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Krömer M, Poštová Slavětínská L, Hocek M. Glyco-DNA: Enzymatic Synthesis of Base-Modified and Hypermodified DNA Displaying up to Four Different Monosaccharide Units in the Major Groove. Chemistry 2024:e202402318. [PMID: 38896019 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A portfolio of six modified 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) derivatives derived from 5-substituted pyrimidine or 7-substituted 7-deazapurine bearing different carbohydrate units (d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, l-fucose, sialic acid and N-Ac-d-galactosamine) tethered through propargyl-glycoside linker was designed and synthesized via the Sonogashira reactions of halogenated dNTPs with the corresponding propargyl-glycosides. The nucleotides were found to be good substrates for DNA polymerases in enzymatic primer extension and PCR synthesis of modified and hypermodified DNA displaying up to four different sugars. Proof of concept binding study of sugar-modified oligonucleotides with concanavalin A showed positive effect of avidity and sugar units count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matouš Krömer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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2
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Redman RL, Krauss IJ. Directed Evolution of 2'-Fluoro-Modified, RNA-Supported Carbohydrate Clusters That Bind Tightly to HIV Antibody 2G12. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8565-8571. [PMID: 34096703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate binding proteins (CBPs) are attractive targets in medicine and biology. Multivalency, with several glycans binding to several binding pockets in the CBP, is important for high-affinity interactions. Herein, we describe a novel platform for design of multivalent carbohydrate cluster ligands by directed evolution, in which serum-stable 2'-fluoro modified RNA (F-RNA) backbones evolve to present the glycan in optimal clusters. We have validated this method by the selection of oligomannose (Man9) glycan clusters from a sequence pool of ∼1013 that bind to broadly neutralizing HIV antibody 2G12 with 13 to 36 nM affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Redman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street MS 015, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street MS 015, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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3
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Purcell SC, Godula K. Synthetic glycoscapes: addressing the structural and functional complexity of the glycocalyx. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180080. [PMID: 30842878 PMCID: PMC6388016 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is an information-dense network of biomacromolecules extensively modified through glycosylation that populates the cellular boundary. The glycocalyx regulates biological events ranging from cellular protection and adhesion to signalling and differentiation. Owing to the characteristically weak interactions between individual glycans and their protein binding partners, multivalency of glycan presentation is required for the high-avidity interactions needed to trigger cellular responses. As such, biological recognition at the glycocalyx interface is determined by both the structure of glycans that are present as well as their spatial distribution. While genetic and biochemical approaches have proven powerful in controlling glycan composition, modulating the three-dimensional complexity of the cell-surface 'glycoscape' at the sub-micrometre scale remains a considerable challenge in the field. This focused review highlights recent advances in glycocalyx engineering using synthetic nanoscale glycomaterials, which allows for controlled de novo assembly of complexity with precision not accessible with traditional molecular biology tools. We discuss several exciting new studies in the field that demonstrate the power of precision glycocalyx editing in living cells in revealing and controlling the complex mechanisms by which the glycocalyx regulates biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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4
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Binding inhibition of various influenza viruses by sialyllactose-modified trimer DNAs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:744-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Yu G, Vicini AC, Pieters RJ. Assembly of Divalent Ligands and Their Effect on Divalent Binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectin LecA. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2470-2488. [PMID: 30681333 PMCID: PMC6399674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Divalent
ligands were prepared as inhibitors for the adhesion protein
of the problematic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogen.
Bridging two binding sites enables simultaneous binding of two galactose
moieties, which strongly enhances binding. An alternating motif of
glucose and triazole and aryl groups was shown to have the right mix
of rigidity, solubility, and ease of synthesis. Spacers were varied
with respect to the core unit as well as the aglycon portions in an
attempt to optimize dynamics and enhance interactions with the protein.
Affinities of the divalent ligands were measured by ITC, and Kd’s as low as 12 nM were determined,
notably for a compounds with either a rigid (phenyl) or flexible (butyl)
unit at the core. Introducing a phenyl aglycon moiety next to the
galactoside ligands on both termini did indeed lead to a higher enthalpy
of binding, which was more than compensated by entropic costs. The
results are discussed in terms of thermodynamics and theoretical calculations
of the expected and observed multivalency effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyun Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Anna Chiara Vicini
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
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6
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Dal Corso A, Catalano M, Schmid A, Scheuermann J, Neri D. Affinity Enhancement of Protein Ligands by Reversible Covalent Modification of Neighboring Lysine Residues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marco Catalano
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anja Schmid
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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7
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Dal Corso A, Catalano M, Schmid A, Scheuermann J, Neri D. Affinity Enhancement of Protein Ligands by Reversible Covalent Modification of Neighboring Lysine Residues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17178-17182. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marco Catalano
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anja Schmid
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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8
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Lalitha K, Sridharan V, Maheswari CU, Vemula PK, Nagarajan S. Morphology transition in helical tubules of a supramolecular gel driven by metal ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:1538-1541. [PMID: 28094356 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our aim to access a particular chemical functionality on helical tubules has been achieved by the rational molecular design and synthesis of glucono-appended cardanol derivatives. For the first time, we report a chiral molecular packing with α-helical tubules, and chiral symmetry-breaking upon exposure to Cu2+ that generated the final ordered structure via an in situ morphological transition without undergoing any phase change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Lalitha
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry & The Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry & The Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - C Uma Maheswari
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry & The Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Laboratory of Self-Assembled Biomaterials, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore-560 065, Karnataka, India
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Chemistry & The Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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9
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Machida T, Novoa A, Gillon É, Zheng S, Claudinon J, Eierhoff T, Imberty A, Römer W, Winssinger N. Dynamic Cooperative Glycan Assembly Blocks the Binding of Bacterial Lectins to Epithelial Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Machida
- Department of Organic Chemistry; NCCR Chemical Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Novoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry; NCCR Chemical Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Émilie Gillon
- CERMAV UPR5301, CNRS; Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53; 38041 Grenoble cedex 9 France
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Faculty of Biology; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS); Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Schänzlestraße 18 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Julie Claudinon
- Faculty of Biology; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS); Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Schänzlestraße 18 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Eierhoff
- Faculty of Biology; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS); Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Schänzlestraße 18 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Present address: Institute of Biochemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV UPR5301, CNRS; Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53; 38041 Grenoble cedex 9 France
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS); Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Schänzlestraße 18 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry; NCCR Chemical Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva Switzerland
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10
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Machida T, Novoa A, Gillon É, Zheng S, Claudinon J, Eierhoff T, Imberty A, Römer W, Winssinger N. Dynamic Cooperative Glycan Assembly Blocks the Binding of Bacterial Lectins to Epithelial Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6762-6766. [PMID: 28504473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens frequently rely on lectins for adhesion and cellular entry into the host. Since these interactions typically result from multimeric binding of lectins to cell-surface glycans, novel therapeutic strategies are being developed with the use of glycomimetics as competitors of such interactions. Herein we study the benefit of nucleic acid based oligomeric assemblies with PNA-fucose conjugates. We demonstrate that the interactions of a lectin with epithelial cells can be inhibited with conjugates that do not form stable assemblies in solution but benefit from cooperativity between ligand-protein interactions and PNA hybridization to achieve high affinity. A dynamic dimeric assembly fully blocked the binding of the fucose-binding lectin BambL of Burkholderia ambifaria, a pathogenic bacterium, to epithelial cells with an efficiency of more than 700-fold compared to l-fucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Machida
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Novoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Émilie Gillon
- CERMAV UPR5301, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Faculty of Biology, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julie Claudinon
- Faculty of Biology, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Eierhoff
- Faculty of Biology, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Present address: Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV UPR5301, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Thomas B, Lu X, Birmingham WR, Huang K, Both P, Reyes Martinez JE, Young RJ, Davie CP, Flitsch SL. Application of Biocatalysis to on-DNA Carbohydrate Library Synthesis. Chembiochem 2017; 18:858-863. [PMID: 28127867 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries are increasingly used for the discovery of bioactive lead compounds in high-throughput screening programs against specific biological targets. Although a number of libraries are now available, they cover limited chemical space due to bias in ease of synthesis and the lack of chemical reactions that are compatible with DNA tagging. For example, compound libraries rarely contain complex biomolecules such as carbohydrates with high levels of functionality, stereochemistry, and hydrophilicity. By using biocatalysis in combination with chemical methods, we aimed to significantly expand chemical space and generate generic libraries with potentially better biocompatibility. For DNA-encoded libraries, biocatalysis is particularly advantageous, as it is highly selective and can be performed in aqueous environments, which is an essential feature for this split-and-mix library technology. In this work, we demonstrated the application of biocatalysis for the on-DNA synthesis of carbohydrate-based libraries by using enzymatic oxidation and glycosylation in combination with traditional organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Thomas
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Encoded Library Technologies, NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - William R Birmingham
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Kun Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Peter Both
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Juana Elizabeth Reyes Martinez
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Robert J Young
- Medicinal Chemistry, NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Christopher P Davie
- Encoded Library Technologies, NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 830 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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12
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Recent advances on the encoding and selection methods of DNA-encoded chemical library. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:361-369. [PMID: 28011218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) has emerged as a powerful and versatile tool for ligand discovery in chemical biology research and in drug discovery. Encoding and selection methods are two of the most important technological aspects of DEL that can dictate the performance and utilities of DELs. In this digest, we have summarized recent advances on the encoding and selection strategies of DEL and also discussed the latest developments on DNA-encoded dynamic library, a new frontier in DEL research.
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13
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Huang ML, Fisher CJ, Godula K. Glycomaterials for probing host-pathogen interactions and the immune response. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1042-53. [PMID: 27190259 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial engagement of host cells by pathogens is often mediated by glycan structures presented on the cell surface. Various components of the glycocalyx can be targeted by pathogens for adhesion to facilitate infection. Glycans also play integral roles in the modulation of the host immune response to infection. Therefore, understanding the parameters that define glycan interactions with both pathogens and the various components of the host immune system can aid in the development of strategies to prevent, interrupt, or manage infection. Glycomaterials provide a unique and powerful tool with which to interrogate the compositional and functional complexity of the glycocalyx. The objective of this review is to highlight some key contributions from this area of research in deciphering the mechanisms of pathogenesis and the associated host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia L Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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14
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Machida T, Winssinger N. One-Step Derivatization of Reducing Oligosaccharides for Rapid and Live-Cell-Compatible Chelation-Assisted CuAAC Conjugation. Chembiochem 2016; 17:811-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Machida
- Department of Organic Chemistry; NCCR Chemical Biology; University of Geneva; 30 quai Ernest Ansermet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry; NCCR Chemical Biology; University of Geneva; 30 quai Ernest Ansermet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
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15
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Müller C, Despras G, Lindhorst TK. Organizing multivalency in carbohydrate recognition. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3275-302. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Haag R. Multivalency as a chemical organization and action principle. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:848-9. [PMID: 26124885 PMCID: PMC4464320 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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