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Wang K, Liang Y, Duan M, Che W, He L. Chronic toxicity of broflanilide in Daphnia magna: changes in molting, behavior, and gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54846-54856. [PMID: 36881221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Broflanilide is a novel pesticide used in agriculture that binds to unique receptors on pests; however, the widespread use of broflanilide has led to toxicity in Daphnia magna. At present, little information on the potential threats broflanilide imposes on D. magna is available. Therefore, the present study examined the chronic toxicity of broflanilide in D. magna by comparing changes in molting, neurotransmitter function, and behavior. The results showed that broflanilide caused chronic toxicity in D. magna at a concentration of 8.45 μg/L, and growth, development, reproduction, and the development of offspring were affected. In addition, broflanilide affected the molting of D. magna by significantly inhibiting the expression of chitinase, ecdysteroid, and related genes. Broflanilide also affected the expression of γ-glutamic acid, glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, dopa, and dopamine. Furthermore, the swimming distance and speed of D. magna were reduced. Taken together, the results demonstrate the chronic toxicity and exposure risk of broflanilide in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yaping Liang
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Manman Duan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wunan Che
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu He
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Identification of a Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Patients with Glioma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8615949. [PMID: 36072978 PMCID: PMC9444386 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8615949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is a deadly tumor that accounts for the vast majority of brain tumors. Thus, it is important to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis and potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of glioma. In the present study, gene expression profiles of GSE2223 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Core modules and hub genes related to glioma were identified using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After a series of database screening tests, we identified 11 modules during glioma progression, followed by six hub genes (RAB3A, TYROBP, SYP, CAMK2A, VSIG4, and GABRA1) that can predict the prognosis of glioma and were validated in glioma tissues by qRT-PCR. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the difference of immune cell infiltration between the glioma and control groups. Finally, Identification VSIG4 for immunotherapy response in patients with glioma demonstrating utility for immunotherapy research.
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Xiao QY, Ye TY, Wang XL, Han L, Wang TX, Qi DM, Cheng XR, Wang SQ. A network pharmacology-based study on key pharmacological pathways and targets of Qi Fu Yin acting on Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111336. [PMID: 33785395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. Qi Fu Yin is mainly used to treat dementia, particularly AD, in the clinic, but its comprehensive mechanisms are not known. OBJECTIVE In this research, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of Qi Fu Yin in AD by network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS First, the chemical constituents in Qi Fu Yin were obtained from five databases and classified according to their structure. Targets of chemical constituents and AD-related targets were also collected from the databases. Then, overlapping genes between Qi Fu Yin and AD were identified by intersection analysis. MetaCore was used to gather enrichment information. Combination synergy analysis was performed by Cytoscape. After ligand-receptor docking, the binding affinity was verified by ADP-Glo™ kinase assay and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. RESULTS We found 12 classes with 977 components in Qi Fu Yin. A total of 511 compounds and 577 potential target proteins in Qi Fu Yin were found to be related to AD. The pathways of Qi Fu Yin in AD included oxidative stress and immune response. There was the best binding affinity between 11 pairs of genes and compounds. Furthermore, CDK5 was inhibited by nepetin with an IC50 of 3.172 μM and kaempferol with an IC50 of 2.659 μM. Ceanothic acid and 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited GSK3β, and the IC50 values were 8.732 μM and 8.06 μM, respectively. CONCLUSION Qi Fu Yin might alleviate Tau hyperphosphorylation by nepetin, kaempferol, ceanothic acid and 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Ye
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lu Han
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | | | - Dong-Mei Qi
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Cheng
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Sun G, Qi X, Wang W, Li X, Luo C, Bai S, Xu S, Zhong X, Huang C, Zhu X, Huang Z. High Mobility Group Box 1/Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Increases GABRB3 Expression in Alcohol Exposure. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1725-1732. [PMID: 34103917 PMCID: PMC8179828 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s306242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatal neurotransmitter homeostasis is affected by alcohol dependence. In this study, the microarray dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded. The prefrontal and striatum data were cross-analyzed to reveal the co-effects of alcohol dependence on the two brain regions of mice. METHODS The GSE123114 microarray profile was downloaded from the GEO database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were acquired by GEO2R. KEGG analyses were performed to identify the pivotal pathways of these DEGs. Key differential gene expressions and their mechanism associated with alcohol exposure were investigated by an intraperitoneal alcohol model. RESULTS A total of 13 overlapping DEGs from the PFC and striatal datasets of the GSE123114 microarray profile were identified, and they were significantly enriched in the morphine addiction pathway. The transcript levels and protein expression of Gabrb3 were consistent with the microarray data both in the PFC and striatum. The transcript levels of HMGB1, TLR4, TNFα and IL-1β were upregulated in the PFC and striatum of mice in the alcohol group. The HMGB1 inhibitor decreased Gabrb3 transcript and protein levels as well as TNFα and IL-1β transcript levels both in the PFC and striatum in the intraperitoneal alcohol model mice. DISCUSSION Through the reanalysis of GSE123114 microarray profile, we found that Gabrb3 is a key gene associated with alcohol exposure. In further experiments, our findings suggest that alcohol exposure modulates Gabrb3 expression through the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway. Moreover, inflammation-associated factors, such as IL-1β and TNFα, may be related to the HMGB1/TLR4-mediated regulation of GABRB3 expression in alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunzhong Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunjie Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
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Nicholson MW, Sweeney A, Pekle E, Alam S, Ali AB, Duchen M, Jovanovic JN. Diazepam-induced loss of inhibitory synapses mediated by PLCδ/ Ca 2+/calcineurin signalling downstream of GABAA receptors. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1851-1867. [PMID: 29904150 PMCID: PMC6232101 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines facilitate the inhibitory actions of GABA by binding to γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), GABA-gated chloride/bicarbonate channels, which are the key mediators of transmission at inhibitory synapses in the brain. This activity underpins potent anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of benzodiazepines in patients. However, extended benzodiazepine treatments lead to development of tolerance, a process which, despite its important therapeutic implications, remains poorly characterised. Here we report that prolonged exposure to diazepam, the most widely used benzodiazepine in clinic, leads to a gradual disruption of neuronal inhibitory GABAergic synapses. The loss of synapses and the preceding, time- and dose-dependent decrease in surface levels of GABAARs, mediated by dynamin-dependent internalisation, were blocked by Ro 15-1788, a competitive benzodiazepine antagonist, and bicuculline, a competitive GABA antagonist, indicating that prolonged enhancement of GABAAR activity by diazepam is integral to the underlying molecular mechanism. Characterisation of this mechanism has revealed a metabotropic-type signalling downstream of GABAARs, involving mobilisation of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores and activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which, in turn, dephosphorylates GABAARs and promotes their endocytosis, leading to disassembly of inhibitory synapses. Furthermore, functional coupling between GABAARs and Ca2+ stores was sensitive to phospholipase C (PLC) inhibition by U73122, and regulated by PLCδ, a PLC isoform found in direct association with GABAARs. Thus, a PLCδ/Ca2+/calcineurin signalling cascade converts the initial enhancement of GABAARs by benzodiazepines to a long-term downregulation of GABAergic synapses, this potentially underpinning the development of pharmacological and behavioural tolerance to these widely prescribed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Sweeney
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Eva Pekle
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sabina Alam
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Afia B Ali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Michael Duchen
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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Durisic N, Keramidas A, Dixon CL, Lynch JW. SAHA (Vorinostat) Corrects Inhibitory Synaptic Deficits Caused by Missense Epilepsy Mutations to the GABA A Receptor γ2 Subunit. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:89. [PMID: 29628874 PMCID: PMC5876238 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) α1 subunit A295D epilepsy mutation reduces the surface expression of α1A295Dβ2γ2 GABAARs via ER-associated protein degradation. Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA, also known as Vorinostat) was recently shown to correct the misfolding of α1A295D subunits and thereby enhance the functional surface expression of α1A295Dβ2γ2 GABAARs. Here we investigated whether SAHA can also restore the surface expression of γ2 GABAAR subunits that incorporate epilepsy mutations (N40S, R43Q, P44S, R138G) known to reduce surface expression via ER-associated protein degradation. As a control, we also investigated the γ2K289M epilepsy mutation that impairs gating without reducing surface expression. Effects of mutations were evaluated on inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) mediated by the major synaptic α1β2γ2 GABAAR isoform. Recordings were performed in neuron-HEK293 cell artificial synapses to minimise contamination by GABAARs of undefined subunit composition. Transfection with α1β2γ2N40S, α1β2γ2R43Q, α1β2γ2P44S and α1β2γ2R138G subunits produced IPSCs with decay times slower than those of unmutated α1β2γ2 GABAARs due to the low expression of mutant γ2 subunits and the correspondingly high expression of slow-decaying α1β2 GABAARs. SAHA pre-treatment significantly accelerated the decay time constants of IPSCs consistent with the upregulation of mutant γ2 subunit expression. This increase in surface expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. SAHA had no effect on either the IPSC kinetics or surface expression levels of α1β2γ2K289M GABAARs, confirming its specificity for ER-retained mutant γ2 subunits. We also found that α1β2γ2K289M GABAARs and SAHA-treated α1β2γ2R43Q, α1β2γ2P44S and α1β2γ2R138G GABAARs all mediated IPSCs that decayed at significantly faster rates than wild type receptors as temperature was increased from 22 to 40°C. This may help explain why these mutations cause febrile seizures (FS). Given that SAHA is approved by therapeutic regulatory agencies for human use, we propose that it may be worth investigating as a treatment for epilepsies caused by the N40S, R43Q, P44S and R138G mutations. Although SAHA has already been proposed as a therapeutic for patients harbouring the α1A295D epilepsy mutation, the present study extends its potential utility to a new subunit and four new mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Durisic
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angelo Keramidas
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christine L Dixon
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph W Lynch
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Lorenz-Guertin JM, Jacob TC. GABA type a receptor trafficking and the architecture of synaptic inhibition. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:238-270. [PMID: 28901728 PMCID: PMC6589839 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitous expression of GABA type A receptors (GABAA R) in the central nervous system establishes their central role in coordinating most aspects of neural function and development. Dysregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission manifests in a number of human health disorders and conditions that in certain cases can be alleviated by drugs targeting these receptors. Precise changes in the quantity or activity of GABAA Rs localized at the cell surface and at GABAergic postsynaptic sites directly impact the strength of inhibition. The molecular mechanisms constituting receptor trafficking to and from these compartments therefore dictate the efficacy of GABAA R function. Here we review the current understanding of how GABAA Rs traffic through biogenesis, plasma membrane transport, and degradation. Emphasis is placed on discussing novel GABAergic synaptic proteins, receptor and scaffolding post-translational modifications, activity-dependent changes in GABAA R confinement, and neuropeptide and neurosteroid mediated changes. We further highlight modern techniques currently advancing the knowledge of GABAA R trafficking and clinically relevant neurodevelopmental diseases connected to GABAergic dysfunction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 238-270, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lorenz-Guertin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
| | - Tija C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
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Brown LE, Nicholson MW, Arama JE, Mercer A, Thomson AM, Jovanovic JN. γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptor Subunits Play a Direct Structural Role in Synaptic Contact Formation via Their N-terminal Extracellular Domains. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13926-13942. [PMID: 27129275 PMCID: PMC4933154 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of cell-cell contacts between presynaptic GABAergic neurons and their postsynaptic targets initiates the process of GABAergic synapse formation. GABAA receptors (GABAARs), the main postsynaptic receptors for GABA, have been recently demonstrated to act as synaptogenic proteins that can single-handedly induce the formation and functional maturation of inhibitory synapses. To establish how the subunit composition of GABAARs influences their ability to induce synaptogenesis, a co-culture model system incorporating GABAergic medium spiny neurons and the HEK293 cells, stably expressing different combinations of receptor subunits, was developed. Analyses of HEK293 cell innervation by medium spiny neuron axons using immunocytochemistry, activity-dependent labeling, and electrophysiology have indicated that the γ2 subunit is required for the formation of active synapses and that its effects are influenced by the type of α/β subunits incorporated into the functional receptor. To further characterize this process, the large N-terminal extracellular domains (ECDs) of α1, α2, β2, and γ2 subunits were purified using the baculovirus/Sf9 cell system. When these proteins were applied to the co-cultures of MSNs and α1/β2/γ2-expressing HEK293 cells, the α1, β2, or γ2 ECD each caused a significant reduction in contact formation, in contrast to the α2 ECD, which had no effect. Together, our experiments indicate that the structural role of GABAARs in synaptic contact formation is determined by their subunit composition, with the N-terminal ECDs of each of the subunits directly participating in interactions between the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements, suggesting the these interactions are multivalent and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Brown
- Research Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin W Nicholson
- Research Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica E Arama
- Research Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Mercer
- Research Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Alex M Thomson
- Research Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmina N Jovanovic
- Research Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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Dixon CL, Zhang Y, Lynch JW. Generation of Functional Inhibitory Synapses Incorporating Defined Combinations of GABA(A) or Glycine Receptor Subunits. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:80. [PMID: 26778954 PMCID: PMC4688394 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain is mediated by wide range of GABAA receptor (GABAAR) and glycine receptor (GlyR) isoforms, each with different physiological and pharmacological properties. Because multiple isoforms are expressed simultaneously in most neurons, it is difficult to define the properties of individual isoforms under synaptic stimulation conditions in vivo. Although recombinant expression systems permit the expression of individual isoforms in isolation, they require exogenous agonist application which cannot mimic the dynamic neurotransmitter profile characteristic of native synapses. We describe a neuron-HEK293 cell co-culture technique for generating inhibitory synapses incorporating defined combinations of GABAAR or GlyR subunits. Primary neuronal cultures, prepared from embryonic rat cerebral cortex or spinal cord, are used to provide presynaptic GABAergic and glycinergic terminals, respectively. When the cultures are mature, HEK293 cells expressing the subunits of interest plus neuroligin 2A are plated onto the neurons, which rapidly form synapses onto HEK293 cells. Patch clamp electrophysiology is then used to analyze the physiological and pharmacological properties of the inhibitory postsynaptic currents mediated by the recombinant receptors. The method is suitable for investigating the kinetic properties or the effects of drugs on inhibitory postsynaptic currents mediated by defined GABAAR or GlyR isoforms of interest, the effects of hereditary disease mutations on the formation and function of both types of synapses, and synaptogenesis and synaptic clustering mechanisms. The entire cell preparation procedure takes 2-5 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Dixon
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yan Zhang
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph W Lynch
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
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