian disturbances predict an increased risk of incident Alzheimer's dementia and conversion of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia. We used linear mixed-effects models to investigate how circadian rhythms changed longitudinally and how the change integrated to Alzheimer's progression. FINDINGS Participants had a median age of 81·8 (IQR 76·3-85·7) years. Risk of developing Alzheimer's dementia was increased with lower amplitude (1 SD decrease, hazard ratio [HR] 1·39, 95% CI 1·19-1·62) and higher intradaily variability (1 SD increase, 1·22, 1·04-1·43). In participants with mild cognitive impairment, increased risk of Alzheimer's dementia was predicted by lower amplitude (1 SD decrease, HR 1·46, 95% CI 1·24-1·72), higher intradaily variability (1 SD increase, 1·36, 1·15-1·60), and lower interdaily stability (1 SD decrease, 1·21, 1·02-1·44). A faster transition to Alzheimer's dementia in participants with mild cognitive impairment was predicted by lower amplitude (1 SD decrease, odds ratio [OR] 2·08, 95% CI 1·53-2·93), increased intradaily variability (1 SD increase, 1·97, 1·43-2·79), and decreased interdaily stability (1 SD decrease, 1·35, 1·01-1·84). Circadian amplitude, acrophase, and interdaily stability progressively decreased over time, and intradaily variability progressively increased over time. Alzheimer's progression accelerated these aging effects by doubling or more than doubling the annual changes in these measures after the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, and further doubled them after the diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia. The longitudinal change of global cognition positively correlated with the longitudinal changes in amplitude and interdaily stability and negatively correlated with the longitudinal change in intradaily variability. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate a link between circadian dysregulation and Alzheimer's progression, implying either a bidirectional relation or shared common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. FUNDING National Institutes of Health, and the BrightFocus Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arlen Gaba
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Longchang Cui
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenqing Fan
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew S P Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cespedes Feliciano EM, Quante M, Weng J, Mitchell JA, James P, Marinac CR, Mariani S, Redline S, Kerr J, Godbole S, Manteiga A, Wang D, Hipp JA. Actigraphy-Derived Daily Rest-Activity Patterns and Body Mass Index in Community-Dwelling Adults. Sleep 2018; 40:4344553. [PMID: 29029250 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives To examine associations between 24-hour rest-activity patterns and body mass index (BMI) among community-dwelling US adults. Rest-activity patterns provide a field method to study exposures related to circadian rhythms. Methods Adults (N = 578) wore an actigraph on their nondominant wrist for 7 days. Intradaily variability and interdaily stability (IS), M10 (most active 10-hours), L5 (least active 5-hours), and relative amplitude (RA) were derived using nonparametric rhythm analysis. Mesor, acrophase, and amplitude were calculated from log-transformed count data using the parametric cosinor approach. Results Participants were 80% female and mean (standard deviation) age was 52 (15) years. Participants with higher BMI had lower values for magnitude, RA, IS, total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency. In multivariable analyses, less robust 24-hour rest-activity patterns as represented by lower RA were consistently associated with higher BMI: comparing the bottom quintile (least robust) to the top quintile (most robust 24-hour rest-activity pattern) of RA, BMI was 3-kg/m2 higher (p = .02). Associations were similar in magnitude to an hour less of TST (1-kg/m2 higher BMI) or a 10% decrease in sleep efficiency (2-kg/m2 higher BMI), and independent of age, sex, race, education, and the duration of rest and/or activity. Conclusions Lower RA, reflecting both higher night activity and lower daytime activity, was associated with higher BMI. Independent of the duration of rest or activity during the day or night, 24-hour rest, and activity patterns from actigraphy provide aggregated measures of activity that associate with BMI in community-dwelling adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirja Quante
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Jia Weng
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan A Mitchell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA.,Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sara Mariani
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Moores UC San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alicia Manteiga
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Wang
- Moores UC San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.,Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Abstract
In order to describe circadian temperature rhythms in relation to female ovulatory cycles, a study was conducted in which continuous rectal temperature was monitored in healthy women at two phases of their menstrual cycles. Results indicate that, in addition to an increase in the mesor, there is a significant dampening of the temperature amplitude during the luteal (postovulatory) phase compared to the follicular (preovulatory) phase. In comparison with studies of male subjects, the average acrophase for females may occur about 2 hr earlier. Results from this study provide descriptive normative data, controlling for menstrual cycle phase, to which female clinical populations can be compared. The use of circadian tempera ture rhythm as a possible noninvasive diagnostic indicator of ovulation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Lee
- Department of Physiological Nursing, N611Y, School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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8
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Saiyed R, Rand CM, Carroll MS, Koliboski CM, Stewart TM, Brogadir CD, Kenny AS, Petersen EKE, Carley DW, Weese-Mayer DE. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS): Circadian temperature variation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:300-7. [PMID: 26086998 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare neurocristopathy, which includes a control of breathing deficit and features of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation. In recognition of the fundamental role of the ANS in temperature regulation and rhythm and the lack of any prior characterization of circadian temperature rhythms in CCHS, we sought to explore peripheral and core temperatures and circadian patterning. We hypothesized that CCHS patients would exhibit lower peripheral skin temperatures (PST), variability, and circadian rhythmicity (vs. controls), as well as a disrupted relationship between core body temperature (CBT) and PST. METHODS PST was sampled every 3 min over four 24-hr periods in CCHS cases and similarly aged controls. CBT was sampled in a subset of these recordings. RESULTS PST was recorded from 25 CCHS cases (110,664 measures/230 days) and 39 controls (78,772 measures/164 days). Simultaneous CBT measurements were made from 23 CCHS patients. In CCHS, mean PST was lower overall (P = 0.03) and at night (P = 0.02), and PST variability (interquartile range) was higher at night (P = 0.05) (vs. controls). PST circadian rhythm remained intact but the phase relationship of PST to CBT rhythm was extremely variable in CCHS. CONCLUSIONS PST alterations in CCHS likely reflect altered autonomic control of peripheral vascular tone. These alterations represent a previously unreported manifestation of CCHS and may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. The relationship between temperature dysregulation and CCHS may also offer insight into basic mechanisms underlying thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Saiyed
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics (CAMP), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Casey M Rand
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics (CAMP), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael S Carroll
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics (CAMP), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cynthia M Koliboski
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics (CAMP), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tracey M Stewart
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics (CAMP), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cindy D Brogadir
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics (CAMP), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna S Kenny
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics (CAMP), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily K E Petersen
- Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David W Carley
- Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep and Health Research (CNSHR), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Debra E Weese-Mayer
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics (CAMP), Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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9
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Thomas KA, Burr RL, Spieker S. Maternal and infant activity: Analytic approaches for the study of circadian rhythm. Infant Behav Dev 2015; 41:80-7. [PMID: 26360916 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of infant and mother circadian rhythm entails choice of instruments appropriate for use in the home environment as well as selection of analytic approach that characterizes circadian rhythm. While actigraphy monitoring suits the needs of home study, limited studies have examined mother and infant rhythm derived from actigraphy. Among this existing research a variety of analyses have been employed to characterize 24-h rhythm, reducing ability to evaluate and synthesize findings. Few studies have examined the correspondence of mother and infant circadian parameters for the most frequently cited approaches: cosinor, non-parametric circadian rhythm analysis (NPCRA), and autocorrelation function (ACF). The purpose of this research was to examine analytic approaches in the study of mother and infant circadian activity rhythm. Forty-three healthy mother and infant pairs were studied in the home environment over a 72h period at infant age 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Activity was recorded continuously using actigraphy monitors and mothers completed a diary. Parameters of circadian rhythm were generated from cosinor analysis, NPCRA, and ACF. The correlation among measures of rhythm center (cosinor mesor, NPCRA mid level), strength or fit of 24-h period (cosinor magnitude and R(2), NPCRA amplitude and relative amplitude (RA)), phase (cosinor acrophase, NPCRA M10 and L5 midpoint), and rhythm stability and variability (NPCRA interdaily stability (IS) and intradaily variability (IV), ACF) was assessed, and additionally the effect size (eta(2)) for change over time evaluated. Results suggest that cosinor analysis, NPCRA, and autocorrelation provide several comparable parameters of infant and maternal circadian rhythm center, fit, and phase. IS and IV were strongly correlated with the 24-h cycle fit. The circadian parameters analyzed offer separate insight into rhythm and differing effect size for the detection of change over time. Findings inform selection of analysis and circadian parameters in the study of maternal and infant activity rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Thomas
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7262, United States.
| | - Robert L Burr
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7266, United States
| | - Susan Spieker
- Barnard Center for Infant Mental Health & Development, Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7262, United States
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10
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Sleepiness phenomics: Modeling individual differences in subjective sleepiness profiles. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:150-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Babkoff H, Kelly TL, Naitoh P. Trial-to-Trial Variance in Choice Reaction Time as a Measure of the Effect of Stimulants During Sleep Deprivation. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327876mp1301_01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Babkoff
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Paul Naitoh
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California
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12
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Walker AD, Muth ER, Odle-Dusseau HN, Moore DW, Pilcher JJ. The effects of 28 hours of sleep deprivation on respiratory sinus arrhythmia during tasks with low and high controlled attention demands. Psychophysiology 2008; 46:217-24. [PMID: 18823412 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Task performance while sleep deprived may be moderated by the controlled attention required by the task (Pilcher, Band, Odle-Dusseau, & Muth, 2007). This study examined the effects of 28 h of sleep deprivation on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during tasks with low and high controlled attention demands. The results showed that RSA increased throughout the night for both task types, but was consistently reduced during the low compared to high controlled attention tasks. The increase in RSA was linear for the high controlled attention tasks but curvilinear for the low ones. Hence, RSA followed a circadian pattern during the low controlled attention tasks but not the high ones. These results suggest that the effects of sleep deprivation on task performance may be moderated by parasympathetic activity and task type, and this has implications for task assignment during sustained operations that cause sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Walker
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Monk
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Kupfer DJ. Circadian determinants of the postlunch dip in performance. Chronobiol Int 1996; 13:123-33. [PMID: 8877121 DOI: 10.3109/07420529609037076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study compared rectal temperature rhythms in groups of subjects who either did (n = 5) or did not (n = 7) show a clear postlunch dip in performance at a monotonous (25-30 min) vigilance task. Performance was tested every 2h in a standardized routine with lunch replaced by hourly liquid food supplements. Those showing the postlunch performance dip had a higher amplitude and later peaking 12h component to their rectal temperature rhythm that those who did not, resulting in flat, rather than rising, temperatures over the 10:00-15:00 time interval. The effect could not be explained by intergroup differences in prior sleep, morningness, or gender, although there was a trend (p = 0.09) for the "dip" group to be slightly younger (21.8y vs. 24.2y). The postlunch dip appears to be an endogenous phenomenon individually determined, but related to the strength of the (12h) harmonic of the circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Monk
- Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Burr R, Hamilton P, Cowan M, Buzaitis A, Strasser MR, Sulkhanova A, Pike K. Nycthemeral profile of nonspectral heart rate variability measures in women and men. Description of a normal sample and two sudden cardiac arrest subsamples. J Electrocardiol 1994; 27 Suppl:54-62. [PMID: 7884376 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0736(94)80049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive systemic index of the central autonomic nervous system, demonstrates considerable within-subject variability, including a strong systematic 24-hour nycthemeral (or less precisely, circadian) component. Recent interest in the timing of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), especially the pronounced morning rise in sudden deaths, has motivated research into coincident dynamic phenomena in HRV indices of central autonomic nervous system activity. In this study, statistical (nonspectral) HRV measures (SD and %RR50) were summarized for consecutive 15-minute blocks from 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram tapes. Six subgroups were scrutinized: women and men respectively in three clinical strata (normal subjects [n = 85 women and 40 men], SCA with no current or prior myocardial infarction [MI] [n = 9 women and 31 men], SCA with old MI [n = 7 women and 48 men]). Significant nycthemeral effects were observable for all HRV measures in five of the six groups, with a dramatic fall in HRV during the hours of the morning with the highest phenomenologic incidence of SCA. Both strata of SCA subjects had much lower HRV than the normal subjects. This effect was strongest during the night-time hours, particularly for a purported index of vagal tone (%RR50). For reasons that are not known, the nine female SCA survivors who had no current or previous MI presented very distinct 24-hour patterns for the HRV measures studied. Twenty-four-hour profiles of short-term statistical HRV provide a rich field for the observation of within-subject adaptations of the central autonomic nervous system inputs to the heart in both normal and clinical subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Burr
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Rosa RR, Bonnet MH. Performance and alertness on 8 h and 12 h rotating shifts at a natural gas utility. ERGONOMICS 1993; 36:1177-1193. [PMID: 8223409 DOI: 10.1080/00140139308967987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An 8 h/5-7 day shift schedule was compared with a newly instituted 12 h/2-4 day schedule in this, our second worksite study of extended workshifts. Workers completed a performance/alertness test battery, and a questionnaire on sleep patterns and other personal habits, 2-4 times a week on all shifts. After 10 months adaptation to the 12 h shift schedule, there were decrements in performance/alertness attributable to the extra 4 h on the extended shift. There were also reductions in sleep across the workweek which were most apparent on 12 h night shifts. The results are consistent with our first worksite study of 12 h shifts and indicate extra caution should be exercised when scheduling critical activities for extended workshifts, especially extended night shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Rosa
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, OH 45226
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Elmore SK, Dahl K, Avery DH, Savage MV, Brengelmann GL. Body temperature and diurnal type in women with seasonal affective disorder. Health Care Women Int 1993; 14:17-26. [PMID: 8454523 DOI: 10.1080/07399339309516023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Body temperature rhythms and diurnal type were explored in female controls and women with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) before and after phototherapy. Women with SAD reported being more like evening types than did controls. Morning phototherapy advanced the body temperature rhythms of women with SAD, and shifted their morningness/eveningness scores toward the morning end of the continuum. The implications of these results for our understanding of both SAD and depression in women are discussed.
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Babkoff H, Mikulincer M, Caspy T, Sing HC. Selected problems of analysis and interpretation of the effects of sleep deprivation on temperature and performance rhythms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 658:93-110. [PMID: 1497265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb22840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major methodological-analytic problems encountered by researchers in sleep deprivation involves the examination and analysis of the relationship between sleep loss and rhythmic influences on performance. The comparison of performance rhythms with physiological rhythms, e.g., body temperature, generated under the same conditions of sleep deprivation, has become an important means of testing for an endogenous source of the rhythmicity in the data and for clarifying the nature of the proposed oscillator system. Should the data sets be correlated before or after their separation into monotonic and rhythmic parts? Correlating the raw data without separating them into their components can yield negative results, while, in reality, some of the major underlying rhythms may be highly related. The example used in this chapter showed strong cross correlations of the circadian components of temperature and two performance tasks. Sleep deprivation is thus seen to interact with performance rhythms. This interaction is only revealed after the data are analyzed and broken into their component parts. This procedure leads to the conclusion that certain performance rhythms and temperature may share the same generating oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Babkoff
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Rosa RR. Performance, alertness, and sleep after 3·5 years of 12 h shifts: A follow-up study. WORK AND STRESS 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/02678379108257008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mikulincer M, Babkoff H, Caspy T, Weiss H. The impact of cognitive interference on performance during prolonged sleep loss. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1990; 52:80-6. [PMID: 2377728 DOI: 10.1007/bf00867216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted on the effects of off-task cognitions on performance during sleep deprivation. Subjects answered the Thought Occurrence Questionnaire, assessing their proneness to engage in off-task cognitions, and were deprived of sleep for 72 hours, during which they performed a variety of tasks including visual discrimination and three versions of a logical reasoning task in which cognitive load was varied systematically. In addition, every day subjects answered the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire, which taps off-task cognitions during the experiment. Results indicated that subjects who habitually engage in off-task cognitions performed worse during 72 hours of sleep loss than subjects who do not engage in such distracting activities. In addition, it was found that the engagement in off-task cognitions increased during the 72 hours of sleep loss and such an engagement was related to deficits in performance accuracy. The mechanisms of off-task cognitions and sleep loss underlying these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mikulincer
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Babkoff H, Sing HC, Thorne DR, Genser SG, Hegge FW. Perceptual distortions and hallucinations reported during the course of sleep deprivation. Percept Mot Skills 1989; 68:787-98. [PMID: 2748294 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1989.68.3.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Subjects worked 30 to 45 min. of each hour for either 48 (n = 2) or 72 hr. (n = 8) without sleep. The frequency of reported visual task-related perceptual distortions and hallucinations showed both a linear increasing component and a strong circadian component. Perceptual distortions were most frequent in the late night-early morning hours (0400) and least frequent in the late afternoon-early evening hours (1600-2000).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Babkoff
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Babkoff H, Mikulincer M, Caspy T, Carasso RL, Sing H. The implications of sleep loss for circadian performance accuracy. WORK AND STRESS 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/02678378908256875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Babkoff H, Mikulincer M, Caspy T, Kempinski D, Sing H. The topology of performance curves during 72 hours of sleep loss: a memory and search task. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. A, HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1988; 40:737-56. [PMID: 3212211 DOI: 10.1080/14640748808402296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Three levels of working memory load of a visual search (Memory and Search) task were tested in a 72-hour sleep deprivation paradigm. General performance and accuracy decrease over time with monotonic and rhythmic components. The signal detection discriminability index, d', decreases monotonically with rhythmic variations. The index of response bias, β, shows no monotonic trend, but significant circadian rhythmicity. The extent of the monotonic and rhythmic changes in accuracy and in d’ is directly related to the level of working memory load. The amplitude of the circadian component of accuracy and d’ is enhanced for the higher levels of working memory load. The implication of potentiated circadian rhythmicity as a function of cumulative sleep loss is discussed.
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