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Fan Y, El Rhaz A, Maisonneuve S, Gillon E, Fatthalla M, Le Bideau F, Laurent G, Messaoudi S, Imberty A, Xie J. Photoswitchable glycoligands targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa LecA. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1486-1496. [PMID: 38978747 PMCID: PMC11228623 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is one of main causes of bacterial antimicrobial resistance infections. It is known that the soluble lectins LecA and LecB, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, play a key role in biofilm formation and lung infection. Bacterial lectins are therefore attractive targets for the development of new antibiotic-sparing anti-infective drugs. Building synthetic glycoconjugates for the inhibition and modulation of bacterial lectins have shown promising results. Light-sensitive lectin ligands could allow the modulation of lectins activity with precise spatiotemporal control. Despite the potential of photoswitchable tools, few photochromic lectin ligands have been developed. We have designed and synthesized several O- and S-galactosyl azobenzenes as photoswitchable ligands of LecA and evaluated their binding affinity with isothermal titration calorimetry. We show that the synthesized monovalent glycoligands possess excellent photophysical properties and strong affinity for targeted LecA with K d values in the micromolar range. Analysis of the thermodynamic contribution indicates that the Z-azobenzene isomers have a systematically stronger favorable enthalpy contribution than the corresponding E-isomers, but due to stronger unfavorable entropy, they are in general of lower affinity. The validation of this proof-of-concept and the dissection of thermodynamics of binding will help for the further development of lectin ligands that can be controlled by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Alembert, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ahmed El Rhaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphane Maisonneuve
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Alembert, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emilie Gillon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maha Fatthalla
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Orsay, France
| | | | - Guillaume Laurent
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Alembert, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, ENSTA, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Xie
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Alembert, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Deactivatable Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Protein Kinases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196689. [PMID: 36235226 PMCID: PMC9573699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bivalent ligands, including bisubstrate inhibitors, are conjugates of pharmacophores, which simultaneously target two binding sites of the biomolecule. Such structures offer attainable means for the development of compounds whose ability to bind to the biological target could be modulated by an external trigger. In the present work, two deactivatable bisubstrate inhibitors of basophilic protein kinases (PKs) were constructed by conjugating the pharmacophores via linkers that could be cleaved in response to external stimuli. The inhibitor ARC-2121 incorporated a photocleavable nitrodibenzofuran-comprising β-amino acid residue in the structure of the linker. The pharmacophores of the other deactivatable inhibitor ARC-2194 were conjugated via reduction-cleavable disulfide bond. The disassembly of the inhibitors was monitored by HPLC-MS. The affinity and inhibitory potency of the inhibitors toward cAMP-dependent PK (PKAcα) were established by an equilibrium competitive displacement assay and enzyme activity assay, respectively. The deactivatable inhibitors possessed remarkably high 1-2-picomolar affinity toward PKAcα. Irradiation of ARC-2121 with 365 nm UV radiation led to reaction products possessing a 30-fold reduced affinity. The chemical reduction of ARC-2194 resulted in the decrease of affinity of over four orders of magnitude. The deactivatable inhibitors of PKs are valuable tools for the temporal inhibition or capture of these pharmacologically important enzymes.
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3
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Osswald U, Boneberg J, Wittmann V. Photoswitching Affinity and Mechanism of Multivalent Lectin Ligands. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200267. [PMID: 35286724 PMCID: PMC9325471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent receptor–ligand binding is a key principle in a plethora of biological recognition processes. Immense binding affinities can be achieved with the correct spatial orientation of the ligands. Accordingly, the incorporation of photoswitches, which can be used to reversibly change the spatial orientation of molecules, into multivalent ligands is a means to alter the binding affinity and possibly also the binding mode of such ligands. We report a divalent ligand for the model lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) containing an arylazopyrazole photoswitch. This switch, which has recently been introduced as an alternative to the more commonly used azobenzene moiety, is characterized by almost quantitative E/Z photoswitching in both directions, high quantum yields, and high thermal stability of the Z isomer. The ligand was designed in a way that only one of the isomers is able to bridge adjacent binding sites of WGA leading to a chelating binding mode. Photoswitching induces an unprecedentedly high change in lectin binding affinity as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Furthermore, additional dynamic light scattering (DLS) data suggest that the binding mode of the ligand changes from chelating binding of the E isomer to crosslinking binding of the Z isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Osswald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Konstanz78457KonstanzGermany
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4
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Johnson H, Chambers LC, Holloway JO, Bousgas A, Akhtar-Khavari A, Blinco J, Barner-Kowollik C. Using precision polymer chemistry for plastics traceability and governance. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Resolving the anonymity of plastic materials is critical for safeguarding the well-being of our natural environments and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Johnson
- School of Law, Faculty of Business and Law, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Lewis C. Chambers
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Joshua O. Holloway
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Annastasia Bousgas
- School of Law, Faculty of Business and Law, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Afshin Akhtar-Khavari
- School of Law, Faculty of Business and Law, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - James Blinco
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Centre for a Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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5
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Banger A, Sindram J, Otten M, Kania J, Wilms D, Strzelczyk A, Miletic S, Marlovits TC, Karg M, Hartmann L. Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic precision glycomacromolecules. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00422k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic precision glycomacromolecules (APG) are synthesized using solid-phase synthesis and studied for their self-assembly behavior and as inhibitors of bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Banger
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Sindram
- Insitute of Physical Chemistry I: Colloids and Nanooptics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Otten
- Insitute of Physical Chemistry I: Colloids and Nanooptics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Kania
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dimitri Wilms
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Strzelczyk
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sean Miletic
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Structural and Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Zentrum (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Marlovits
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Structural and Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Zentrum (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Karg
- Insitute of Physical Chemistry I: Colloids and Nanooptics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Austin MJ, Rosales AM. Tunable biomaterials from synthetic, sequence-controlled polymers. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:490-505. [PMID: 30628589 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials have many applications including therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical implants and devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Both naturally-derived and synthetic materials have successfully been used for these applications in the clinic. However, the increasing complexity of these applications requires materials with advanced properties, especially customizable or tunable materials with bioactivity. To address this issue, there have been recent efforts to better recapitulate the properties of natural materials using synthetic biomaterials composed of sequence-controlled polymers. Sequence control mimics the primary structure found in biopolymers, and in many cases, provides an extra handle for functionality in synthetic polymers. Here, we first review the advances in synthetic methods that have enabled sequence-controlled biomaterials on a relevant scale, and discuss strategies for choosing functional sequences from a biomaterials engineering context. Then, we highlight several recent studies that show strong impact of sequence control on biomaterial properties, including in vitro and in vivo behavior, in the areas of hydrogels, therapeutic materials, and novel applications such as molecular barcodes for medical devices. The role of sequence control in biomaterials properties is an emerging research area, and there remain many opportunities for investigation. Further study of this topic may significantly advance our understanding of bioactive or smart materials, as well as contribute design rules to guide the development of synthetic biomaterials for future applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J Austin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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7
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Lin C, Maisonneuve S, Theulier C, Xie J. Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Azobenzene-Derived Glycomacrolactones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Lin
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 94235 Cachan France
| | | | - Cyril Theulier
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 94235 Cachan France
| | - Juan Xie
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 94235 Cachan France
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8
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Muždalo A, Saalfrank P, Vreede J, Santer M. Cis-to-Trans Isomerization of Azobenzene Derivatives Studied with Transition Path Sampling and Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2042-2051. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Muždalo
- Department of Theory and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jocelyne Vreede
- Computational Chemistry, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Santer
- Department of Theory and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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9
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Baier M, Giesler M, Hartmann L. Split-and-Combine Approach Towards Branched Precision Glycomacromolecules and Their Lectin Binding Behavior. Chemistry 2018; 24:1619-1630. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Baier
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf; Universitaetsstraße 1 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Markus Giesler
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf; Universitaetsstraße 1 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf; Universitaetsstraße 1 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
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10
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Hartweg M, Edwards-Gayle CJC, Radvar E, Collis D, Reza M, Kaupp M, Steinkoenig J, Ruokolainen J, Rambo R, Barner-Kowollik C, Hamley IW, Azevedo HS, Becer CR. Ugi multicomponent reaction to prepare peptide–peptoid hybrid structures with diverse chemical functionalities. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequence defined peptide–peptoid hybrids create new opportunities for self-assembled nano-structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hartweg
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University
- London
- UK
| | | | - Elham Radvar
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University
- London
- UK
| | - Dominic Collis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University
- London
- UK
| | - Mehedi Reza
- Department of Applied Physics
- Aalto University
- Finland
| | - Michael Kaupp
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | | | | | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Ian W. Hamley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University
- London
- UK
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University
- London
- UK
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11
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Boden S, Wagner KG, Karg M, Hartmann L. Presenting Precision Glycomacromolecules on Gold Nanoparticles for Increased Lectin Binding. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E716. [PMID: 30966014 PMCID: PMC6418785 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyco-functionalized gold nanoparticles have great potential as biosensors and as inhibitors due to their increased binding to carbohydrate-recognizing receptors such as the lectins. Here we apply previously developed solid phase polymer synthesis to obtain a series of precision glycomacromolecules that allows for straightforward variation of their chemical structure as well as functionalization of gold nanoparticles by ligand exchange. A novel building block is introduced allowing for the change of spacer building blocks within the macromolecular scaffold going from an ethylene glycol unit to an aliphatic spacer. Furthermore, the valency and overall length of the glycomacromolecule is varied. All glyco-functionalized gold nanoparticles show high degree of functionalization along with high stability in buffer solution. Therefore, a series of measurements applying UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were performed studying the aggregation behavior of the glyco-functionalized gold nanoparticles in presence of model lectin Concanavalin A. While the multivalent presentation of glycomacromolecules on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed a strong increase in binding compared to the free ligands, we also observed an influence of the chemical structure of the ligand such as its valency or hydrophobicity on the resulting lectin interactions. The straightforward variation of the chemical structure of the precision glycomacromolecule thus gives access to tailor-made glyco-gold nanoparticles (glyco-AuNPs) and fine-tuning of their lectin binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Boden
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Kristina G Wagner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Karg
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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12
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Igde S, Röblitz S, Müller A, Kolbe K, Boden S, Fessele C, Lindhorst TK, Weber M, Hartmann L. Linear Precision Glycomacromolecules with Varying Interligand Spacing and Linker Functionalities Binding to Concanavalin A and the Bacterial Lectin FimH. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinaida Igde
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Susanna Röblitz
- Department of Numerical Mathematics; Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB); Takustr. 7 14195 Berlin Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry; Christiana Albertina University of Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Katharina Kolbe
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry; Christiana Albertina University of Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Sophia Boden
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Claudia Fessele
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry; Christiana Albertina University of Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Thisbe K. Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry; Christiana Albertina University of Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Marcus Weber
- Department of Numerical Mathematics; Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB); Takustr. 7 14195 Berlin Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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13
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Martens S, Holloway JO, Du Prez FE. Click and Click-Inspired Chemistry for the Design of Sequence-Controlled Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28990247 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the previous decade, many popular chemical reactions used in the area of "click" chemistry and similarly efficient "click-inspired" reactions have been applied for the design of sequence-defined and, more generally, sequence-controlled structures. This combination of topics has already made quite a significant impact on scientific research to date and has enabled the synthesis of highly functionalized and complex oligomeric and polymeric structures, which offer the prospect of many exciting further developments and applications in the near future. This minireview highlights the fruitful combination of these two topics for the preparation of sequence-controlled oligomeric and macromolecular structures and showcases the vast number of publications in this field within a relatively short span of time. It is divided into three sections according to the click-(inspired) reaction that has been applied: copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, thiol-X, and related thiolactone-based reactions, and finally Diels-Alder-chemistry-based routes are outlined, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Martens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joshua O Holloway
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Hu Y, Beshr G, Garvey CJ, Tabor RF, Titz A, Wilkinson BL. Photoswitchable Janus glycodendrimer micelles as multivalent inhibitors of LecA and LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:605-612. [PMID: 28858663 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first example of the self-assembly and lectin binding properties of photoswitchable glycodendrimer micelles is reported. Light-addressable micelles were assembled from a library of 12 amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers composed of variable carbohydrate head groups and hydrophobic tail groups linked to an azobenzene core. Spontaneous association in water gave cylindrical micelles with uniform size distribution as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Trans-cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene dendrimer core was used to probe the self-assembly behaviour and lectin binding properties of cylindrical micelles, revealing moderate-to-potent inhibition of lectins LecA and LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Hu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ghamdan Beshr
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Australian Centre for Neutron scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brendan L Wilkinson
- School of Science and Technology, the University of New England, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
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15
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Sequence and Architectural Control in Glycopolymer Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Gerke C, Ebbesen MF, Jansen D, Boden S, Freichel T, Hartmann L. Sequence-Controlled Glycopolymers via Step-Growth Polymerization of Precision Glycomacromolecules for Lectin Receptor Clustering. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:787-796. [PMID: 28117986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A versatile approach for the synthesis of sequence-controlled multiblock copolymers, using a combination of solid phase synthesis and step-growth polymerization by photoinduced thiol-ene coupling (TEC) is presented. Following this strategy, a series of sequence-controlled glycopolymers is derived from the polymerization of a hydrophilic spacer macromonomer and different glycomacromonomers bearing between one to five α-d-Mannose (Man) ligands. Through the solid phase assembly of the macromonomers, the number and positioning of spacer and sugar moieties is controlled and translates into the sequence-control of the final polymer. A maximum M̅n of 16 kDa, corresponding to a X̅n of 10, for the applied macromonomers is accessible with optimized polymerization conditions. The binding behavior of the resulting multiblock glycopolymers toward the model lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) is studied via turbidity assays and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, comparing the ability of precision glycomacromolecules and glycopolymers to bind to and cross-link ConA in dependence of the number of sugar moieties and overall molecular weight. The results show that there is a clear correlation between number of Man ligands and Con A binding and clustering, whereas the length of the glycooligomer- or polymer backbone seems to have no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gerke
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Morten F Ebbesen
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Jansen
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophia Boden
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Freichel
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Kadem LF, Suana KG, Holz M, Wang W, Westerhaus H, Herges R, Selhuber‐Unkel C. High-Frequency Mechanostimulation of Cell Adhesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:225-229. [PMID: 27900823 PMCID: PMC6680150 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is regulated by molecularly defined protein interactions and by mechanical forces, which can activate a dynamic restructuring of adhesion sites. Previous attempts to explore the response of cell adhesion to forces have been limited to applying mechanical stimuli that involve the cytoskeleton. In contrast, we here apply a new, oscillatory type of stimulus through push-pull azobenzenes. Push-pull azobenzenes perform a high-frequency, molecular oscillation upon irradiation with visible light that has frequently been applied in polymer surface relief grating. We here use these oscillations to address single adhesion receptors. The effect of molecular oscillatory forces on cell adhesion has been analyzed using single-cell force spectroscopy and gene expression studies. Our experiments demonstrate a reinforcement of cell adhesion as well as upregulated expression levels of adhesion-associated genes as a result of the nanoscale "tickling" of integrins. This novel type of mechanical stimulus provides a previously unprecedented molecular control of cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith F. Kadem
- Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of KielKaiserstr. 224143KielGermany
| | - K. Grace Suana
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 4KielGermany
| | - Michelle Holz
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 4KielGermany
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of KielKaiserstr. 224143KielGermany
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences230031Hefei, AnhuiChina
| | - Hannes Westerhaus
- Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of KielKaiserstr. 224143KielGermany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 4KielGermany
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18
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Kadem LF, Suana KG, Holz M, Wang W, Westerhaus H, Herges R, Selhuber‐Unkel C. High‐Frequency Mechanostimulation of Cell Adhesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laith F. Kadem
- Institute of Materials Science University of Kiel Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - K. Grace Suana
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Kiel Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel Germany
| | - Michelle Holz
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Kiel Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Materials Science University of Kiel Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences 230031 Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Hannes Westerhaus
- Institute of Materials Science University of Kiel Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Kiel Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel Germany
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19
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Schimka S, Santer S, Mujkić-Ninnemann NM, Bléger D, Hartmann L, Wehle M, Lipowsky R, Santer M. Photosensitive Peptidomimetic for Light-Controlled, Reversible DNA Compaction. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1959-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Schimka
- Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Svetlana Santer
- Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - David Bléger
- Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marko Wehle
- Theory
and Bio-Systems Group, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Theory
and Bio-Systems Group, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark Santer
- Theory
and Bio-Systems Group, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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20
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Bléger D. Orchestrating Molecular Motion with Light - From Single (macro)Molecules to Materials. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bléger
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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21
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Lazar J, Park H, Rosencrantz RR, Böker A, Elling L, Schnakenberg U. Evaluating the Thickness of Multivalent Glycopolymer Brushes for Lectin Binding. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1472-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Lazar
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1; RWTH Aachen University; Sommerfeldstr. 24 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Hyunji Park
- DWI-Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V; Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ruben R. Rosencrantz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Pauwelsstr. 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- DWI-Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V; Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Pauwelsstr. 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Uwe Schnakenberg
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1; RWTH Aachen University; Sommerfeldstr. 24 52074 Aachen Germany
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22
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Hu Y, Tabor RF, Wilkinson BL. Sweetness and light: design and applications of photo-responsive glycoconjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2216-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02296c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitchable glycoconjugates are promising tools for studying biomolecular interactions and for the development of stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Hu
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Australia
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