1
|
She HQ, Sun YF, Chen L, Xiao QX, Luo BY, Zhou HS, Zhou D, Chang QY, Xiong LL. Current analysis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy research issues and future treatment modalities. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1136500. [PMID: 37360183 PMCID: PMC10288156 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1136500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of long-term neurological disability in neonates and adults. Through bibliometric analysis, we analyzed the current research on HIE in various countries, institutions, and authors. At the same time, we extensively summarized the animal HIE models and modeling methods. There are various opinions on the neuroprotective treatment of HIE, and the main therapy in clinical is therapeutic hypothermia, although its efficacy remains to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we discussed the progress of neural circuits, injured brain tissue, and neural circuits-related technologies, providing new ideas for the treatment and prognosis management of HIE with the combination of neuroendocrine and neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing She
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Translational Neurology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- WANG TINGHUA Translation Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi-Fei Sun
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Xiao
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Yan Luo
- WANG TINGHUA Translation Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong-Su Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Translational Neurology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- WANG TINGHUA Translation Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Quan-Yuan Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Translational Neurology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- WANG TINGHUA Translation Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan RW, Lee RP, Wu SY, Tse EL, Xue Y, Moeller S, Chan KC. NOise Reduction with DIstribution Corrected (NORDIC) PCA improves signal-to-noise in rodent resting-state and optogenetic functional MRI. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:1847-1850. [PMID: 36086476 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
NOise Reduction with DIstribution Corrected (NORDIC) principal component analysis (PCA) has been shown to selectively suppress thermal noise and improve temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) in human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, the feasibility to improve rodent fMRI using NORDIC PCA has not been explored. In this study, we developed a rodent fMRI preprocessing pipeline by incorporating NORDIC and evaluated its performance in a range of rodent fMRI applications from resting-state fMRI to task-evoked fMRI using optogenetics. In resting-state fMRI, we demonstrated a significant increase in tSNR by more than 3 times after NORDIC correction with reduced variance and improved task-free relative cerebrovascular reactivity (rCVR) across cortical depth. In optogenetic fMRI, apart from tSNR increase, more activated voxels and a significant decrease in the variance of activated brain signals were observed after NORDIC correction without apparent change in brain morphology. Taken together, our results signified the values of NORDIC correction for better detection of brain activities in rodent fMRI. Clinical Relevance: NORDIC PCA increases temporal signalto- noise ratio in rodent resting-state and task-evoked functional MRI, which can play an important role in improving the image quality for translational medicine and preclinical research, and for guiding future clinical neuroimaging.
Collapse
|
3
|
Alberto GE, Stapleton-Kotloski JR, Klorig DC, Rogers ER, Constantinidis C, Daunais JB, Godwin DW. MEG source imaging detects optogenetically-induced activity in cortical and subcortical networks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5259. [PMID: 34489452 PMCID: PMC8421372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography measures neuromagnetic activity with high temporal, and theoretically, high spatial resolution. We developed an experimental platform combining MEG-compatible optogenetic techniques in nonhuman primates for use as a functional brain-mapping platform. Here we show localization of optogenetically evoked signals to known sources in the superficial arcuate sulcus of cortex and in CA3 of hippocampus at a resolution of 750 µm3. We detect activation in subcortical, thalamic, and extended temporal structures, conforming to known anatomical and functional brain networks associated with the respective sites of stimulation. This demonstrates that high-resolution localization of experimentally produced deep sources is possible within an intact brain. This approach is suitable for exploring causal relationships between discrete brain regions through precise optogenetic control and simultaneous whole brain MEG recording with high-resolution magnetic source imaging (MSI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E. Alberto
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Jennifer R. Stapleton-Kotloski
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Winston-Salem, NC USA ,grid.509341.aResearch and Education Department, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC USA
| | - David C. Klorig
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Emily R. Rogers
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - James B. Daunais
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Dwayne W. Godwin
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, NC USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Winston-Salem, NC USA ,grid.509341.aResearch and Education Department, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC USA ,grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simpson S, Chen Y, Wellmeyer E, Smith LC, Aragon Montes B, George O, Kimbrough A. The Hidden Brain: Uncovering Previously Overlooked Brain Regions by Employing Novel Preclinical Unbiased Network Approaches. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:595507. [PMID: 33967705 PMCID: PMC8097000 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.595507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large focus of modern neuroscience has revolved around preselected brain regions of interest based on prior studies. While there are reasons to focus on brain regions implicated in prior work, the result has been a biased assessment of brain function. Thus, many brain regions that may prove crucial in a wide range of neurobiological problems, including neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, have been neglected. Advances in neuroimaging and computational neuroscience have made it possible to make unbiased assessments of whole-brain function and identify previously overlooked regions of the brain. This review will discuss the tools that have been developed to advance neuroscience and network-based computational approaches used to further analyze the interconnectivity of the brain. Furthermore, it will survey examples of neural network approaches that assess connectivity in clinical (i.e., human) and preclinical (i.e., animal model) studies and discuss how preclinical studies of neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders can greatly benefit from the unbiased nature of whole-brain imaging and network neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Emma Wellmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lauren C Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Brianna Aragon Montes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kılıç K, Desjardins M, Tang J, Thunemann M, Sunil S, Erdener ŞE, Postnov DD, Boas DA, Devor A. Chronic Cranial Windows for Long Term Multimodal Neurovascular Imaging in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 11:612678. [PMID: 33551837 PMCID: PMC7862556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.612678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cranial windows allow for longitudinal brain imaging experiments in awake, behaving mice. Different imaging technologies have their unique advantages and combining multiple imaging modalities offers measurements of a wide spectrum of neuronal, glial, vascular, and metabolic parameters needed for comprehensive investigation of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we detail a suite of surgical techniques for installation of different cranial windows targeted for specific imaging technologies and their combination. Following these techniques and practices will yield higher experimental success and reproducibility of results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jianbo Tang
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUSTech, Shenzhen, China
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Smrithi Sunil
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Şefik Evren Erdener
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dmitry D Postnov
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David A Boas
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Devor
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mandino F, Cerri DH, Garin CM, Straathof M, van Tilborg GAF, Chakravarty MM, Dhenain M, Dijkhuizen RM, Gozzi A, Hess A, Keilholz SD, Lerch JP, Shih YYI, Grandjean J. Animal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Trends and Path Toward Standardization. Front Neuroinform 2020; 13:78. [PMID: 32038217 PMCID: PMC6987455 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a non-invasive window into brain activity. A collection of associated methods aims to replicate observations made in humans and to identify the mechanisms underlying the distributed neuronal activity in the healthy and disordered brain. Animal fMRI studies have developed rapidly over the past years, fueled by the development of resting-state fMRI connectivity and genetically encoded neuromodulatory tools. Yet, comparisons between sites remain hampered by lack of standardization. Recently, we highlighted that mouse resting-state functional connectivity converges across centers, although large discrepancies in sensitivity and specificity remained. Here, we explore past and present trends within the animal fMRI community and highlight critical aspects in study design, data acquisition, and post-processing operations, that may affect the results and influence the comparability between studies. We also suggest practices aimed to promote the adoption of standards within the community and improve between-lab reproducibility. The implementation of standardized animal neuroimaging protocols will facilitate animal population imaging efforts as well as meta-analysis and replication studies, the gold standards in evidence-based science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mandino
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Domenic H. Cerri
- Center for Animal MRI, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Clement M. Garin
- Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, MIRCen, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Milou Straathof
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geralda A. F. van Tilborg
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, MIRCen, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Rick M. Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @ UNITN, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shella D. Keilholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroImaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Donders Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Y, Pais-Roldan P, Chen X, Frosz MH, Yu X. MRI-guided robotic arm drives optogenetic fMRI with concurrent Ca 2+ recording. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2536. [PMID: 31182714 PMCID: PMC6557837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical fiber-mediated optogenetic activation and neuronal Ca2+ recording in combination with fMRI provide a multi-modal fMRI platform. Here, we developed an MRI-guided robotic arm (MgRA) as a flexible positioning system with high precision to real-time assist optical fiber brain intervention for multi-modal animal fMRI. Besides the ex vivo precision evaluation, we present the highly reliable brain activity patterns in the projected basal forebrain regions upon MgRA-driven optogenetic stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus. Also, we show the step-wise optical fiber targeting thalamic nuclei and map the region-specific functional connectivity with whole-brain fMRI accompanied by simultaneous calcium recordings to specify its circuit-specificity. The MgRA also guides the real-time microinjection to specific deep brain nuclei, which is demonstrated by an Mn-enhanced MRI method. The MgRA represents a clear advantage over the standard stereotaxic-based fiber implantation and opens a broad avenue to investigate the circuit-specific functional brain mapping with the multi-modal fMRI platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Pais-Roldan
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Xuming Chen
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Michael H Frosz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xin Yu
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakamichi Y, Okubo K, Sato T, Hashimoto M, Tanifuji M. Optical intrinsic signal imaging with optogenetics reveals functional cortico-cortical connectivity at the columnar level in living macaques. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6466. [PMID: 31015550 PMCID: PMC6478906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on primate cognitive function, understanding how anatomical connectivity at a neural circuit level relates to information transformation across different cortical areas remains primitive. New technology is needed to visualize inter-areal anatomical connectivity in living monkeys and to tie this directly to neurophysiological function. Here, we developed a novel method to investigate this structure-function relationship, by combining optical intrinsic signal imaging (OISI) with optogenetic stimulation in living monkeys (opto-OISI). The method involves expressing channelrhodophsin-2 in one area (source) followed by optical imaging of optogenetic activations in the other area (target). We successfully demonstrated the potential of the method with interhemispheric columnar projection patterns between V1/V2 border regions. Unlike the combination of optogenetics and functional magnetic resonance imaging (opto-fMRI), opto-OISI has the advantage of enabling us to detect responses of small clusters of neurons, even if the clusters are sparsely distributed. We suggest that opto-OISI can be a powerful approach to understanding cognitive function at the neural circuit level, directly linking inter-areal circuitry to fine-scale structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakamichi
- Lab for Integrative Neural Systems, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kai Okubo
- Lab for Integrative Neural Systems, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sato
- Lab for Integrative Neural Systems, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Embryology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Manabu Tanifuji
- Lab for Integrative Neural Systems, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Bio-Science Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jun J, Yoo S. Three Research Strategies of Neuroscience and the Future of Legal Imaging Evidence. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:120. [PMID: 29545740 PMCID: PMC5837991 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscientific imaging evidence (NIE) has become an integral part of the criminal justice system in the United States. However, in most legal cases, NIE is submitted and used only to mitigate penalties because the court does not recognize it as substantial evidence, considering its lack of reliability. Nevertheless, we here discuss how neuroscience is expected to improve the use of NIE in the legal system. For this purpose, we classified the efforts of neuroscientists into three research strategies: cognitive subtraction, the data-driven approach, and the brain-manipulation approach. Cognitive subtraction is outdated and problematic; consequently, the court deemed it to be an inadequate approach in terms of legal evidence in 2012. In contrast, the data-driven and brain manipulation approaches, which are state-of-the-art approaches, have overcome the limitations of cognitive subtraction. The data-driven approach brings data science into the field and is benefiting immensely from the development of research platforms that allow automatized collection, analysis, and sharing of data. This broadens the scale of imaging evidence. The brain-manipulation approach uses high-functioning tools that facilitate non-invasive and precise human brain manipulation. These two approaches are expected to have synergistic effects. Neuroscience has strived to improve the evidential reliability of NIE, with considerable success. With the support of cutting-edge technologies, and the progress of these approaches, the evidential status of NIE will be improved and NIE will become an increasingly important part of legal practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkwon Jun
- KIAS Transdisciplinary Research Program, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Yoo
- Human Research Protection Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Health Innovation Big Data Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|