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Brandner L, Müller TJJ. Multicomponent synthesis of chromophores – The one-pot approach to functional π-systems. Front Chem 2023; 11:1124209. [PMID: 37007054 PMCID: PMC10065161 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1124209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions, conducted in a domino, sequential or consecutive fashion, have not only considerably enhanced synthetic efficiency as one-pot methodology, but they have also become an enabling tool for interdisciplinary research. The highly diversity-oriented nature of the synthetic concept allows accessing huge structural and functional space. Already some decades ago this has been recognized for life sciences, in particular, lead finding and exploration in pharma and agricultural chemistry. The quest for novel functional materials has also opened the field for diversity-oriented syntheses of functional π-systems, i.e. dyes for photonic and electronic applications based on their electronic properties. This review summarizes recent developments in MCR syntheses of functional chromophores highlighting syntheses following either the framework forming scaffold approach by establishing connectivity between chromophores or the chromogenic chromophore approach by de novo formation of chromophore of interest. Both approaches warrant rapid access to molecular functional π-systems, i.e. chromophores, fluorophores, and electrophores for various applications.
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Taherpour AA, Zolfigol MA. Reply to the comment on “A convenient method for preparation of 2-amino-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitrile using HBF4 as an efficient catalyst via an anomeric based oxidation: A joint experimental and theoretical study” [J. Mol. Struct. 1137 (2017) 674–680], by S. Salehzadeh and F. Maleki, J. Mol. Struct. 1154 (2018) 587–589. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fan Q, Li P, Yan H. Photophysical properties of 2,6-unsubstituented 1,4-dihydropyridines: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang XB, Hu ZY, Zhou GE, Wang S. Theoretical Insights into the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydropyridines from Unsaturated Oximes by Rh III-Catalyzed C-H Activation - A DFT Study. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Biao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Anhui University of Science and Technology; 232001 Huainan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Anhui University of Science and Technology; 232001 Huainan People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-E Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering; Anhui University of Science and Technology; 232001 Huainan People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; 130023 Changchun People's Republic of China
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Taherpour A(A, Zolfigol MA. Reply to the ‘Comments on “Experimental and theoretical studies of the nanostructured {Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3Im}C(CN)3 catalyst for 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine preparation via an anomeric based oxidation”, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 50100–50111, and “The first computational study for the oxidative aromatization of pyrazolines and 1,4-dihydropyridines using 1,2,4-triazolinediones: an anomeric-based oxidation”, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 102280–102291’ by S. Salehzadeh, RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 39704–39707, DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27033f. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This response to Dr Salehzadeh’s comments on the papers mentioned in the title contains the comments where they have mentioned disagreement with basic chemistry concepts.
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Synthesis of Biodegradable Pyrazole, Pyran, Pyrrole, Pyrimidine and Chromene Derivatives having Medical and Surface Activities. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-016-1881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Al-Jalal NA, Ibrahim YA, Al-Awadi NA, Ibrahim MR, Sayed OM. Photochemistry of 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives: Diradical Formation, Delocalization and Trapping as a Route to Novel Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Nitrogen Heterocyclic Ring Systems. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070866. [PMID: 27376257 PMCID: PMC6274155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation of an acetonitrile solution of 4-aryl-3,5-dibenzoyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives 1a–c and maleimides 2a–c using medium pressure Hg-arc lamp (λ > 290) nm afforded three different cycloadducts 4, 5, 6 in addition to the oxidation products 3. These results indicate that compounds 1a–c undergoes intermolecular cycloaddition reaction through three biradical intermediates and behave photochemically different than those reported previously for the analogous 3,5-diacetyl and 3,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives. The present work also offers simple access to novel tricyclic and tetracyclic nitrogen heterocyclic ring systems of potential biological and synthetic applications. The structure of the photoproducts was established spectroscopically and by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
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Key Words
- 1,4-dihydropyridines
- 4,11-diazatetracyclo[5,3,1,02,6,08,10]undecane
- dihydropyrrolo[3’,4’4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-b]-pyridine
- photochemistry
- tetrahydropyrrolo[3’,4’:5,6]pyrano[4,3-b]-pyridine
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader A Al-Jalal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Yehia A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Nouria A Al-Awadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Maher R Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Osama M Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
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Abstract
Multicomponent reactions are a valuable tool for the synthesis of functional π-electron systems. Two different approaches can be taken into account for accessing the target structures. In the more conventional scaffold approach an already existing chromophore is coupled with other components to give a complex functional π-system. Here, electronically monotonous components can also be introduced, which may exert synergistic electronic effects within the novel compound. The more demanding chromophore concept generates a complete π-electron system and a scaffold concurrently. The latter approach is particularly stimulating for methodologists since π-systems might be accessible from simple starting materials. This review encompasses the advances in the preparation of functional π-electron systems via multicomponent processes during the past few years, based both on the scaffold and chromophore concepts. Besides the synthetic strategies the most important properties, i.e. redox potentials, absorption and emission maxima or fluorescence quantum yields, of the synthesized molecules are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Levi
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Funder ED, Trads JB, Gothelf KV. Oxidative activation of dihydropyridine amides to reactive acyl donors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:185-98. [PMID: 25358438 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amides of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) are activated by oxidation for acyl transfer to amines, alcohols and thiols. In the reduced form the DHP amide is stable towards reaction with amines at room temperature. However, upon oxidation with DDQ the acyl donor is activated via a proposed pyridinium intermediate. The activated intermediate reacts with various nucleophiles to give amides, esters, and thio-esters in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Daa Funder
- Danish National Research Foundation, Center for DNA Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Yu FC, Zhou B, Xu H, Chang KJ, Shen Y. An atom-economic green approach: oxidative synthesis of functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines from N,N-dimethylenaminones and amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahmed N, Siddiqui ZN. Mesoporous alumina sulphuric acid: A novel and efficient catalyst for on-water synthesis of functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives via β-enaminones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sueki S, Takei R, Zaitsu Y, Abe J, Fukuda A, Seto K, Furukawa Y, Shimizu I. Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines and Their Fluorescence Properties. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Synthesis, structure elucidation, and anti-inflammatory/anti-cancer/anti-bacterial activities of novel (Z)-3-adamantyl-1-aryl-prop/but-2-en-1-ones. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bera MK, Domínguez M, Hommes P, Reissig HU. The Flögel-three-component reaction with dicarboxylic acids - an approach to bis(β-alkoxy-β-ketoenamides) for the synthesis of complex pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:394-404. [PMID: 24605160 PMCID: PMC3943434 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An extension of the substrate scope of the Flögel-three-component reaction of lithiated alkoxyallenes, nitriles and carboxylic acids is presented. The use of dicarboxylic acids allowed the preparation of symmetrical bis(β-ketoenamides) from simple starting materials in moderate yields. Cyclocondensations of these enamides to 4-hydroxypyridine derivatives or to functionalized pyrimidines efficiently provided symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted fairly complex (hetero)aromatic compounds containing up to six conjugated aryl and hetaryl groups. In addition, subsequent functionalizations of the obtained heterocycles by palladium-catalyzed couplings or by oxidations are reported. We also describe the simple synthesis of a structurally interesting macrocyclic bispyrimidine derivative incorporating a 17-membered ring, whose configuration was elucidated by DFT calculations and by subsequent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K Bera
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany ; Department of Chemistry, Kamaun University, SSJ Campus Almora, Almora-263601, Uttarkhand, India
| | - Moisés Domínguez
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Hommes
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Elnagdi MH, Sadek KU, Moustafa MS. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407777-5.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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