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Pan YC, Tian JH, Guo DS. Molecular Recognition with Macrocyclic Receptors for Application in Precision Medicine. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3626-3639. [PMID: 38059474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic receptors can serve as alternatives to natural recognition systems as recognition tools. They provide effectively preorganized cavities to encapsulate guests via host-guest interactions, thereby affecting the physiochemical properties of the guests. Macrocyclic receptors exhibit chemical and thermal stabilities higher than those of natural receptors and thus are expected to resist degradation inside the body. This reduces the risk of harmful degradation byproducts and ensures optimal levels of effectiveness. Macrocyclic receptors have precise molecular weights and well-defined structures; this ensures their batch-to-batch reproducibility, which is critical for ensuring quality and effectiveness levels. Moreover, macrocyclic receptors exhibit broad modification tunabilities, rendering them adaptable to various guests. Molecular recognition is the basis of numerous biological processes. Macrocyclic receptors may display considerable potential for application in diagnosing and treating diseases, depending on the host-guest recognition of bioactive molecules. However, the binding affinities and selectivities of macrocyclic receptors toward bioactive molecules are generally insufficient, which may lead to problems such as low diagnosis accuracies, off-target leaking, and interference with normal functions. Therefore, addressing the challenge of the strong and specific complexation of bioactive molecules and macrocyclic receptors is imperative.To overcome this challenge, we proposed the innovative strategies of longitudinal cavity extension and coassembled heteromultivalent recognition for application in the recognition of small molecules and biomacromolecules, respectively. The deepened cavity provides a stronger hydrophobic effect and a larger interaction area while maintaining the framework rigidity. By coassembling two macrocyclic amphiphiles into one ensemble, we achieved the desired heteromultivalent recognition. This strategy affords the necessary binding properties while preventing the requirement of tedious steps and site mismatch in covalent synthesis. Using these two strategies, we achieved specific and strong binding of macrocyclic receptors to various bioactive molecules including biomarkers, drugs, and disease-related peptides/proteins. We then applied these macrocyclic receptor-based recognition systems in biosensing and bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapeutics.In this Account, we summarize the strategies we used in the recognition of small molecules and biomacromolecules. Thereafter, we discuss their applications in precision medicine, involving the (1) sensing of biomarkers and imaging of lesion sites, which are critical in the early screening of diseases and accurate diagnoses; (2) precise loading and targeted delivery of drugs, which are crucial in improving their therapeutic efficacies and reducing their side effects; and (3) capture and removal of disease-related biomacromolecules, which are significant for precise intervention in life processes. Finally, we propose recommendations for the further development of macrocyclic receptor-based recognition systems in biomedicine. Macrocyclic receptors exhibit considerable potential for research, and continued investigation may not only expand the applications of supramolecular chemistry but also open novel avenues for the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Hong Tian
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Yu X, Liang TH, Wang M, Ren XL, Zhou ZY, Jiang MM, Zhang DQ. An innovative extraction strategy for herbal medicine by adopting p-sulphonatocalix[6]/[8]arenes. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:1068-1085. [PMID: 35778370 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alkaloids exist in various herbal medicine widely and exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities. p-Sulphonatocalix[6]arenes (SC6A) and p-sulphonatocalix[8]arenes (SC8A) are water-soluble supramolecular macrocycles and are applied to the extraction of alkaloids from herbal products. OBJECTIVE In this study, an innovative method of SC6A/SC8A assisted extraction of the alkaloids from herbs was established. METHODS SC6A and SC8A were designed to extract 27 alkaloids from seven herbal medicines. Based on the significant solubilisation and extraction effect, Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fangji, FJ) was selected to obtain the optimal extraction process by adopting single factor test and orthogonal experiment. Then, the alkaloids and SC6A/SC8A were separated by one-step alkalisation and SCnA were reused. The host-guest complexes between alkaloids and SCnA were determined by competitive fluorescence titration, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) analysis. RESULTS The optimum condition for SC6A assisted extraction was 5:1:80 (g/g/mL) for herbs/SC6A/solution ratio, 355-250 μm particle size and ultrasonicate 0.5 h, whilst 10:1:40 (g/g/mL) for herbs/SC8A/solution ratio, 355-250 μm particle size and ultrasonicate 0.5 h for SC8A assisted extraction. The total yield of alkaloids (fangchinoline and tetrandrine) from FJ was increased by 4.87 times and 5.97 times with SC6A and SC8A. Moreover, a good reusability of SC6A/SC8A was achieved by alkalisation dissociation. Host-guest complexes were determined by competitive fluorescence titration at a molar ratio of 1:1 between most alkaloids (25/27, except evodiamine and rutaecarpine) and SC6A/SC8A. The complex structure was proved by DSC, FTIR and 1 H-NMR analysis. CONCLUSION The study provided an effective eco-friendly and energy-saving extraction method of alkaloids from herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Teng-Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao-Miao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - De-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Duan Q, Wang F, Lu K. Recent advances in macrocyclic arenes-based fluorescent indicator displacement assays. Front Chem 2022; 10:973313. [PMID: 35923255 PMCID: PMC9339958 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.973313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic arenes-based fluorescent indicator displacement assays (F-IDAs) offer a unique and innovative approach to chemosensing, taking molecular recognition in host-guest chemistry to a higher level. Because of their special architecture and versatile host–guest binding properties, macrocyclic arenes, principally calix[n]arenes and, in recent years, pillar[n]arenes, in combination with various fluorophores, are widely used in F-IDAs for the specific and selective sensing of cationic, anionic, and neutral analytes. In this paper, we review recent progress in the development of F-IDAs based on macrocyclic arenes and outline the prospects and remaining challenges relating to macrocyclic arenes-based F-IDAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunpeng Duan
- School of Chemical and Printing-Dyeing Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qunpeng Duan, ; Kui Lu,
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chemical and Printing-Dyeing Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kui Lu
- School of Chemical and Printing-Dyeing Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qunpeng Duan, ; Kui Lu,
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Yu X, Chen ML, Liu Y, Li CH, Qiu XL, Ren XL, Wang M, Zhang DQ. An eco-friendly extraction and purification method of nuciferine from Folium nelumbinis with p-sulfonatocalix[6]arenes. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:543-553. [PMID: 35098593 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Folium nelumbinis is used as vegetable, functional food and herbal medicine in Asia. p-Sulfonatocalix[6]arene (SC6A) is a water-soluble supramolecular macrocycle and has never been applied to the extraction of herbal products. OBJECTIVE In this study, SC6A-assisted extraction of nuciferine from Folium nelumbinis has been carried out to develop an eco-friendly extraction process with high extraction efficacy and easy operation. METHODS Single-factor experiments were adopted to obtain the optimal conditions for the SC6A-assisted extraction of nuciferine from Folium nelumbinis, and then nuciferine and SC6A were separated easily by one-step alkalization. The host-guest complexes between nuciferine and SC6A were analyzed by competitive fluorescence titration, DSC, FT-IR and 1 H-NMR. RESULTS The optimal SC6A/Folium nelumbinis/solution ratio for extraction was 0.4:1:20 (g/g/mL), with a granulometric fraction below 180 μm and an extraction time of 1 h with soaking. The purity and recovery of nuciferine extracted with SC6A were increased 29.24 and 35.73 times compared with extraction with aqueous solution, respectively. Moreover, a good reusability of SC6A in the extraction of nuciferine was demonstrated. Competitive fluorescence titration, DSC, FT-IR and 1 H-NMR characterization indicated that SC6A could form host-guest complexes with nuciferine at a ratio of 1:1. CONCLUSION The study provided an eco-friendly, safe and effective nuciferine extraction method, which can be used for the development of nutrition supplements containing nuciferine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi-Long Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - De-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Rather IA, Ali R. Indicator displacement assays: from concept to recent developments. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5926-5981. [PMID: 34143168 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming the synthetic burden related to covalently connected receptors with appropriate indicators for sensing various analytes via an indicator spacer receptor (ISR) approach, the indicator displacement assay (IDA) seems to be a very sophisticated and versatile supramolecular sensing paradigm, and it has taken the phenomenon of molecular recognition to the next level in the realm of host-guest chemistry. Due to the unavailability of a comprehensive report on what has been done in the last decade in relation to IDAs, we decided to set down this account illustrating diverse indicator displacement assays (IDAs) in detail from the concept stage to recent developments relating to the detection of cationic, anionic, and neutral analytes. The authors conclude this account with future perspectives and highlight the limitations and challenges relating to IDAs which need to be overcome in order to realize the full potential of this popular sensing phenomenon. While we were finalizing our account for publication, a tutorial review by the research groups of Anslyn, Sessler, and Sun was published, which focuses mainly on diverse aspects of the chemistry related to IDAs. As can be seen, our review, besides discussing various basic IDA concepts, has a vast collection of information published in the past decade and hence, hopefully, will be very informative for the supramolecular community. We believe that this work will offer new insights for the construction of novel sensors operating through the IDA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Rather
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Rashid Ali
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Pan Y, Hu X, Guo D. Biomedizinische Anwendungen von Calixarenen: Stand der Wissenschaft und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin‐Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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Pan Y, Hu X, Guo D. Biomedical Applications of Calixarenes: State of the Art and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2768-2794. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin‐Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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Hu XY, Gao J, Chen FY, Guo DS. A host-guest drug delivery nanosystem for supramolecular chemotherapy. J Control Release 2020; 324:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Yue Y, Kong Y, Yang F, Zheng Z, Hu X, Guo D. Supramolecular Tandem Assay for Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate by the Reporter Pair of Guanidinocalix[5]Arene and Fluorescein. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1437-1440. [PMID: 32071829 PMCID: PMC7011187 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinocalix[5]arene and fluorescein reporter pair has been chosen to set up a supramolecular tandem assay principle based on the differential recognition of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (the substrate of alkaline phosphatase, ALP), pyridoxal (the product of ALP) and phosphate (the product of ALP). This supramolecular tandem assay system offers an opportunity to monitor the activity of ALP in a label-free, continuous, and real-time manner. More importantly, a calibration curve can be given for selective and quantitative detection of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (biomarker for several diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Xin Yue
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular RecognitionNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Yong Kong
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, SinopecBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, SinopecBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular RecognitionNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular RecognitionNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular RecognitionNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
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Wang YY, Kong Y, Zheng Z, Geng WC, Zhao ZY, Sun H, Guo DS. Complexation of a guanidinium-modified calixarene with diverse dyes and investigation of the corresponding photophysical response. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1394-1406. [PMID: 31293689 PMCID: PMC6604715 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein describe the comprehensive investigation of the complexation behavior of a guanidinium-modified calix[5]arene pentaisohexyl ether (GC5A) with a variety of typical luminescent dyes. Fluorescein, eosin Y, rose bengal, tetraphenylporphine sulfonate and sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine were employed as classical aggregation-induced quenching dyes. 2-(p-Toluidinyl)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid were selected as representatives of intramolecular charge-transfer dyes. Phosphated tetraphenylethylene was involved as the classical aggregation-induced emission dye. Sulfonated acedan representing one example of two-photon fluorescent probes, was also investigated. A ruthenium(II) complex with carboxylated bipyridyl ligands was included as a representative candidate of luminescent transition-metal complexes. We determined the association constants of the GC5A-dye complexes by fluorescence titration and discuss the complexation-induced photophysical changes. In addition, a comparison of the complexation behavior of GC5A with that of other macrocycles and potential applications according to the diverse photophysical responses are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yong Kong
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Sinopec, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Yu H, Geng WC, Zheng Z, Gao J, Guo DS, Wang Y. Facile Fluorescence Monitoring of Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide via Molecular Recognition of Guanidinium-Modified Calixarene. Theranostics 2019; 9:4624-4632. [PMID: 31367245 PMCID: PMC6643440 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and quantification of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite from gut microbial, is important for the disease diagnosis such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and colorectal cancer. In this study, a novel method was established for the sensing and quantitative detection of TMAO via molecular recognition of guanidinium-modified calixarene from complex matrix. Methods: Various macrocycles were tested for their abilities to serve as an artificial TMAO receptor. Using the optimized receptor, we developed an indicator displacement assay (IDA) for the facile fluorescence detection of TMAO. The quantification of TMAO was accomplished by the established calibration line after excluding the interference from the various interfering substances in artificial urine. Results: Among various macrocycles, water-soluble guanidinium-modified calix[5]arene (GC5A), which binds TMAO in submicromolar-level, was identified as the optimal artificial receptor for TMAO. With the aid of the GC5A•Fl (fluorescein) reporter pair, TMAO fluorescence "switch-on" sensing was achieved by IDA. The fluorescence intensity increased linearly with the elevated TMAO concentration. The detection was not significantly interfered by the various interfering substances. TMAO concentration in artificial urine was quantified using a calibration line with a detection limit of 28.88 ± 1.59 µM, within the biologically relevant low µM range. Furthermore, the GC5A•Fl reporter pair was successfully applied in analyzing human urine samples, by which a significant difference in fluorescence response was observed between the [normal + TMAO] and normal group. Conclusion: The proposed supramolecular approach provides a facile, low-cost and sensitive method for TMAO detection, which shows promise for tracking TMAO excretion in urine and studying chronic disease progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Zhang S, Assaf KI, Huang C, Hennig A, Nau WM. Ratiometric DNA sensing with a host-guest FRET pair. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:671-674. [PMID: 30565597 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular host-guest FRET pair based on a carboxyfluorescein-labelled cucurbit[7]uril (CB7-CF, as acceptor) and the fluorescent dye 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, as donor) is developed for sensing of DNA. In comparison to the commercial DNA staining dye SYBR Green I, the new chemosensing ensemble offers dual-emission signals, which allows a linear ratiometric response over a wide concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.
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