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Chen Q, Li R, Wu B, Zhang X, Zhang H, Chen R. A tetravalent nanoparticle vaccine elicits a balanced and potent immune response against dengue viruses without inducing antibody-dependent enhancement. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193175. [PMID: 37275868 PMCID: PMC10235449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a global health threat caused by the dengue virus (DENV), a vector-borne and single-stranded RNA virus. Development of a safe and efficacious vaccine against DENV is a demanding challenge. The greatest pitfall in the development of vaccines is antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), which is closely associated with disease exacerbation. We displayed the modified envelope proteins from the four serotypes of the DENV on a 24-mer ferritin nanoparticle, respectively. This tetravalent nanoparticle vaccine induced potent humoral and cellular immunity in mice without ADE and conferred efficient protection against the lethal challenge of DENV-2 and DENV-3 in AG6 mice. Further exploration of immunization strategies showed that even single-dose vaccination could reduce pathologic damage in BALB/c mice infected with high doses of DENV-2. Treatment with cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate facilitated a higher titer of neutralizing antibodies and a stronger type-1 T-helper cell-biased immune response, thereby revealing it to be an effective adjuvant for dengue nanoparticle vaccines. These data suggest that a promising tetravalent nanoparticle vaccine could be produced to prevent DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qier Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolin Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Maier AM, Huth K, Alessandrini F, Schnautz B, Arifovic A, Riols F, Haid M, Koegler A, Sameith K, Schmidt-Weber CB, Esser-von-Bieren J, Ohnmacht C. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates lipid mediator production in alveolar macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157373. [PMID: 37081886 PMCID: PMC10110899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic inflammation of the airways such as allergic asthma is a major health problem with growing incidence world-wide. One cardinal feature in severe type 2-dominated airway inflammation is the release of lipid mediators of the eicosanoid family that can either promote or dampen allergic inflammation. Macrophages are key producers of prostaglandins and leukotrienes which play diverse roles in allergic airway inflammation and thus require tight control. Using RNA- and ATAC-sequencing, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), enzyme immunoassays (EIA), gene expression analysis and in vivo models, we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) contributes to this control via transcriptional regulation of lipid mediator synthesis enzymes in bone marrow-derived as well as in primary alveolar macrophages. In the absence or inhibition of AhR activity, multiple genes of both the prostaglandin and the leukotriene pathway were downregulated, resulting in lower synthesis of prostanoids, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cysteinyl leukotrienes, e.g., Leukotriene C4 (LTC4). These AhR-dependent genes include PTGS1 encoding for the enzyme cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) and ALOX5 encoding for the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) both of which major upstream regulators of the prostanoid and leukotriene pathway, respectively. This regulation is independent of the activation stimulus and partially also detectable in unstimulated macrophages suggesting an important role of basal AhR activity for eicosanoid production in steady state macrophages. Lastly, we demonstrate that AhR deficiency in hematopoietic but not epithelial cells aggravates house dust mite induced allergic airway inflammation. These results suggest an essential role for AhR-dependent eicosanoid regulation in macrophages during homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Maier
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Huth
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schnautz
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anela Arifovic
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabien Riols
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark Haid
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Koegler
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Technology Platform at the Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Sameith
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Technology Platform at the Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Esser-von-Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Caspar Ohnmacht,
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Liu L, Gao J, Xing X, Jiang M, Liu Q, Wang S, Luo Y. Cyclin G2 in macrophages triggers CTL-mediated antitumor immunity and antiangiogenesis via interferon-gamma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:358. [PMID: 36566226 PMCID: PMC9789679 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFN-γ is a key mediator of tumor immunity that can induce macrophage polarization to suppress tumor growth. Cyclin G2 functions as a tumor suppressor in various cancer cells; however, its role in macrophages remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of cyclin G2 in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Mouse tumor models were used to determine the effect of cyclin G2 in macrophages on tumor growth in vivo following IFN-γ treatment. Immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and blood vessels in the mouse tumors. Moreover, the biological roles of cyclin G2 in macrophages with regard to CTL chemotaxis, cytotoxic function, and vascular endothelial cell tube formation were assessed using in vitro functional experiments. Immunoprecipitation (IP), real-time PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which cyclin G2 regulates CTLs and vascular endothelial cells. RESULTS We found that cyclin G2 expression was upregulated in macrophages after IFN-γ treatment. Upregulated cyclin G2 inhibited lung and colon cancer growth by increasing the secretion of its downstream effector CXCL9, which promoted CTL chemotaxis and suppressed vascular endothelial cell tube formation. Moreover, cyclin G2 increased CXCL9 mRNA levels by promoting STAT1 nuclear translocation. In addition, cyclin G2 promoted the activation of the STAT1 signaling pathway, which was dependent on PP2Ac. CONCLUSIONS Cyclin G2 is upregulated by IFN-γ in macrophages, promotes the secretion of CXCL9 to increase CTL chemotaxis and inhibit angiogenesis to suppress tumor growth. Our findings suggest that targeting cyclin G2 could benefit future immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Gao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesha Xing
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixi Jiang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusen Wang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Deng N, Zuo X, lin Q, Wang T, Li Y, Zhong J, Ni H, Chen Q, Ding X, Yu H, Nie H. Low-dose 5-fluorouracil ameliorates Th2 responses through the induction of apoptotic cell death of lung monocyte-derived dendritic cells in asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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韦 莉, 陈 光, 孙 潮, 张 涛, 管 俊, 金 齐. [Immune Modulatory Effect of Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Salmonella on Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:948-953. [PMID: 34841760 PMCID: PMC10408817 DOI: 10.12182/20210860201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Salmonella typhimurium (ST) on the ultrastructural features and immune function of dendritic cells (DC). METHODS Mice bone marrow cells were collected aseptically, and myeloid DC were generated by the combined induction and amplification with recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and recombinant mouse interleukin-4 (rm IL-4). Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope and the phenotype was identified with flow cytometry. ST-OMVs were isolated through ultracentrifugation. The survival rate of DC was assessed with CCK-8 assay, and the stimulus concentration of OMVs was henceforth determined. The ultrastructural characteristics of DC loaded with OMVs were observed with transmission electron microscopy. The cytokine secretion, surface molecule expression and phagocytic capacity of DC were examined with flow cytometry. RESULTS The DC induced and amplified in vitro displayed typical DC phenotype in morphological analysis and the purity of DC exceeded 85%. Transmission electron microscopy showed that there were large numbers of protrusions on the cell surface. After stimulation with ST-OMVs, it was observed that the dendritic structures on the surface of DC were reduced and a large number of phagolysosomes were found in the cytoplasm. In addition, increased numbers of mitochondria, swelling and typical apoptosis were observed. After treatment with ST-OMVs at 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) of DC increased significantly ( P<0.05). Furthermore, the immature DC could differentiate into mature DCs after stimulation with ST-OMVs, which were characterized by a decrease in phagocytic capacity ( P<0.05) and an upregulation of phenotypic markers ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION ST-OMVs can stimulate DC to produce TNF-α and IL-1β and promote DC maturation and antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 莉 韦
- 蚌埠医学院 病原生物学教研室 (蚌埠 233030)Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- 感染与免疫安徽省重点实验室 (蚌埠 233030)Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 光璋 陈
- 蚌埠医学院 病原生物学教研室 (蚌埠 233030)Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 潮 孙
- 蚌埠医学院 病原生物学教研室 (蚌埠 233030)Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 涛 张
- 蚌埠医学院 病原生物学教研室 (蚌埠 233030)Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- 感染与免疫安徽省重点实验室 (蚌埠 233030)Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 俊昌 管
- 蚌埠医学院 病原生物学教研室 (蚌埠 233030)Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- 感染与免疫安徽省重点实验室 (蚌埠 233030)Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 齐力 金
- 蚌埠医学院 病原生物学教研室 (蚌埠 233030)Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- 感染与免疫安徽省重点实验室 (蚌埠 233030)Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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Robinson EK, Covarrubias S, Zhou S, Carpenter S. Generation and utilization of a HEK-293T murine GM-CSF expressing cell line. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249117. [PMID: 33836009 PMCID: PMC8034741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells that play a key role in defense against pathogens. In vitro cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs) are well-established and valuable methods for immunological studies. Typically, commercially available recombinant GM-CSF is utilized to generate BMDCs and is also used to culture alveolar macrophages. We have generated a new HEK-293T cell line expressing murine GM-CSF that secretes high levels of GM-CSF (~180 ng/ml) into complete media as an alternative to commercial GM-CSF. Differentiation of dendritic cells and expression of various markers were kinetically assessed using the GM-CSF HEK293T cell line, termed supGM-CSF and compared directly to purified commercial GMCSF. After 7–9 days of cell culture the supGM-CSF yielded twice as many viable cells compared to the commercial purified GM-CSF. In addition to differentiating BMDCs, the supGM-CSF can be utilized to culture functionally active alveolar macrophages. Collectively, our results show that supernatant from our GM-CSF HEK293T cell line supports the differentiation of mouse BMDCs or alveolar macrophage culturing, providing an economical alternative to purified GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra Kantzari Robinson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Sergio Covarrubias
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Simon Zhou
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang G, Jiang C, Xie N, Xu Y, Liu L, Liu N. Treatment with andrographolide sulfonate provides additional benefits to imipenem in a mouse model of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109065. [PMID: 31220744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a primary cause of community-acquired and nosocomial respiratory infections, and K. pneumoniae resistance to the current treatment approach with carbapenem is worsening. Andrographolide is a natural diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata that was shown to exert anti-inflammatory activity. We herein show that pretreatment with a water-soluble andrographolide sulfonate significantly attenuate lung injury and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Interestingly, mice receiving combined treatment with andrographolide sulfonate displayed perfect survival rate than the mice treatment with imipenem alone, and monocyte chemotactic protein 5 (MCP-5) level was decreased further. These findings suggest that andrographolide sulfonate could as a potential synergist for antibiotic treatment of bacteria-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Zhang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, China
| | - Yang Xu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Professional and Technical Service Center for Biological Material Druggability Evaluation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.
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Sendo S, Saegusa J, Okano T, Takahashi S, Akashi K, Morinobu A. CD11b+Gr-1 dim Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell-Like Cells Are Expanded in Interstitial Lung Disease in SKG Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2314-2327. [PMID: 28805019 DOI: 10.1002/art.40231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SKG mice develop interstitial lung disease (ILD) resembling rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD in humans. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism underlying the lung pathology by analyzing lung-infiltrating cells in SKG mice with ILD. METHODS We assessed the severity of zymosan A (ZyA)-induced ILD in SKG mice histologically, and we examined lung-infiltrating cells by flow cytometry. Total lung cells and isolated monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were cultured in vitro with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4. The proliferation of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester-labeled naive T cells cocultured with isolated CD11b+Gr-1dim cells and MDSCs was evaluated by flow cytometry. CD11b+Gr-1dim cells were adoptively transferred to ZyA-treated SKG mice. RESULTS MDSCs, Th17 cells, and group 1 and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s and ILC3s) were increased in the lungs; the proportion of these cells varied with ILD severity. In this process, we found that a unique cell population, CD11b+Gr-1dim cells, was expanded in the severely inflamed lungs. Approximately half of the CD11b+Gr-1dim cells expressed CD11c. CD11b+Gr-1dim cells were induced from monocytic MDSCs with GM-CSF in vitro and were considered tolerogenic because they suppressed T cell proliferation. These CD11b+Gr-1dim cells have never been described previously, and we termed them CD11b+Gr-1dim tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC)-like cells. Th17 cells, ILC1s, and ILC3s in the inflamed lung produced GM-CSF, which may have expanded CD11b+Gr-1dim tolerogenic DC-like cells in vivo. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of CD11b+Gr-1dim tolerogenic DC-like cells significantly suppressed progression of ILD in SKG mice. CONCLUSION We identified unique suppressive myeloid cells that were differentiated from monocytic MDSCs in SKG mice with ILD, and we termed them CD11b+Gr-1dim tolerogenic DC-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sendo
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Saegusa
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaichi Okano
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kengo Akashi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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