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Takemura Mariano MV, Paganotto Leandro L, Gomes KK, Dos Santos AB, de Rosso VO, Dafre AL, Farina M, Posser T, Franco JL. Assessing the disparity: comparative toxicity of Copper in zebrafish larvae exposes alarming consequences of permissible concentrations in Brazil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:166-184. [PMID: 38073470 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2290630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a naturally occurring metal with essential micronutrient properties. However, this metal might also pose increased adverse environmental and health risks due to industrial and agricultural activities. In Brazil, the maximum allowable concentration of Cu in drinking water is 2 mg/L. Despite this standard, the impact of such concentrations on aquatic organisms remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of CuSO4 using larval zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at 72 hr post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to nominal CuSO4 concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 48 mg/L to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50), established at 8.4 mg/L. Subsequently, non-lethal concentrations of 0.16, 0.32, or 1.6 mg/L were selected for assessing CuSO4 -induced toxicity. Morphological parameters, including body length, yolk sac area, and swim bladder area, were adversely affected by CuSO4 exposure, particularly at 1.6 mg/L (3.31 mm ±0.1, 0.192 mm2 ±0.01, and 0.01 mm2 ±0.05, respectively). In contrast, the control group exhibited values of 3.62 mm ±0.09, 0.136 mm2 ±0.013, and 0.3 mm2 ±0.06, respectively. Behavioral assays demonstrated impairments in escape response and swimming capacity, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. In addition, decreased levels of non-protein thiols and reduced cellular viability were noted. Data demonstrated that exposure to CuSO4 at similar concentrations as those permitted in Brazil for Cu adversely altered morphological, biochemical, and behavioral endpoints in zebrafish larvae. This study suggests that the permissible Cu concentrations in Brazil need to be reevaluated, given the potential enhanced adverse health risks of exposure to environmental metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vitória Takemura Mariano
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Luana Paganotto Leandro
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Karen Kich Gomes
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Dos Santos
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Vitor Oliveira de Rosso
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thaís Posser
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
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Simonian R, Pannia E, Hammoud R, Noche RR, Cui X, Kranenburg E, Kubant R, Ashcraft P, Wasek B, Bottiglieri T, Dowling JJ, Anderson GH. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency and high-dose FA supplementation disrupt embryonic development of energy balance and metabolic homeostasis in zebrafish. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1575-1588. [PMID: 36637428 PMCID: PMC10117162 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (synthetic folate, FA) is consumed in excess in North America and may interact with common pathogenic variants in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR); the most prevalent inborn error of folate metabolism with wide-ranging obesity-related comorbidities. While preclinical murine models have been valuable to inform on diet-gene interactions, a recent Folate Expert panel has encouraged validation of new animal models. In this study, we characterized a novel zebrafish model of mthfr deficiency and evaluated the effects of genetic loss of mthfr function and FA supplementation during embryonic development on energy homeostasis and metabolism. mthfr-deficient zebrafish were generated using CRISPR mutagenesis and supplemented with no FA (control, 0FA) or 100 μm FA (100FA) throughout embryonic development (0-5 days postfertilization). We show that the genetic loss of mthfr function in zebrafish recapitulates key biochemical hallmarks reported in MTHFR deficiency in humans and leads to greater lipid accumulation and aberrant cholesterol metabolism as reported in the Mthfr murine model. In mthfr-deficient zebrafish, energy homeostasis was also impaired as indicated by altered food intake, reduced metabolic rate and lower expression of central energy-regulatory genes. Microglia abundance, involved in healthy neuronal development, was also reduced. FA supplementation to control zebrafish mimicked many of the adverse effects of mthfr deficiency, some of which were also exacerbated in mthfr-deficient zebrafish. Together, these findings support the translatability of the mthfr-deficient zebrafish as a preclinical model in folate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Simonian
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Emanuela Pannia
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rola Hammoud
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ramil R Noche
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale Zebrafish Research Core, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Xiucheng Cui
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Eva Kranenburg
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ruslan Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paula Ashcraft
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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3
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Gong S, McLamb F, Shea D, Vu JP, Vasquez MF, Feng Z, Bozinovic K, Hirata KK, Gersberg RM, Bozinovic G. Toxicity assessment of hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid on morphology, heart physiology, and gene expression during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32320-32336. [PMID: 36462083 PMCID: PMC10017623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) is one of the emerging replacements for the "forever" carcinogenic and toxic long-chain PFAS. HFPO-DA is a polymerization aid used for manufacturing fluoropolymers, whose global distribution and undetermined toxic properties are a concern regarding human and ecological health. To assess embryotoxic potential, zebrafish embryos were exposed to HFPO-DA at concentrations of 0.5-20,000 mg/L at 24-, 48-, and 72-h post-fertilization (hpf). Heart rate increased significantly in embryos exposed to 2 mg/L and 10 mg/L HFPO-DA across all time points. Spinal deformities and edema phenotypes were evident among embryos exposed to 1000-16,000 mg/L HFPO-DA at 72 hpf. A median lethal concentration (LC50) was derived as 7651 mg/L at 72 hpf. Shallow RNA sequencing analysis of 9465 transcripts identified 38 consistently differentially expressed genes at 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 10 mg/L HFPO-DA exposures. Notably, seven downregulated genes were associated with visual response, and seven upregulated genes were expressed in or regulated the cardiovascular system. This study identifies biological targets and molecular pathways affected during animal development by an emerging, potentially problematic, and ubiquitous industrial chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Gong
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Flannery McLamb
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
| | | | - Jeanne P Vu
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miguel F Vasquez
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
| | - Zuying Feng
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kesten Bozinovic
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ken K Hirata
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
| | | | - Goran Bozinovic
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA.
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Szudrowicz H, Kamaszewski M, Adamski A, Skrobisz M, Frankowska-Łukawska J, Wójcik M, Bochenek J, Kawalski K, Martynow J, Bujarski P, Pruchniak P, Latoszek E, Bury-Burzymski P, Szczepański A, Jaworski S, Matuszewski A, Herman AP. The Effects of Seven-Day Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles on Fertility and Homeostasis of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911239. [PMID: 36232541 PMCID: PMC9569820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are found in open waters, but the effect of their low concentrations on an organism’s homeostasis is not fully understood. The aim of the study was to determine the short-term exposure effects of AgNPs coated by PvP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) on the homeostasis of livers and gonads in zebrafish. Sexually mature zebrafish were exposed for seven days to silver ions (0.01 mg/dm3) or AgNPs (0.01; 0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0 mg/dm3). On the last day, the liver, testes, and ovaries were subjected to a histology analysis. In the liver, we analyzed the expression of the cat, gpx1a, gsr, sod1, and cyp1a genes. On the last day of the experiment, the lowest survival rate was found in the AgNPs 0.05 mg/dm3 group. The histological analysis showed that AgNPs and silver ions cause an increase in the area of hepatocytes. The highest proliferation index of hepatocytes was found in the AgNP 0.05 mg/dm3 group. Furthermore, AgNPs were found to interfere with spermatogenesis and oogonesis as well as reduce the expression levels of the cat, gpx1a, and sod1 genes in the liver compared with the control group. Based on the results, it can be concluded that exposure to AgNPs causes cytotoxic changes in zebrafish, activates the immune system, negatively affects the process of meiosis in the gonads, and generates oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Szudrowicz
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kamaszewski
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225-936-645
| | - Antoni Adamski
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Skrobisz
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Wójcik
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Joanna Bochenek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Kacper Kawalski
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Martynow
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Bujarski
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pola Pruchniak
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Latoszek
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Księcia Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Bury-Burzymski
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Szczepański
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Matuszewski
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przemysław Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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5
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Ghaddar B, Gence L, Veeren B, Bringart M, Bascands JL, Meilhac O, Diotel N. Aqueous Extract of Psiloxylon mauritianum, Rich in Gallic Acid, Prevents Obesity and Associated Deleterious Effects in Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071309. [PMID: 35883799 PMCID: PMC9312056 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and its prevalence tripled worldwide between 1975 and 2016, especially in Reunion Island, a French overseas region. Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island registered in the French pharmacopeia, has recently gained interest in combating metabolic disorders because of its traditional lipid-lowering and “anti-diabetic” use. However, scientific data are lacking regarding its toxicity and its real benefits on metabolic diseases. In this study, we aim to determine the toxicity of an aqueous extract of P. mauritianum on zebrafish eleutheroembryos following the OECD toxicity assay (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, guidelines 36). After defining a non-toxic dose, we determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) that this extract is rich in gallic acid but contains also caffeoylquinic acid, kaempferol and quercetin, as well as their respective derivatives. We also showed that the non-toxic dose exhibits lipid-lowering effects in a high-fat-diet zebrafish larvae model. In a next step, we demonstrated its preventive effects on body weight gain, hyperglycemia and liver steatosis in a diet-induced obesity model (DIO) performed in adults. It also limited the deleterious effects of overfeeding on the central nervous system (i.e., cerebral oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier breakdown, neuro-inflammation and blunted neurogenesis). Interestingly, adult DIO fish treated with P. mauritianum display normal feeding behavior but higher feces production. This indicates that the “anti-weight-gain” effect is probably due to the action of P. mauritianum on the intestinal lipid absorption and/or on the microbiota, leading to the increase in feces production. Therefore, in our experimental conditions, the aqueous extract of P. mauritianum exhibited “anti-weight-gain” properties, which prevented the development of obesity and its deleterious effects at the peripheral and central levels. These effects should be further investigated in preclinical models of obese/diabetic mice, as well as the impact of P. mauritianum on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Ghaddar
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Laura Gence
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Bryan Veeren
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Matthieu Bringart
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
- CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Chackal R, Eng T, Rodrigues EM, Matthews S, Pagé-Lariviére F, Avery-Gomm S, Xu EG, Tufenkji N, Hemmer E, Mennigen JA. Metabolic Consequences of Developmental Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics, the Flame Retardant BDE-47 and Their Combination in Zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:822111. [PMID: 35250570 PMCID: PMC8888882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.822111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-use plastic production is higher now than ever before. Much of this plastic is released into aquatic environments, where it is eventually weathered into smaller nanoscale plastics. In addition to potential direct biological effects, nanoplastics may also modulate the biological effects of hydrophobic persistent organic legacy contaminants (POPs) that absorb to their surfaces. In this study, we test the hypothesis that developmental exposure (0–7 dpf) of zebrafish to the emerging contaminant polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics (⌀100 nm; 2.5 or 25 ppb), or to environmental levels of the legacy contaminant and flame retardant 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47; 10 ppt), disrupt organismal energy metabolism. We also test the hypothesis that co-exposure leads to increased metabolic disruption. The uptake of nanoplastics in developing zebrafish was validated using fluorescence microscopy. To address metabolic consequences at the organismal and molecular level, metabolic phenotyping assays and metabolic gene expression analysis were used. Both PS and BDE-47 affected organismal metabolism alone and in combination. Individually, PS and BDE-47 exposure increased feeding and oxygen consumption rates. PS exposure also elicited complex effects on locomotor behaviour with increased long-distance and decreased short-distance movements. Co-exposure of PS and BDE-47 significantly increased feeding and oxygen consumption rates compared to control and individual compounds alone, suggesting additive or synergistic effects on energy balance, which was further supported by reduced neutral lipid reserves. Conversely, molecular gene expression data pointed to a negative interaction, as co-exposure of high PS generally abolished the induction of gene expression in response to BDE-47. Our results demonstrate that co-exposure to emerging nanoplastic contaminants and legacy contaminants results in cumulative metabolic disruption in early development in a fish model relevant to eco- and human toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chackal
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Eng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emille M Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Matthews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Pagé-Lariviére
- National Wildlife Research Center, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Avery-Gomm
- National Wildlife Research Center, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eva Hemmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jan A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Trevisan R, Uzochukwu D, Di Giulio RT. PAH SORPTION TO NANOPLASTICS AND THE TROJAN HORSE EFFECT AS DRIVERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY AND PAH LOCALIZATION IN ZEBRAFISH. FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2020; 8:78. [PMID: 34322495 PMCID: PMC8315355 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are world-wide pollutants that pose a potential threat to wildlife and human health. Small plastic particles, such as microplastics and nanoplastics, are easily ingested, and can act as a Trojan Horse by carrying microorganisms and pollutants. This study investigated the potential role of the Trojan Horse effect in the toxicity of nanoplastics to the vertebrate model organism, zebrafish (Danio rerio). First, we investigated if this effect could affect the toxicity of nanoplastics. Second, we analyzed if it could contribute to the biodistribution of the associated contaminants. And third, we focused on its effect on the mitochondrial toxicity of nanoplastics. We incubated 44 nm polystyrene nanoparticles with a real-world mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 7 days and removed the free PAHs by ultrafiltration. We dosed embryos with 1 ppm of nanoplastics (NanoPS) or PAH-sorbed nanoplastics (PAH-NanoPS). Neither type of plastic particle caused changes in embryonic and larval development. Fluorescence microscopy and increased EROD activity suggested the uptake of PAHs in larvae exposed to PAH-NanoPS. This coincided with higher concentrations in the yolk sac and the brain. However, PAH-only exposure leads to their accumulation in the yolk sac but not in the brain, suggesting that that the spatial distribution of bioaccumulated PAHs can differ depending on their source of exposure. Both nanoplastic particles affected mitochondrial energy metabolism but caused different adverse effects. While NanoPS decreased NADH production, PAH-NanoPS decreased mitochondrial coupling efficiency and spare respiratory capacity. In summary, the addition of PAHs to the surface of nanoplastics did not translate into increased developmental toxicity. Low levels of PAHs were accumulated in the organisms, and the transfer of PAHs seems to happen in tissues and possibly organelles where nanoplastics accumulate. Disruption of the energy metabolism in the mitochondria may be a key factor in the toxicity of nanoplastics, and the Trojan Horse effect may amplify this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Trevisan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Uzochukwu
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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8
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Tu W, Martínez R, Navarro-Martin L, Kostyniuk DJ, Hum C, Huang J, Deng M, Jin Y, Chan HM, Mennigen JA. Bioconcentration and Metabolic Effects of Emerging PFOS Alternatives in Developing Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13427-13439. [PMID: 31609598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The novel PFOS alternatives, 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) and sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS), are emerging in the Chinese market, but little is known about their ecological risks. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to PFOS, F-53B, and OBS to evaluate their bioconcentration and acute metabolic consequences. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) accumulated in larvae in the order of F-53B > PFOS > OBS, with the bioconcentration factors ranging from 20 to 357. Exposure to F-53B and PFOS, but not OBS, increased energy expenditure, and reduced feed intake in a concentration-dependent manner and the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways at the transcriptional and translational levels. Molecular docking revealed that the binding affinities of PFASs to glucokinase were decreased in the following order: F-53B > PFOS > OBS. Finally, the results of Point of Departure (PoD) indicate that metabolic end points at the molecular and organismal level are most sensitive to F-53B followed by PFOS and OBS. Collectively, F-53B has the highest bioconcentration potential and the strongest metabolism-disrupting effects, followed by PFOS and OBS. Our findings have important implications for the assessment of early developmental metabolic effects of PFOS alternatives F-53B and OBS in wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330012 , China
| | - Rubén Martínez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry , Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC , Jordi Girona, Barcelona 18-26 08034 , Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 585 08007 , Spain
| | - Laia Navarro-Martin
- Department of Environmental Chemistry , Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC , Jordi Girona, Barcelona 18-26 08034 , Spain
| | - Daniel J Kostyniuk
- Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Christine Hum
- Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Jing Huang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330012 , China
| | - Mi Deng
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330012 , China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , 310032 , China
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
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9
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Trevisan R, Voy C, Chen S, Di Giulio RT. Nanoplastics Decrease the Toxicity of a Complex PAH Mixture but Impair Mitochondrial Energy Production in Developing Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8405-8415. [PMID: 31259535 PMCID: PMC6660138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are recognized as a worldwide threat to the environment, possibly affecting human health and wildlife. Small forms of plastics such as micro- and nanoplastics can interact with other organic contaminants, potentially acting as chemical carriers and modulating their toxicity. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (Nano-PS) and a real-world environmental PAH mixture (Elizabeth River Sediment Extract, ERSE, comprised of 36 detected PAHs) to zebrafish embryos and larvae. Embryos were exposed to Nano-PS (0.1-10 ppm) or ERSE (0.1-5% v/v, equivalent to ΣPAH 5.07-25.36 ppb) or coexposed to a combination of both. Larvae exposed to Nano-PS did not exhibit developmental defects, while larvae exposed to ERSE (2-5%) showed classic signs of PAH toxicity such as heart malformation and deformities in the jaw, fin, and tail. ERSE (5%) also impaired vascular development in the brain. When coexposed, Nano-PS decreased the developmental deformities and impaired vascular development caused by ERSE. This was strongly correlated to the lower PAH bioaccumulation detected in the coexposed animals (whole larvae, as well as the yolk sac, brain, and heart). Our data suggest that PAHs are sorbing to the surface of the Nano-PS, decreasing the concentration, uptake, and toxicity of free PAHs during the exposure. Such sorption of PAHs increases the agglomeration rate of Nano-PS during the exposure time, potentially decreasing the uptake of Nano-PS and associated PAHs. Despite that, similar induction of EROD activity was detected in animals exposed to ERSE in the presence or not of Nano-PS, suggesting that enough PAHs were accumulated in the organisms to induce cellular defense mechanisms. Nano-PS exposure (single or combined with ERSE) decreased the mitochondrial coupling efficiency and increased NADH production, suggesting an impairment on ATP production accompanied by a compensatory mechanism. Our data indicate that nanoplastics can sorb contaminants and potentially decrease their uptake due to particle agglomeration. Nanoplastics also target and disrupt mitochondrial energy production and act as vectors for the mitochondrial uptake of sorbed contaminants during embryonic and larval stages. Such negative effects of nanoplastics on energy metabolism and efficiency could be detrimental under multiple-stressors exposures and energy-demanding scenarios, which remains to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Trevisan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - Ciara Voy
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shuxin Chen
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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10
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Reid RM, D'Aquila AL, Biga PR. The validation of a sensitive, non-toxic in vivo metabolic assay applicable across zebrafish life stages. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 208:29-37. [PMID: 29162498 PMCID: PMC5936655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Energy expenditure and metabolism, is a well-studied field as it is linked to many diseases as dysregulation of metabolism is associated with cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. Classical methods of studying metabolism in vivo are well established, but most are tedious and expensive, thus, finding methods of accurately measuring metabolism in living organisms that is quick and non-invasive is of strong interest. In this work, we validate the use of resazurin; a compound that is conformationally changed into fluorescent resorufin upon metabolic reduction by NADH2, as a metabolic assay for adult zebrafish. This assay is based on the principle that increases in resorufin fluorescence intensity (FI) conveys relative changes in metabolic output of the organisms. We demonstrate the effectiveness of resazurin in measuring metabolic changes in zebrafish larvae and adults in relation to number of pooled fish, as well as temperature alteration. Moreover, we provide details on the appropriate and optimized diluents and concentrations of resazurin. Further, by using a novel sample collection technique, we can increase the temporal possibilities that were previously limited, as well as show that samples can be stored and measured at a later time point with no decrease in accuracy. Thus, the validation of this assay in adult zebrafish may increase the versatility and complexity of the types of experiments that can be performed and have many practical applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Reid
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrea L D'Aquila
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peggy R Biga
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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