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Wróblewska A, Bak-Sypien II, Paluch P, Wielgus E, Zając J, Jeziorna A, Kaźmierski S, Potrzebowski MJ. Solvent-Free Mechanosynthesis of Oligopeptides by Coupling Peptide Segments of Different Lengths - Elucidating the Role of Cesium Carbonate in Ball Mill Processes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400177. [PMID: 38644348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
We report an idea for the synthesis of oligopeptides using a solvent-free ball milling approach. Our concept is inspired by block play, in which it is possible to construct different objects using segments (blocks) of different sizes and lengths. We prove that by having a library of short peptides and employing the ball mill mechanosynthesis (BMMS) method, peptides can be easily coupled to form different oligopeptides with the desired functional and biological properties. Optimizing the BMMS process we found that the best yields we obtained when TBTU and cesium carbonate were used as reagents. The role of Cs2CO3 in the coupling mechanism was followed on each stage of synthesis by 1H, 13C and 133Cs NMR employing Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) techniques. It was found that cesium carbonate acts not only as a base but is also responsible for the activation of substrates and intermediates. The unique information about the BMMS mechanism is based on the analysis of 2D NMR data. The power of BMMS is proved by the example of different peptide combinations, 2+2, 3+2, 4+2, 5+2 and 4+4. The tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octapeptides obtained under this project were fully characterized by MS and NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Wróblewska
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Irena I Bak-Sypien
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Paluch
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wielgus
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Justyna Zając
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agata Jeziorna
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kaźmierski
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek J Potrzebowski
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
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2
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Zeitler SM, Golder MR. Shake, shear, and grind! - the evolution of mechanoredox polymerization methodology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:26-35. [PMID: 38018257 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last half decade, mechanoredox catalysis has enabled an entirely new genre of polymerization methodology. In this paradigm, mechanical force, such as ultrasonic cavitation bubble collapse or ball mill grinding, polarizes piezoelectric nanoparticles; the resultant piezopotential drives the redox processes necessary for free- and controlled-radical polymerizations. Since being introduced, evolution of these methods facilitates exploration of mechanistic underpinnings behind key electron-transfer events. Mechanical force has not only been identified as a "greener" alternative to more traditional reaction stimuli (e.g., heat, light) for the synthesis of commodity polymers, but also a potential technology to enable the production of novel thermoplastic and thermoset materials that are either challenging, or even impossible, to access using conventional solution-state approaches. In this Feature Article, significant contributions to such methods are highlighted within. Advances and ongoing challenges in both ultrasound and ball milling driven reactions for radical polymerization and crosslinking are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Zeitler
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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3
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Lennox CB, Borchers TH, Gonnet L, Barrett CJ, Koenig SG, Nagapudi K, Friščić T. Direct mechanocatalysis by resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). Chem Sci 2023; 14:7475-7481. [PMID: 37449073 PMCID: PMC10337763 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01591b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a metal surface to directly catalyse copper-catalysed alkyne-azide click-coupling (CuAAC) reactions under the conditions of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) - a recently introduced and scalable mechanochemical methodology that uniquely eliminates the need for bulk solvent, as well as milling media. By using a simple copper coil as a catalyst, this work shows that direct mechanocatalysis can occur in an impact-free environment, relying solely on high-speed mixing of reagents against a metal surface, without the need for specially designed milling containers and media. By introducing an experimental setup that enables real-time Raman spectroscopy monitoring of RAM processes, we demonstrate 0th-order reaction kinetics for several selected CuAAC reactions, supporting surface-based catalysis. The herein presented RAM-based direct mechanocatalysis methodology is simple, enables the effective one-pot, two-step synthesis of triazoles via a combination of benzyl azide formation and CuAAC reactions on a wide scope of reagents, provides control over reaction stoichiometry that is herein shown to be superior to that seen in solution or by using more conventional CuCl catalyst, and is applied for simple gram-scale synthesis of the anticonvulsant drug Rufinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B Lennox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Lori Gonnet
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Stefan G Koenig
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc. One DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc. One DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
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4
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Shaking Things from the Ground-Up: A Systematic Overview of the Mechanochemistry of Hard and High-Melting Inorganic Materials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020897. [PMID: 36677953 PMCID: PMC9865874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We provide a systematic overview of the mechanochemical reactions of inorganic solids, notably simple binary compounds, such as oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulphides, phosphides, hydrides, borides, borane derivatives, and related systems. Whereas the solid state has been traditionally considered to be of little synthetic value by the broader community of synthetic chemists, the solid-state community, and in particular researchers focusing on the reactions of inorganic materials, have thrived in building a rich and dynamic research field based on mechanically-driven transformations of inorganic substances typically seen as inert and high-melting. This review provides an insight into the chemical richness of such mechanochemical reactions and, at the same time, offers their tentative categorisation based on transformation type, resulting in seven distinct groupings: (i) the formation of adducts, (ii) the reactions of dehydration; (iii) oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions; (iv) metathesis (or exchange) reactions; (v) doping and structural rearrangements, including reactions involving the reaction vessel (the milling jar); (vi) acid-base reactions, and (vii) other, mixed type reactions. At the same time, we offer a parallel description of inorganic mechanochemical reactions depending on the reaction conditions, as those that: (i) take place under mild conditions (e.g., manual grinding using a mortar and a pestle); (ii) proceed gradually under mechanical milling; (iii) are self-sustained and initiated by mechanical milling, i.e., mechanically induced self-propagating reactions (MSRs); and (iv) proceed only via harsh grinding and are a result of chemical reactivity under strongly non-equilibrium conditions. By elaborating on typical examples and general principles in the mechanochemistry of hard and high-melting substances, this review provides a suitable complement to the existing literature, focusing on the properties and mechanochemical reactions of inorganic solids, such as nanomaterials and catalysts.
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5
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Yeboue Y, Rguioueg N, Subra G, Martinez J, Lamaty F, Métro T. Gram‐Scale Synthesis of a Hexapeptide by Fragment Coupling in a Ball Mill. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Yeboue
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Montpellier France
| | | | - Gilles Subra
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Montpellier France
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6
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Gonnet L, Lennox CB, Do JL, Malvestiti I, Koenig SG, Nagapudi K, Friščić T. Metal-Catalyzed Organic Reactions by Resonant Acoustic Mixing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115030. [PMID: 35138018 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate catalytic organic synthesis by Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM): a mechanochemical methodology that does not require bulk solvent or milling media. Using as model reactions ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis and copper-catalyzed sulfonamide-isocyanate coupling, RAM mechanosynthesis is shown to be faster, operationally simpler than conventional ball-milling, while also providing the first example of a mechanochemical strategy for ruthenium-catalyzed ene-yne metathesis. Reactions by RAM are readily and directly scaled-up without any significant changes in reaction conditions, as shown by the straightforward 200-fold scaling-up of the synthesis of the antidiabetic drug Tolbutamide, from hundreds of milligrams directly to 30 grams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Gonnet
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada
| | - Cameron B Lennox
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada
| | - Ivani Malvestiti
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n, 50.740-560, Recife, Brazil
| | - Stefan G Koenig
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3H 0B8, Canada
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7
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Gonnet L, Lennox CB, Do J, Malvestiti I, Koenig SG, Nagapudi K, Friščić T. Metal‐Catalyzed Organic Reactions by Resonant Acoustic Mixing**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori Gonnet
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC, H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Cameron B. Lennox
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC, H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Jean‐Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC, H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Ivani Malvestiti
- Departamento de Química Fundamental Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n 50.740-560 Recife Brazil
| | - Stefan G. Koenig
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences Genentech, Inc. One DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences Genentech, Inc. One DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC, H3H 0B8 Canada
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8
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Bento O, Luttringer F, El Dine TM, Pétry N, Bantreil X, Lamaty F. Sustainable Mechanosynthesis of Biologically Active Molecules. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Bento
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Chemistry FRANCE
| | | | | | - Nicolas Pétry
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Chemistry FRANCE
| | - Xavier Bantreil
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Chemistry FRANCE
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- IBMM: Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron Chemistry 1919 Rte de Mende 34293 Montpellier FRANCE
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9
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Yang X, Wu C, Su W, Yu J. Mechanochemical C−X/C−H Functionalization: An Alternative Strategy Access to Pharmaceuticals. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Yang
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Weike Su
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
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10
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Zeitler SM, Chakma P, Golder MR. Diaryliodonium Salts Facilitate Metal-Free Mechanoredox Free Radical Polymerizations. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4131-4138. [PMID: 35440983 PMCID: PMC8985515 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically-induced redox processes offer a promising alternative to more conventional thermal and photochemical synthetic methods. For macromolecule synthesis, current methods utilize sensitive transition metal additives and suffer from background reactivity....
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Zeitler
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall Seattle WA 98195 USA
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11
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Gómez-Carpintero J, Sánchez JD, González JF, Menéndez JC. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Primary Amides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14232-14237. [PMID: 34596412 PMCID: PMC8524419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ball milling of aromatic, heteroaromatic, vinylic, and aliphatic esters with ethanol and calcium nitride afforded the corresponding primary amides in a transformation that was compatible with a variety of functional groups and maintained the integrity of a stereocenter α to carbonyl. This methodology was applied to α-amino esters and N-BOC dipeptide esters and also to the synthesis of rufinamide, an antiepileptic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gómez-Carpintero
- Unidad de Química Orgánica
y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias
Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Domingo Sánchez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica
y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias
Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Francisco González
- Unidad de Química Orgánica
y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias
Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica
y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias
Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Verschueren RH, Gilles P, Van Mileghem S, De Borggraeve WM. Solvent-free N-Boc deprotection by ex situ generation of hydrogen chloride gas. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5782-5787. [PMID: 33973618 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, scalable and sustainable method for the quantitative deprotection of the tert-butyl carbamate (N-Boc) protecting group is described, using down to near-stoichiometric amounts of hydrogen chloride gas in solvent-free conditions. We demonstrate the ex situ generation of hydrogen chloride gas from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid in a two-chamber reactor, introducing a straightforward method for controlled and stoichiometric release of HCl gas. The solvent-free conditions allow deprotection of a wide variety of N-Boc derivatives to obtain the hydrochloride salts in quantitative yields. The procedure obviates the need for any work-up or purification steps providing an uncomplicated green alternative to standard methods. Due to the solvent-free, anhydrous conditions, this method shows high tolerance towards acid sensitive functional groups and furnishes expanded functional group orthogonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik H Verschueren
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Gilles
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Seger Van Mileghem
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Celestijnenlaan 200F - box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Pérez-Venegas M, Juaristi E. Mechanoenzymology: State of the Art and Challenges towards Highly Sustainable Biocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2682-2688. [PMID: 33882180 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global awareness of the importance of developing environmentally friendlier and more sustainable methods for the synthesis of valuable chemical compounds has led to the design of novel synthetic strategies, involving bio- and organocatalysis as well as the application of novel efficient and ground-breaking technologies such as present-day solvent-free mechanochemistry. In this regard, the evaluation of biocatalytic protocols mediated by the combination of mechanical activation and enzymatic catalysis has recently attracted the attention of the chemical community. Such mechanoenzymatic strategy represents an innovative and promising "green" approach in chemical synthesis that poses nevertheless new paradigms regarding the relative resilience of biomolecules to the mechanochemical stress and to the apparent high energy, at least in so-called hot-spots, during the milling process. Herein, relevant comments on the conceptualization of such mechanoenzymatic approach as a sustainable option in chemical synthesis, recent progress in the area, and associated challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez-Venegas
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Chemistry Department Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional, Luis González Obregón # 23, Centro Histórico, 06020, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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14
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Michalchuk AAL, Boldyreva EV, Belenguer AM, Emmerling F, Boldyrev VV. Tribochemistry, Mechanical Alloying, Mechanochemistry: What is in a Name? Front Chem 2021; 9:685789. [PMID: 34164379 PMCID: PMC8216082 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.685789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, the application of mechanical force to influence chemical reactions has been called by various names: mechanochemistry, tribochemistry, mechanical alloying, to name but a few. The evolution of these terms has largely mirrored the understanding of the field. But what is meant by these terms, why have they evolved, and does it really matter how a process is called? Which parameters should be defined to describe unambiguously the experimental conditions such that others can reproduce the results, or to allow a meaningful comparison between processes explored under different conditions? Can the information on the process be encoded in a clear, concise, and self-explanatory way? We address these questions in this Opinion contribution, which we hope will spark timely and constructive discussion across the international mechanochemical community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ana M. Belenguer
- Yusef Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vladimir V. Boldyrev
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Voevodski Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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15
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Stolar T, Grubešić S, Cindro N, Meštrović E, Užarević K, Hernández JG. Mechanochemical Prebiotic Peptide Bond Formation*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12727-12731. [PMID: 33769680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of amino acids on the prebiotic Earth, either stemming from endogenous chemical routes or delivered by meteorites, is consensually accepted. Prebiotically plausible pathways to peptides from inactivated amino acids are still unclear as most oligomerization approaches rely on thermodynamically disfavored reactions in solution. Now, a combination of prebiotically plausible minerals and mechanochemical activation enables the oligomerization of glycine at ambient temperature in the absence of water. Raising the reaction temperature increases the degree of oligomerization concomitantly with the formation of a commonly unwanted cyclic glycine dimer (DKP). However, DKP is a productive intermediate in the mechanochemical oligomerization of glycine. The findings of this research show that mechanochemical peptide bond formation is a dynamic process that provides alternative routes towards oligopeptides and establishes new synthetic approaches for prebiotic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Stolar
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Grubešić
- Xellia Pharmaceuticals, Slavonska avenija 24/6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Cindro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Xellia Pharmaceuticals, Slavonska avenija 24/6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Stolar T, Grubešić S, Cindro N, Meštrović E, Užarević K, Hernández JG. Mechanochemical Prebiotic Peptide Bond Formation**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Stolar
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Saša Grubešić
- Xellia Pharmaceuticals Slavonska avenija 24/6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Nikola Cindro
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Horvatovac 102a 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Xellia Pharmaceuticals Slavonska avenija 24/6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - José G. Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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17
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Yeboue Y, Jean M, Subra G, Martinez J, Lamaty F, Métro TX. Epimerization-Free C-Term Activation of Peptide Fragments by Ball Milling. Org Lett 2021; 23:631-635. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Yeboue
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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18
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Martin V, Egelund PHG, Johansson H, Thordal Le Quement S, Wojcik F, Sejer Pedersen D. Greening the synthesis of peptide therapeutics: an industrial perspective. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42457-42492. [PMID: 35516773 PMCID: PMC9057961 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is generally the method of choice for the chemical synthesis of peptides, allowing routine synthesis of virtually any type of peptide sequence, including complex or cyclic peptide products. Importantly, SPPS can be automated and is scalable, which has led to its widespread adoption in the pharmaceutical industry, and a variety of marketed peptide-based drugs are now manufactured using this approach. However, SPPS-based synthetic strategies suffer from a negative environmental footprint mainly due to extensive solvent use. Moreover, most of the solvents used in peptide chemistry are classified as problematic by environmental agencies around the world and will soon need to be replaced, which in recent years has spurred a movement in academia and industry to make peptide synthesis greener. These efforts have been centred around solvent substitution, recycling and reduction, as well as exploring alternative synthetic methods. In this review, we focus on methods pertaining to solvent substitution and reduction with large-scale industrial production in mind, and further outline emerging technologies for peptide synthesis. Specifically, the technical requirements for large-scale manufacturing of peptide therapeutics are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martin
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | - Peter H G Egelund
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | - Henrik Johansson
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | | | - Felix Wojcik
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
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19
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Andreozzi P, Tamberi L, Tasca E, Giacomazzo GE, Martinez M, Severi M, Marradi M, Cicchi S, Moya S, Biagiotti G, Richichi B. The B & B approach: Ball-milling conjugation of dextran with phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized BODIPY. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2272-2281. [PMID: 32983271 PMCID: PMC7492696 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is an emerging and reliable alternative to conventional solution (batch) synthesis of complex molecules under green and solvent-free conditions. In this regard, we report here on the conjugation of a dextran polysaccharide with a fluorescent probe, a phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) applying the ball milling approach. The ball milling formation of boron esters between PBA BODIPY and dextran proved to be more efficient in terms of reaction time, amount of reactants, and labelling degree compared to the corresponding solution-based synthetic route. PBA-BODIPY dextran assembles into nanoparticles of around 200 nm by hydrophobic interactions. The resulting PBA-BODIPY dextran nanoparticles retain an apolar interior as proved by pyrene fluorescence, suitable for the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs with high biocompatibility while remaining fluorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Andreozzi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Lorenza Tamberi
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Elisamaria Tasca
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
- Chemistry Department, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Elena Giacomazzo
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marta Martinez
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Sergio Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Giacomo Biagiotti
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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20
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Thorpe JD, O'Reilly D, Friščić T, Damha MJ. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Short DNA Fragments. Chemistry 2020; 26:8857-8861. [PMID: 32166818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first mechanochemical synthesis of DNA fragments by ball milling, enabling the synthesis of oligomers of controllable sequence and length using multi-step, one-pot reactions, without bulk solvent or the need to isolate intermediates. Mechanochemistry allowed for coupling of phosphoramidite monomers to the 5'-hydroxyl group of nucleosides, iodine/water oxidation of the resulting phosphite triester linkage, and removal of the 5'-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) protecting group in situ in good yields (up to 60 % over three steps) to produce DNA dimers in a one-pot manner. H-Phosphonate chemistry under milling conditions enabled coupling and protection of the H-phosphonate linkage, as well as removal of the 5'-DMTr protecting group in situ, enabling a one-pot process with good yields (up to 65 % over three steps, or ca. 87 % per step). Sulfurization of the internucleotide linkage was possible using elemental sulfur (S8) or sulfur transfer reagents, yielding the target DNA phosphorothioate dimers in good yield (up to 80 % over two steps). This work opens the door to creation of solvent-free synthesis methodologies for DNA and RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Daniel O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Masad J Damha
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
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21
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Dayaker G, Tan D, Biggins N, Shelam A, Do JL, Katsenis AD, Friščić T. Catalytic Room-Temperature C-N Coupling of Amides and Isocyanates by Using Mechanochemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2966-2972. [PMID: 32222112 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A mechanochemical route is developed for room-temperature and solvent-free derivatization of different types of amides into carbamoyl isatins (up to 96 % conversion or yield), benzamides (up to 81 % yield), and imides (up to 92 % yield). In solution, this copper-catalyzed coupling either does not take place or requires high temperatures at which it may also be competing with alternative thermal reactivity, highlighting the beneficial role of mechanochemistry for this reaction. Such behavior resembles the previously investigated coupling with sulfonamide substrates, suggesting that this type of C-N coupling is an example of a mechanochemically favored reaction, for which mechanochemistry appears to be a favored environment over solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandrath Dayaker
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CCVC/CGCC), 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H31 0B8, Montreal, Canada
| | - Davin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CCVC/CGCC), 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H31 0B8, Montreal, Canada
| | - Naomi Biggins
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CCVC/CGCC), 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H31 0B8, Montreal, Canada
| | - Asha Shelam
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CCVC/CGCC), 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H31 0B8, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CCVC/CGCC), 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H31 0B8, Montreal, Canada
| | - Athanassios D Katsenis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CCVC/CGCC), 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H31 0B8, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CCVC/CGCC), 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H31 0B8, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Green synthesis of bioactive oligopeptides promoted by recyclable nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:479-491. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The pharmaceutical industry is showing renewed interest in therapeutic peptides. Unfortunately, the chemical synthesis of peptides remains very expensive and problematic in terms of environmental sustainability. Hence, making peptides ‘greener’ has become a new front line for the expansion of peptide market. Results: We developed a mechanochemical solvent-free peptide bond-forming protocol using standard reagents and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite as a bio-compatible, reusable inorganic base. The reaction was also conducted under ultra-mild, minimal solvent-grinding conditions, using common laboratory equipment. Conclusion: The efficacy of the described protocol was validated with the convenient preparation of endomorphin-1, H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2, the endogenous ligand of the μ-opioid receptor, currently regarded as a lead for the discovery of painkillers devoid of harmful side effects.
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23
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Kaabel S, Friščić T, Auclair K. Mechanoenzymatic Transformations in the Absence of Bulk Water: A More Natural Way of Using Enzymes. Chembiochem 2019; 21:742-758. [PMID: 31651073 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068 Université de Toulouse UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Cristina Mottillo
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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25
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Friščić T, Mottillo C, Titi HM. Mechanochemistry for Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1018-1029. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068 Université de Toulouse UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Cristina Mottillo
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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26
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Pich A, Spehr M, Hernández JG, Bolm C. Synthesis of acylglycerol derivatives by mechanochemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:811-817. [PMID: 30992730 PMCID: PMC6444433 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, many biologically relevant building blocks such as amino acids, peptides, saccharides, nucleotides and nucleosides, etc. have been prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. However, mechanosynthesis of lipids by ball milling techniques has remained essentially unexplored. In this work, a multistep synthetic route to access mono- and diacylglycerol derivatives by mechanochemistry has been realized, including the synthesis of diacylglycerol-coumarin conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - José G Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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27
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Kaabel S, Stein RS, Fomitšenko M, Järving I, Friščić T, Aav R. Size-Control by Anion Templating in Mechanochemical Synthesis of Hemicucurbiturils in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6230-6234. [PMID: 30664335 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-organization is one of the most intriguing phenomena of chemical matter. While the self-assembly of macrocycles and cages in dilute solutions has been extensively studied, it remains poorly understood in solvent-free environments. Provided here is the first example of using anionic templates to achieve selective assembly of differently-sized macrocycles in a solvent-free system. Using acid-catalyzed synthesis of cyclohexanohemicucurbiturils as a model, size-controlled, quantitative synthesis of 6- or 8-membered macrocycles by spontaneous anion-directed reorganization of mechanochemically-made oligomers in the solid state is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Robin S Stein
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Maria Fomitšenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ivar Järving
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
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28
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Kaabel S, Stein RS, Fomitšenko M, Järving I, Friščić T, Aav R. Size‐Control by Anion Templating in Mechanochemical Synthesis of Hemicucurbiturils in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Robin S. Stein
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Maria Fomitšenko
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Ivar Järving
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
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29
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Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanochemistry of Gaseous Reactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3285-3299. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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31
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Bolm C, Hernández JG. From Synthesis of Amino Acids and Peptides to Enzymatic Catalysis: A Bottom-Up Approach in Mechanochemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1410-1420. [PMID: 29436773 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chemical reactions induced or facilitated by mechanical energy have gained recognition in diverse areas of chemical synthesis. In particular, mechanosyntheses of amino acids and short peptides, along with their applications in catalysis, have revealed the high degree of stability of peptide bonds in environments of harsh mechanical stress. These observations quickly led to the recent interest in developing mechanochemical enzymatic reactions. Experimentally, manual grinding, ball-milling techniques, and twin-screw extrusion technology have proven valuable to convey mechanical forces into a chemical synthesis. These practices have enabled the establishment of more sustainable alternatives for chemical synthesis by reducing the use of organic solvents and waste production, thereby having a direct impact on the E-factor of the chemical process. In this Minireview, the series of events that allowed the development of mechanochemical enzymatic reactions are described from a bottom-up perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - José G Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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32
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Cheng H, Hernández JG, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Cobalt-Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalizations by Ball Milling. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Cheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1, D- 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1, D- 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1, D- 52074 Aachen Germany
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