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van der Schaaf ME, Geerligs L, Toni I, Knoop H, Oosterman JM. Disentangling pain and fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome: a resting state connectivity study before and after cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1735-1748. [PMID: 38193344 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a central feature of myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), but many ME/CFS patients also report comorbid pain symptoms. It remains unclear whether these symptoms are related to similar or dissociable brain networks. This study used resting-state fMRI to disentangle networks associated with fatigue and pain symptoms in ME/CFS patients, and to link changes in those networks to clinical improvements following cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). METHODS Relationships between pain and fatigue symptoms and cortico-cortical connectivity were assessed within ME/CFS patients at baseline (N = 72) and after CBT (N = 33) and waiting list (WL, N = 18) and compared to healthy controls (HC, N = 29). The analyses focused on four networks previously associated with pain and/or fatigue, i.e. the fronto-parietal network (FPN), premotor network (PMN), somatomotor network (SMN), and default mode network (DMN). RESULTS At baseline, variation in pain and fatigue symptoms related to partially dissociable brain networks. Fatigue was associated with higher SMN-PMN connectivity and lower SMN-DMN connectivity. Pain was associated with lower PMN-DMN connectivity. CBT improved SMN-DMN connectivity, compared to WL. Larger clinical improvements were associated with larger increases in frontal SMN-DMN connectivity. No CBT effects were observed for PMN-DMN or SMN-PMN connectivity. CONCLUSIONS These results provide insight into the dissociable neural mechanisms underlying fatigue and pain symptoms in ME/CFS and how they are affected by CBT in successfully treated patients. Further investigation of how and in whom behavioral and biomedical treatments affect these networks is warranted to improve and individualize existing or new treatments for ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke E van der Schaaf
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of cognitive neuropsychology Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Geerligs
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Toni
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Knoop
- Department of Medical Psychology and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje M Oosterman
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Smeeton NJ, Meyer J, Varga M, Klatt S. Is Anticipation Skill Learning Bayesian? RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38324767 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2294100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the learning of anticipation skill in the presence of kinematic and outcome probabilities information, and to see if this learning exhibited characteristics of Bayesian integration. Method: Participants with no competitive tennis playing experience watched tennis player stimuli playing forehand tennis shots and were tasked with predicted shot outcomes. Accuracy, response times and perceived task effort were recorded, pre, post and during four acquisition blocks where outcome feedback was provided. In both Experiment 1 and 2, kinematic information about shot direction was either present in the training group stimuli or absent. In Experiment 1, left/right shot probability information remained equi-probable for both groups. In Experiment 2, both groups also trained with a bias in the shot outcome probability toward one shot direction on 80% of the trials across acquisition blocks (and were not told about this manipulation). Results: Pre-to-post anticipation performance improved in the presence of kinematic (EXP 1) or both information sources (EXP 2). Pre-to-post improvements in the presence of shot outcome probability information were congruent with the bias in the shot direction trained (EXP 2). Superior anticipation performance was found when both information sources were present. The presence of kinematic information resulted in increased perceived effort during early training (EXP 1 & 2). Bayesian odds ratios indicated that shot direction probabilities and kinematic information were integrated during anticipation skill learning. Conclusion: Learning with shot direction probabilities and kinematic information shows characteristics of Bayesian integration.
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Krupnik V. I like therefore I can, and I can therefore I like: the role of self-efficacy and affect in active inference of allostasis. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1283372. [PMID: 38322807 PMCID: PMC10839114 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1283372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Active inference (AIF) is a theory of the behavior of information-processing open dynamic systems. It describes them as generative models (GM) generating inferences on the causes of sensory input they receive from their environment. Based on these inferences, GMs generate predictions about sensory input. The discrepancy between a prediction and the actual input results in prediction error. GMs then execute action policies predicted to minimize the prediction error. The free-energy principle provides a rationale for AIF by stipulating that information-processing open systems must constantly minimize their free energy (through suppressing the cumulative prediction error) to avoid decay. The theory of homeostasis and allostasis has a similar logic. Homeostatic set points are expectations of living organisms. Discrepancies between set points and actual states generate stress. For optimal functioning, organisms avoid stress by preserving homeostasis. Theories of AIF and homeostasis have recently converged, with AIF providing a formal account for homeo- and allostasis. In this paper, we present bacterial chemotaxis as molecular AIF, where mutual constraints by extero- and interoception play an essential role in controlling bacterial behavior supporting homeostasis. Extending this insight to the brain, we propose a conceptual model of the brain homeostatic GM, in which we suggest partition of the brain GM into cognitive and physiological homeostatic GMs. We outline their mutual regulation as well as their integration based on the free-energy principle. From this analysis, affect and self-efficacy emerge as the main regulators of the cognitive homeostatic GM. We suggest fatigue and depression as target neurocognitive phenomena for studying the neural mechanisms of such regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Krupnik
- Department of Mental Health, Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, CA, United States
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Tankisi H, Versace V, Kuppuswamy A, Cole J. The role of clinical neurophysiology in the definition and assessment of fatigue and fatigability. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2023; 9:39-50. [PMID: 38274859 PMCID: PMC10808861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Though a common symptom, fatigue is difficult to define and investigate, occurs in a wide variety of neurological and systemic disorders, with differing pathological causes. It is also often accompanied by a psychological component. As a symptom of long-term COVID-19 it has gained more attention. In this review, we begin by differentiating fatigue, a perception, from fatigability, quantifiable through biomarkers. Central and peripheral nervous system and muscle disorders associated with these are summarised. We provide a comprehensive and objective framework to help identify potential causes of fatigue and fatigability in a given disease condition. It also considers the effectiveness of neurophysiological tests as objective biomarkers for its assessment. Among these, twitch interpolation, motor cortex stimulation, electroencephalography and magnetencephalography, and readiness potentials will be described for the assessment of central fatigability, and surface and needle electromyography (EMG), single fibre EMG and nerve conduction studies for the assessment of peripheral fatigability. The purpose of this review is to guide clinicians in how to approach fatigue, and fatigability, and to suggest that neurophysiological tests may allow an understanding of their origin and interactions. In this way, their differing types and origins, and hence their possible differing treatments, may also be defined more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Tankisi
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy
| | - Annapoorna Kuppuswamy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan Cole
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospitals Dorset (Poole), UK
- University of Bournemouth, Poole, UK
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Salsman ML, Nordberg HO, Howell J, Berthet-Miron MM, Rosenfield D, Ritz T. Psychological distress and symptom-related burnout in asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Behav Med 2023; 46:960-972. [PMID: 37227673 PMCID: PMC10211287 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
People with asthma may be particularly vulnerable to pandemic-related psychological distress, and research is needed to understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on their health and well-being. We sought to study the well-being of people with asthma relative to non-asthmatic controls during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also investigated asthma symptoms and COVID-19-related anxiety as potential mediators of distress. Participants completed self-report measures of psychological functioning, including anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout. Controlling for potential confounds, multiple-regression analyses examined differences in psychological health between people with and without asthma. Mediator analyses investigated the role of asthma symptoms and COVID-19-related anxiety in this relationship. 234 adults (111 with asthma, 123 without) participated in an online survey from July to November 2020. During this time, people with asthma reported higher levels of anxiety, perceived stress, and burnout symptoms compared to controls. Elevations in burnout symptoms were found beyond general anxiety and depression (sr2 = .03, p < .001). Reported symptoms typical in both asthma and COVID-19 partially mediated this relationship (Pm = .42, p < .05). People with asthma reported unique psychological challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic including elevated burnout symptoms. Experience of asthma symptoms played a key role in vulnerability to emotional exhaustion. Clinical implications include increased attention to asthma symptom burden within the context of heightened environmental stress and restricted healthcare access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot L. Salsman
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75275-0442 USA
| | - Hannah O. Nordberg
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75275-0442 USA
| | - Jaxen Howell
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75275-0442 USA
| | | | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75275-0442 USA
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75275-0442 USA
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Schauenburg H. Post-COVID and ME/CFS - DoWe Need New Disease Theories? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 69:304-315. [PMID: 37830884 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2023.69.oa7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Background and Research Question: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic often resulted in prolonged illness courses. A particular challenge today lies in the clinical presentation resembling that of Myalgic Encephalitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Method: We review selected literature concerning the psychosocial factors influencing chronic courses characterized primarily by fatigue. Additionally, we explore the neurobiologically grounded theory of "Predictive Coding" as a possible explanatory framework for complex somato- psychic interactions. Results: Physical findings only partially account for the dynamics and progression of chronic fatigue syndromes, necessitating more intricate disease models that incorporate aspects of bodily perception. Conclusions: Incorporating these newer theories of perception and behavior could provide a more helpful perspective on phenomena such as fatigue, leading to improved therapeutic support measures, all without contributing to premature attributions of "psychological" causes and the associated risk of stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Schauenburg
- Heidelberg Institute for Psychotherapy at the Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics University of Heidelberg Vossstr. 9 69115 Heidelberg Deutschland
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Zhang J, Abel S, Macphail M, Aboodarda SJ. Persistent Contralateral Pain Compromises Exercise Tolerance but Does not Alter Corticomotor Responses During Repeated, Submaximal Isometric Knee Extensions to Task Failure. Neuroscience 2023; 526:267-276. [PMID: 37442523 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Muscle pain is an important determinant of exercise tolerance, but its relationship with neurophysiological responses during a submaximal exercise trial is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of persistent contralateral pain on neurophysiological function and perceptual responses during ipsilateral isometric knee extensions to task failure. Ten participants performed a single-leg repeated submaximal isometric knee extensions with (PAIN) or without (CTRL) constant pain induced by intermittent blood flow occlusion combined with evoked muscle contraction applied to the contralateral, resting leg. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over the motor cortex was used to assess corticospinal excitability (quantified as motor evoked potentials), corticospinal inhibition (quantified as silent period duration), and short interval intracortical inhibition. Maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), coupled with femoral nerve stimulation to the exercising leg, were performed every 12 submaximal contractions to assess neuromuscular function. Perceived leg pain and effort were also assessed throughout the exercise. The experimental pain shortened the time to task failure compared to CTRL (P = 0.019). Although time effects were present, no differences appeared between conditions for MVC force, voluntary activation, or potentiated twitch force across both tasks (all P > 0.05). Additionally, no differences between CTRL and PAIN were demonstrated for any TMS-derived measures assessing corticospinal responses. Exercising leg pain was higher in CTRL (P = 0.018), as was perceived exertion (P = 0.030). Overall, when using a persistent, submaximal experimental pain intervention, it appears that although muscle pain compromises exercise tolerance, this phenomenon occurs independently of potential alterations in corticomotor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Samuel Abel
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Meghan Macphail
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Wang H, Hu B, Huang J, Chen L, Yuan M, Tian X, Shi T, Zhao J, Huang W. Predicting the fatigue in Parkinson's disease using inertial sensor gait data and clinical characteristics. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1172320. [PMID: 37388552 PMCID: PMC10303817 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1172320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to analyze the clinical features and gait characteristics of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who also suffer from fatigue and to develop a model that can help identify fatigue states in the early stages of PD. Methodology A total of 81 PD patients have been enrolled for the Parkinson's Fatigue Scale (PFS-16) assessment and divided into two groups: patients with or without fatigue. Neuropsychological assessments of the two groups, including motor and non-motor symptoms, were collected. The patient's gait characteristics were collected using a wearable inertial sensor device. Results PD patients who experienced fatigue had a more significant impairment of motor symptoms than those who did not, and the experience of fatigue became more pronounced as the disease progressed. Patients with fatigue had more significant mood disorders and sleep disturbances, which can lead to a poorer quality of life. PD patients with fatigue had shorter step lengths, lower velocity, and stride length and increased stride length variability. As for kinematic parameters, PD patients with fatigue had lower shank-forward swing max, trunk-max sagittal angular velocity, and lumbar-max coronal angular velocity than PD patients without fatigue. The binary logistic analysis found that Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-I (MDS-UPDRS-I) scores, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores, and stride length variability independently predicted fatigue in PD patients. The area under the curve (AUC) of these selected factors in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was 0.900. Moreover, HAMD might completely mediate the association between Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores and fatigue (indirect effect: β = 0.032, 95% confidence interval: 0.001-0.062), with a percentage of mediation of 55.46%. Conclusion Combining clinical characteristics and gait cycle parameters, including MDS-UPDRS-I scores, HAMD scores, and stride length variability, can identify PD patients with a high fatigue risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingfu Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiahao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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McClean Z, Iannetta D, Macinnis M, Aboodarda SJ. Shorter High-Intensity Cycling Intervals Reduce Performance and Perceived Fatigability at Work-Matched but Not Task Failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:690-699. [PMID: 36729921 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intensity, duration, and distribution of work and recovery phases during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) modulate metabolic perturbations during exercise and subsequently influence the development of performance fatigability and exercise tolerance. This study aimed to characterize neuromuscular, perceptual, and cardiorespiratory responses to work-to-rest ratio-matched HIIT protocols differing in work and rest interval duration. METHODS Twelve healthy individuals (six women) first completed a ramp incremental test to determine 90% of peak power output, and then in three randomized visits, they completed three cycling protocols to task failure at 90% of peak power output: (i) 3- to 3-min work-to-passive rest ratio HIIT (HIIT 3min ), (ii) 1- to 1-min work-to-passive rest ratio HIIT (HIIT 1min ), and (iii) constant load (CL). Interpolated twitch technique, including maximal voluntary isometric knee extensions and femoral nerve electrical stimuli, was performed at baseline, every 6 min of work, and task failure. Perceptual and cardiorespiratory responses were recorded every 3 min and continuously across the exercises, respectively. RESULTS The work completed during HIIT 1min (8447 ± 5124 kJ) was considerably greater than HIIT 3min (1930 ± 712 kJ) and CL (1076 ± 356) ( P < 0.001). At work-matched, HIIT 1min resulted in a lesser decline in maximal voluntary contraction and twitch force compared with HIIT 3min and CL ( P < 0.001). Perceived effort, pain, and dyspnea were least in HIIT 1min and HIIT 3min compared with CL ( P < 0.001). At task failure, HIIT 1min resulted in less voluntary activation than HIIT 3min ( P = 0.010) and CL ( P = 0.043), and engendered less twitch force decline than CL ( P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mitigated physiological and perceptual responses during shorter work periods (HIIT 1min ) enhance exercise tolerance in comparison to longer work intervals at the same intensity (HIIT 3min , CL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary McClean
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CANADA
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10
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Liu J, Qiao B, Deng N, Wu Y, Li D, Tan Z. The diarrheal mechanism of mice with a high-fat diet in a fatigued state is associated with intestinal mucosa microbiota. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:77. [PMID: 36761339 PMCID: PMC9902584 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that fatigue and a high-fat diet trigger diarrhea, and intestinal microbiota disorder interact with diarrhea. However, the association of intestinal mucosal microbiota with fatigue and high-fat diet trigger diarrhea remains unclear. The specific pathogen-free Kunming male mice were randomly divided into the normal group (MCN), standing group (MSD), lard group (MLD), and standing united lard group (MSLD). Mice in the MSD and MSLD groups stood on the multiple-platform apparatus for four h/d for fourteen consecutive days. From the eighth day, mice in the MLD and MSLD groups were intragastric lard, 0.4 mL/each, twice a day for seven days. Subsequently, we analyzed the characteristics and interaction relationship of intestinal mucosal microbiota, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Results showed that mice in the MSLD group had an increased number of bowel movements. Compared with the MCN group, the contents of IL-17, and IL-6 were higher (p > 0.05), and the content of sIgA was lower in the MSLD group (p > 0.05). MDA and SOD increased in MLD and MSLD groups. Thermoactinomyces and Staphyloccus were the characteristic bacteria of the MSLD group. And Staphyloccus were positively correlated with IL-6, IL-17, and SOD. In conclusion, the interactions between Thermoactinomyces, Staphyloccus and intestinal inflammation, and immunity might be involved in fatigue and high-fat diet-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Bo Qiao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Na Deng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
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11
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Slavich GM, Roos LG, Mengelkoch S, Webb CA, Shattuck EC, Moriarity DP, Alley JC. Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions. Health Psychol Rev 2023; 17:5-59. [PMID: 36718584 PMCID: PMC10161928 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2171900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human health and behavior. Although theoretically rich, this work has yielded little consensus and led to numerous conceptual, measurement, and reproducibility issues. Social Safety Theory aims to address these issues by using the primary goal and regulatory logic of the human brain and immune system as the basis for specifying the social-environmental situations to which these systems should respond most strongly to maximize reproductive success and survival. This analysis gave rise to the integrated, multi-level formulation described herein, which transforms thinking about stress biology and provides a biologically based, evolutionary account for how and why experiences of social safety and social threat are strongly related to health, well-being, aging, and longevity. In doing so, the theory advances a testable framework for investigating the biopsychosocial roots of health disparities as well as how health-relevant biopsychosocial processes crystalize over time and how perceptions of the social environment interact with childhood microbial environment, birth cohort, culture, air pollution, genetics, sleep, diet, personality, and self-harm to affect health. The theory also highlights several interventions for reducing social threat and promoting resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lydia G. Roos
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian A. Webb
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C. Shattuck
- Institute for Health Disparities Research and Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P. Moriarity
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenna C. Alley
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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McClean ZJ, Young A, Pohl AJ, Fine NM, Burr JF, MacInnis M, Aboodarda SJ. Blood flow restriction during high-intensity interval cycling exacerbates psychophysiological responses to a greater extent in females than males. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:596-609. [PMID: 36701480 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00567.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize neuromuscular, perceptual, and cardiorespiratory responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with superimposed blood flow restriction in males and females. Twenty-four, healthy individuals (n = 12 females) completed two cycling HIIT protocols to task failure (1-min work phases at 90% of peak power output interspersed by 1-min rest phases). The blood flow restriction (BFR) and control (CON) protocols were identical except for the presence and absence of BFR during rest phases, respectively. The interpolated twitch technique, including maximal voluntary isometric knee extension (MVC) and femoral nerve electrical stimuli, was performed at baseline, every six intervals, and task failure. Perceptual and cardiorespiratory responses were recorded every three intervals and continuously during exercise, respectively. Bayesian inference was used to obtain the joint posterior distribution for all parameters and evidence of an effect was determined via the marginal posterior probability (PP). The BFR shortened task duration by 57.3% compared with CON (PP > 0.99), without a sex difference. The application of BFR exacerbated the rate of decline in neuromuscular measures (MVC and twitch force output), increase of perceptual responses (perceived effort, pain, dyspnea, fatigue), and development of cardiorespiratory parameters (minute ventilation and heart rate), compared with CON (PP > 0.95). In addition, BFR exacerbated the neuromuscular, perceptual, and cardiorespiratory responses to a greater extent in females than males (PP > 0.99). Our results suggest that superimposition of blood flow restriction exacerbates psychophysiological responses to a HIIT protocol to a greater extent in females than males.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, no study has explored sex differences in the neuromuscular, perceptual, and cardiorespiratory indices characterizing exercise tolerance during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with blood flow restriction (BFR) applied only during rest periods. Our results suggest that BFR elicited a decline in exercise performance that could be attributed to integration of psychophysiological responses. However, this integration was sex-dependent where females demonstrated an exacerbated rate of change in these responses compared with males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J McClean
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abbey Young
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Pohl
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nowell M Fine
- Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jamie F Burr
- College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin MacInnis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saied J Aboodarda
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Millet GY, Bertrand MF, Lapole T, Féasson L, Rozand V, Hupin D. Measuring objective fatigability and autonomic dysfunction in clinical populations: How and why? Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1140833. [PMID: 37065809 PMCID: PMC10101442 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1140833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a major symptom in many diseases, often among the most common and severe ones and may last for an extremely long period. Chronic fatigue impacts quality of life, reduces the capacity to perform activities of daily living, and has socioeconomical consequences such as impairing return to work. Despite the high prevalence and deleterious consequences of fatigue, little is known about its etiology. Numerous causes have been proposed to explain chronic fatigue. They encompass psychosocial and behavioral aspects (e.g., sleep disorders) and biological (e.g., inflammation), hematological (e.g., anemia) as well as physiological origins. Among the potential causes of chronic fatigue is the role of altered acute fatigue resistance, i.e. an increased fatigability for a given exercise, that is related to physical deconditioning. For instance, we and others have recently evidenced that relationships between chronic fatigue and increased objective fatigability, defined as an abnormal deterioration of functional capacity (maximal force or power), provided objective fatigability is appropriately measured. Indeed, in most studies in the field of chronic diseases, objective fatigability is measured during single-joint, isometric exercises. While those studies are valuable from a fundamental science point of view, they do not allow to test the patients in ecological situations when the purpose is to search for a link with chronic fatigue. As a complementary measure to the evaluation of neuromuscular function (i.e., fatigability), studying the dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is also of great interest in the context of fatigue. The challenge of evaluating objective fatigability and ANS dysfunction appropriately (i.e.,. how?) will be discussed in the first part of the present article. New tools recently developed to measure objective fatigability and muscle function will be presented. In the second part of the paper, we will discuss the interest of measuring objective fatigability and ANS (i.e. why?). Despite the beneficial effects of physical activity in attenuating chronic fatigue have been demonstrated, a better evaluation of fatigue etiology will allow to personalize the training intervention. We believe this is key in order to account for the complex, multifactorial nature of chronic fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Y. Millet
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
- Correspondence: Guillaume Y. Millet
| | - Mathilde F. Bertrand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
- Service de physiologie clinique et de l'exercice, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires rares - Euro-NmD, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
| | - David Hupin
- Service de physiologie clinique et de l'exercice, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Jean Monnet University Saint-Etienne, Mines Saint-Etienne, University hospital of Saint-Etienne, INSERM, SAINBIOSE, U1059, DVH team, Saint-Etienne, France
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A drop in cognitive performance, whodunit? Subjective mental fatigue, brain deactivation or increased parasympathetic activity? It's complicated! Cortex 2022; 155:30-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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