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Frost SJ, Houang J, Hook JM, Lauto A. Chitosan adhesives with sub-micron structures for photochemical tissue bonding. Laser Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.4081/ltj.2022.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method for fabricating biocompatible chitosan-based adhesives with sub-micron structures to enhance tissue bonding. This procedure avoids coating and chemical modification of structures and requires a simple drop-casting step for the adhesive film formation. Chitosan thin films (27±3 μm) were fabricated with sub-micron pillars (rectangular cuboid with height ∼150 nm, square dimension ∼1 μm and pitch ∼2 μm) or holes (diameter ~500 nm or ~1 μm, depth ~100 or 400 nm, pitch of 1 or 2 μm). Polydimethylsiloxane moulds were used as negative templates for the adhesive solution that was cast and then allowed to dry to form thin films. These were applied on bisected rectangular strips of small sheep intestine and photochemically bonded by a green laser (λ= 532 nm, irradiance ∼110 J/cm2). The tissue repair was subsequently measured using a computer-interfaced tensiometer. The mould sub-micron structures were reproduced in the chitosan adhesive with high fidelity. The adhesive with pillars achieved the highest bonding strength (17.1±1.2 kPa) when compared to the adhesive with holes (13.0±1.3 kPa, p<0.0001, one-way ANOVA, n=15). The production of chitosan films with patterned pillars or holes in the sub-micron range was demonstrated, using a polydimethylsiloxane mould and a single drop-casting step. This technique is potentially scalable to produce adhesives of larger surface areas.
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Ratto F, Magni G, Aluigi A, Giannelli M, Centi S, Matteini P, Oberhauser W, Pini R, Rossi F. Cyanine-Doped Nanofiber Mats for Laser Tissue Bonding. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091613. [PMID: 35564323 PMCID: PMC9105542 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In spite of an extensive body of academic initiatives and innovative products, the toolkit of wound dressing has always revolved around a few common concepts such as adhesive patches and stitches and their variants. Our work aims at an alternative solution for an immediate restitutio ad integrum of the mechanical functionality in cutaneous repairs. We describe the fabrication and the application of electrospun mats of bioactive nanofibers all made of biocompatible components such as a natural polysaccharide and a cyanine dye for use as laser-activatable plasters, resembling the ultrastructure of human dermis. In particular, we investigate their morphological features and mechanical moduli under conditions of physiological relevance, and we test their use to bind a frequent benchmark of connective tissue as rabbit tendon and a significant case of clinical relevance as human dermis. Altogether, our results point to the feasibility of a new material for wound dressing combining translational potential, strength close to human dermis, extensibility exceeding 15% and state-of-art adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ratto
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Giada Magni
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, BO, Italy; (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Giannelli
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, BO, Italy; (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Sonia Centi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Werner Oberhauser
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;
| | - Roberto Pini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (P.M.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (F.R.)
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Ruprai H, Romanazzo S, Ireland J, Kilian K, Mawad D, George L, Wuhrer R, Houang J, Ta D, Myers S, Lauto A. Porous Chitosan Films Support Stem Cells and Facilitate Sutureless Tissue Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32613-32622. [PMID: 31418544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical tissue bonding with chitosan-based adhesive films is an experimental surgical technique that avoids the risk of thermal tissue injuries and the use of sutures to maintain strong tissue connection. This technique is advantageous over other tissue repair methods as it is minimally invasive and does not require mixing of multiple components before or during application. To expand the capability of the film to beyond just a tissue bonding device and promote tissue regeneration, in this study, we designed bioadhesive films that could also support stem cells. The films were modified with oligomeric chitosan to tune their erodibility and made porous through freeze-drying for better tissue integration. Of note, porous adhesive films (pore diameter ∼110 μm), with 10% of the chitosan being oligomeric, could retain similar tissue bonding strengths (13-15 kPa) to that of the nonporous chitosan-based adhesives used in previous studies when photoactivated. When tested in vitro, these films exhibited a mass loss of ∼20% after 7 days, swelling ratios of ∼270-300%, a percentage elongation of ∼90%, and both a tensile strength and Young's modulus of ∼1 MPa. The physical properties of the films were suitable for maintaining the viability and multipotency of bone-marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells over the duration of culture. Thus, these biocompatible, photoactivated porous, and erodible adhesive films show promise for applications in controlled cell delivery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Houang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
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Sliow A, Ma Z, Gargiulo G, Mahns D, Mawad D, Breen P, Stoodley M, Houang J, Kuchel R, Tettamanzi GC, Tilley RD, Frost SJ, Morley J, Longo L, Lauto A. Stimulation and Repair of Peripheral Nerves Using Bioadhesive Graft-Antenna. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801212. [PMID: 31179205 PMCID: PMC6548953 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An original wireless stimulator for peripheral nerves based on a metal loop (diameter ≈1 mm) that is powered by a transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) and does not require circuitry components is reported. The loop can be integrated in a chitosan scaffold that functions as a graft when applied onto transected nerves (graft-antenna). The graft-antenna is bonded to rat sciatic nerves by a laser without sutures; it does not migrate after implantation and is able to trigger steady compound muscle action potentials for 12 weeks (CMAP ≈1.3 mV). Eight weeks postoperatively, axon regeneration is facilitated in transected nerves that are repaired with the graft-antenna and stimulated by the TMS for 1 h per week. The graft-antenna is an innovative and minimally-invasive device that functions concurrently as a wireless stimulator and adhesive scaffold for nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashour Sliow
- School of Science and HealthWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Gaetano Gargiulo
- Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research GroupMARCS InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - David Mahns
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Paul Breen
- Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research GroupMARCS InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Marcus Stoodley
- The Australian School of Advanced MedicineMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | - Jessica Houang
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Rhiannon Kuchel
- Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Giuseppe C. Tettamanzi
- School of Physical Sciences and Institute for Photonics and Advanced SensingUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Samuel J. Frost
- School of Science and HealthWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - John Morley
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Leonardo Longo
- Faculty of Human SciencesUniversity of the Republic of San MarinoContrada Omerelli47890Republic of San Marino
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science and HealthWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research GroupMARCS InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
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Sanandiya ND, Lee S, Rho S, Lee H, Kim IS, Hwang DS. Tunichrome-inspired pyrogallol functionalized chitosan for tissue adhesion and hemostasis. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 208:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Frost SJ, Mawad D, Wuhrer R, Myers S, Lauto A. Semitransparent bandages based on chitosan and extracellular matrix for photochemical tissue bonding. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:7. [PMID: 29357892 PMCID: PMC5778659 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are often used in reconstructive surgery to enhance tissue regeneration and remodeling. Sutures and staples are currently used to fix ECMs to tissue although they can be invasive devices. Other sutureless and less invasive techniques, such as photochemical tissue bonding, cannot be coupled to ECMs because of their intrinsic opacity to light. RESULTS We succeeded in fabricating a biocompatible and adhesive device that is based on ovine forestomach matrix (OFM) and a chitosan adhesive. The natural opacity of the OFM has been overcome by adding the adhesive into the matrix that allows for the light to effectively penetrate through it. The OFM-chitosan device is semitransparent (attenuation length ~ 106 µm) and can be photoactivated by green light to bond to tissue. This device does not require sutures or staples and guarantees a bonding strength of ~ 23 kPa. CONCLUSIONS A new semitransparent and biocompatible bandage has been successfully fabricated and characterized for sutureless tissue bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Frost
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Wuhrer
- Advanced Materials Characterization Facility (AMCF), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Simon Myers
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Mawad D, Mansfield C, Lauto A, Perbellini F, Nelson GW, Tonkin J, Bello SO, Carrad DJ, Micolich AP, Mahat MM, Furman J, Payne D, Lyon AR, Gooding JJ, Harding SE, Terracciano CM, Stevens MM. A conducting polymer with enhanced electronic stability applied in cardiac models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601007. [PMID: 28138526 PMCID: PMC5262463 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrically active constructs can have a beneficial effect on electroresponsive tissues, such as the brain, heart, and nervous system. Conducting polymers (CPs) are being considered as components of these constructs because of their intrinsic electroactive and flexible nature. However, their clinical application has been largely hampered by their short operational time due to a decrease in their electronic properties. We show that, by immobilizing the dopant in the conductive scaffold, we can prevent its electric deterioration. We grew polyaniline (PANI) doped with phytic acid on the surface of a chitosan film. The strong chelation between phytic acid and chitosan led to a conductive patch with retained electroactivity, low surface resistivity (35.85 ± 9.40 kilohms per square), and oxidized form after 2 weeks of incubation in physiological medium. Ex vivo experiments revealed that the conductive nature of the patch has an immediate effect on the electrophysiology of the heart. Preliminary in vivo experiments showed that the conductive patch does not induce proarrhythmogenic activities in the heart. Our findings set the foundation for the design of electronically stable CP-based scaffolds. This provides a robust conductive system that could be used at the interface with electroresponsive tissue to better understand the interaction and effect of these materials on the electrophysiology of these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damia Mawad
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Corresponding author. (D.M.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Catherine Mansfield
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Antonio Lauto
- Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Joanne Tonkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sean O. Bello
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Damon J. Carrad
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Adam P. Micolich
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mohd M. Mahat
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Furman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - David Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alexander R. Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Sian E. Harding
- National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, U.K
| | | | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Corresponding author. (D.M.); (M.M.S.)
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Shaikh S, Shortland P, Lauto A, Barton M, Morley JW, Mahns DA. Sensory perturbations using suture and sutureless repair of transected median nerve in rats. Somatosens Mot Res 2016; 33:20-8. [PMID: 26899181 DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2016.1142438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of changes to cold, mechanical, and heat thresholds following median nerve transection with repair by sutures (Su) or Rose Bengal adhesion (RA) were compared to sham-operated animals. Both nerve-injured groups showed a transient, ipsilateral hyposensitivity to mechanical and heat stimuli followed by a robust and long-lasting hypersensitivity (6-7 weeks) with gradual recovery towards pre-injury levels by 90 days post-repair. Both tactile and thermal hypersensitivity were seen in the contralateral limb that was similar in onset but differed in magnitude and resolved more rapidly compared to the injured limb. Prior to injury, no animals showed any signs of aversion to cold plate temperatures of 4-16 °C. After injury, animals showed cold allodynia, lasting for 7 weeks in RA-repaired rats before recovering towards pre-injury levels, but were still present at 12 weeks in Su-repaired rats. Additionally, sensory recovery in the RA group was faster compared to the Su group in all behavioural tests. Surprisingly, sham-operated rats showed similar bilateral behavioural changes to all sensory stimuli that were comparable in onset and magnitude to the nerve-injured groups but resolved more quickly compared to nerve-injured rats. These results suggest that nerve repair using a sutureless approach produces an accelerated recovery with reduced sensorimotor disturbances compared to direct suturing. They also describe, for the first time, that unilateral forelimb nerve injury produces mirror-image-like sensory perturbations in the contralateral limb, suggesting that the contralateral side is not a true control for sensory testing. The potential mechanisms involved in this altered behaviour are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Shaikh
- a School of Medicine, Western Sydney University , NSW , Australia
| | - Peter Shortland
- b School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University , NSW , Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- b School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University , NSW , Australia
| | - Matthew Barton
- a School of Medicine, Western Sydney University , NSW , Australia
| | - John W Morley
- a School of Medicine, Western Sydney University , NSW , Australia
| | - David A Mahns
- a School of Medicine, Western Sydney University , NSW , Australia
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Barton M, Morley JW, Stoodley MA, Ng KS, Piller SC, Duong H, Mawad D, Mahns DA, Lauto A. Laser-activated adhesive films for sutureless median nerve anastomosis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:938-949. [PMID: 23712961 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel chitosan adhesive film that incorporates the dye 'Rose Bengal' (RB) was used in conjunction with a green laser to repair transected rat median nerves in vivo. Histology and electrophysiological recording assessed the impact of the laser-adhesive technique on nerves. One week post-operatively, the sham-control group (laser-adhesive technique applied on un-transected nerves) conserved the average number and size of myelinated fibres in comparison to its contralateral side and electrophysiological recordings demonstrated no significant difference with un-operated nerves. Twelve weeks after the laser-adhesive anastomoses, nerves were in continuity with regenerated axons that crossed the anastomotic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Barton
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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