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Park CJ, Minabe S, Hess RA, Lin PCP, Zhou S, Bashir ST, Barakat R, Gal A, Ko CJ. Single neonatal estrogen implant sterilizes female animals by decreasing hypothalamic KISS1 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9627. [PMID: 37316510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive sterilization by surgical gonadectomy is strongly advocated to help manage animal populations, especially domesticated pets, and to prevent reproductive behaviors and diseases. This study explored the use of a single-injection method to induce sterility in female animals as an alternative to surgical ovariohysterectomy. The idea was based on our recent finding that repetitive daily injection of estrogen into neonatal rats disrupted hypothalamic expression of Kisspeptin (KISS1), the neuropeptide that triggers and regulates pulsatile secretion of GnRH. Neonatal female rats were dosed with estradiol benzoate (EB) either by daily injections for 11 days or by subcutaneous implantation of an EB-containing silicone capsule designed to release EB over 2-3 weeks. Rats treated by either method did not exhibit estrous cyclicity, were anovulatory, and became infertile. The EB-treated rats had fewer hypothalamic Kisspeptin neurons, but the GnRH-LH axis remained responsive to Kisspeptin stimulation. Because it would be desirable to use a biodegradable carrier that is also easier to handle, an injectable EB carrier was developed from PLGA microspheres to provide pharmacokinetics comparable to the EB-containing silicone capsule. A single neonatal injection of EB-microspheres at an equivalent dosage resulted in sterility in the female rat. In neonatal female Beagle dogs, implantation of an EB-containing silicone capsule also reduced ovarian follicle development and significantly inhibited KISS1 expression in the hypothalamus. None of the treatments produced any concerning health effects, other than infertility. Therefore, further development of this technology for sterilization in domestic female animals, such as dogs and cats is worthy of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Jin Park
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
- Epivara, Inc, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Shiori Minabe
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
- Epivara, Inc, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Po-Ching Patrick Lin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | | | - Shah Tauseef Bashir
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt
| | - Arnon Gal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - CheMyong Jay Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
- Epivara, Inc, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
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2
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Kolokotroni A, Gkikopoulou E, Rinotas V, Douni E. Phosphotungstic acid-enhanced microcomputed tomography for quantitative visualization of mouse mammary gland morphology. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2023; 10:S22402. [PMID: 36825256 PMCID: PMC9941684 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.10.s2.s22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Even though current techniques provide two-dimensional (2D) imaging of the mouse mammary gland, they fail to achieve high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and quantification. The objective of this study is to establish and evaluate quantitative visualization of the mouse mammary epithelium through microcomputed tomography (microCT) using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a contrast agent. Approach Ex vivo microCT scan images of the mouse mammary glands were obtained following staining by PTA, whereas for quantification we adapted volumetric parameters that are used for assessing trabecular bone morphometry and can be structurally applicable in the mammary ductal system. The proposed method was validated in distinct developmental stages and upon short-term treatment with synthetic progesterone, using the carmine alum staining for comparison. Results We demonstrate a simple PTA staining procedure that allows high contrast 3D imaging of mammary glands and quantitation of mammary duct structures using microCT. We validated the proposed method in distinct developmental stages, such as at puberty, adult mice, pregnancy as well as upon progesterone treatment. Compared with carmine alum staining, the microCT analysis provided higher resolution 2D and 3D images of the mammary gland morphology, with lower background that enabled the detection of subtle changes. Conclusions This work is the first study that employs PTA-enhanced microCT for 3D imaging and volumetric analysis of mouse mammary glands. Our results establish PTA-enhanced microCT as a useful tool for comparative studies of the mouse mammary gland morphology that can apply in mutant mice and for the preclinical evaluation of pharmaceuticals in breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Kolokotroni
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming,” Institute for Bioinnovation, Vari, Greece
| | - Evi Gkikopoulou
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming,” Institute for Bioinnovation, Vari, Greece
| | - Vagelis Rinotas
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming,” Institute for Bioinnovation, Vari, Greece
| | - Eleni Douni
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Genetics, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming,” Institute for Bioinnovation, Vari, Greece
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3
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Matouskova K, Szabo GK, Daum J, Fenton SE, Christiansen S, Soto AM, Kay JE, Cardona B, Vandenberg LN. Best practices to quantify the impact of reproductive toxicants on development, function, and diseases of the rodent mammary gland. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:51-67. [PMID: 35764275 PMCID: PMC9491517 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Work from numerous fields of study suggests that exposures to hormonally active chemicals during sensitive windows of development can alter mammary gland development, function, and disease risk. Stronger links between many environmental pollutants and disruptions to breast health continue to be documented in human populations, and there remain concerns that the methods utilized to identify, characterize, and prioritize these chemicals for risk assessment and risk management purposes are insufficient. There are also concerns that effects on the mammary gland have been largely ignored by regulatory agencies. Here, we provide technical guidance that is intended to enhance collection and evaluation of the mammary gland in mice and rats. We review several features of studies that should be controlled to properly evaluate the mammary gland, and then describe methods to appropriately collect the mammary gland from rodents. Furthermore, we discuss methods for preparing whole mounted mammary glands and numerous approaches that are available for the analysis of these samples. Finally, we conclude with several examples where analysis of the mammary gland revealed effects of environmental toxicants at low doses. Our work argues that the rodent mammary gland should be considered in chemical safety, hazard and risk assessments. It also suggests that improved measures of mammary gland outcomes, such as those we present in this review, should be included in the standardized methods evaluated by regulatory agencies such as the test guidelines used for identifying reproductive and developmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Gillian K Szabo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Daum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby DK 2800, Denmark
| | - Ana M Soto
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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4
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Dynamic miRNA Landscape Links Mammary Gland Development to the Regulation of Milk Protein Expression in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060727. [PMID: 35327124 PMCID: PMC8944794 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Milk synthesis is vital for maintaining the normal growth of newborn animals. Abnormal mammary gland development leads to a decrease in female productivity and the overall productivity of animal husbandry. This study characterized the dynamic miRNA expression profile during the process of mammary gland development, and identified a novel miRNA regulating expression of β-casein—an important milk protein. The results are valuable for studying mammary gland development, increasing milk production, improving the survival rate of pups, and promoting the development of animal husbandry. Abstract Mammary gland morphology varies considerably between pregnancy and lactation status, e.g., virgin to pregnant and lactation to weaning. Throughout these critical developmental phases, the mammary glands undergo remodeling to accommodate changes in milk production capacity, which is positively correlated with milk protein expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in female ICR mice’s mammary glands at the virgin stage (V), day 16 of pregnancy (P16d), day 12 of lactation (L12d), day 1 of forced weaning (FW1d), and day 3 of forced weaning (FW3d), and to identify the miRNAs regulating milk protein gene expression. During the five stages of testing, 852 known miRNAs and 179 novel miRNAs were identified in the mammary glands. Based on their expression patterns, the identified miRNAs were grouped into 12 clusters. The expression pattern of cluster 1 miRNAs was opposite to that of milk protein genes in mammary glands in all five different stages. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the predicted target genes of cluster 1 miRNAs were related to murine mammary gland development and lactation. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that the novel-mmu-miR424-5p, which belongs to the cluster 1 miRNAs, was expressed in murine mammary epithelial cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that an important milk protein gene—β-casein (CSN2)—was regarded as one of the likely targets for the novel-mmu-miR424-5p. This study analyzed the expression patterns of miRNAs in murine mammary glands throughout five critical developmental stages, and discovered a novel miRNA involved in regulating the expression of CSN2. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of the developmental biology of mammary glands, providing guidelines for increasing lactation efficiency and milk quality.
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5
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Schreiber C, Gruber A, Roßwag S, Saraswati S, Harkins S, Thiele W, Foroushani ZH, Munding N, Schmaus A, Rothley M, Dimmler A, Tanaka M, Garvalov BK, Sleeman JP. Loss of ASAP1 in the MMTV-PyMT model of luminal breast cancer activates AKT, accelerates tumorigenesis, and promotes metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 533:215600. [PMID: 35181478 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ASAP1 is a multi-domain adaptor protein that regulates cytoskeletal dynamics, receptor recycling and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Its expression is associated with poor prognosis in a variety of cancers, and can promote cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Although amplification and expression of ASAP1 has been associated with poor survival in breast cancer, we found that in the autochthonous MMTV-PyMT model of luminal breast cancer, ablation of ASAP1 resulted in an earlier onset of tumor initiation and increased metastasis. This was due to tumor cell-intrinsic effects of ASAP1 deletion, as ASAP1 deficiency in tumor, but not in stromal cells was sufficient to replicate the enhanced tumorigenicity and metastasis observed in the ASAP1-null MMTV-PyMT mice. Loss of ASAP1 in MMTV-PyMT mice had no effect on proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis or immune cell infiltration, but enhanced mammary gland hyperplasia and tumor cell invasion, indicating that ASAP1 can accelerate tumor initiation and promote dissemination. Mechanistically, these effects were associated with a potent activation of AKT. Importantly, lower ASAP1 levels correlated with poor prognosis and enhanced AKT activation in human ER+/luminal breast tumors, validating our findings in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model for this subtype of breast cancer. Taken together, our findings reveal that ASAP1 can have distinct functions in different tumor types and demonstrate a tumor suppressive activity for ASAP1 in luminal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schreiber
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Gruber
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Roßwag
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Supriya Saraswati
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shannon Harkins
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wilko Thiele
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zahra Hajian Foroushani
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Munding
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Schmaus
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Melanie Rothley
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arno Dimmler
- Vincentius-Diakonissen-Kliniken, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jonathan P Sleeman
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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6
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Liu B, Liu Z, Chen S, Ki M, Erickson C, Reis-Filho JS, Durham BH, Chang Q, de Stanchina E, Sun Y, Rabadan R, Abdel-Wahab O, Chandarlapaty S. Mutant SF3B1 promotes AKT- and NF-κB-driven mammary tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138315. [PMID: 33031100 DOI: 10.1172/jci138315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the core RNA splicing factor SF3B1 are prevalent in leukemias and uveal melanoma, but hotspot SF3B1 mutations are also seen in epithelial malignancies such as breast cancer. Although hotspot mutations in SF3B1 alter hematopoietic differentiation, whether SF3B1 mutations contribute to epithelial cancer development and progression is unknown. Here, we identify that SF3B1 mutations in mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells induce a recurrent pattern of aberrant splicing leading to activation of AKT and NF-κB, enhanced cell migration, and accelerated tumorigenesis. Transcriptomic analysis of human cancer specimens, MMTV-cre Sf3b1K700E/WT mice, and isogenic mutant cell lines identified hundreds of aberrant 3' splice sites (3'ss) induced by mutant SF3B1. Consistently between mouse and human tumors, mutant SF3B1 promoted aberrant splicing (dependent on aberrant branchpoints as well as pyrimidines downstream of the cryptic 3'ss) and consequent suppression of PPP2R5A and MAP3K7, critical negative regulators of AKT and NF-κB. Coordinate activation of NF-κB and AKT signaling was observed in the knockin models, leading to accelerated cell migration and tumor development in combination with mutant PIK3CA but also hypersensitizing cells to AKT kinase inhibitors. These data identify hotspot mutations in SF3B1 as an important contributor to breast tumorigenesis and reveal unique vulnerabilities in cancers harboring them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.,Program for Mathematical Genomics.,Department of Systems Biology and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Ki
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caroline Erickson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Benjamin H Durham
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology
| | - Qing Chang
- Antitumor Assessment Core and Molecular Pharmacology Department, and
| | | | - Yiwei Sun
- Program for Mathematical Genomics.,Department of Systems Biology and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics.,Department of Systems Biology and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Johanson SM, Ropstad E, Østby GC, Aleksandersen M, Zamaratskaia G, Boge GS, Halsne R, Trangerud C, Lyche JL, Berntsen HF, Zimmer KE, Verhaegen S. Perinatal exposure to a human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants: Effects on mammary gland development, ovarian folliculogenesis and liver in CD-1 mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252954. [PMID: 34111182 PMCID: PMC8191980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with endocrine disrupting properties to interfere with the developing reproductive system is of increasing concern. POPs are transferred from dams to offspring and the high sensitivity of neonates to endocrine disturbances may be caused by underdeveloped systems of metabolism and excretion. The present study aimed to characterize the effect of in utero and lactational exposure to a human relevant mixture of POPs on the female mammary gland, ovarian folliculogenesis and liver function in CD-1 offspring mice. Dams were exposed to the mixture through the diet at Control, Low or High doses (representing 0x, 5000x and 100 000x human estimated daily intake levels, respectively) from weaning and throughout mating, gestation, and lactation. Perinatally exposed female offspring exhibited altered mammary gland development and a suppressed ovarian follicle maturation. Increased hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymatic activities indirectly indicated activation of nuclear receptors and potential generation of reactive products. Hepatocellular hypertrophy was observed from weaning until 30 weeks of age and could potentially lead to hepatotoxicity. Further studies should investigate the effects of human relevant mixtures of POPs on several hormones combined with female reproductive ability and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Modahl Johanson
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gunn Charlotte Østby
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Mona Aleksandersen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gudrun Seeberg Boge
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ruth Halsne
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Trangerud
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jan Ludvig Lyche
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Elisabeth Zimmer
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Steven Verhaegen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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8
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Systemic alterations play a dominant role in epigenetic predisposition to breast cancer in offspring of obese fathers and is transmitted to a second generation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7317. [PMID: 33795711 PMCID: PMC8016877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that environmentally-induced epigenetic inheritance of cancer occurs in rodent models. For instance, we reported that paternal consumption of an obesity-inducing diet (OID) increased breast cancer susceptibility in the offspring (F1). Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether programming of breast cancer in daughters is due to systemic alterations or mammary epithelium-specific factors and whether the breast cancer predisposition in F1 progeny can be transmitted to subsequent generations. In this study, we show that mammary glands from F1 control (CO) female offspring exhibit enhanced growth when transplanted into OID females compared to CO mammary glands transplanted into CO females. Similarly, carcinogen-induced mammary tumors from F1 CO female offspring transplanted into OID females has a higher proliferation/apoptosis rate. Further, we show that granddaughters (F2) from the OID grand-paternal germline have accelerated tumor growth compared to CO granddaughters. This between-generation transmission of cancer predisposition is associated with changes in sperm tRNA fragments in OID males. Our findings indicate that systemic and mammary stromal alterations are significant contributors to programming of mammary development and likely cancer predisposition in OID daughters. Our data also show that breast cancer predisposition is transmitted to subsequent generations and may explain some familial cancers, if confirmed in humans.
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9
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O'Leary KA, Rugowski DE, Shea MP, Sullivan R, Moser AR, Schuler LA. Prolactin synergizes with canonical Wnt signals to drive development of ER+ mammary tumors via activation of the Notch pathway. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:231-239. [PMID: 33472091 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) cooperates with other factors to orchestrate mammary development and lactation, and is epidemiologically linked to higher risk for breast cancer. However, how PRL collaborates with oncogenes to foster tumorigenesis and influence breast cancer phenotype is not well understood. To understand its interactions with canonical Wnt signals, which elevate mammary stem cell activity, we crossed heterozygous NRL-PRL mice with ApcMin/+ mice and treated pubertal females with a single dose of mutagen. PRL in the context of ApcMin/+ fueled a dramatic increase in tumor incidence in nulliparous mice, compared to ApcMin/+ alone. Although carcinomas in both NRL-PRL/ApcMin/+ and ApcMin/+ females acquired a mutation in the remaining wildtype Apc allele and expressed abundant β-catenin, PRL-promoted tumors displayed higher levels of Notch-driven target genes and Notch-dependent cancer stem cell activity, compared to β-catenin-driven activity in ApcMin/+ tumors. This PRL-induced shift to dominant Notch signals was evident in preneoplastic epithelial hyperplasias at 120 days of age. In NRL-PRL/ApcMin/+ females, rapidly proliferating hyperplasias, characterized by β-catenin at cell junctions and high NOTCH1 expression, contrasted with slower growing lesions with nuclear β-catenin in ApcMin/+ females. These studies demonstrate that PRL can powerfully modulate the incidence and phenotype of mammary tumors, shedding light on mechanisms whereby PRL elevates risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A O'Leary
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Debra E Rugowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael P Shea
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruth Sullivan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy R Moser
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
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10
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Hor P, Punj V, Calvert BA, Castaldi A, Miller AJ, Carraro G, Stripp BR, Brody SL, Spence JR, Ichida JK, Ryan Firth AL, Borok Z. Efficient Generation and Transcriptomic Profiling of Human iPSC-Derived Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101083. [PMID: 32380423 PMCID: PMC7205764 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) is a pathological feature of many human lung diseases. Human PNECs are inherently difficult to study due to their rarity (<1% of total lung cells) and a lack of established protocols for their isolation. We used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate induced PNECs (iPNECs), which express core PNEC markers, including ROBO receptors, and secrete major neuropeptides, recapitulating known functions of primary PNECs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that differentiation efficiency is increased in the presence of an air-liquid interface and inhibition of Notch signaling. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed a PNEC-associated gene expression profile that is concordant between iPNECs and human fetal PNECs. In addition, pseudotime analysis of scRNA-seq results suggests a basal cell origin of human iPNECs. In conclusion, our model has the potential to provide an unlimited source of human iPNECs to explore PNEC pathophysiology associated with several lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Hor
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, HMR 712, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Vasu Punj
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ben A Calvert
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Alyssa J Miller
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin K Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, HMR 712, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Amy L Ryan Firth
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, HMR 712, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Norris Comprehensive Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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11
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Vining KH, Lombaert IMA, Patel VN, Kibbey SE, Pradhan-Bhatt S, Witt RL, Hoffman MP. Neurturin-containing laminin matrices support innervated branching epithelium from adult epithelial salispheres. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119245. [PMID: 31200143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation of autologous adult biopsies, grown ex vivo as epithelial organoids or expanded as spheroids, are proposed treatments to regenerate damaged branching organs. However, it is not clear whether transplantation of adult organoids or spheroids alone is sufficient to initiate a fetal-like program of branching morphogenesis in which coordinated branching of multiple cell types including nerves, mesenchyme and blood vessels occurs. Yet this is an essential concept for the regeneration of branching organs such as lung, pancreas, and lacrimal and salivary glands. Here, we used factors identified from fetal organogenesis to maintain and expand adult murine and human epithelial salivary gland progenitors in non-adherent spheroid cultures, called salispheres. These factors stimulated critical developmental pathways, and increased expression of epithelial progenitor markers such as Keratin5, Keratin14, FGFR2b and KIT. Moreover, physical recombination of adult salispheres in a laminin-111 extracellular matrix with fetal salivary mesenchyme, containing endothelial and neuronal cells, only induced branching morphogenesis when neurturin, a neurotrophic factor, was added to the matrix. Neurturin was essential to improve neuronal survival, axon outgrowth, innervation of the salispheres, and resulted in the formation of branching structures with a proximal-distal axis that mimicked fetal branching morphogenesis, thus recapitulating organogenesis. Epithelial progenitors were also maintained, and developmental differentiation programs were initiated, showing that the fetal microenvironment provides a template for adult epithelial progenitors to initiate branching and differentiation. Further delineation of secreted and physical cues from the fetal niche will be useful to develop novel regenerative therapies that instruct adult salispheres to resume a developmental-like program in vitro and to regenerate branching organs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Vining
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; Medical Research Scholars Program, Office of Clinical Research Training and Medical Education, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Current Address: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138. USA
| | - I M A Lombaert
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; Current Address: Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, North Campus Research Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - V N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA
| | - S E Kibbey
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA
| | - S Pradhan-Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - R L Witt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, 19713, USA; Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - M P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA.
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12
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Tucker DK, Hayes Bouknight S, Brar SS, Kissling GE, Fenton SE. Evaluation of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol Analogues on Development and Long-Term Health of the Mammary Gland in Female Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:087003. [PMID: 30102602 PMCID: PMC6108869 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continued efforts to phase out bisphenol A (BPA) from consumer products have been met with the challenges of finding safer alternatives. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether early-life exposure to BPA and its related analogues, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol S (BPS), could affect female pubertal mammary gland development and long-term mammary health in mice. METHODS Timed pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to vehicle, BPA (0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg), BPAF (0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/kg), or BPS (0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/kg) via oral gavage between gestation days 10–17. Mammary glands were collected from resulting female offspring at postnatal day (PND) 20, 28, 35, and 56, and at 3, 8, and 14 months for whole mount, histopathological evaluation, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); serum steroid concentrations were also measured at these time points. RESULTS In the bisphenol-exposed mice, accelerated mammary gland development was evident during early puberty and persisted into adulthood. By late adulthood, mammary glands from bisphenol-exposed female offspring exhibited adverse morphology in comparison with controls; most prominent were undifferentiated duct ends, significantly more lobuloalveolar hyperplasia and perivascular inflammation, and various tumors, including adenocarcinomas. Effects were especially prominent in the BPAF 5 mg/kg and BPS 0.5 mg/kg groups. Serum steroid concentrations and mammary mRNA levels of Esr1, Pgr, Ar, and Gper1 were similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that prenatal exposure of mice to BPAF or BPS induced precocious development of the mammary gland, and that siblings were significantly more susceptible to spontaneous preneoplastic epithelial lesions and inflammation, with an incidence greater than that observed in vehicle- and BPA-exposed animals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tucker
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sukhdev S Brar
- DNTP, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grace E Kissling
- Division of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Tucker DK, Foley JF, Bouknight SA, Fenton SE. Sectioning Mammary Gland Whole Mounts for Lesion Identification. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28784953 DOI: 10.3791/55796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal mammary gland development may be altered by exposure to environmental toxicants and pharmaceutical products, excessive exposure to hormones, and genetic alterations. Mammary gland whole mounts are an inexpensive method to capture the progression of morphological changes that may arise after exposure. However, in later life, when abnormalities are more prone to develop, sole reliance on this one method may not always provide enough information to make a proper diagnosis of the abnormality. Historically, in chemical test guideline studies, a single mammary gland is removed at necropsy and prepared as a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained section. The incorporation of contralateral mammary whole-mount collection and analysis decreases the likelihood of a false-negative assessment. Evaluation of the whole mount is limited by the presence of one or two entire mammary glands on a slide, and in some cases, the abnormalities observed in the whole mount are not uniformly represented in the H&E section. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for converting coverslipped mammary whole mounts to H&E-stained sections so that lesions that would otherwise have been missed or that are difficult to diagnose can be identified. Here, we detail a method to produce a high-quality, paraffin-embedded H&E section from a mammary gland that was initially prepared as a whole mount. In comparison to a tissue that was intentionally prepared for H&E sectioning, the whole mount requires additional preparation for tissue removal and processing. However, this method is considered inexpensive, as it requires common lab reagents and little additional time. As a result, this method can provide invaluable information on how chemical and environmental exposures alter normal mammary development, as well as display changes that occur because of genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tucker
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), DNTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
| | - Julie F Foley
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
| | | | - Suzanne E Fenton
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), DNTP, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences;
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