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Yadav S, Singh R, Verma SK, Singh G, Kushwaha P. Addition of three new lineages in Mycosphaerellaceae: Neoacervuloseptoria gen. nov., Neocercosporella gen. nov. and Neoramulariopsis gen. nov. Mycol Prog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-023-01871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Soil Mycobiome Diversity under Different Tillage Practices in the South of West Siberia. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081169. [PMID: 36013348 PMCID: PMC9409700 DOI: 10.3390/life12081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Managing soil biodiversity by reduced or no tillage is an increasingly popular approach. Soil mycobiome in Siberian agroecosystems has been scarcely studied; little is known about its changes due to tillage. We studied mycobiome in Chernozem under natural steppe vegetation and cropped for wheat by conventional or no tillage in a long-term field trial in West Siberia, Russia, by using ITS2 rDNA gene marker (Illumina MiSeq sequencing). Half of the identified OTUs were Ascomycota with 82% of the total number of sequence reads and showing, like other phyla (Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota), field-related differential abundance. Several dominant genera (Mortierella, Chaetomium, Clonostachys, Gibberella, Fusarium, and Hypocrea) had increased abundance in both cropped soils as compared with the undisturbed one and therefore can be safely assumed to be associated with wheat residues. Fungal OTUs' richness in cropped soils was less than in the undisturbed one; however, no tillage shifted soil mycobiome composition closer to the latter, albeit, it was still similar to the ploughed soil, despite different organic matter and wheat residue content. The study provided the first inventory of soil mycobiome under different tillage treatments in the south of West Siberia, where wheat production is an important section of the regional economy.
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Lee LC, Rizman-Idid M, Alias SA, Palaniveloo K, Gu H. First record of the fungal genus Neodevriesia Quaedvl. & Crous (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Neodevriesiaceae) isolated from scleractinian corals of Perhentian Islands, Malaysia. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e81533. [PMID: 36761577 PMCID: PMC9848531 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e81533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal species members of the genus Neodevriesia have been known to occur in marine environments. This report documents the first record of the fungal genus Neodevriesia isolated from scleractinian corals. Three isolated strains were identified from a phylogenetic tree that was constructed, based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and partial large subunit (ITS + LSU) DNA sequences. Isolates were closely related to both Neodevriesiashakazului (Crous) Crous and Neodevriesiaqueenslandica (Crous, R.G. Shivas & McTaggart) Crous, but formed a distinct clade with strong support that implies a potentially genetic variant of a known species or even a novel species. These findings contribute to the fungal diversity checklist in Malaysia and knowledge about marine fungi associated with scleractinian corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chuen Lee
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Mohammed Rizman-Idid
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Alias
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, Universiti MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, ChinaThird Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamenChina
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Rosli H, Batzer JC, Hernández E, Beruski G, Dixon PM, Gleason ML. Precipitation Impacts Dissemination of Three Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Taxa on Apple Fruit. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2398-2405. [PMID: 32689919 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2340-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial dissemination of three prevalent taxa of sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) fungi under several levels of precipitation was compared during 2015 and 2016 in an Iowa apple orchard. Overhead irrigation was used to supplement ambient precipitation in order to insure SBFS spore dissemination and colony development. There were five irrigation levels, involving 1-min-long periods of irrigation that were imposed either once or twice per hour at intervals of 3, 6, or 12 h, as well as a nonirrigated control. Preselected apple fruit were inoculated with one of the three SBFS taxa to serve as sources of inoculum. Dissemination from these inoculated apple fruit was assessed at harvest by counting SBFS colonies on water-sprayed and nontreated fruit. As a further control, additional fruit were enclosed in fruit bags throughout the fruit development period. In both 2015 and 2016, the number of colonies of the SBFS fungus Peltaster gemmifer per apple increased sharply as the duration of irrigation increased, whereas the number of colonies of Microcyclosporella mali increased to a lesser extent and Stomiopeltis sp. RS1 showed no increase. In 2015, the linear relationship between the duration of irrigation-imposed precipitation levels and the number of colonies on the water-sprayed apple fruit was similar for P. gemmifer (slope = 0.09), Stomiopeltis sp. RS1 (slope = 0.07), and Microcyclosporella mali (slope = 0.13); whereas, in 2016, the slope was higher for P. gemmifer (0.28) than for Stomiopeltis sp. RS1 (-0.09) or M. mali (0.06). The results indicated that dissemination of P. gemmifer increased sharply in response to increased irrigation-imposed precipitation, and that dissemination patterns differed considerably among the three SBFS taxa. The apparent advantage of P. gemmifer in precipitation-triggered dissemination may stem from its ability to produce spores rapidly by budding. To our knowledge, this is the first article to assess splash dispersal by SBFS fungi in the field and the first to document taxon-specific patterns of dissemination in this pathogen complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafizi Rosli
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jean C Batzer
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, U.S.A
| | - Edward Hernández
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, U.S.A
| | - Gustavo Beruski
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Philip M Dixon
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, U.S.A
| | - Mark L Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, U.S.A
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Gleason ML, Zhang R, Batzer JC, Sun G. Stealth Pathogens: The Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungal Complex. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:135-164. [PMID: 31150591 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) fungi produce superficial, dark-colored colonies on fruits, stems, and leaves of many plant genera. These blemishes are economically damaging on fruit, primarily apple and pear, because they reduce the sale price of fresh fruit. Fungicide spray programs can control SBFS but are costly and impair human and environmental health; thus, less chemically intensive management strategies are needed. Although the scientific study of SBFS fungi began nearly 200 years ago, recent DNA-driven studies revealed an unexpectedly diverse complex: more than 100 species in 30 genera of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Analysis of evolutionary phylogenetics and phylogenomics indicates that the evolution of SBFS fungi from plant-penetrating ancestors to noninvasive ectophytic parasites was accompanied by a massive contraction of pathogenicity-related genes, including plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and effectors, and an expansion of cuticle-degradation genes. This article reviews progress in understanding SBFS taxonomy and ecology and improving disease management. We also highlight recent breakthroughs in reconstructing the evolutionary origins of these unusual plant pathogens and delineating adaptations to their ectophytic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Gleason
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;
| | - Jean C Batzer
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Guangyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;
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Delgado G, Koukol O, Miller AN, Piepenbring M. Septonema lohmanii G. Delgado & O. Koukol, sp. nov., a New Species in Mytilinidiales (Dothideomycetes) and the Phylogenetic Position of S. fasciculare (Corda) S. Hughes. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2019. [DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Delgado
- EMLab P&K Houston, 10900 Brittmoore Park Drive Suite G, Houston, TX 77041 (United States) and Department of Mycology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
| | - Ondřej Koukol
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ–128 01 Praha 2 (Czech Republic)
| | - Andrew N. Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820 (United States)
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
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Rosli H, Batzer JC, Harrington TC, Gleason ML. Peltaster gemmifer: A new species in the sooty blotch and flyspeck species complex from the United States. Mycologia 2018; 110:822-834. [PMID: 30240341 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2018.1486679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) fungi infect the cuticle of fruit, including apple fruit, and produce pigmented colonies. A new member of this fungal complex in the genus Peltaster is described on the basis of molecular and morphological evidence. The SBFS complex is a diverse group of ectophytic fungi that reside primarily within the order Capnodiales. Sooty blotch and flyspeck isolates from apple orchards in the central United States were subjected to parsimony and Bayesian analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer regions of nuc rDNA, the partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene, and the partial mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis delineated a new species, Peltaster gemmifer, from P. cerophilus and P. fructicola. Peltaster gemmifer conidiophores bear primary conidia that produce secondary conidia either through budding or through microcyclic conidiation; these were not seen in cultures of P. cerophilus and P. fructicola. On cellulose membrane that was placed on water agar amended with apple juice, P. gemmifer produced brown to black pycnothyria in a superficial brownish mycelial mat, similar to the colonies produced on apple fruit. Findings from the present study add to the >80 named and putative SBFS species so far described worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafizi Rosli
- a School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 Penang , Malaysia
| | - Jean C Batzer
- b Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology , ATRB Building, 2213 Pammel Drive, Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011
| | - Thomas C Harrington
- b Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology , ATRB Building, 2213 Pammel Drive, Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011
| | - Mark L Gleason
- b Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology , ATRB Building, 2213 Pammel Drive, Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011
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Zeng XY, Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Putarak C, Wen TC. Translucidithyrium thailandicum gen. et sp. nov.: a new genus in Phaeothecoidiellaceae. Mycol Prog 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang MM, Shenoy BD, Li W, Cai L. Molecular phylogeny of Neodevriesia, with two new species and several new combinations. Mycologia 2018; 109:965-974. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1415075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Belle Damodara Shenoy
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography Regional Centre, No. 176, Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, 530017, India
| | - Wei Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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11
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Xu C, Zhang R, Sun G, Gleason ML. Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Adaptation to the Ectophytic Lifestyle of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:3137-3151. [PMID: 29126189 PMCID: PMC5737583 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) fungi are a distinctive group of plant pathogens which, although phylogenetically diverse, occupy an exclusively surface-dwelling niche. They cause economic losses by superficially blemishing the fruit of several tree crops, principally apple, in moist temperate regions worldwide. In this study, we performed genome-wide comparative analyses separately within three pairs of species of ascomycete pathogens; each pair contained an SBFS species as well as a closely related but plant-penetrating parasite (PPP) species. Our results showed that all three of the SBFS pathogens had significantly smaller genome sizes, gene numbers and repeat ratios than their counterpart PPPs. The pathogenicity-related genes encoding MFS transporters, secreted proteins (mainly effectors and peptidases), plant cell wall degrading enzymes, and secondary metabolism enzymes were also drastically reduced in the SBFS fungi compared with their PPP relatives. We hypothesize that the above differences in genome composition are due largely to different levels of acquisition, loss, expansion, and contraction of gene families and emergence of orphan genes. Furthermore, results suggested that horizontal gene transfer may have played a role, although limited, in the divergent evolutionary paths of SBFS pathogens and PPPs; repeat-induced point mutation could have inhibited the propagation of transposable elements and expansion of gene families in the SBFS group, given that this mechanism is stronger in the SBFS fungi than in their PPP relatives. These results substantially broaden understanding of evolutionary mechanisms of adaptation of fungi to the epicuticular niche of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mark L Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Jiao J, Zhou C, Guan LL, McSweeney CS, Tang S, Wang M, Tan Z. Shifts in Host Mucosal Innate Immune Function Are Associated with Ruminal Microbial Succession in Supplemental Feeding and Grazing Goats at Different Ages. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1655. [PMID: 28912767 PMCID: PMC5582421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiota may play an important role in regulating host mucosal innate immune function. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that age (non-rumination, transition and rumination) and feeding type [Supplemental feeding (S) vs. Grazing (G)] could alter ruminal microbial diversity and maturation of host mucosal innate immune system in goat kids. MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate ruminal microbial composition and diversity, and RT-PCR was used to test expression of immune-related genes in ruminal mucosa. Results showed that higher (P < 0.05) relative abundances of Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Methanobrevibacter.gottschalkii, Neocallimastix, Anoplodinium-Diplodinium, and Polyplastron, and lower relative abundance of Methanosphaera (P = 0.042) were detected in the rumen of S kids when compared to those in G kids. The expression of genes encoding TLRs, IL1α, IL1β and TICAM2 was down-regulated (P < 0.01), while expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins was up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the ruminal mucosa of S kids when compared to that in G kids. Moreover, irrespective of feeding type, relative abundances of ruminal Prevotella, Fibrobacter, Ruminococcus, Butyrivibrio, Methanobrevibacter, Neocallimastix, and Entodinium increased with age. The expression of most genes encoding TLRs and cytokines increased (P < 0.05) from day 0 to 7, while expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins declined with age (P < 0.05). This study revealed that the composition of each microbial domain changed as animals grew, and these changes might be associated with variations in host mucosal innate immune function. Moreover, supplementing goat kids with concentrate could modulate ruminal microbial composition, enhance barrier function and decrease local inflammation. The findings provide useful information in interpreting microbiota and host interactions, and developing nutritional strategies to improve the productivity and health of rumen during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production SafetyChangsha, China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production SafetyChangsha, China
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, EdmontonAB, Canada
| | - C S McSweeney
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St LuciaQLD, Australia
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production SafetyChangsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production SafetyChangsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production SafetyChangsha, China
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Videira S, Groenewald J, Nakashima C, Braun U, Barreto R, de Wit P, Crous P. Mycosphaerellaceae - Chaos or clarity? Stud Mycol 2017; 87:257-421. [PMID: 29180830 PMCID: PMC5693839 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycosphaerellaceae represent thousands of fungal species that are associated with diseases on a wide range of plant hosts. Understanding and stabilising the taxonomy of genera and species of Mycosphaerellaceae is therefore of the utmost importance given their impact on agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Based on previous molecular studies, several phylogenetic and morphologically distinct genera within the Mycosphaerellaceae have been delimited. In this study a multigene phylogenetic analysis (LSU, ITS and rpb2) was performed based on 415 isolates representing 297 taxa and incorporating ex-type strains where available. The main aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among the genera currently recognised within the family, and to clarify the position of the cercosporoid fungi among them. Based on these results many well-known genera are shown to be paraphyletic, with several synapomorphic characters that have evolved more than once within the family. As a consequence, several old generic names including Cercosporidium, Fulvia, Mycovellosiella, Phaeoramularia and Raghnildiana are resurrected, and 32 additional genera are described as new. Based on phylogenetic data 120 genera are now accepted within the family, but many currently accepted cercosporoid genera still remain unresolved pending fresh collections and DNA data. The present study provides a phylogenetic framework for future taxonomic work within the Mycosphaerellaceae.
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Key Words
- Adelopus gaeumannii T. Rohde
- Amycosphaerella keniensis (Crous & T.A. Cout.) Videira & Crous
- Australosphaerella Videira & Crous
- Australosphaerella nootherensis (Carnegie) Videira & Crous
- Biharia vangueriae Thirum. & Mishra
- Brunswickiella Videira & Crous
- Brunswickiella parsonsiae (Crous & Summerell) Videira & Crous
- Catenulocercospora C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Catenulocercospora fusimaculans (G.F. Atk.) C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Cercoramularia Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Cercoramularia koreana Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Cercospora brachycarpa Syd.
- Cercospora cajani Henn.
- Cercospora desmodii Ellis & Kellerm.
- Cercospora ferruginea Fuckel
- Cercospora gnaphaliacea Cooke
- Cercospora gomphrenicola Speg.
- Cercospora henningsii Allesch.
- Cercospora mangiferae Koord.
- Cercospora microsora Sacc.
- Cercospora rosicola Pass.
- Cercospora smilacis Thüm.
- Cercospora tiliae Peck
- Cercosporidium californicum (S.T. Koike & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Cercosporidium helleri Earle
- Chuppomyces Videira & Crous
- Chuppomyces handelii (Bubák) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Cladosporium bacilligerum Mont. & Fr.
- Cladosporium chaetomium Cooke
- Cladosporium fulvum Cooke
- Cladosporium lonicericola Yong H. He & Z.Y. Zhang
- Cladosporium personatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis
- Clarohilum Videira & Crous
- Clarohilum henningsii (Allesch.) Videira & Crous
- Clasterosporium degenerans Syd. & P. Syd.
- Clypeosphaerella calotropidis (Ellis & Everh.) Videira & Crous
- Collarispora Videira & Crous
- Collarispora valgourgensis (Crous) Videira & Crous
- Coremiopassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Coremiopassalora eucalypti (Crous & Alfenas) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Coremiopassalora leptophlebae (Crous et al.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Coryneum vitiphyllum Speschnew
- Cryptosporium acicola Thüm.
- Deightonomyces Videira & Crous
- Deightonomyces daleae (Ellis & Kellerm.) Videira & Crous
- Devonomyces Videira & Crous
- Devonomyces endophyticus (Crous & H. Sm. Ter) Videira & Crous
- Distocercosporaster Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Distocercosporaster dioscoreae (Ellis & G. Martin) Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Distomycovellosiella U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Distomycovellosiella brachycarpa (Syd.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Exopassalora Videira & Crous
- Exopassalora zambiae (Crous & T.A. Cout.) Videira & Crous
- Exosporium livistonicola U. Braun, Videira & Crous for Distocercospora livistonae U. Braun & C.F. Hill
- Exutisphaerella Videira & Crous
- Exutisphaerella laricina (R. Hartig) Videira & Crous
- Fusoidiella anethi (Pers.) Videira & Crous
- Graminopassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Graminopassalora graminis (Fuckel) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Helicoma fasciculatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis.
- Hyalocercosporidium Videira & Crous
- Hyalocercosporidium desmodii Videira & Crous
- Hyalozasmidium U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Hyalozasmidium aerohyalinosporum (Crous & Summerell) Videira & Crous
- Hyalozasmidium sideroxyli U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Isariopsis griseola Sacc.
- Madagascaromyces U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Madagascaromyces intermedius (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Videira & Crous
- Micronematomyces U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Micronematomyces caribensis (Crous & Den Breeÿen) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Micronematomyces chromolaenae (Crous & Den Breeÿen) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Multi-gene phylogeny
- Mycosphaerella
- Neoceratosperma haldinae U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Neoceratosperma legnephoricola U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Neocercosporidium Videira & Crous
- Neocercosporidium smilacis (Thüm.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Neophloeospora Videira & Crous
- Neophloeospora maculans (Bérenger) Videira & Crous
- Nothopassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Nothopericoniella Videira & Crous
- Nothopericoniella perseae-macranthae (Hosag. & U. Braun) Videira & Crous
- Nothophaeocryptopus Videira, C. Nakash., U. Braun, Crous
- Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii (T. Rohde) Videira, C. Nakash., U. Braun, Crous
- Pachyramichloridium Videira & Crous
- Pachyramichloridium pini (de Hoog & Rahman) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Paracercosporidium Videira & Crous
- Paracercosporidium microsorum (Sacc.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Paracercosporidium tiliae (Peck) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Paramycosphaerella wachendorfiae (Crous) Videira & Crous
- Paramycovellosiella Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Paramycovellosiella passaloroides (G. Winter) Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Parapallidocercospora Videira, Crous, U. Braun, C. Nakash.
- Parapallidocercospora colombiensis (Crous et al.) Videira & Crous
- Parapallidocercospora thailandica (Crous et al.) Videira & Crous
- Phaeocercospora juniperina (Georgescu & Badea) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Plant pathogen
- Pleopassalora Videira & Crous
- Pleopassalora perplexa (Beilharz et al.) Videira & Crous
- Pleuropassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pleuropassalora armatae (Crous & A.R. Wood) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pluripassalora Videira & Crous
- Pluripassalora bougainvilleae (Munt.-Cvetk.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudocercospora convoluta (Crous & Den Breeÿen) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudocercospora nodosa (Constant.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudocercospora platanigena Videira & Crous for Stigmella platani Fuckel, non Pseudocercospora platani (J.M. Yen) J.M. Yen 1979
- Pseudocercospora zambiensis (Deighton) Crous & U. Braun
- Pseudopericoniella Videira & Crous
- Pseudopericoniella levispora (Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Pseudophaeophleospora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudophaeophleospora atkinsonii (Syd.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudophaeophleospora stonei (Crous) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium eucalypti (Crous & Summerell) Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium nabiacense (Crous & Carnegie) Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium parkii (Crous & Alfenas) Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium vietnamense (Barber & T.I. Burgess) Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana ampelopsidis (Peck) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana diffusa (Heald & F.A. Wolf) Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana ferruginea (Fuckel) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana gnaphaliaceae (Cooke) Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Ragnhildiana perfoliati (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana pseudotithoniae (Crous & Cheew.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ramulispora sorghiphila U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Rhachisphaerella Videira & Crous
- Rhachisphaerella mozambica (Arzanlou & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Rosisphaerella Videira & Crous
- Rosisphaerella rosicola (Pass.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Scolicotrichum roumeguerei Briosi & Cavara
- Septoria martiniana Sacc
- Sphaerella araneosa Rehm
- Sphaerella laricina R. Hartig
- Stictosepta cupularis Petr.
- Stigmella platani Fuckel
- Sultanimyces Videira & Crous
- Sultanimyces vitiphyllus (Speschnew) Videira & Crous
- Tapeinosporium viride Bonord
- Taxonomy
- Utrechtiana roumeguerei (Cavara) Videira & Crous
- Virosphaerella Videira & Crous
- Virosphaerella irregularis (Cheew. et al.) Videira & Crous
- Virosphaerella pseudomarksii (Cheew. et al.) Videira & Crous
- Xenosonderhenioides Videira & Crous
- Xenosonderhenioides indonesiana C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium arcuatum (Arzanlou et al.) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium biverticillatum (Arzanlou & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium cerophilum (Tubaki) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium daviesiae (Cooke & Massee) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium elaeocarpi U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium eucalypticola U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium grevilleae U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium gupoyu (R. Kirschner) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium hakeae U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium iteae (R. Kirschner) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium musae-banksii Videira & Crous for Ramichloridium australiense Arzanlou & Crous, non Zasmidium australiense (J.L. Mulder) U. Braun & Crous 2013
- Zasmidium musigenum Videira & Crous for Veronaea musae Stahel ex M.B. Ellis, non Zasmidium musae (Arzanlou & Crous) Crous & U. Braun 2010
- Zasmidium proteacearum (D.E. Shaw & Alcorn) U. Braun, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Zasmidium pseudotsugae (V.A.M. Mill. & Bonar) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium pseudovespa (Carnegie) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium schini U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium strelitziae (Arzanlou et al.) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium tsugae (Dearn.) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium velutinum (G. Winter) Videira & Crous
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Affiliation(s)
- S.I.R. Videira
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C. Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - R.W. Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - P.J.G.M. de Wit
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Medjedović A, Frank J, Schroers HJ, Oertel B, Batzer JC. Peltaster cerophilus is a new species of the apple sooty blotch complex from Europe. Mycologia 2017; 106:525-36. [DOI: 10.3852/13-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernd Oertel
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Tejesvi MV, Picart P, Kajula M, Hautajärvi H, Ruddock L, Kristensen H, Tossi A, Sahl H, Ek S, Mattila S, Pirttilä AM. Identification of antibacterial peptides from endophytic microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9283-9293. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gunasinghe N, You MP, Cawthray GR, Barbetti MJ. Cercosporin From Pseudocercosporella capsellae and its Critical Role in White Leaf Spot Development. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1521-1531. [PMID: 30686233 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-15-1192-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pseudocercosporella capsellae, the causative agent of white leaf spot disease in Brassicaceae, can produce a purple-pink pigment on artificial media resembling, but not previously confirmed as, the toxin cercosporin. Chemical extraction with ethyl acetate from growing hyphae followed by quantitative (thin-layer chromatography [TLC] and high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]) and qualitative methods showed an identical absorption spectrum, with similar retardation factor (Rf) values on TLC papers and an identical peak with the same retention time in HPLC as for a standard for cercosporin. We believe this is the first report to confirm that the purple-pink pigment produced by P. capsellae is cercosporin. Confocal microscopy detected green autofluorescence of cercosporin-producing hyphae, confirming the presence of cercosporin inside hyphae. The highly virulent UWA Wlra-7 isolate of P. capsellae produced the greatest quantity of cercosporin (10.69 mg g-1). The phytotoxicity and role of cercosporin in disease initiation across each of three Brassicaceae host species (Brassica juncea, B. napus, and Raphanus raphanistrum) was also studied. Culture filtrates containing cercosporin were phytotoxic to all three host plant species, producing large, white lesions on highly sensitive B. juncea, only water-soaked areas on least sensitive R. raphanistrum, and intermediate lesions on B. napus. It is noteworthy that sensitivity to cercosporin of these three host species was analogous to their susceptibility to the pathogen, viz., B. juncea the most susceptible, R. raphanistrum the least susceptible, and B. napus intermediate. The presence of cercosporin in the inoculum significantly increased disease severity on the highly cercosporin-sensitive B. juncea. We believe that this is the first study to demonstrate that P. capsellae produces cercosporin in liquid culture rather than agar media. Finally, this study highlights an important role of cercosporin as a pathogenicity factor in white leaf spot disease on Brassicaceae as evidenced by the ability of the cercosporin-rich culture filtrate to reproduce white leaf spot lesions on host plants and by the enhanced virulence of P. capsellae in the presence of cercosporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niroshini Gunasinghe
- School of Plant Biology and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ming Pei You
- School of Plant Biology and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gregory R Cawthray
- School of Plant Biology and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Martin J Barbetti
- School of Plant Biology and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Abstract
Ramularia is a species-rich genus that harbours plant pathogens responsible for yield losses to many important crops, including barley, sugar beet and strawberry. Species of Ramularia are hyphomycetes with hyaline conidiophores and conidia with distinct, thickened, darkened, refractive conidiogenous loci and conidial hila, and Mycosphaerella sexual morphs. Because of its simple morphology and general lack of DNA data in public databases, several allied genera are frequently confused with Ramularia. In order to improve the delimitation of Ramularia from allied genera and the circumscription of species within the genus Ramularia, a polyphasic approach based on multilocus DNA sequences, morphological and cultural data were used in this study. A total of 420 isolates belonging to Ramularia and allied genera were targeted for the amplification and sequencing of six partial genes. Although Ramularia and Ramulariopsis proved to be monophyletic, Cercosporella and Pseudocercosporella were polyphyletic. Phacellium isolates clustered within the Ramularia clade and the genus is thus tentatively reduced to synonymy under Ramularia. Cercosporella and Pseudocercosporella isolates that were not congeneric with the ex-type strains of the type species of those genera were assigned to existing genera or to the newly introduced genera Teratoramularia and Xenoramularia, respectively. Teratoramularia is a genus with ramularia-like morphology belonging to the Teratosphaeriaceae, and Xenoramularia was introduced to accommodate hyphomycetous species closely related to Zymoseptoria. The genera Apseudocercosporella, Epicoleosporium, Filiella, Fusidiella, Neopseudocercosporella, and Mycosphaerelloides were also newly introduced to accommodate species non-congeneric with their purported types. A total of nine new combinations and 24 new species were introduced in this study.
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Key Words
- Acrodontium fagicola Videira & Crous
- Acrodontium luzulae Videira & Crous
- Acrodontium pigmentosum Videira & Crous
- Apseudocercosporella Videira & Crous
- Apseudocercosporella trigonotidis Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Barcoding
- Cercosporella catenulata Videira & Crous
- Cercosporella gossypii Speg.
- Cercosporoid
- Crocysporium rubellum Bonord.
- Cylindrosporium heraclei Oudem.
- Epicoleosporium Videira & Crous
- Epicoleosporium ramularioides Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Filiella Videira & Crous
- Filiella pastinacae (P. Karst.) Videira & Crous
- Fusoidiella Videira & Crous
- Fusoidiella depressa (Berk. & Broome) Videira & Crous
- Fusoma inaequale Preuss
- Multilocus phylogeny
- Mycosphaerella
- Mycosphaerelloides Videira & Crous
- Mycosphaerelloides madeirae (Crous & Denman) Videira & Crous
- Neopseudocercosporella Videira & Crous
- Neopseudocercosporella brassicae (Chevall.) Videira & Crous
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellae (Ellis & Everh.) Videira & Crous
- Ovularia tovarae Sawada
- Plant pathogen
- Ramularia acroptili Bremer
- Ramularia alangiicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia aplospora Speg.
- Ramularia armoraciae Fuckel
- Ramularia beticola Fautrey & Lambotte
- Ramularia cerastiicola (Crous) Videira & Crous
- Ramularia collo-cygni B. Sutton & J.M. Waller
- Ramularia euonymicola Videira, H.D. Shin, U. Braun & Crous
- Ramularia gaultheriae Videira & Crous
- Ramularia geranii Fuckel
- Ramularia geraniicola Videira & Crous
- Ramularia kriegeriana Bres
- Ramularia lamii Fuckel var. lamii
- Ramularia malicola Videira & Crous
- Ramularia neodeusta Videira & Crous
- Ramularia osterici Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia pusilla Unger
- Ramularia rumicicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia stellariicola (M.J. Park et al.) Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia trigonotidis Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Ramularia vallisumbrosae Cavara
- Ramularia variabilis Fuckel
- Ramularia veronicicola Videira & Crous
- Ramularia weberiana Videira & Crous
- Ramulariopsis pseudoglycines Videira, Crous & Braun
- Sphaerulina chaenomelis (Y. Suto) Videira, U. Braun, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Sphaerulina koreana (Crous et al.) Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Teratoramularia Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Teratoramularia infinita Videira & Crous
- Teratoramularia kirschneriana Videira & Crous
- Teratoramularia persicariae Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Teratoramularia rumicicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Xenoramularia Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Xenoramularia arxii Videira & Crous
- Xenoramularia neerlandica Videira & Crous
- Xenoramularia polygonicola Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
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Affiliation(s)
- S.I.R. Videira
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H.D. Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Exploring fungal mega-diversity: Pseudocercospora from Brazil. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2016; 37:142-172. [PMID: 28232763 PMCID: PMC5315286 DOI: 10.3767/003158516x691078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the genus Pseudocercospora has a worldwide distribution, it is especially diverse in tropical and subtropical countries. Species of this genus are associated with a wide range of plant species, including several economically relevant hosts. Preliminary studies of cercosporoid fungi from Brazil allocated most taxa to Cercospora, but with the progressive refinement of the taxonomy of cercosporoid fungi, many species were relocated to or described in Pseudocercospora. Initially, species identification relied mostly on morphological features, and thus no cultures were preserved for later phylogenetic comparisons. In this study, a total of 27 Pseudocercospora spp. were collected, cultured, and subjected to a multigene analysis. Four genomic regions (LSU, ITS, tef1 and actA) were amplified and sequenced. A multigene Bayesian analysis was performed on the combined ITS, actA and tef1 sequence alignment. Our results based on DNA phylogeny, integrated with ecology, morphology and cultural characteristics revealed a rich diversity of Pseudocercospora species in Brazil. Twelve taxa were newly described, namely P. aeschynomenicola, P. diplusodonii, P. emmotunicola, P. manihotii, P. perae, P. planaltinensis, P. pothomorphes, P. sennae-multijugae, P. solani-pseudocapsicicola, P. vassobiae, P. wulffiae and P. xylopiae. Additionally, eight epitype specimens were designated, three species newly reported, and several new host records linked to known Pseudocercospora spp.
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Novel fungi from an ancient niche: cercosporoid and related sexual morphs on ferns. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2016; 37:106-141. [PMID: 28232762 PMCID: PMC5315284 DOI: 10.3767/003158516x690934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fern flora of the world (Pteridophyta) has direct evolutionary links with the earliest vascular plants that appeared in the late Devonian. Knowing the mycobiota associated to this group of plants is critical for a full understanding of the Fungi. Nevertheless, perhaps because of the minor economic significance of ferns, this niche remains relatively neglected by mycologists. Cercosporoid fungi represent a large assemblage of fungi belonging to the Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae (Ascomycota) having cercospora-like asexual morphs. They are well-known pathogens of many important crops, occurring on a wide host range. Here, the results of a taxonomic study of cercosporoid fungi collected on ferns in Brazil are presented. Specimens were obtained from most Brazilian regions and collected over a 7-yr period (2009–2015). Forty-three isolates of cercosporoid and mycosphaerella-like species, collected from 18 host species, representing 201 localities, were studied. This resulted in a total of 21 frond-spotting taxa, which were identified based on morphology, ecology and sequence data of five genomic loci (actin, calmodulin, ITS, LSU and partial translation elongation factor 1-α). One novel genus (Clypeosphaerella) and 15 novel species (Cercospora samambaiae, Clypeosphaerella sticheri, Neoceratosperma alsophilae, N. cyatheae, Paramycosphaerella blechni, Pa. cyatheae, Pa. dicranopteridis-flexuosae, Pa. sticheri, Phaeophleospora pteridivora, Pseudocercospora brackenicola, Ps. paranaensis, Ps. serpocaulonicola, Ps. trichogena, Xenomycosphaerella diplazii and Zasmidium cyatheae) are introduced. Furthermore, 11 new combinations (Clypeosphaerella quasiparkii, Neoceratosperma yunnanensis, Paramycosphaerella aerohyalinosporum, Pa. dicranopteridis, Pa. gleicheniae, Pa. irregularis, Pa. madeirensis, Pa. nabiacense, Pa. parkii, Pa. pseudomarksii and Pa. vietnamensis) are proposed. Finally, nine new host associations are recorded for the following known fungal species: Cercospora coniogrammes, Cercospora sp. Q, Ps. abacopteridicola, Ps. lygodiicola and Ps. thelypteridis.
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Lamichhane JR, Venturi V. Synergisms between microbial pathogens in plant disease complexes: a growing trend. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:385. [PMID: 26074945 PMCID: PMC4445244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases are often thought to be caused by one species or even by a specific strain. Microbes in nature, however, mostly occur as part of complex communities and this has been noted since the time of van Leeuwenhoek. Interestingly, most laboratory studies focus on single microbial strains grown in pure culture; we were therefore unaware of possible interspecies and/or inter-kingdom interactions of pathogenic microbes in the wild. In human and animal infections, it is now being recognized that many diseases are the result of multispecies synergistic interactions. This increases the complexity of the disease and has to be taken into consideration in the development of more effective control measures. On the other hand, there are only a few reports of synergistic pathogen-pathogen interactions in plant diseases and the mechanisms of interactions are currently unknown. Here we review some of these reports of synergism between different plant pathogens and their possible implications in crop health. Finally, we briefly highlight the recent technological advances in diagnostics as these are beginning to provide important insights into the microbial communities associated with complex plant diseases. These examples of synergistic interactions of plant pathogens that lead to disease complexes might prove to be more common than expected and understanding the underlying mechanisms might have important implications in plant disease epidemiology and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyTrieste, Italy
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Towards a phylogenetic reappraisal of Parmulariaceae and Asterinaceae (Dothideomycetes). Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2015; 35:230-41. [PMID: 26823634 PMCID: PMC4713106 DOI: 10.3767/003158515x688046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Asterinaceae and Parmulariaceae are obligate biotrophic fungi with a pantropical distribution that grow in direct association with living plant tissues and produce external ascomata and bitunicate asci. These fungi are poorly known, with limited information about their taxonomic position in the Dothideomycetes. Much of what is known is conjectural and based on observation of morphological characters. An assessment of the phylogenetic position of the Asterinaceae and Parmulariaceae is provided based on a phylogenetic analysis of the nrDNA operon (ITS) and the large subunit rDNA (LSU) sequence data obtained from fresh material of selected species collected in Brazil. Three key species were included and epitypified, namely Asterina melastomatis, which is the type species for the type genus of the Asterinaceae; Prillieuxina baccharidincola (Asterinaceae); and Parmularia styracis, which is the type species for the type genus of the Parmulariaceae. An LSU rDNA phylogenetic analysis was performed indicating the correct phylogenetic placement of the Asterinales within the Dothideomycetes. From this initial analysis it is clear that the Parmulariaceae as currently circumscribed is polyphyletic, and that the Asterinaceae and Parmulariaceae are related, which justifies the maintenance of the order Asterinales. Asterotexis cucurbitacearum is recognised as distinct from other Dothideomycetes and placed in the newly proposed family and order (Asterotexiaceae, Asterotexiales), while the higher order phylogeny of Inocyclus angularis remains unresolved. Additionally, Lembosia abaxialis is introduced as a novel species and the phylogenetic placement of the genera Batistinula and Prillieuxina is clarified.
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Vyas N, Al-Hashimi S, Munir W. Microcyclosporella mali: a novel fungal keratitis in a post-penetrating keratoplasty patient. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-207416. [PMID: 25725025 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An 86-year-old woman underwent penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and presented with an acute corneal ulcer thereafter. Examination demonstrated a fluffy white infiltrate and epithelial defect with subsequent endothelial plaque formation and anterior chamber inflammation. The ulcer was cultured, and fortified topical vancomycin and tobramycin were initiated but failed to significantly improve the clinical course. Cultures were ultimately positive for fungus Microcyclosporella mali that responded well to topical natamycin with stabilisation of the ulcer after 6 weeks of topical therapy. This is the first reported case of fungal keratitis due to M. mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Vyas
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saba Al-Hashimi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wuqaas Munir
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Surup F, Medjedović A, Szczygielski M, Schroers HJ, Stadler M. Production of Trichothecenes by the apple sooty blotch fungus Microcyclospora tardicrescens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3525-3530. [PMID: 24697667 DOI: 10.1021/jf500153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) syndrome of apples and other fruits is caused by a complex consortium of epiphytic fungi that colonize the fruit cuticula. SBFS fungal strains isolated from apples were screened for growth inhibition of the phytopathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae in dual culture tests. Extracts of 11 isolates of SBFS fungi (Microcyclospora malicola, Microcyclospora pomicola, Microcyclospora tardicrescens, and Microcyclosporella mali) inhibited growth of the test strains and were studied for production of antibiotics. A strain of Microcyclospora tardicrescens strongly inhibited growth and was cultivated on a larger scale to characterize its secondary metabolites. Bioassay-guided fractionation and subsequent structure elucidation by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (NMR, HRMS) yielded trichothecolone acetate (1) and its novel derivative (S)-7-hydroxytrichothecolone acetate (2) as active principles. Microcyclospora tardicrescens was thus identified as a producer of the hazardous trichothecene type mycotoxins for the first time, which should give reason to monitor these foodborne fungi more carefully in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Surup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Egidi E, de Hoog GS, Isola D, Onofri S, Quaedvlieg W, de Vries M, Verkley GJM, Stielow JB, Zucconi L, Selbmann L. Phylogeny and taxonomy of meristematic rock-inhabiting black fungi in the Dothideomycetes based on multi-locus phylogenies. FUNGAL DIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Crous P, Braun U, Hunter G, Wingfield M, Verkley G, Shin HD, Nakashima C, Groenewald J. Phylogenetic lineages in Pseudocercospora. Stud Mycol 2013; 75:37-114. [PMID: 24014898 PMCID: PMC3713886 DOI: 10.3114/sim0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudocercospora is a large cosmopolitan genus of plant pathogenic fungi that are commonly associated with leaf and fruit spots as well as blights on a wide range of plant hosts. They occur in arid as well as wet environments and in a wide range of climates including cool temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions. Pseudocercospora is now treated as a genus in its own right, although formerly recognised as either an anamorphic state of Mycosphaerella or having mycosphaerella-like teleomorphs. The aim of this study was to sequence the partial 28S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene of a selected set of isolates to resolve phylogenetic generic limits within the Pseudocercospora complex. From these data, 14 clades are recognised, six of which cluster in Mycosphaerellaceae. Pseudocercospora s. str. represents a distinct clade, sister to Passalora eucalypti, and a clade representing the genera Scolecostigmina, Trochophora and Pallidocercospora gen. nov., taxa formerly accommodated in the Mycosphaerella heimii complex and characterised by smooth, pale brown conidia, as well as the formation of red crystals in agar media. Other clades in Mycosphaerellaceae include Sonderhenia, Microcyclosporella, and Paracercospora. Pseudocercosporella resides in a large clade along with Phloeospora, Miuraea, Cercospora and Septoria. Additional clades represent Dissoconiaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae, Cladosporiaceae, and the genera Xenostigmina, Strelitziana, Cyphellophora and Thedgonia. The genus Phaeomycocentrospora is introduced to accommodate Mycocentrospora cantuariensis, primarily distinguished from Pseudocercospora based on its hyaline hyphae, broad conidiogenous loci and hila. Host specificity was considered for 146 species of Pseudocercospora occurring on 115 host genera from 33 countries. Partial nucleotide sequence data for three gene loci, ITS, EF-1α, and ACT suggest that the majority of these species are host specific. Species identified on the basis of host, symptomatology and general morphology, within the same geographic region, frequently differed phylogenetically, indicating that the application of European and American names to Asian taxa, and vice versa, was often not warranted. TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES New genera - Pallidocercospora Crous, Phaeomycocentrospora Crous, H.D. Shin & U. Braun; New species - Cercospora eucommiae Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Microcyclospora quercina Crous & Verkley, Pseudocercospora ampelopsis Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora cercidicola Crous, U. Braun & C. Nakash., Pseudocercospora crispans G.C. Hunter & Crous, Pseudocercospora crocea Crous, U. Braun, G.C. Hunter & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora haiweiensis Crous & X. Zhou, Pseudocercospora humulicola Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora marginalis G.C. Hunter, Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora ocimi-basilici Crous, M.E. Palm & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora plectranthi G.C. Hunter, Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora proteae Crous, Pseudocercospora pseudostigmina-platani Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora pyracanthigena Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora ravenalicola G.C. Hunter & Crous, Pseudocercospora rhamnellae G.C. Hunter, H.D. Shin, U. Braun & Crous, Pseudocercospora rhododendri-indici Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Pseudocercospora tibouchinigena Crous & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora xanthocercidis Crous, U. Braun & A. Wood, Pseudocercosporella koreana Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin; New combinations - Pallidocercospora acaciigena (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & M.J. Wingf., Pallidocercospora crystallina (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & M.J. Wingf., Pallidocercospora heimii (Crous) Crous, Pallidocercospora heimioides (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & M.J. Wingf., Pallidocercospora holualoana (Crous, Joanne E. Taylor & M.E. Palm) Crous, Pallidocercospora konae (Crous, Joanne E. Taylor & M.E. Palm) Crous, Pallidoocercospora irregulariramosa (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & M.J. Wingf., Phaeomycocentrospora cantuariensis (E.S. Salmon & Wormald) Crous, H.D. Shin & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora hakeae (U. Braun & Crous) U. Braun & Crous, Pseudocercospora leucadendri (Cooke) U. Braun & Crous, Pseudocercospora snelliana (Reichert) U. Braun, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous, Pseudocercosporella chaenomelis (Y. Suto) C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin; Typifications: Epitypifications - Pseudocercospora angolensis (T. Carvalho & O. Mendes) Crous & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora araliae (Henn.) Deighton, Pseudocercospora cercidis-chinensis H.D. Shin & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora corylopsidis (Togashi & Katsuki) C. Nakash. & Tak. Kobay., Pseudocercospora dovyalidis (Chupp & Doidge) Deighton, Pseudocercospora fukuokaensis (Chupp) X.J. Liu & Y.L. Guo, Pseudocercospora humuli (Hori) Y.L. Guo & X.J. Liu, Pseudocercospora kiggelariae (Syd.) Crous & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora lyoniae (Katsuki & Tak. Kobay.) Deighton, Pseudocercospora lythri H.D. Shin & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora sambucigena U. Braun, Crous & K. Schub., Pseudocercospora stephanandrae (Tak. Kobay. & H. Horie) C. Nakash. & Tak. Kobay., Pseudocercospora viburnigena U. Braun & Crous, Pseudocercosporella chaenomelis (Y. Suto) C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Xenostigmina zilleri (A. Funk) Crous; Lectotypification - Pseudocercospora ocimicola (Petr. & Cif.) Deighton; Neotypifications - Pseudocercospora kiggelariae (Syd.) Crous & U. Braun, Pseudocercospora lonicericola (W. Yamam.) Deighton, Pseudocercospora zelkovae (Hori) X.J. Liu & Y.L. Guo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, FB. Biologie, Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - G.C. Hunter
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Present address: Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - G.J.M. Verkley
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H.-D. Shin
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - C. Nakashima
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurima-Machiya 1577, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Quaedvlieg W, Verkley G, Shin HD, Barreto R, Alfenas A, Swart W, Groenewald J, Crous P. Sizing up Septoria. Stud Mycol 2013; 75:307-90. [PMID: 24014902 PMCID: PMC3713890 DOI: 10.3114/sim0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Septoria represents a genus of plant pathogenic fungi with a wide geographic distribution, commonly associated with leaf spots and stem cankers of a broad range of plant hosts. A major aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic generic limits of Septoria, Stagonospora, and other related genera such as Sphaerulina, Phaeosphaeria and Phaeoseptoria using sequences of the the partial 28S nuclear ribosomal RNA and RPB2 genes of a large set of isolates. Based on these results Septoria is shown to be a distinct genus in the Mycosphaerellaceae, which has mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs. Several septoria-like species are now accommodated in Sphaerulina, a genus previously linked to this complex. Phaeosphaeria (based on P. oryzae) is shown to be congeneric with Phaeoseptoria (based on P. papayae), which is reduced to synonymy under the former. Depazea nodorum (causal agent of nodorum blotch of cereals) and Septoria avenae (causal agent of avenae blotch of barley and rye) are placed in a new genus, Parastagonospora, which is shown to be distinct from Stagonospora (based on S. paludosa) and Phaeosphaeria. Partial nucleotide sequence data for five gene loci, ITS, LSU, EF-1α, RPB2 and Btub were generated for all of these isolates. A total of 47 clades or genera were resolved, leading to the introduction of 14 new genera, 36 new species, and 19 new combinations. TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES New genera - Acicuseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Cylindroseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Kirstenboschia Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neostagonospora Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Parastagonospora Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Polyphialoseptoria Quaedvlieg, R.W. Barreto, Verkley & Crous, Ruptoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Septorioides Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Setoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stromatoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Vrystaatia Quaedvlieg, W.J. Swart, Verkley & Crous, Xenobotryosphaeria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Xenoseptoria Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous. New species - Acicuseptoria rumicis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Caryophylloseptoria pseudolychnidis Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Coniothyrium sidae Quaedvlieg, Verkley, R.W. Barreto & Crous, Corynespora leucadendri Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Cylindroseptoria ceratoniae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Cylindroseptoria pistaciae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Kirstenboschia diospyri Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neoseptoria caricis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neostagonospora caricis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neostagonospora elegiae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Paraphoma dioscoreae Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Parastagonospora caricis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Parastagonospora poae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Phlyctema vincetoxici Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Polyphialoseptoria tabebuiae-serratifoliae Quaedvlieg, Alfenas & Crous, Polyphialoseptoria terminaliae Quaedvlieg, R.W. Barreto, Verkley & Crous, Pseudoseptoria collariana Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Pseudoseptoria obscura Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sclerostagonospora phragmiticola Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Septoria cretae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Septoria glycinicola Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Septoria oenanthicola Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Septoria pseudonapelli Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Setophoma chromolaenae Quaedvlieg, Verkley, R.W. Barreto & Crous, Setoseptoria phragmitis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina amelanchier Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina pseudovirgaureae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina viciae Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Stagonospora duoseptata Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stagonospora perfecta Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stagonospora pseudocaricis Quaedvlieg, Verkley, Gardiennet & Crous, Stagonospora pseudovitensis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stagonospora uniseptata Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Vrystaatia aloeicola Quaedvlieg, Verkley, W.J. Swart & Crous, Xenobotryosphaeria calamagrostidis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous. New combinations - Parastagonospora avenae (A.B. Frank) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Parastagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Phaeosphaeria papayae (Speg.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Pseudocercospora domingensis (Petr. & Cif.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Ruptoseptoria unedonis (Roberge ex Desm.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Septorioides pini-thunbergii (S. Kaneko) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina abeliceae (Hiray.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina azaleae (Voglino) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina berberidis (Niessl) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina cercidis (Fr.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina menispermi (Thüm.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina musiva (Peck) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina oxyacanthae (Kunze & J.C. Schmidt) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina patriniae (Miura) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina populicola (Peck) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina quercicola (Desm.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina rhabdoclinis (Butin) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stromatoseptoria castaneicola (Desm.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous. Typifications: Epitypifications - Phaeosphaeria oryzae I. Miyake, Phaeoseptoria papayae Speg.; Neotypification - Hendersonia paludosa Sacc. & Speg.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Quaedvlieg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G.J.M. Verkley
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H.-D. Shin
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Microbiology, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - R.W. Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36750 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A.C. Alfenas
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36750 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - W.J. Swart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Crous P, Shivas R, Wingfield M, Summerell B, Rossman A, Alves J, Adams G, Barreto R, Bell A, Coutinho M, Flory S, Gates G, Grice K, Hardy G, Kleczewski N, Lombard L, Longa C, Louis-Seize G, Macedo F, Mahoney D, Maresi G, Martin-Sanchez P, Marvanová L, Minnis A, Morgado L, Noordeloos M, Phillips A, Quaedvlieg W, Ryan P, Saiz-Jimenez C, Seifert K, Swart W, Tan Y, Tanney J, Thu P, Videira S, Walker D, Groenewald J. Fungal Planet description sheets: 128-153. PERSOONIA 2012; 29:146-201. [PMID: 23606771 PMCID: PMC3589791 DOI: 10.3767/003158512x661589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Catenulostroma corymbiae from Corymbia, Devriesia stirlingiae from Stirlingia, Penidiella carpentariae from Carpentaria, Phaeococcomyces eucalypti from Eucalyptus, Phialophora livistonae from Livistona, Phyllosticta aristolochiicola from Aristolochia, Clitopilus austroprunulus on sclerophyll forest litter of Eucalyptus regnans and Toxicocladosporium posoqueriae from Posoqueria. Several species are also described from South Africa, namely: Ceramothyrium podocarpi from Podocarpus, Cercospora chrysanthemoides from Chrysanthemoides, Devriesia shakazului from Aloe, Penidiella drakensbergensis from Protea, Strelitziana cliviae from Clivia and Zasmidium syzygii from Syzygium. Other species include Bipolaris microstegii from Microstegium and Synchaetomella acerina from Acer (USA), Brunneiapiospora austropalmicola from Rhopalostylis (New Zealand), Calonectria pentaseptata from Eucalyptus and Macadamia (Vietnam), Ceramothyrium melastoma from Melastoma (Indonesia), Collembolispora aristata from stream foam (Czech Republic), Devriesia imbrexigena from glazed decorative tiles (Portugal), Microcyclospora rhoicola from Rhus (Canada), Seiridium phylicae from Phylica (Tristan de Cunha, Inaccessible Island), Passalora lobeliae-fistulosis from Lobelia (Brazil) and Zymoseptoria verkleyi from Poa (The Netherlands). Valsalnicola represents a new ascomycete genus from Alnus (Austria) and Parapenidiella a new hyphomycete genus from Eucalyptus (Australia). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Level 2C East, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - B.A. Summerell
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Rm. 246, B010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - J.L. Alves
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa UFV, Campus Universitário, 36570-00, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - G.C. Adams
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - R.W. Barreto
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa UFV, Campus Universitário, 36570-00, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - A. Bell
- Gurney Road 45, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - M.L. Coutinho
- REQUIMTE – CQFB and Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - S.L. Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G. Gates
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - K.R. Grice
- Agri-Science Queensland, PO Box 1054, Mareeba 4880, Queensland, Australia
| | - G.E.St.J. Hardy
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150
| | - N.M. Kleczewski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, Southwest Purdue Agricultural Program, 4369 North Purdue Rd., Vincennes, IN 47591, USA
| | - L. Lombard
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
| | - C.M.O. Longa
- FEM-IASMA – Research and Innovation Centre, Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department. Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - G. Louis-Seize
- Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - F. Macedo
- REQUIMTE – CQFB and Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - G. Maresi
- IASMA - Centre for Technology Transfer, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - P.M. Martin-Sanchez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - L. Marvanová
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Tvrdého 14, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A.M. Minnis
- Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA- Forest Service, One Gifford Pinochet Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - L.N. Morgado
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M.E. Noordeloos
- National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A.J.L. Phillips
- CREM, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - W. Quaedvlieg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
| | - P.G. Ryan
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - C. Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - W.J. Swart
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Y.P. Tan
- Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Level 2C East, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - J.B. Tanney
- Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - P.Q. Thu
- Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - S.I.R. Videira
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
| | - D.M. Walker
- Department of Natural Sciences, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail:
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Batzer JC, Sisson AJ, Harrington TC, Mayfield DA, Gleason ML. Temporal patterns in appearance of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi on apples. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 64:928-941. [PMID: 22832919 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) is a complex of about 80 fungal species that blemish the surface of apple fruit in humid regions worldwide. The dark colonies become visible in mid- to late summer, reducing the value of fresh fruit. Although many SBFS species can co-occur in the same orchard and even on the same apple, little is known about temporal patterns of these species, including the timing of colony appearance. To test the hypothesis that colonies of SBFS species appear on apples at characteristic times during the growing season, 50 apples were monitored weekly at three Iowa orchards in 2006 and six orchards in 2007 and 2008. However, a mean of 24.3 apples per orchard was assessed at harvest because of apple drop throughout the season. Colonies were marked with colored pens as they appeared. After harvest and after storage of apples at 2 °C for 3 months, SBFS colonies on each fruit were counted and classified by morphology, and a representative subset of colonies was excised from the fruit and preserved on dried peels for species identification using rDNA. Seventeen species were identified. Stomiopeltis spp. RS1 and RS2 appeared on apples 10 to 14 days before other SBFS taxa. Dissoconium aciculare was generally the last species to appear on apple fruit, and it continued to appear during postharvest storage. The most prevalent taxa in Iowa orchards were also the most abundant. Diversity of SBFS fungi in an orchard was positively correlated with cumulative hours of surface wetness hours due to rainfall or dew, which is believed to favor growth of SBFS fungi. Species-specific information about temporal patterns of appearance on apple fruit may lead to improved SBFS management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Batzer
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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32
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Selbmann L, Isola D, Fenice M, Zucconi L, Sterflinger K, Onofri S. Potential extinction of Antarctic endemic fungal species as a consequence of global warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 438:127-134. [PMID: 22982452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cryomyces spp. are fungi adapted to the harsh conditions of the McMurdo Dry Valleys in the Antarctic. The structure of their cell wall is one of the main factors for their uncommon ability to survive external stressors. The cells are, in fact, embedded in a thick and strongly melanised cell wall encrusted with black rigid plaques giving a supplementary protection and making them practically impregnable and refractory even to commercial enzymes including chitinases and glucanases. The Antarctic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE 5003, able to produce an arsenal of lytic enzymes, including chitinases and glucanases, is known for its ability to degrade the cell walls of different food spoiling and opportunistic fungi as well as plant pathogenic Oomycota. Active cells of Cryomyces spp. were cultivated in dual culture with the mycoparasitic fungus both in liquid and solid media. Light microscope observations revealed that the cell walls of Cryomyces were heavily decayed. This resulted in the release of protoplasts. Hyphae penetration was evident with both scanning and transmission electron microscope observations. Due to its ecological amplitude (i.e. temperature growth range 0-28 °C), the parasitic fungus could easily expand its area of distribution as a consequence of global warming by invading new areas towards the interior of the continent. The establishment of interactions with organisms living at present in border ecosystems may lead to extinction of extremely specialized and poorly competitive entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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33
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Stukenbrock EH, Quaedvlieg W, Javan-Nikhah M, Zala M, Crous PW, McDonald BA. Zymoseptoria ardabiliae and Z. pseudotritici, two progenitor species of the septoria tritici leaf blotch fungus Z. tritici (synonym: Mycosphaerella graminicola). Mycologia 2012; 104:1397-407. [PMID: 22675045 DOI: 10.3852/11-374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Zymoseptoria is a newly described genus that includes the prominent wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici (synonyms Mycosphaerella graminicola and Septoria tritici). Studies indicated that the center of origin of Z. tritici is in the Middle East where this important pathogen emerged during the domestication of wheat. Several Zymoseptoria species have been found on uncultivated grasses in the Middle East, and in this article we describe two new Zymoseptoria species from Iran. These species, isolated from Elymus repens, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne, are named Z. ardabiliae and Z. pseudotritici. Both species were identified by means of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of a seven-gene DNA dataset. These taxa comprise some of the closest known relatives of the wheat pathogen Z. tritici, confirming the reported close phylogenetic relationship between Z. tritici and Z. pseudotritici.
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Li H, Sun G, Zhai X, Batzer J, Mayfield D, Crous P, Groenewald J, Gleason M. Dissoconiaceae associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck on fruits in China and the United States. PERSOONIA 2012; 28:113-25. [PMID: 23105157 PMCID: PMC3409408 DOI: 10.3767/003158512x651157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zasmidium angulare, a novel species of Mycosphaerellaceae, and several novel taxa that reside in Dissoconiaceae, were identified from a collection of apples and Cucurbita maxima (cv. Blue Hubbard) from China and the USA that exhibited sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) signs on their host substrata. Morphology on fruit surfaces and in culture, and phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNAs 28S and internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene sequences in some cases, were used to delineate seven previously unidentified species and three known species. Pseudoveronaea was established as a new genus of Dissoconiaceae, represented by two species, P. ellipsoidea and P. obclavata. Although Pseudoveronaea was morphologically similar to Veronaea, these fungi clustered with Dissoconiaceae (Capnodiales) rather than Chaetothyriales (Herpotrichiellaceae). Ramichloridium mali comb. nov., and three novel species, R. cucurbitae, R. luteum and R. punctatum were closely related with R. apiculatum, which together formed a distinct subclade in Dissoconiaceae. Species of Dissoconium s.lat. clustered in two well-supported clades supported by distinct morphological and cultural features. Subsequently Uwebraunia, a former synonym of Dissoconium, was resurrected for the one clade, with new combinations proposed for U. australiensis, U. commune, U. dekkeri and U. musae. Furthermore, we also reported that D. aciculare, Dissoconium sp., U. commune and U. dekkeri were associated with SBFS on apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.Y. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - G.Y. Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - X.R. Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - J.C. Batzer
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D.A. Mayfield
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa 50011, USA
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M.L. Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa 50011, USA
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Cooley DR, Rosenberger DA, Gleason ML, Koehler G, Cox K, Clements JM, Sutton TB, Madeiras A, Hartman JR. Variability Among Forecast Models for the Apple Sooty Blotch/Flyspeck Disease Complex. PLANT DISEASE 2011; 95:1179-1186. [PMID: 30732062 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-11-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several disease forecast models have been developed to guide treatment of the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) disease complex of apple. Generally, these empirical models are based on the accumulation of hours of leaf wetness (leaf wetness duration [LWD]) from a biofix at or near the phenological growth stage petal fall, when apple flower petals senesce and drop. The models recommend timing of the initial fungicide application targeting SBFS. However, there are significant differences among SBFS forecast models in terms of biofix and the length of LWD thresholds. A comparison of models using a single input data set generated recommendations for the first SBFS fungicide application that differed by up to 5 weeks. In an attempt to improve consistency among models, potential sources for differences were examined. Leaf wetness (LW) is a particularly variable parameter among models, depending on whether on-site or remote weather data were used, the types of sensors and their placement for on-site monitors, and the models used to estimate LW remotely. When SBFS models are applied in the field, recommended treatment thresholds do not always match the method of data acquisition, leading to potential failures. Horticultural factors, such as tree size, canopy density, and cultivar, and orchard site factors such as the distance to potential inoculum sources can impact risk of SBFS and should also be considered in forecast models. The number of fungal species identified as contributors to the SBFS disease complex has expanded tremendously in recent years. A lack of understanding of key epidemiological factors for different fungi in the complex, and which fungi represent the most challenging management problems, are obvious issues in the development of improved SBFS models. If SBFS forecast models are to be adopted, researchers will need to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Cooley
- Department of Plant, Soil, & Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | | | - Mark L Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames
| | - Glen Koehler
- Pest Management Office, University of Maine, Orono
| | - Kerik Cox
- Hudson Valley Lab, Cornell University, Highland, NY
| | - Jon M Clements
- Department of Plant, Soil, & Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Turner B Sutton
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Angela Madeiras
- Department of Plant, Soil, & Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - John R Hartman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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36
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Braun U, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Scheuer C. Pseudovirgaria, a fungicolous hyphomycete genus. IMA Fungus 2011; 2:65-9. [PMID: 22679589 PMCID: PMC3317363 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pseudovirgaria, based on P. hyperparasitica, was recently introduced for a mycoparasite of rust sori of various species of Frommeëlla, Pucciniastrum and Phragmidium in Korea. In the present study, an older name introduced by Saccardo based on European material, Rhinotrichum griseum, is shown to resemble P. hyperparasitica. Morphological study and ITS barcodes from fresh collections of R. griseum from Austria on uredinia and telia of Phragmidium bulbosum on Rubus spp. reveal that it is distinct from P. hyperparasitica. The status of the genus Rhinotrichum, introduced for a fungus occurring on dry wood, remains unclear. Pseudovirgaria grisea comb. nov. is therefore proposed for the mycoparasite occurring on rust fungi in Europe, and an epitype is designated from the recent collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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37
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Scleroramularia gen. nov. associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple and pawpaw from the Northern Hemisphere. FUNGAL DIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-010-0074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Crous PW, Barreto RW, Alfenas AC, Alfenas RF, Groenewald JZ. What is Johansonia? IMA Fungus 2010; 1:117-22. [PMID: 22679570 PMCID: PMC3348781 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2010.01.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bitunicate ascomycete genus Johansonia is presently treated as a member of Saccardiaceae, a family regarded as incertae sedis within the Ascomycota. Recent collections on leaves of a leguminous host, Dimorphandramollis, in Mato Grosso, Brazil, led to the discovery of a new species of Johansonia, described here as J.chapadiensis. Based on DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), Johansonia is revealed to represent a member of Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales. Although its family could not be resolved, it clustered basal to Schizothyriaceae and Mycosphaerellaceae, and could well represent a species of Saccardiaceae. DNA sequence data of other members of Saccardiaceae would be required, however, to confirm this classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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39
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40
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Magyar D, Shoemaker RA, Bobvos J, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ. Pyrigemmula, a novel hyphomycete genus on grapevine and tree bark. Mycol Prog 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-010-0703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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