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Zhang C, Das S, Sakurai N, Imaizumi T, Sanjayan S, Shoji Y, Fukushima T, Zharnikov M. Phosphonic acid anchored tripodal molecular films on indium tin oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11360-11369. [PMID: 38567399 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Whereas monopodal self-assembling monolayers (SAMs) are most frequently used for surface and interface engineering, tripodal SAMs are less popular due to the difficulty in achieving a reliable and homogeneous bonding configuration. In this context, in the present study, the potential of phosphonic acid (PA) decorated triptycene (TripPA) for formation of SAMs on oxide substrates was studied, using indium tin oxide (ITO) as a representative and application-relevant test support. A combination of several complementary experimental techniques was applied and a suitable monopodal reference system, benzylphosphonic acid (PPA), was used. The resulting data consistently show that TripPA forms well-defined, densely packed, and nearly contamination-free tripodal SAMs on ITO, with the similar parameters and properties as the monopodal reference system. Modification of wetting properties and work function of ITO by non-substituted and cyano-decorated TripPA SAMs was demonstrated, showing a potential of this tripodal system for surface engineering of oxide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Zhang
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Saunak Das
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Naoya Sakurai
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Takaki Imaizumi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Sajisha Sanjayan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Rai V, Gerhard L, Balzer N, Valášek M, Holzer C, Yang L, Wegener M, Rockstuhl C, Mayor M, Wulfhekel W. Activating Electroluminescence of Charged Naphthalene Diimide Complexes Directly Adsorbed on a Metal Substrate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:036201. [PMID: 36763403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.036201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electroluminescence from single molecules adsorbed on a conducting surface imposes conflicting demands for the molecule-electrode coupling. To conduct electrons, the molecular orbitals need to be hybridized with the electrodes. To emit light, they need to be decoupled from the electrodes to prevent fluorescence quenching. Here, we show that fully quenched 2,6-core-substituted naphthalene diimide derivative in a self-assembled monolayer directly deposited on a Au(111) surface can be activated with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope to decouple the relevant frontier orbitals from the metallic substrate. In this way, individual molecules can be driven from a strongly hybridized state with quenched luminescence to a light-emitting state. The emission performance compares in terms of quantum efficiency, stability, and reproducibility to that of single molecules deposited on thin insulating layers. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the emitted light originates from the singly charged cationic pair of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Rai
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nico Balzer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Kocábová J, Vavrek F, Nováková Lachmanová Š, Šebera J, Valášek M, Hromadová M. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Molecular Conductors with Terpyridine-Metal Redox Switching Elements: A Combined AFM, STM and Electrochemical Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238320. [PMID: 36500413 PMCID: PMC9738775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of terpyridine-based transition metal (ruthenium and osmium) complexes, anchored to gold substrate via tripodal anchoring groups, have been investigated as possible redox switching elements for molecular electronics. An electrochemical study was complemented by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) methods. STM was used for determination of the SAM conductance values, and computation of the attenuation factor β from tunneling current-distance curves. We have shown that SAMs of Os-tripod molecules contain larger adlayer structures compared with SAMs of Ru-tripod molecules, which are characterized by a large number of almost evenly distributed small islands. Furthermore, upon cyclic voltammetric experimentation, Os-tripod films rearrange to form a smaller number of even larger islands, reminiscent of the Ostwald ripening process. Os-tripod SAMs displayed a higher surface concentration of molecules and lower conductance compared with Ru-tripod SAMs. The attenuation factor of Os-tripod films changed dramatically, upon electrochemical cycling, to a higher value. These observations are in accordance with previously reported electron transfer kinetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kocábová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Vavrek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpánka Nováková Lachmanová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Šebera
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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4
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Semakin AN, Golovanov IS, Nelyubina YV, Sukhorukov AY. 1,4,6,10-Tetraazaadamantanes (TAADs) with N-amino groups: synthesis and formation of boron chelates and host–guest complexes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1424-1434. [DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic route to 1,4,6,10-tetraazaadamantanes (TAADs) bearing free and protected amino groups at the bridge N-atoms has been developed via intramolecular cyclotrimerization of C=N units in the corresponding tris(hydrazonoalkyl)amines. In a similar fashion, unsymmetrically substituted TAADs having both amino and hydroxy groups at the bridge N-atoms were prepared via a hitherto unknown co-trimerization of oxime and hydrazone groups. The use of N-TAAD derivatives as potential ligands and receptors was showcased through forming boron chelates and host–guest complexes with water and simple alcohols.
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Parr JM, Olivar C, Saal T, Haiges R, Inkpen MS. Pushing steric limits in osmium(IV) tetraaryl complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10558-10570. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigations into the reactivity, properties, and applications of osmium(IV) tetraaryl complexes have been hampered by their low yielding syntheses from volatile and toxic OsO4 (typically ≤34%). Here we show that...
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Balzer N, Lukášek J, Valášek M, Rai V, Sun Q, Gerhard L, Wulfhekel W, Mayor M. Synthesis and Surface Behaviour of NDI Chromophores Mounted on a Tripodal Scaffold: Towards Self-Decoupled Chromophores for Single-Molecule Electroluminescence. Chemistry 2021; 27:12144-12155. [PMID: 34152041 PMCID: PMC8457086 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the efficient synthesis, absorption and emission spectra, and the electrochemical properties of a series of 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxdiimide (NDI) tripodal molecules with thioacetate anchors for their surface investigations. Our studies showed that, in particular, the pyrrolidinyl group with its strong electron-donating properties enhanced the fluorescence of such core-substituted NDI chromophores and caused a significant bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum with a correspondingly narrowed bandgap of 1.94 eV. Cyclic voltammetry showed the redox properties of NDIs to be influenced by core substituents. The strong electron-donating character of pyrrolidine substituents results in rather high HOMO and LUMO levels of -5.31 and -3.37 eV when compared with the parental unsubstituted NDI. UHV-STM measurements of a sub-monolayer of the rigid tripodal NDI chromophores spray deposited on Au(111) show that these molecules mainly tend to adsorb flat in a pairwise fashion on the surface and form unordered films. However, the STML experiments also revealed a few molecular clusters, which might consist of upright oriented molecules protruding from the molecular island and show electroluminescence photon spectra with high electroluminescence yields of up to 6×10-3 . These results demonstrate the promising potential of the NDI tripodal chromophores for the fabrication of molecular devices profiting from optical features of the molecular layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Balzer
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jan Lukášek
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Vibhuti Rai
- Institute of Quantum Materials and TechnologiesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Qing Sun
- Institute of Quantum Materials and TechnologiesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute of Quantum Materials and TechnologiesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Quantum Materials and TechnologiesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76021KarlsruheGermany
- Physikalisches InstitutKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyWolfgang-Gaede-Straße 176131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong510275P. R. China
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7
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Das S, Nascimbeni G, de la Morena RO, Ishiwari F, Shoji Y, Fukushima T, Buck M, Zojer E, Zharnikov M. Porous Honeycomb Self-Assembled Monolayers: Tripodal Adsorption and Hidden Chirality of Carboxylate Anchored Triptycenes on Ag. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11168-11179. [PMID: 34125529 PMCID: PMC8320238 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with tripodal anchoring to substrates represent a versatile platform for the fabrication of robust self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), complementing the conventional monopodal approach. In this context, we studied the adsorption of 1,8,13-tricarboxytriptycene (Trip-CA) on Ag(111), mimicked by a bilayer of silver atoms underpotentially deposited on Au. While tripodal SAMs frequently suffer from poor structural quality and inhomogeneous bonding configurations, the triptycene scaffold featuring three carboxylic acid anchoring groups yields highly crystalline SAM structures. A pronounced polymorphism is observed, with the formation of distinctly different structures depending on preparation conditions. Besides hexagonal molecular arrangements, the occurrence of a honeycomb structure is particularly intriguing as such an open structure is unusual for SAMs consisting of upright-standing molecules. Advanced spectroscopic tools reveal an equivalent bonding of all carboxylic acid anchoring groups. Notably, density functional theory calculations predict a chiral arrangement of the molecules in the honeycomb network, which, surprisingly, is not apparent in experimental scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. This seeming discrepancy between theory and experiment can be resolved by considering the details of the actual electronic structure of the adsorbate layer. The presented results represent an exemplary showcase for the intricacy of interpreting STM images of complex molecular films. They are also further evidence for the potential of triptycenes as basic building blocks for generating well-defined layers with unusual structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saunak Das
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Nascimbeni
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. A review of oligo(arylene ethynylene) derivatives in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10668-10711. [PMID: 34110337 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(arylene ethynylene) (OAE) derivatives are the "workhorse" molecules of molecular electronics. Their ease of synthesis and flexibility of functionalisation mean that a diverse array of OAE molecular wires have been designed, synthesised and studied theoretically and experimentally in molecular junctions using both single-molecule and ensemble methods. This review summarises the breadth of molecular designs that have been investigated with emphasis on structure-property relationships with respect to the electronic conductance of OAEs. The factors considered include molecular length, connectivity, conjugation, (anti)aromaticity, heteroatom effects and quantum interference (QI). Growing interest in the thermoelectric properties of OAE derivatives, which are expected to be at the forefront of research into organic thermoelectric devices, is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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9
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Man Ngo F, Tse ECM. Bioinorganic Platforms for Sensing, Biomimicry, and Energy Catalysis. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fung Man Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang 311305, P. R. China
| | - Edmund C. M. Tse
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang 311305, P. R. China
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10
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Frauhammer T, Gerhard L, Edelmann K, Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Wulfhekel W. Addressing a lattice of rotatable molecular dipoles with the electric field of an STM tip. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4874-4881. [PMID: 33616122 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06146h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional molecular groups mounted on specific foot structures are ideal model systems to study intermolecular interactions, due to the possibility to separate the functionality and the adsorption mechanism. Here, we report on the rotational switching of a thioacetate group mounted on a tripodal tetraphenylmethane (TPM) derivative adsorbed in ordered islands on a Au(111) surface. Using low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy, individual freestanding molecular groups of the lattice can be switched between two bistable orientations. The functional dependence of this rotational switching on the sample bias and tip-sample distance allows us to model the energy landscape of this molecular group as an electric dipole in the electric field of the tunnelling junction. As expected for the interaction of two dipoles, we found states of neighbouring molecules to be correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Frauhammer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kevin Edelmann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), 510275 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Semakin AN, Nelyubina YV, Ioffe SL, Sukhorukov AY. 2,4,9‐Triazaadamantanes with “Clickable” Groups: Synthesis, Structure and Applications as Tripodal Platforms. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem N. Semakin
- Laboratory of organic and metal‐organic nitrogen‐oxygen systems N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prospect, 47 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- Center for molecular composition studies A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- Laboratory of organic and metal‐organic nitrogen‐oxygen systems N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prospect, 47 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey Yu. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of organic and metal‐organic nitrogen‐oxygen systems N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prospect, 47 119991 Moscow Russia
- Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Stremyanny per. 36 117997 Moscow Russia
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12
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Nanofabrication Techniques in Large-Area Molecular Electronic Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The societal impact of the electronics industry is enormous—not to mention how this industry impinges on the global economy. The foreseen limits of the current technology—technical, economic, and sustainability issues—open the door to the search for successor technologies. In this context, molecular electronics has emerged as a promising candidate that, at least in the short-term, will not likely replace our silicon-based electronics, but improve its performance through a nascent hybrid technology. Such technology will take advantage of both the small dimensions of the molecules and new functionalities resulting from the quantum effects that govern the properties at the molecular scale. An optimization of interface engineering and integration of molecules to form densely integrated individually addressable arrays of molecules are two crucial aspects in the molecular electronics field. These challenges should be met to establish the bridge between organic functional materials and hard electronics required for the incorporation of such hybrid technology in the market. In this review, the most advanced methods for fabricating large-area molecular electronic devices are presented, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is focused on bottom-up methodologies for the fabrication of well-ordered and tightly-packed monolayers onto the bottom electrode, followed by a description of the top-contact deposition methods so far used.
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13
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Benneckendorf FS, Rohnacher V, Sauter E, Hillebrandt S, Münch M, Wang C, Casalini S, Ihrig K, Beck S, Jänsch D, Freudenberg J, Jaegermann W, Samorì P, Pucci A, Bunz UHF, Zharnikov M, Müllen K. Tetrapodal Diazatriptycene Enforces Orthogonal Orientation in Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6565-6572. [PMID: 31825591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conformationally rigid multipodal molecules should control the orientation and packing density of functional head groups upon self-assembly on solid supports. Common tripods frequently fail in this regard because of inhomogeneous bonding configuration and stochastic orientation. These issues are circumvented by a suitable tetrapodal diazatriptycene moiety, bearing four thiol-anchoring groups, as demonstrated in the present study. Such molecules form well-defined self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) substrates, whereby the tetrapodal scaffold enforces a nearly upright orientation of the terminal head group with respect to the substrate, with at least three of the four anchoring groups providing thiolate-like covalent attachment to the surface. Functionalization by condensation chemistry allows a large variety of functional head groups to be introduced to the tetrapod, paving the path toward advanced surface engineering and sensor fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Benneckendorf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Valentina Rohnacher
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Eric Sauter
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sabina Hillebrandt
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9SS , United Kingdom
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Maybritt Münch
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Materials Science Department, Surface Science Division , TU Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Straße 3 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Can Wang
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Stefano Casalini
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Katharina Ihrig
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Daniel Jänsch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Materials Science Department, Surface Science Division , TU Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Straße 3 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Straße 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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14
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O'Driscoll LJ, Wang X, Jay M, Batsanov AS, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ, Robinson BJ, Bryce MR. Carbazole-Based Tetrapodal Anchor Groups for Gold Surfaces: Synthesis and Conductance Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:882-889. [PMID: 31714641 PMCID: PMC7027450 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the field of molecular-scale electronics matures and the prospect of devices incorporating molecular wires becomes more feasible, it is necessary to progress from the simple anchor groups used in fundamental conductance studies to more elaborate anchors designed with device stability in mind. This study presents a series of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) wires with one tetrapodal anchor and a phenyl or pyridyl head group. The new anchors are designed to bind strongly to gold surfaces without disrupting the conductance pathway of the wires. Conductive probe atomic force microscopy (cAFM) was used to determine the conductance of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the wires in Au-SAM-Pt and Au-SAM-graphene junctions, from which the conductance per molecule was derived. For tolane-type wires, mean conductances per molecule of up to 10-4.37 G0 (Pt) and 10-3.78 G0 (graphene) were measured, despite limited electronic coupling to the Au electrode, demonstrating the potential of this approach. Computational studies of the surface binding geometry and transport properties rationalise and support the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. O'Driscoll
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower MountjoyStockton RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Xintai Wang
- Physics DepartmentLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Michael Jay
- Physics DepartmentLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Andrei S. Batsanov
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower MountjoyStockton RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Physics DepartmentLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | | | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower MountjoyStockton RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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15
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Yan S, Tang C, Wang X, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhang C, Liu S. Hierarchical MnO2 nanowire arrays consisting of multitripod structures grown on porous carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitor electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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O'Driscoll LJ, Wang X, Jay M, Batsanov AS, Sadeghi H, Lambert CJ, Robinson BJ, Bryce MR. Carbazole‐Based Tetrapodal Anchor Groups for Gold Surfaces: Synthesis and Conductance Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. O'Driscoll
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower Mountjoy Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Xintai Wang
- Physics DepartmentLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Michael Jay
- Physics DepartmentLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Andrei S. Batsanov
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower Mountjoy Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Physics DepartmentLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of ChemistryDurham University, Lower Mountjoy Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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17
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Delarue Bizzini L, Zwick P, Mayor M. Preparation of Unsymmetrical Disulfides from Thioacetates and Thiosulfonates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Zwick
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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18
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Herrer L, Ismael A, Martín S, Milan DC, Serrano JL, Nichols RJ, Lambert C, Cea P. Single molecule vs. large area design of molecular electronic devices incorporating an efficient 2-aminepyridine double anchoring group. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15871-15880. [PMID: 31414113 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05662a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When a molecule is bound to external electrodes by terminal anchor groups, the latter are of paramount importance in determining the electrical conductance of the resulting molecular junction. Here we explore the electrical properties of a molecule with bidentate anchor groups, namely 4,4'-(1,4-phenylenebis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(pyridin-2-amine), in both large area devices and at the single molecule level. We find an electrical conductance of 0.6 × 10-4G0 and 1.2 × 10-4G0 for the monolayer and for the single molecule, respectively. These values are approximately one order of magnitude higher than those reported for monodentate materials having the same molecular skeleton. A combination of theory and experiments is employed to understand the conductance of monolayer and single molecule electrical junctions featuring this new multidentate anchor group. Our results demonstrate that the molecule has a tilt angle of 30° with respect to the normal to the surface in the monolayer, while the break-off length in the single molecule junction occurs for molecules having a tilt angle estimated as 40°, which would account for the difference in their conductance values per molecule. The bidentate 2-aminepyridine anchor is of general interest as a contact group, since this terminal functionalized aromatic ring favours binding of the adsorbate to the metal contact resulting in enhanced conductance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Herrer
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. and Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Edificio I+D Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - A Ismael
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK. and Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - S Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - D C Milan
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J L Serrano
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Edificio I+D Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK. and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - C Lambert
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - P Cea
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. and Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Edificio I+D Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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Šebera J, Lindner M, Gasior J, Mészáros G, Fuhr O, Mayor M, Valášek M, Kolivoška V, Hromadová M. Tuning the contact conductance of anchoring groups in single molecule junctions by molecular design. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12959-12964. [PMID: 31259338 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tetraphenylmethane tripod functionalized with three thiol moieties in the para position can serve as a supporting platform for functional molecular electronic elements. A combined experimental scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique with theoretical approaches based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function formalism was used for detailed charge transport analysis to find configurations, geometries and charge transport pathways in the molecular junctions of single molecule oligo-1,4-phenylene conductors containing this tripodal anchoring group. The effect of molecular length (n = 1 to 4 repeating phenylene units) on the charge transport properties and junction configurations is addressed. The number of covalent attachments between the electrode and the tripodal platform changes with n affecting the contact conductance of the junction. The longest homologue n = 4 adopts an upright configuration with all three para thiolate moieties of the tripod attached to the gold electrode. The contact conductance of the tetraphenylmethane tripod substituted by thiols in the para position is higher than that substituted in the meta position. Such molecular arrangement is highly conducting and allows well-defined directional positioning of a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Šebera
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jindřich Gasior
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Gábor Mészáros
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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20
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Homberg J, Lindner M, Gerhard L, Edelmann K, Frauhammer T, Nahas Y, Valášek M, Mayor M, Wulfhekel W. Six state molecular revolver mounted on a rigid platform. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9015-9022. [PMID: 31020977 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00259f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rotation of entire molecules or large moieties happens at 100 ps time scales and the transition process itself is experimentally inaccessible to scanning probe techniques. However, the reversible switching of a molecule between more than two metastable states allows to assign a rotational switching direction. Rotational switching is a phenomenon that is particularly interesting with regard to possible applications in molecular motors. In this work, single tetraphenylmethane molecules deposited on a Au(111) surface were studied in a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). These molecules comprise rotational axes mounted on a tripodal sulfur-anchored stand and with the STM tip, we were able to induce transitions between six rotational states of the molecular motif. We were able to identify critical parameters for the onset of rotational switching and to characterize the influence of the local environment. The subtle difference between fcc and hcp stacking and the rotational state of neighboring molecules clearly influence the population of the rotational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homberg
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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21
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Freibert A, Dieterich JM, Hartke B. Exploring self-organization of molecular tether molecules on a gold surface by global structure optimization. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1978-1989. [PMID: 31069834 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We employ nondeterministic global cluster structure optimization, based on the evolutionary algorithms paradigm, to model the self-assembly of complex molecules on a surface. As a real-life application example directly related to many recent experiments, we use this approach for the assembly of triazatriangulene "platform" molecules on the Au(111) surface. Without additional restrictions like spatial discretizations, coarse-graining or precalculated adsorption poses, and despite the proof-of-principle character of this study, we achieve satisfactory qualitative agreement with several experimental observations and can provide answers to questions that experiments on these species had left open so far. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Freibert
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Johannnes M Dieterich
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Hartke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Ishiwari F, Nascimbeni G, Sauter E, Tago H, Shoji Y, Fujii S, Kiguchi M, Tada T, Zharnikov M, Zojer E, Fukushima T. Triptycene Tripods for the Formation of Highly Uniform and Densely Packed Self-Assembled Monolayers with Controlled Molecular Orientation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5995-6005. [PMID: 30869881 PMCID: PMC6483319 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
When
employing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for tuning surface
and interface properties, organic molecules that enable strong binding
to the substrate, large-area structural uniformity, precise alignment
of functional groups, and control of their density are highly desirable.
To achieve these goals, tripod systems bearing multiple bonding sites
have been developed as an alternative to conventional monodentate
systems. Bonding of all three sites has, however, hardly been achieved,
with the consequence that structural uniformity and orientational
order in tripodal SAMs are usually quite poor. To overcome that problem,
we designed 1,8,13-trimercaptomethyltriptycene (T1) and
1,8,13-trimercaptotriptycene (T2) as potential tripodal
SAM precursors and investigated their adsorption behavior on Au(111)
combining several advanced experimental techniques and state-of-the-art
theoretical simulations. Both SAMs adopt dense, nested hexagonal structures
but differ in their adsorption configurations and structural uniformity.
While the T2-based SAM exhibits a low degree of order
and noticeable deviation from the desired tripodal anchoring, all
three anchoring groups of T1 are equally bonded to the
surface as thiolates, resulting in an almost upright orientation of
the benzene rings and large-area structural uniformity. These superior
properties are attributed to the effect of conformationally flexible
methylene linkers at the anchoring groups, absent in the case of T2. Both SAMs display interesting electronic properties, and,
bearing in mind that the triptycene framework can be functionalized
by tail groups in various positions and with high degree of alignment,
especially T1 appears as an ideal docking platform for
complex and highly functional molecular films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Nascimbeni
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , Graz 8010 , Austria
| | - Eric Sauter
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | | | | | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | | | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , Graz 8010 , Austria
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23
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Kolivoška V, Šebera J, Sebechlebská T, Lindner M, Gasior J, Mészáros G, Mayor M, Valášek M, Hromadová M. Probabilistic mapping of single molecule junction configurations as a tool to achieve the desired geometry of asymmetric tripodal molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3351-3354. [PMID: 30815643 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Four molecules containing identical tripodal anchors and p-oligophenylene molecular wires of increasing length were used to demonstrate tuning of the asymmetric molecular junction to the desired geometry by probabilistic mapping of single molecule junction configurations in a scanning tunnelling microscopy break junction experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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24
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Herrer IL, Ismael AK, Milán DC, Vezzoli A, Martín S, González-Orive A, Grace I, Lambert C, Serrano JL, Nichols RJ, Cea P. Unconventional Single-Molecule Conductance Behavior for a New Heterocyclic Anchoring Group: Pyrazolyl. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5364-5372. [PMID: 30160491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrical conductance across a molecular junction is strongly determined by the anchoring group of the molecule. Here we highlight the unusual behavior of 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4-ylethynyl)benzene that exhibits unconventional junction current versus junction-stretching distance curves, which are peak-shaped and feature two conducting states of 2.3 × 10-4 G0 and 3.4 × 10-4 G0. A combination of theory and experiments is used to understand the conductance of single-molecule junctions featuring this new anchoring group, i.e., pyrazolyl. These results demonstrate that the pyrazolyl moiety changes its protonation state and contact binding during junction evolution and that it also binds in either end-on or facial geometries with gold contacts. The pyrazolyl moiety holds general interest as a contacting group, because this linkage leads to a strong double anchoring of the molecule to the gold electrode, resulting in enhanced conductance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lucia Herrer
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), edificio i+d Campus Río Ebro , Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n , 50018 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Ali K Ismael
- Department of Physics , University of Lancaster , Lancaster LA1 4YB , United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science , Tikrit University , Tikrit , Iraq
| | - David C Milán
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , United Kingdom
| | - Santiago Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Orive
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry , University of Paderborn , Warburger Straße 100 , 33098 Paderborn , Germany
| | - Iain Grace
- Department of Physics , University of Lancaster , Lancaster LA1 4YB , United Kingdom
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of Physics , University of Lancaster , Lancaster LA1 4YB , United Kingdom
| | - José L Serrano
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), edificio i+d Campus Río Ebro , Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n , 50018 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool L69 7ZD , United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Cea
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), edificio i+d Campus Río Ebro , Universidad de Zaragoza , C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n , 50018 Zaragoza , Spain
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25
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Ivleva EA, Baimuratov MR, Pogulyaiko AV, Malinovskaya AA, Kulikova IA, Tyshchenko VA, Pozdnyakov VV, Ovchinnikov KA, Klimochkin YN. Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Diesters of 5,7-Dimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-1-adamantanol. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218080091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Schlimm A, Stucke N, Flöser BM, Rusch T, Krahmer J, Näther C, Strunskus T, Magnussen OM, Tuczek F. Influence of a Metal Substrate on Small-Molecule Activation Mediated by a Surface-Adsorbed Complex. Chemistry 2018; 24:10732-10744. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schlimm
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Nadja Stucke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Benedikt M. Flöser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstrasse 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science-Multicomponent Materials; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Kaiserstrasse 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstrasse 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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27
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Davidson RJ, Milan DC, Al-Owaedi OA, Ismael AK, Nichols RJ, Higgins SJ, Lambert CJ, Yufit DS, Beeby A. Conductance of ‘bare-bones’ tripodal molecular wires. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23585-23590. [PMID: 35540267 PMCID: PMC9081744 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the orientation of molecular conductors on the electrode surfaces is a critical factor in the development of single-molecule conductors. In the current study, we used the scanning tunnelling microscopy-based break junction (STM-BJ) technique to explore ‘bare-bones’ tripodal molecular wires, employing different anchor groups (AGs) at the ‘top’ and ‘bottom’ of the tripod. The triarylphosphine tris(4-(methylthio)phenyl)phosphine and its corresponding phosphine sulfide showed only a single high conductance feature in the resulting 1- and 2-dimensional conductance histograms, whereas analogous molecules with fewer than three thiomethyl AGs did not show clear conductance features. Thus, by systematic molecular modifications and with the aid of supporting DFT calculations, the binding geometry, with respect to the surface, was elucidated. When venturing into the field of tripodal molecular conductors the geometry of the tripod with respect to the surface is a critical factor affecting conductance. Here we examine the behaviour of a tripodal conductor by systematic modifications of a triarylphosphine system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C. Milan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Oday A. Al-Owaedi
- Department of Physics
- University of Lancaster
- UK
- Department of Laser Physics
- Women Faculty of Science
| | - Ali K. Ismael
- Department of Physics
- University of Lancaster
- UK
- Department of Physics
- College of Education for Pure Science
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham
- UK
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28
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Investigation of the geometrical arrangement and single molecule charge transport in self-assembled monolayers of molecular towers based on tetraphenylmethane tripod. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Valášek M, Mayor M. Spatial and Lateral Control of Functionality by Rigid Molecular Platforms. Chemistry 2017; 23:13538-13548. [PMID: 28766790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface mounted molecular devices have received significant attention in the scientific community because of their unique ability to construct functional materials. The key involves the platform on which the molecular device works on solid substrates, such as in solid-liquid or solid-vacuum interfaces. Here, we outline the concept of rigid molecular platforms to immobilize active functionality atop flat surfaces in a controllable manner. Most of these (multipodal) platforms have at least three anchoring groups to control the spatial arrangement of the protruding functional moieties and form mechanically stable and electronically tuned contacts to the underlying substrate. Another approach is based on employing of flat aromatic scaffolds bearing perpendicular functionalities that form stable lateral assemblies on various surfaces. Emphasis is placed on the need for controllable assembly and separation of these tailor-made molecules that expose functionalities at the molecular scale. The discussions are focused on the different molecular designs realizing functional 3D architectures on surfaces, the role of various anchoring strategies to control the spatial arrangement, and structural considerations controlling physical features like the coupling to the surface or the available space for sterically demanding molecular operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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The DFT-NEGF scrutiny of doped fullerene junctions. J Mol Model 2017; 23:221. [PMID: 28702804 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Using the smallest non-classical fullerene, we investigate the impact of doping at the molecule-electrode interface on the electron transport of molecular junctions. This is accomplished by employing the density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function. We contemplate different electronic parameters, namely, density of states, transmission coefficient, energy levels, molecular orbitals, conduction gaps, electron density, and their charge transfer. The relevance of these physical parameters is obtained to calculate their electrical parameters, current, and conductance, computed from Landauer-Büttiker formalism. The molecule-electrode coupling is influenced by the nature of doping atoms and affects the junction devices in a unique course. A particular aftermath is noticed in Au-C18O2-Au device with highest ballistic transport despite the electro-negative nature of oxygen atoms. Moreover, an interesting feature is observed in Au-C18Be2-Au device with double-barrier transmission resonance and corresponding oscillating conductance. Graphical abstract The doped C20 fullerene in molecular and device mode.
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31
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Frauhammer T, Wulfhekel W, Gerhard L. Molekulares Kästchenpapier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Departement Chemie; Universität Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; LIFM, Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU; Guangzhou V.R. China
| | - Timo Frauhammer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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32
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Frauhammer T, Wulfhekel W, Gerhard L. Molecular Graph Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8290-8294. [PMID: 28544167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a self-assembled template that consists of tetraphenylmethane derivatives and adopts a periodic lateral arrangement on a Au(111) surface with acetyl groups sticking out of the molecular film. By using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, these acetyl groups can be removed in a spatially controlled way without significantly affecting the remaining molecular assembly. The chemically modified molecules can be readily distinguished from the original ones such that information can be engraved in the molecular film. Both the modified nature of an individual molecule and the order of the molecular film are shown to persist at room temperature. The mesh size of this molecular graph paper can be tuned by varying the length of the molecular spacer so that writing and reading information on the nanoscale with variable letter sizes becomes possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, LIFM, Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Timo Frauhammer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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33
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Gerhard L, Edelmann K, Homberg J, Valášek M, Bahoosh SG, Lukas M, Pauly F, Mayor M, Wulfhekel W. An electrically actuated molecular toggle switch. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14672. [PMID: 28276442 PMCID: PMC5347093 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular electronics is considered a promising approach for future nanoelectronic devices. In order that molecular junctions can be used as electrical switches or even memory devices, they need to be actuated between two distinct conductance states in a controlled and reproducible manner by external stimuli. Here we present a tripodal platform with a cantilever arm and a nitrile group at its end that is lifted from the surface. The formation of a coordinative bond between the nitrile nitrogen and the gold tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope can be controlled by both electrical and mechanical means, and leads to a hysteretic switching of the conductance of the junction by more than two orders of magnitude. This toggle switch can be actuated with high reproducibility so that the forces involved in the mechanical deformation of the molecular cantilever can be determined precisely with scanning tunnelling microscopy. Robust molecular junctions demand highly reproducible switching between two or more well-defined conductance states upon control. Here, Gerhard et al. show the utility of elastic deformation of tripodal spirobifluorene derivatives in the junction of a scanning tunnelling microscope to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gerhard
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kevin Edelmann
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Homberg
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Safa G Bahoosh
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maya Lukas
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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34
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Sahu P, Shimpi J, Lee HJ, Lee TR, Prasad BLV. Digestive Ripening of Au Nanoparticles Using Multidentate Ligands. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1943-1950. [PMID: 28127959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of multidentate ligands as digestive ripening (DR) agents for the preparation of monodisperse Au nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated. This systematic investigation was performed using ligands possessing one, two, or three thiol moieties as ligands/DR agents. Our results clearly establish that among the different ligands, monodentate ligands and the use of temperature in the range of 60-120 °C offer the best conditions for DR. In addition, when DR was carried out at lower temperatures (e.g., 60 °C), the NP size increased as the number of thiol groups per ligand increased. However, in the case of ligands possessing two and three thiol moieties, when they were heated with polydispersed particles at higher temperatures (120 or 180 °C), the etching process dominated, which affected the quality of the NPs in terms of their monodispersity. We conclude that the temperature-dependent strength of the interaction between the ligand headgroup and the NP surface plays a vital role in controlling the final particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspanjali Sahu
- Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Jayesh Shimpi
- Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Han Ju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Bhagavatula L V Prasad
- Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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35
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Homberg J, Edelmann K, Gerhard L, Wulfhekel W, Fuhr O, Wächter T, Zharnikov M, Kolivoška V, Pospíšil L, Mészáros G, Hromadová M, Mayor M. Importance of the Anchor Group Position (ParaversusMeta) in Tetraphenylmethane Tripods: Synthesis and Self-Assembly Features. Chemistry 2016; 22:13218-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jan Homberg
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Kevin Edelmann
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tobias Wächter
- Applied Physical Chemistry; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Pospíšil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Mészáros
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS; Magyar tudósok krt. 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of ASCR v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU); XinGangXi Rd. 135 510275 Guangzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johannsring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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36
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Karimi MA, Bahoosh SG, Valášek M, Bürkle M, Mayor M, Pauly F, Scheer E. Identification of the current path for a conductive molecular wire on a tripodal platform. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10582-10590. [PMID: 27163116 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08708b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the chemical synthesis as well as charge transport measurements and calculations for a new tripodal platform based on a rigid 9,9'-spirobifluorene equipped with a phenylene-ethynylene wire. The transport experiments are performed with the help of the low-temperature mechanically controlled break junction technique with gold electrodes. By combining experimental and theoretical investigations of elastic and inelastic charge transport, we show that the current proceeds through the designated molecular wire and identify a binding geometry that is compatible with the experimental observations. The conductive molecular wire on the platform features a well-defined and relatively high conductance of the order of 10(-3)G0 despite the length of the current path of more than 1.7 nm, demonstrating that this platform is suitable to incorporate functional units like molecular switches or sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - S G Bahoosh
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - M Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Bürkle
- Nanosystem Research Institute (NRI) 'RICS', National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - M Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland and Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, China
| | - F Pauly
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - E Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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