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Xiao Y, Xu H, Guo W, Zhao Y, Luo Y, Wang M, He Z, Ding Z, Liu J, Deng L, Sha F, Ma X. Update on treatment and preventive interventions against COVID-19: an overview of potential pharmacological agents and vaccines. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2020; 1:16. [PMID: 34765999 PMCID: PMC7711057 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by the new member of the coronaviridae family, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented challenge for global health. In addition to mild to moderate clinical manifestations such as fever, cough, and fatigue, severe cases often developed lethal complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury. Given the alarming rate of infection and increasing trend of mortality, the development of underlying therapeutic and preventive treatment, as well as the verification of its effectiveness, are the top priorities. Current research mainly referred to and evaluated the application of the empirical treatment based on two precedents, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), including antiviral drugs targeting different stages of virus replication, immunotherapy modulating the overactivated inflammation response, and other therapies such as herbal medicine and mesenchymal stem cells. Besides, the ongoing development of inventing prophylactic interventions such as various vaccines by companies and institutions worldwide is crucial to decline morbidity and mortality. This review mainly focused on promising candidates for the treatment of COVID-19 and collected recently updated evidence relevant to its feasibility in clinical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Xiao
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hanyue Xu
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Wen Guo
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yunuo Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yuling Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ming Wang
- Infectious Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lei Deng
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10465 USA
| | - Fushen Sha
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, 11203 USA
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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2
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Kumar Vishvakarma V, Nand B, Kumar V, Kumari K, Bahadur I, Singh P. Xanthene based hybrid analogues to inhibit protease of novel corona Virus: Molecular docking and ADMET studies. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 16:100140. [PMID: 33102987 PMCID: PMC7575443 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2020.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 was reported for the first time and the infected person is reported at Wuhan, China. Till date, about twenty four million people around the world are infected due to the SARS-CoV-2. The structure of this corona virus is new and different from other corona viruses. The genome has a positive sense single RNA strand and it is responsible for the encoding of the protein. The protease of the SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the cleavage and therefore, it should be targeted to develop medicine. Till date, no medicine or vaccine is in the market to cure from the infection. Researchers around the world are working on the development of efficacious and safe vaccine/ drug to cure from the infection. Therefore, the authors used previously synthesized compounds, xanthene-triazole-chloroquinoline/ xanthene-chloroquinoline hybrids for the inhibition of the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 via using computational tools, molecular docking and ADMET properties. COMD AP3 was found to be the best candidate from the library of the designed molecules. It has acceptable solubility along with the distribution and metabolism property. ADMET results corroborate the docking result towards the potency of COMP AP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Vishvakarma
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma (ARSD) College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhaskara Nand
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma (ARSD) College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- SCNS, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Indra Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma (ARSD) College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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3
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Gong Y, Ma TC, Xu YY, Yang R, Gao LJ, Wu SH, Li J, Yue ML, Liang HG, He X, Yun T. Early Research on COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:100027. [PMID: 32914141 PMCID: PMC7403001 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia, which was named COVID-2019, emerged as a global health crisis. Scientists worldwide are engaged in attempts to elucidate the transmission and pathogenic mechanisms of the causative coronavirus. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, making it critical to track and review the state of research on COVID-19 to provide guidance for further investigations. Here, bibliometric and knowledge mapping analyses of studies on COVID-19 were performed, including more than 1,500 papers on COVID-19 available in the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from January 1, 2020 to March 8, 2020. In this review, we found that because of the rapid response of researchers worldwide, the number of COVID-19-related publications showed a high growth trend in the first 10 days of February; among these, the largest number of studies originated in China, the country most affected by pandemic in its early stages. Our findings revealed that the epidemic situation and data accessibility of different research teams have caused obvious difference in emphases of the publications. Besides, there was an unprecedented level of close cooperation and information sharing within the global scientific community relative to previous coronavirus research. We combed and drew the knowledge map of the SARS-CoV-2 literature, explored early status of research on etiology, pathology, epidemiology, treatment, prevention, and control, and discussed knowledge gaps that remain to be urgently addressed. Future perspectives on treatment, prevention, and control are also presented to provide fundamental references for current and future coronavirus research. China initiated COVID-19-related research in considerable scope and depth at the early stage of the outbreak Researchers all over the world have rapidly launched unprecedented joint research efforts The knowledge map of SARS-CoV-2 is becoming increasingly comprehensive, and knowledge gaps to be filled have been identified The next step is to consider other factors conducive to research innovation, such as public and private's cooperation, equitable health system
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gong
- National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting-Can Ma
- Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China.,Department of Library, Information and Archives Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang-Yang Xu
- China Center for Information Industry Development, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan-Jun Gao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Si-Hua Wu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Jing Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming-Liang Yue
- Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui-Gang Liang
- Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao He
- National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Yun
- China Science and Technology Exchange Center, Beijing 100045, China
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4
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Stawicki SP, Jeanmonod R, Miller AC, Paladino L, Gaieski DF, Yaffee AQ, De Wulf A, Grover J, Papadimos TJ, Bloem C, Galwankar SC, Chauhan V, Firstenberg MS, Di Somma S, Jeanmonod D, Garg SM, Tucci V, Anderson HL, Fatimah L, Worlton TJ, Dubhashi SP, Glaze KS, Sinha S, Opara IN, Yellapu V, Kelkar D, El-Menyar A, Krishnan V, Venkataramanaiah S, Leyfman Y, Saoud Al Thani HA, WB Nanayakkara P, Nanda S, Cioè-Peña E, Sardesai I, Chandra S, Munasinghe A, Dutta V, Dal Ponte ST, Izurieta R, Asensio JA, Garg M. The 2019-2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College of Academic International Medicine-World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID-19 Working Group Consensus Paper. J Glob Infect Dis 2020; 12:47-93. [PMID: 32773996 PMCID: PMC7384689 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_86_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
What started as a cluster of patients with a mysterious respiratory illness in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, was later determined to be coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel Betacoronavirus, was subsequently isolated as the causative agent. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted by respiratory droplets and fomites and presents clinically with fever, fatigue, myalgias, conjunctivitis, anosmia, dysgeusia, sore throat, nasal congestion, cough, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea. In most critical cases, symptoms can escalate into acute respiratory distress syndrome accompanied by a runaway inflammatory cytokine response and multiorgan failure. As of this article's publication date, COVID-19 has spread to approximately 200 countries and territories, with over 4.3 million infections and more than 290,000 deaths as it has escalated into a global pandemic. Public health concerns mount as the situation evolves with an increasing number of infection hotspots around the globe. New information about the virus is emerging just as rapidly. This has led to the prompt development of clinical patient risk stratification tools to aid in determining the need for testing, isolation, monitoring, ventilator support, and disposition. COVID-19 spread is rapid, including imported cases in travelers, cases among close contacts of known infected individuals, and community-acquired cases without a readily identifiable source of infection. Critical shortages of personal protective equipment and ventilators are compounding the stress on overburdened healthcare systems. The continued challenges of social distancing, containment, isolation, and surge capacity in already stressed hospitals, clinics, and emergency departments have led to a swell in technologically-assisted care delivery strategies, such as telemedicine and web-based triage. As the race to develop an effective vaccine intensifies, several clinical trials of antivirals and immune modulators are underway, though no reliable COVID-19-specific therapeutics (inclusive of some potentially effective single and multi-drug regimens) have been identified as of yet. With many nations and regions declaring a state of emergency, unprecedented quarantine, social distancing, and border closing efforts are underway. Implementation of social and physical isolation measures has caused sudden and profound economic hardship, with marked decreases in global trade and local small business activity alike, and full ramifications likely yet to be felt. Current state-of-science, mitigation strategies, possible therapies, ethical considerations for healthcare workers and policymakers, as well as lessons learned for this evolving global threat and the eventual return to a "new normal" are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw P Stawicki
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA,COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr. Stanislaw P Stawicki, Department of Research and Innovation, St. Luke's University Health Network, 801 Ostrum Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA. E-mail:
| | - Rebecca Jeanmonod
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA,COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Andrew C Miller
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Lorenzo Paladino
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA,COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - David F Gaieski
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Anna Q Yaffee
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Annelies De Wulf
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Joydeep Grover
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Thomas J. Papadimos
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Christina Bloem
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Sagar C Galwankar
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA,COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Vivek Chauhan
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Michael S. Firstenberg
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA,COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Salvatore Di Somma
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Donald Jeanmonod
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA,COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Sona M Garg
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Veronica Tucci
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA,COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Lateef Fatimah
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Tamara J Worlton
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | | | - Krystal S Glaze
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Sagar Sinha
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Ijeoma Nnodim Opara
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Vikas Yellapu
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Dhanashree Kelkar
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Vimal Krishnan
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - S Venkataramanaiah
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Yan Leyfman
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Sudip Nanda
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Eric Cioè-Peña
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Indrani Sardesai
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Shruti Chandra
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Aruna Munasinghe
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Vibha Dutta
- COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Silvana Teixeira Dal Ponte
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Ricardo Izurieta
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA
| | - Juan A Asensio
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA,COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
| | - Manish Garg
- Working Group on International Health Security, The American College of Academic International Academic Medicine, USA,COVID-19 Pandemic Taskforce, World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine, USA
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5
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Sahu KK, Jindal V, Siddiqui AD. Managing COVID-19 in Patients With Cancer: A Double Blow for Oncologists. JCO Oncol Pract 2020; 16:223-225. [PMID: 32302270 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kant Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA
| | - Vishal Jindal
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Oakland University, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Ahmad Daniyal Siddiqui
- Hemato-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA
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6
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Amawi H, Abu Deiab GI, A Aljabali AA, Dua K, Tambuwala MM. COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:245-268. [PMID: 32397911 PMCID: PMC7222554 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At the time of writing this review, severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2,355,853 patients and resulted in more than 164,656 deaths worldwide (as of 20 April 2020). This review highlights the preventive measures, available clinical therapies and the potential of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 by taking into consideration the strong genetic similarities of the 2003 epidemic SARS-CoV. Recent studies are investigating the repurposing of US FDA-approved drugs as there is no available vaccine yet with many attempts under clinical evaluation. Several antivirals, antimalarials and immunomodulators that have shown activity against SARS-CoV and Middle East coronavirus respiratory syndromes are being evaluated. In particular, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, arbidol, tocilizumab and bevacizumab have shown promising results. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of this pandemic and where we currently stand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Amawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
| | - Ghina'a I Abu Deiab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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