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Boberg J, Li T, Christiansen S, Draskau MK, Damdimopoulou P, Svingen T, Johansson HKL. Comparison of female rat reproductive effects of pubertal versus adult exposure to known endocrine disruptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1126485. [PMID: 37854179 PMCID: PMC10579898 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A prevailing challenge when testing chemicals for their potential to cause female reproductive toxicity is the lack of appropriate toxicological test methods. We hypothesized that starting a 28-day in vivo toxicity study already at weaning, instead of in adulthood, would increase the sensitivity to detect endocrine disruptors due to the possibility of including assessment of pubertal onset. We compared the sensitivity of two rat studies using pubertal or adult exposure. We exposed the rats to two well-known human endocrine disruptors, the estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES; 0.003, 0.012, 0.048 mg/kg bw/day) and the steroid synthesis inhibitor ketoconazole (KTZ; 3, 12, 48 mg/kg bw/day). Specifically, we addressed the impact on established endocrine-sensitive endpoints including day of vaginal opening (VO), estrous cyclicity, weights of reproductive organs and ovarian histology. After 28 days of exposure, starting either at weaning or at 9 weeks of age, DES exposure altered estrous cyclicity, reduced ovary weight as well as number of antral follicles and corpora lutea. By starting exposure at weaning, we could detect advanced day of VO in DES-exposed animals despite a lower body weight. Some endpoints were affected mainly with adult exposure, as DES increased liver weights in adulthood only. For KTZ, no effects were seen on time of VO, but adrenal and liver weights were increased in both exposure scenarios, and adult KTZ exposure also stimulated ovarian follicle growth. At first glance, this would indicate that a pubertal exposure scenario would be preferrable as timing of VO may serve as sensitive indicator of endocrine disruption by estrogenic mode of action. However, a higher sensitivity for other endocrine targets may be seen starting exposure in adulthood. Overall, starting a 28-day study at weaning with inclusion of VO assessment would mainly be recommended for substances showing estrogenic potential e.g., in vitro, whereas for other substances an adult exposure scenario may be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boberg
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tianyi Li
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Monica K. Draskau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Li T, Boberg J, Johansson HKL, Di Nisio V, Christiansen S, Svingen T, Damdimopoulou P. Quantitative analysis of ovarian surface photographs as a tool for assessment of chemical effects on folliculogenesis and ovulation in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 119:108416. [PMID: 37268149 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Female reproductive toxicity assessments rely on histological evaluation of ovaries by hematoxylin & eosin (H&E)-stained cross-sections. This is time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly, thus alternative methods for ovarian toxicity assessment could be valuable. Here, we report on an improved method based on quantification of antral follicles (AF) and corpora lutea (CL) using ovarian surface photographs, called 'surface photo counting' (SPC). To validate a potential utility for the method to detect effects on folliculogenesis in toxicity studies, we investigated ovaries from rats exposed to two well-known endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), diethylstilbestrol (DES) and ketoconazole (KTZ). Animals were exposed to DES (0.003, 0.012, 0.048 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day) or KTZ (3, 12, 48 mg/kg bw/day) during puberty or adulthood. At the end of the exposure, ovaries were photographed under stereomicroscope and subsequently processed for histological assessments to allow for direct comparison between the two methods by quantifying AF and CL. There was a significant correlation between the SPC and histology methods, albeit CL counts correlated better than AF counts, potentially due to their larger size. Effects of DES and KTZ were found by both methods, suggesting applicability of the SPC method to chemical hazard and risk assessment. Based on our study, we propose that SPC can be employed as a fast and cheap tool for assessment of ovarian toxicity in in vivo studies to prioritize chemical exposure groups for further histological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Julie Boberg
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Hanna K L Johansson
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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Franssen D, Johansson HKL, Lopez-Rodriguez D, Lavergne A, Terwagne Q, Boberg J, Christiansen S, Svingen T, Parent AS. Perinatal exposure to the fungicide ketoconazole alters hypothalamic control of puberty in female rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1140886. [PMID: 37077353 PMCID: PMC10108553 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1140886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as diethylstilbestrol (DES) are known to alter the timing of puberty onset and reproductive function in females. Accumulating evidence suggests that steroid synthesis inhibitors such as ketoconazole (KTZ) or phthalates may also affect female reproductive health, however their mode of action is poorly understood. Because hypothalamic activity is very sensitive to sex steroids, we aimed at determining whether and how EDCs with different mode of action can alter the hypothalamic transcriptome and GnRH release in female rats. DESIGN Female rats were exposed to KTZ or DES during perinatal (DES 3-6-12μg/kg.d; KTZ 3-6-12mg/kg.d), pubertal or adult periods (DES 3-12-48μg/kg.d; KTZ 3-12-48mg/kg.d). RESULTS Ex vivo study of GnRH pulsatility revealed that perinatal exposure to the highest doses of KTZ and DES delayed maturation of GnRH secretion before puberty, whereas pubertal or adult exposure had no effect on GnRH pulsatility. Hypothalamic transcriptome, studied by RNAsequencing in the preoptic area and in the mediobasal hypothalamus, was found to be very sensitive to perinatal exposure to all doses of KTZ before puberty with effects persisting until adulthood. Bioinformatic analysis with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted "Creb signaling in Neurons" and "IGF-1 signaling" among the most downregulated pathways by all doses of KTZ and DES before puberty, and "PPARg" as a common upstream regulator driving gene expression changes. Deeper screening ofRNAseq datasets indicated that a high number of genes regulating the activity of the extrinsic GnRH pulse generator were consistently affected by all the doses of DES and KTZ before puberty. Several, including MKRN3, DNMT3 or Cbx7, showed similar alterations in expression at adulthood. CONCLUSION nRH secretion and the hypothalamic transcriptome are highly sensitive to perinatal exposure to both DES and KTZ. The identified pathways should be exploredfurther to identify biomarkers for future testing strategies for EDC identification and when enhancing the current standard information requirements in regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Franssen
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Delphine Franssen,
| | | | | | - Arnaud Lavergne
- GIGA-Bioinformatics, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Quentin Terwagne
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Boberg
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liege, Liege, Belgium
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Adibi JJ, Christiansen S, Fenton SE, Holloway A, Patisaul HB. Editorial: Women in developmental and reproductive toxicology: 2021. Front Toxicol 2022; 4:1026314. [PMID: 36262336 PMCID: PMC9576202 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.1026314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alison Holloway
- Reproductive Biology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Heather B. Patisaul
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Matouskova K, Szabo GK, Daum J, Fenton SE, Christiansen S, Soto AM, Kay JE, Cardona B, Vandenberg LN. Best practices to quantify the impact of reproductive toxicants on development, function, and diseases of the rodent mammary gland. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:51-67. [PMID: 35764275 PMCID: PMC9491517 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Work from numerous fields of study suggests that exposures to hormonally active chemicals during sensitive windows of development can alter mammary gland development, function, and disease risk. Stronger links between many environmental pollutants and disruptions to breast health continue to be documented in human populations, and there remain concerns that the methods utilized to identify, characterize, and prioritize these chemicals for risk assessment and risk management purposes are insufficient. There are also concerns that effects on the mammary gland have been largely ignored by regulatory agencies. Here, we provide technical guidance that is intended to enhance collection and evaluation of the mammary gland in mice and rats. We review several features of studies that should be controlled to properly evaluate the mammary gland, and then describe methods to appropriately collect the mammary gland from rodents. Furthermore, we discuss methods for preparing whole mounted mammary glands and numerous approaches that are available for the analysis of these samples. Finally, we conclude with several examples where analysis of the mammary gland revealed effects of environmental toxicants at low doses. Our work argues that the rodent mammary gland should be considered in chemical safety, hazard and risk assessments. It also suggests that improved measures of mammary gland outcomes, such as those we present in this review, should be included in the standardized methods evaluated by regulatory agencies such as the test guidelines used for identifying reproductive and developmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Gillian K Szabo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Daum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby DK 2800, Denmark
| | - Ana M Soto
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Svingen T, Schwartz CL, Rosenmai AK, Ramhøj L, Johansson HKL, Hass U, Draskau MK, Davidsen N, Christiansen S, Ballegaard ASR, Axelstad M. Using alternative test methods to predict endocrine disruption and reproductive adverse outcomes: do we have enough knowledge? Environ Pollut 2022; 304:119242. [PMID: 35378198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a matter of great concern. They are ubiquitous in the environment, are considered harmful to humans and wildlife, yet remain challenging to identify based on current international test guidelines and regulatory frameworks. For a compound to be identified as an EDC within the EU regulatory system, a plausible link between an endocrine mode-of-action and an adverse effect outcome in an intact organism must be established. This requires in-depth knowledge about molecular pathways regulating normal development and function in animals and humans in order to elucidate causes for disease. Although our knowledge about the role of the endocrine system in animal development and function is substantial, it remains challenging to predict endocrine-related disease outcomes in intact animals based on non-animal test data. A main reason for this is that our knowledge about mechanism-of-action are still lacking for essential causal components, coupled with the sizeable challenge of mimicking the complex multi-organ endocrine system by methodological reductionism. Herein, we highlight this challenge by drawing examples from male reproductive toxicity, which is an area that has been at the forefront of EDC research since its inception. We discuss the importance of increased focus on characterizing mechanism-of-action for EDC-induced adverse health effects. This is so we can design more robust and reliable testing strategies using non-animal test methods for predictive toxicology; both to improve chemical risk assessment in general, but also to allow for considerable reduction and replacement of animal experiments in chemicals testing of the 21st Century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Louise Ramhøj
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | | | - Ulla Hass
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Monica Kam Draskau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Davidsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | | | - Marta Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
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Pedersen EB, Christiansen S, Svingen T. AOP key event relationship report: Linking androgen receptor antagonism with nipple retention. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100085. [PMID: 36090961 PMCID: PMC9459418 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A full AOP KER description linking AR antagonism with nipple retention in rodents. Described KER 2133 is a non-adjacent KER of an intended AOP delineating anti-androgenicity as a mode for nipple retention. A case study for developing and publishing independent units of information under the AOP framework.
In rat developmental and reproductive toxicity studies, nipple/areola retention (NR) in male offspring is a biomarker for reduced androgen signaling during development. This is because nipples normally regress in male rats in response to androgen signaling during critical stages of development. NR is thus included as a mandatory endpoint in several OECD test guidelines for assessment of chemicals, particularly as a readout for anti-androgenic effects relevant for reproductive toxicity. With the growing interest in developing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to aid in chemical risk assessment, a more pragmatic approach has been proposed, whereby essential units of knowledge could be developed independently of complete AOPs, not least emergent key event relationships (KERs). Herein, we have developed a KER linking “androgen receptor antagonism” and “increased areola/nipple retention”. The KER is based on a literature review conducted in a transparent semi-systematic manner in peer-reviewed databases with pre-defined inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven papers were included for development of the KER. The results support a qualitative relationship between the two key events (KEs) with a high weight of evidence; i.e., a causal relationship between androgen receptor (AR) antagonism and nipple retention in male rats exists.
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Schwartz CL, Christiansen S, Hass U, Ramhøj L, Axelstad M, Löbl NM, Svingen T. On the Use and Interpretation of Areola/Nipple Retention as a Biomarker for Anti-androgenic Effects in Rat Toxicity Studies. Front Toxicol 2021; 3:730752. [PMID: 35295101 PMCID: PMC8915873 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.730752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Areola/nipple retention (NR) is an established biomarker for an anti-androgenic mode of action in rat toxicity studies. It is a mandatory measurement under several OECD test guidelines and is typically assessed in combination with anogenital distance (AGD). Both NR and AGD are considered retrospective biomarkers of insufficient androgen signaling during the masculinization programming window in male fetuses. However, there are still aspects concerning NR as a biomarker for endocrine disruption that remains to be clarified. For instance, can NR be regarded a permanent adverse effect? Is it a redundant measurement if AGD is assessed in the same study? Is NR equally sensitive and specific to anti-androgenic chemical substances as a shortening of male AGD? In this review we discuss these and other aspects concerning the use of NR as a biomarker in toxicity studies. We have collected available literature from rat toxicity studies that have reported on NR and synthesized the data in order to draw a clearer picture about the sensitivity and specificity of NR as an effect biomarker for an anti-androgenic mode of action, including comparisons to AGD measurements. We carefully conclude that NR and AGD in rats for the most part display similar sensitivity and specificity, but that there are clear exceptions which support the continued assessment of both endpoints in relevant reproductive toxicity studies. Available literature also support the view that NR in infant male rats signifies a high risk for permanent nipples in adulthood. Finally, the literature suggests that the mechanisms of action leading from a chemical stressor event to either NR or short AGD in male offspring are overlapping with respect to canonical androgen signaling, yet differ with respect to other mechanisms of action.
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Draskau MK, Rosenmai AK, Scholze M, Pedersen M, Boberg J, Christiansen S, Svingen T. Human-relevant concentrations of the antifungal drug clotrimazole disrupt maternal and fetal steroid hormone profiles in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 422:115554. [PMID: 33910022 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Clotrimazole is a non-prescription and broad-spectrum antifungal drug sold under brand names such as Canesten® and Lotrimin®. It is used to treat different types of fungal infections, from oral thrush to athlete's foot and vaginal mycosis. The level of exposure to clotrimazole is uncertain, as the exact usage amongst self-medicating patients is unclear. Recent studies have raised potential concern about the unsupervised use of clotrimazole during pregnancy, especially since it is a potent inhibitor of CYP enzymes of the steroidogenesis pathway. To address some of these concerns, we have assessed the effects of intrauterine exposure to clotrimazole on developing rat fetuses. By exposing pregnant rats to clotrimazole 25 or 75 mg/kg bw/day during gestation days 7-21, we obtained internal fetal concentrations close to those observed in humans. These in vivo data are in strong agreement with our physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBK)-modelled levels. At these doses, we observed no obvious morphological changes to the reproductive system, nor shorter male anogenital distance; a well-established morphometric marker for anti-androgenic effects in male offspring. However, steroid hormone profiles were significantly affected in both maternal and fetal plasma, in particular pronounced suppression of estrogens was seen. In fetal testes, marked up-concentration of hydroxyprogesterone was observed, which indicates a specific action on steroidogenesis. Since systemic clotrimazole is rapidly metabolized in humans, relevant exposure levels may not in itself cause adverse changes to the reproductive systems. Its capacity to significantly alter steroid hormone concentrations, however, suggests that clotrimazole should be used with caution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kam Draskau
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Martin Scholze
- Division of Environmental Studies, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Mikael Pedersen
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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10
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Johansson HKL, Christiansen S, Draskau MK, Svingen T, Boberg J. Classical toxicity endpoints in female rats are insensitive to the human endocrine disruptors diethylstilbestrol and ketoconazole. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 101:9-17. [PMID: 33571642 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals can have negative consequences for reproductive health in both men and women. Our knowledge about how chemicals can cause adverse health outcomes in females is, however, poorer than our knowledge in males. This is possibly due to lack of sensitive endpoints to evaluate endocrine disruption potential in toxicity studies. To address this shortcoming we carried out rat studies with two well-known human endocrine disruptors, diethylstilbestrol (DES) and ketoconazole (KTZ), and evaluated the sensitivity of a series of endocrine related endpoints. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed orally from gestational day 7 until postnatal day 22. In a range-finding study, disruption of pregnancy-related endpoints was seen from 0.014 mg/kg bw/day for DES and 14 mg/kg bw/day for KTZ, so doses were adjusted to 0.003; 0.006; and 0.0012 mg/kg bw/day DES and 3; 6; or 12 mg/kg bw/day KTZ in the main study. We observed endocrine disrupting effects on sensitive endpoints in male offspring: both DES and KTZ shortened anogenital distance and increased nipple retention. In female offspring, 0.0012 mg/kg bw/day DES caused slightly longer anogenital distance. We did not see effects on puberty onset when comparing average day of vaginal opening; however, we saw a subtle delay after exposure to both chemicals using a time-curve analysis. No effects on estrous cycle were registered. Our study shows a need for more sensitive test methods to protect the reproductive health of girls and women from harmful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K L Johansson
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Monica Kam Draskau
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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11
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Hoving HJT, Neitzel P, Hauss H, Christiansen S, Kiko R, Robison BH, Silva P, Körtzinger A. In situ observations show vertical community structure of pelagic fauna in the eastern tropical North Atlantic off Cape Verde. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21798. [PMID: 33311534 PMCID: PMC7733502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Distribution patterns of fragile gelatinous fauna in the open ocean remain scarcely documented. Using epi-and mesopelagic video transects in the eastern tropical North Atlantic, which features a mild but intensifying midwater oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), we established one of the first regional observations of diversity and abundance of large gelatinous zooplankton. We quantified the day and night vertical distribution of 46 taxa in relation to environmental conditions. While distribution may be driven by multiple factors, abundance peaks of individual taxa were observed in the OMZ core, both above and below the OMZ, only above, or only below the OMZ whereas some taxa did not have an obvious distribution pattern. In the eastern eropical North Atlantic, OMZ expansion in the course of global climate change may detrimentally impact taxa that avoid low oxygen concentrations (Beroe, doliolids), but favour taxa that occur in the OMZ (Lilyopsis, phaeodarians, Cydippida, Colobonema, Haliscera conica and Halitrephes) as their habitat volume might increase. While future efforts need to focus on physiology and taxonomy of pelagic fauna in the study region, our study presents biodiversity and distribution data for the regional epi- and mesopelagic zones of Cape Verde providing a regional baseline to monitor how climate change may impact the largest habitat on the planet, the deep pelagic realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J T Hoving
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - P Neitzel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - H Hauss
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Christiansen
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Kiko
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Laboratoire dOcéanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - B H Robison
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Sandholtroad 7700, Moss Landing, USA
| | - P Silva
- Ocean Science Centre Mindelo & Instituto do Mar (IMAR), Cova de Inglesa, C.P. 132, Mindelo, São Vicente, Republic of Cabo Verde
| | - A Körtzinger
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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12
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Riedl MA, Maurer M, Bernstein JA, Banerji A, Longhurst HJ, Li HH, Lu P, Hao J, Juethner S, Lumry WR, Hébert J, Ritchie B, Sussman G, Yang WH, Escuriola Ettingshausen C, Magerl M, Martinez‐Saguer I, Maurer M, Staubach P, Zimmer S, Cicardi M, Perego F, Wu MA, Zanichelli A, Al‐Ghazawi A, Shennak M, Zaragoza‐Urdaz RH, Ghurye R, Longhurst HJ, Zinser E, Anderson J, Banerji A, Baptist AP, Bernstein JA, Boggs PB, Busse PJ, Christiansen S, Craig T, Davis‐Lorton M, Gierer S, Gower RG, Harris D, Hong DI, Jacobs J, Johnston DT, Levitch ES, Li HH, Lockey RF, Lugar P, Lumry WR, Manning ME, McNeil DL, Melamed I, Mostofi T, Nickel T, Otto WR, Petrov AA, Poarch K, Radojicic C, Rehman SM, Riedl MA, Schwartz LB, Shapiro R, Sher E, Smith AM, Smith TD, Soteres D, Tachdjian R, Wedner HJ, Weinstein ME, Zafra H, Zuraw BL. Lanadelumab demonstrates rapid and sustained prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks. Allergy 2020; 75:2879-2887. [PMID: 32452549 PMCID: PMC7689768 DOI: 10.1111/all.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Lanadelumab demonstrated efficacy in preventing hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks in the phase 3 HELP Study. Objective To assess time to onset of effect and long‐term efficacy of lanadelumab, based on exploratory findings from the HELP Study. Methods Eligible patients with HAE type I/II received lanadelumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (q4wks), 300 mg q4wks, 300 mg q2wks, or placebo. Ad hoc analyses evaluated day 0‐69 findings using a Poisson regression model accounting for overdispersion. Least‐squares mean monthly HAE attack rate for lanadelumab was compared with placebo. Intrapatient comparisons for days 0‐69 versus steady state (days 70‐182) used a paired t test for continuous endpoints or Kappa statistics for categorical endpoints. Results One hundred twenty‐five patients were randomized and treated. During days 0‐69, mean monthly attack rate was significantly lower with lanadelumab (0.41‐0.76) vs placebo (2.04), including attacks requiring acute treatment (0.33‐0.61 vs 1.66) and moderate/severe attacks (0.31‐0.48 vs 1.33, all P ≤ .001). More patients receiving lanadelumab vs placebo were attack free (37.9%‐48.1% vs 7.3%) and responders (85.7%‐100% vs 26.8%). During steady state, the efficacy of lanadelumab vs placebo was similar or improved vs days 0‐69. Intrapatient differences were significant with lanadelumab 300 mg q4wks for select outcomes. Lanadelumab efficacy was durable—HAE attack rate was consistently lower vs placebo, from the first 2 weeks of treatment through study end. Treatment emergent adverse events were comparable during days 0‐69 and 70‐182. Conclusion Protection with lanadelumab started from the first dose and continued throughout the entire study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Riedl
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology University of California, San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Division of Immunology/Allergy Section Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
- Bernstein Clinical Research Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Aleena Banerji
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Hilary J. Longhurst
- Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge and University College London Hospitals London UK
| | - H. Henry Li
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy, P.C. Chevy Chase MD USA
| | - Peng Lu
- Shire, a Takeda company Lexington MA USA
| | - James Hao
- Shire, a Takeda company Lexington MA USA
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13
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Scholze M, Taxvig C, Kortenkamp A, Boberg J, Christiansen S, Svingen T, Lauschke K, Frandsen H, Ermler S, Hermann SS, Pedersen M, Lykkeberg AK, Axelstad M, Vinggaard AM. Quantitative in Vitro to in Vivo Extrapolation (QIVIVE) for Predicting Reduced Anogenital Distance Produced by Anti-Androgenic Pesticides in a Rodent Model for Male Reproductive Disorders. Environ Health Perspect 2020; 128:117005. [PMID: 33236927 PMCID: PMC7687371 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pesticides can antagonize the androgen receptor (AR) or inhibit androgen synthesis in vitro but their potential to cause reproductive toxicity related to disruption of androgen action during fetal life is difficult to predict. Currently no approaches for using in vitro data to anticipate such in vivo effects exist. Prioritization schemes that limit unnecessary in vivo testing are urgently needed. OBJECTIVES The aim was to develop a quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) approach for predicting in vivo anti-androgenicity arising from gestational exposures and manifesting as a shortened anogenital distance (AGD) in male rats. METHODS We built a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBK) model to simulate concentrations of chemicals in the fetus resulting from maternal dosing. The predicted fetal levels were compared with analytically determined concentrations, and these were judged against in vitro active concentrations for AR antagonism and androgen synthesis suppression. RESULTS We first evaluated our model by using in vitro and in vivo anti-androgenic data for procymidone, vinclozolin, and linuron. Our PBK model described the measured fetal concentrations of parent compounds and metabolites quite accurately (within a factor of five). We applied the model to nine current-use pesticides, all with in vitro evidence for anti-androgenicity but missing in vivo data. Seven pesticides (fludioxonil, cyprodinil, dimethomorph, imazalil, quinoxyfen, fenhexamid, o-phenylphenol) were predicted to produce a shortened AGD in male pups, whereas two (λ-cyhalothrin, pyrimethanil) were anticipated to be inactive. We tested these expectations for fludioxonil, cyprodinil, and dimethomorph and observed shortened AGD in male pups after gestational exposure. The measured fetal concentrations agreed well with PBK-modeled predictions. DISCUSSION Our QIVIVE model newly identified fludioxonil, cyprodinil, and dimethomorph as in vivo anti-androgens. With the examples investigated, our approach shows great promise for predicting in vivo anti-androgenicity (i.e., AGD shortening) for chemicals with in vitro activity and for minimizing unnecessary in vivo testing. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scholze
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karin Lauschke
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Frandsen
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sibylle Ermler
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Susan Strange Hermann
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Pedersen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Kruse Lykkeberg
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Christiansen S, Axelstad M, Scholze M, Johansson HKL, Hass U, Mandrup K, Frandsen HL, Frederiksen H, Isling LK, Boberg J. Grouping of endocrine disrupting chemicals for mixture risk assessment - Evidence from a rat study. Environ Int 2020; 142:105870. [PMID: 32593051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals may contribute to the rising incidence of hormone-related diseases in humans. Real-life mixtures are complex, comprised of chemicals with mixed modes of action, and essential knowledge is often lacking on how to group such chemicals into cumulative assessment groups, which is an essential prerequisite to conduct a chemical mixture risk assessment. We investigated if mixtures of chemicals with diverse endocrine modes of action can cause mixture effects on hormone sensitive endpoints in developing and adult rat offspring after perinatal exposure. Wistar rats were exposed during pregnancy and lactation simultaneously to either bisphenol A and butylparaben (Emix), diethylhexyl phthalate and procymidone (Amix), or a mixture of all four substances (Totalmix). In male offspring, the anogenital distance was significantly reduced and nipple retention increased in animals exposed to Amix and Totalmix, and the mixture effects were well approximated by the dose addition model. The combination of Amix and Emix responded with more marked changes on these and other endocrine-sensitive endpoints than each binary mixture on its own. Sperm counts were reduced by all exposures. These experimental outcomes suggest that the grouping of chemicals for mixture risk assessment should be based on common health outcomes rather than only similar modes or mechanisms of action. Mechanistic-based approaches such as the concept of Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) can provide important guidance if both the information on shared target tissues and the information on shared mode/mechanism of action are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Martin Scholze
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Quad North, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Hanna K L Johansson
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Karen Mandrup
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lauritz Frandsen
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Krag Isling
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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15
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van Duursen MBM, Boberg J, Christiansen S, Connolly L, Damdimopoulou P, Filis P, Fowler PA, Gadella BM, Holte J, Jääger K, Johansson HKL, Li T, Mazaud-Guittot S, Parent AS, Salumets A, Soto AM, Svingen T, Velthut-Meikas A, Bay Wedebye E, Xie Y, van den Berg M. Safeguarding Female Reproductive Health against Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-The FREIA Project. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3215. [PMID: 32370092 PMCID: PMC7246859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available test methods are not well-suited for the identification of chemicals that disturb hormonal processes involved in female reproductive development and function. This renders women's reproductive health at increasing risk globally, which, coupled with increasing incidence rates of reproductive disorders, is of great concern. A woman's reproductive health is largely established during embryonic and fetal development and subsequently matures during puberty. The endocrine system influences development, maturation, and function of the female reproductive system, thereby making appropriate hormone levels imperative for correct functioning of reproductive processes. It is concerning that the effects of human-made chemicals on the endocrine system and female reproductive health are poorly addressed in regulatory chemical safety assessment, partly because adequate test methods are lacking. Our EU-funded project FREIA aims to address this need by increasing understanding of how endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can impact female reproductive health. We will use this information to provide better test methods that enable fit-for-purpose chemical regulation and then share our knowledge, promote a sustainable society, and improve the reproductive health of women globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majorie B. M. van Duursen
- Department Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Boberg
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK; (L.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB23 8ZD, UK; (P.F.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Paul A. Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB23 8ZD, UK; (P.F.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Bart M. Gadella
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.M.G.); (M.v.d.B.)
| | - Jan Holte
- Carl von Linné Clinic, Uppsala Science Park, S-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Kersti Jääger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu and Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Teaduspargi 13, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Hanna K. L. Johansson
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Tianyi Li
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Belgium.1, Avenue de l’hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu and Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Teaduspargi 13, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana M. Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 0211, USA;
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Agne Velthut-Meikas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Eva Bay Wedebye
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.B.); (S.C.); (H.K.L.J.); (T.S.); (E.B.W.)
| | - Yuling Xie
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK; (L.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.M.G.); (M.v.d.B.)
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16
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Kortenkamp A, Axelstad M, Baig AH, Bergman Å, Bornehag CG, Cenijn P, Christiansen S, Demeneix B, Derakhshan A, Fini JB, Frädrich C, Hamers T, Hellwig L, Köhrle J, Korevaar TI, Lindberg J, Martin O, Meima ME, Mergenthaler P, Nikolov N, Du Pasquier D, Peeters RP, Platzack B, Ramhøj L, Remaud S, Renko K, Scholze M, Stachelscheid H, Svingen T, Wagenaars F, Wedebye EB, Zoeller RT. Removing Critical Gaps in Chemical Test Methods by Developing New Assays for the Identification of Thyroid Hormone System-Disrupting Chemicals-The ATHENA Project. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3123. [PMID: 32354186 PMCID: PMC7247692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The test methods that currently exist for the identification of thyroid hormone system-disrupting chemicals are woefully inadequate. There are currently no internationally validated in vitro assays, and test methods that can capture the consequences of diminished or enhanced thyroid hormone action on the developing brain are missing entirely. These gaps put the public at risk and risk assessors in a difficult position. Decisions about the status of chemicals as thyroid hormone system disruptors currently are based on inadequate toxicity data. The ATHENA project (Assays for the identification of Thyroid Hormone axis-disrupting chemicals: Elaborating Novel Assessment strategies) has been conceived to address these gaps. The project will develop new test methods for the disruption of thyroid hormone transport across biological barriers such as the blood-brain and blood-placenta barriers. It will also devise methods for the disruption of the downstream effects on the brain. ATHENA will deliver a testing strategy based on those elements of the thyroid hormone system that, when disrupted, could have the greatest impact on diminished or enhanced thyroid hormone action and therefore should be targeted through effective testing. To further enhance the impact of the ATHENA test method developments, the project will develop concepts for better international collaboration and development in the area of thyroid hormone system disruptor identification and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Marta Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asma H. Baig
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Åke Bergman
- School of Science and Technology, Orebro University, SE-701 82 Orebro, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Cenijn
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, VUA, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS 7, rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Arash Derakhshan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS 7, rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Department of Experimental Endocrinology, Charitė - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hamers
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, VUA, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Hellwig
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-BIH Centrum Therapy and Research, BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Department of Experimental Endocrinology, Charitė - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim I.M. Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Lindberg
- Department of C4hemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Research Institutes Sweden, RISE, SE-151 36 Sodertalje, Sweden
| | - Olwenn Martin
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Marcel E. Meima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Mergenthaler
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, D-10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolai Nikolov
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Robin P. Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Platzack
- Department of C4hemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Research Institutes Sweden, RISE, SE-151 36 Sodertalje, Sweden
| | - Louise Ramhøj
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS 7, rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kostja Renko
- Department of Experimental Endocrinology, Charitė - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Scholze
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité-BIH Centrum Therapy and Research, BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, D-10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fabian Wagenaars
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, VUA, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Bay Wedebye
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R. Thomas Zoeller
- School of Science and Technology, Orebro University, SE-701 82 Orebro, Sweden
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17
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Schwartz CL, Vinggaard AM, Christiansen S, Darde TA, Chalmel F, Svingen T. Distinct Transcriptional Profiles of the Female, Male, and Finasteride-Induced Feminized Male Anogenital Region in Rat Fetuses. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:303-311. [PMID: 30768126 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A short anogenital distance (AGD) in males is a marker for incomplete masculinization and a predictor of adverse effects on male reproductive health. For this reason, AGD is used to assess the endocrine disrupting potential of chemicals for risk assessment purposes. The molecular mechanisms underpinning this chemically induced shortening of the AGD, however, remains unclear. Although it is clear that androgen receptor-mediated signaling is essential, evidence also suggest the involvement of other signaling pathways. This study presents the first global transcriptional profile of the anogenital tissue in male rat fetuses with chemically induced short AGD, also including comparison to normal male and female control animals. The antiandrogenic drug finasteride (10 mg/kg bw/day) was used to induce short AGD by exposing time-mated Sprague Dawley rats at gestation days 7-21. The AGD was 37% shorter in exposed male fetuses compared with control males at gestation day 21. Transcriptomics analysis on anogenital tissues revealed a sexually dimorphic transcriptional profile. More than 350 genes were found to be differentially expressed between the 3 groups. The expression pattern of 4 genes of particular interest (Esr1, Padi2, Wnt2, and Sfrp4) was also tested by RT-qPCR analyses, indicating that estrogen and Wnt2 signaling play a role in the sexually dimorphic development of the anogenital region. Our transcriptomics profiles provide a stepping-stone for future studies aimed at characterizing the molecular events governing development of the anogenital tissues, as well as describing the detailed Adverse Outcome Pathways for short AGD; an accepted biomarker of endocrine effects for chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lindgren Schwartz
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Alain Darde
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Frederic Chalmel
- INSERM, Université de Rennes, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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18
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Draskau MK, Boberg J, Taxvig C, Pedersen M, Frandsen HL, Christiansen S, Svingen T. In vitro and in vivo endocrine disrupting effects of the azole fungicides triticonazole and flusilazole. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113309. [PMID: 31610510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Azoles are effective antifungal agents used in both medicine and agriculture. They typically work by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes, primarily CYP51 of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, thus damaging the fungal cell membrane. However, apart from their desired antifungal properties, several azoles also exhibit endocrine disrupting properties in mammals, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we have tested two currently used agricultural azole fungicides, triticonazole and flusilazole, for their in vitro anti-androgenic activity and potential effects on reproductive parameters. Both fungicides showed strong androgen receptor (AR) antagonism and disruption of steroid biosynthesis in vitro. Following gestational exposure to flusilazole (15 or 45 mg/kg bw/day) or triticonazole (150 or 450 mg/kg bw/day) in time-mated Sprague Dawley rats, triticonazole induced shorter male anogenital distance (AGD). Flusilazole exposure did not affect the AGD, but altered fetal male blood hormone profile, with increased androstenedione and decreased estrone levels. Flusilazole and triticonazole have dissimilar effects on reproductive parameters in vivo, but both show endocrine disrupting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kam Draskau
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Mikael Pedersen
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lauritz Frandsen
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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19
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Abernethy G, Otter D, Arnold K, Austad J, Christiansen S, Ferreira I, Irvine F, Marsh C, Massom LR, Otter D, Pearce K, Stevens J, Szpylka J, Vyas P, Woollard D, Wu C. Determination of Immunoglobulin G in Bovine Colostrum and Milk Powders, and in Dietary Supplements of Bovine Origin by Protein G Affinity Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/93.2.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An AOAC collaborative study was conducted to evaluate an affinity LC procedure for measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG) in selected dairy powders. The powders were extracted with 0.15 M sodium chloride solution and the pH was adjusted to 4.6 to precipitate caseins, which would otherwise lead to an overestimation of IgG. The analyte was then bound to a commercially available Protein G affinity cartridge and selectively eluted with a glycine buffer at pH 2.5. Detection was at 280 nm and quantification was made against a calibration curve prepared from bovine serum IgG. The samples analyzed included the likely matrixes for which this assay will find commercial use, namely, high- and low-protein-content colostrum powders, tablets containing colostrum powder, and some IgG-containing dairy powders; milk protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, and skim milk powder. Eleven laboratories provided data for the study and assayed blind duplicates of six materials. The repeatability RSD values ranged from 2.1 to 4.2 and the reproducibility RSD values ranged from 6.4 to 18.5. The Protein G method with casein removal has adequate reproducibility for measuring IgG in colostrum-derived powders that are traded on the basis of IgG content as a colostral marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Abernethy
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Don Otter
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Dr, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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20
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Zuraw B, Lumry W, Banerji A, Aygoren-Pursun E, Bernstein J, Johnston D, Christiansen S, Riedl M, Cicardi M, Maurer M, Cornpropst M, Dobo S, Iocca H, Nagy E, Murray S, Collis P, Sheridan W. P150 ORAL PROPHYLAXIS WITH BCX7353 REDUCES HAE ATTACK RATES AND IS WELL-TOLERATED: APEX-2 STUDY RESULTS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Riedl M, Lumry W, Banerji A, Aygoren-Pursun E, Bernstein J, Maurer M, Cicardi M, Christiansen S, Zuraw B, Dobo S, Cornpropst M, Iocca H, Nagy E, Murray S, Collis P, Sheridan W, Johnston D. P154 SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF ONCE-DAILY ORAL KALLIKREIN INHIBITOR BCX7353 IN PHASE 3 APEX-2 HAE STUDY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Ramhøj L, Hass U, Boberg J, Scholze M, Christiansen S, Nielsen F, Axelstad M. Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) and a Mixture of Endocrine Disrupters Reduce Thyroxine Levels and Cause Antiandrogenic Effects in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2019. [PMID: 29518214 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental toxicity of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is largely unknown despite widespread environmental contamination and presence in human serum, tissues and milk. To thoroughly investigate PFHxS toxicity in developing rats and to mimic a realistic human exposure situation, we examined a low dose close to human relevant PFHxS exposure, and combined the dose-response studies of PFHxS with a fixed dose of 12 environmentally relevant endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDmix). Two reproductive toxicity studies in time-mated Wistar rats exposed throughout gestation and lactation were performed. Study 1 included control, two doses of PFHxS, and two doses of PFHxS + EDmix (n = 5-7). Study 2 included control, 0.05, 5, or 25 mg/kg body weight/day PFHxS, EDmix-only, 0.05, 5, or 25 mg PFHxS/kg plus EDmix (n = 13-20). PFHxS caused no overt toxicity in dams and offspring but decreased male pup birth weight and slightly increased liver weights at high doses and in combination with the EDmix. A marked effect on T4 levels was seen in both dams and offspring, with significant reductions from 5 mg/kg/day. The EDmix caused antiandrogenic effects in male offspring, manifested as slight decreases in anogenital distance, increased nipple retention and reductions of the weight of epididymides, ventral prostrate, and vesicular seminalis. PFHxS can induce developmental toxicity and in addition results of the co-exposure studies indicated that PFHxS and the EDmix potentiate the effect of each other on various endpoints, despite their different modes of action. Hence, risk assessment may underestimate toxicity when mixture toxicity and background exposures are not taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ramhøj
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Scholze
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Rothkamm K, Rieckmann T, Christiansen S, Brinker A, Stein A, Schumacher U, Frenzel T, Petersen C, Burdak-Rothkamm S. PO-1085 Prolonged trifluridine/tipiracil treatment radiosensitises colorectal cancer cells. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Pappolla A, Sosa-Albacete F, Rugiero M, Christiansen S, Garcia-Rivello H, Miquelini A. [Hypothalamic intravascular B-cell lymphoma in an immunocompetent patient]. Rev Neurol 2019; 68:131-132. [PMID: 30687922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pappolla
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Rugiero
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Christiansen
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - A Miquelini
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Meuret S, Solà Garcia M, Coenen T, Kieft E, Zeijlemaker H, Lätzel M, Christiansen S, Woo SY, Ra YH, Mi Z, Polman A. Complementary cathodoluminescence lifetime imaging configurations in a scanning electron microscope. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 197:28-38. [PMID: 30476703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy provides a powerful way to characterize optical properties of materials with deep-subwavelength spatial resolution. While CL imaging to obtain optical spectra is a well-developed technology, imaging CL lifetimes with nanoscale resolution has only been explored in a few studies. In this paper we compare three different time-resolved CL techniques and compare their characteristics. Two configurations are based on the acquisition of CL decay traces using a pulsed electron beam that is generated either with an ultra-fast beam blanker, which is placed in the electron column, or by photoemission from a laser-driven electron cathode. The third configuration uses measurements of the autocorrelation function g(2) of the CL signal using either a continuous or a pulsed electron beam. The three techniques are compared in terms of complexity of implementation, spatial and temporal resolution, and measurement accuracy as a function of electron dose. A single sample of InGaN/GaN quantum wells is investigated to enable a direct comparison of lifetime measurement characteristics of the three techniques. The g(2)-based method provides decay measurements at the best spatial resolution, as it leaves the electron column configuration unaffected. The pulsed-beam methods provide better detail on the temporal excitation and decay dynamics. The ultra-fast blanker configuration delivers electron pulses as short as 30 ps at 5 keV and 250 ps at 30 keV. The repetition rate can be chosen arbitrarily up to 80 MHz and requires a conjugate plane geometry in the electron column that reduces the spatial resolution in our microscope. The photoemission configuration, pumped with 250 fs 257 nm pulses at a repetition rate from 10 kHz to 25 MHz, allows creation of electron pulses down to a few ps, with some loss in spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meuret
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Solà Garcia
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Coenen
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Delmic BV, Kanaalweg 4, 2628 EB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - E Kieft
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - H Zeijlemaker
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Lätzel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Christiansen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Y Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Y H Ra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Polman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Schwartz CL, Christiansen S, Vinggaard AM, Axelstad M, Hass U, Svingen T. Anogenital distance as a toxicological or clinical marker for fetal androgen action and risk for reproductive disorders. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:253-272. [PMID: 30430187 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Male reproductive development is intricately dependent on fetal androgen action. Consequently, disrupted androgen action during fetal life can interfere with the development of the reproductive system resulting in adverse effects on reproductive function later in life. One biomarker used to evaluate fetal androgen action is the anogenital distance (AGD), the distance between the anus and the external genitalia. A short male AGD is strongly associated with genital malformations at birth and reproductive disorders in adulthood. AGD is therefore used as an effect readout in rodent toxicity studies aimed at testing compounds for endocrine activity and anti-androgenic properties, and in human epidemiological studies to correlate fetal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals to feminization of new-born boys. In this review, we have synthesized current data related to intrauterine exposure to xenobiotics and AGD measurements. We discuss the utility of AGD as a retrospective marker of in utero anti-androgenicity and as a predictive marker for male reproductive disorders, both with respect to human health and rodent toxicity studies. Finally, we highlight four areas that need addressing to fully evaluate AGD as a biomarker in both a regulatory and clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lindgren Schwartz
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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27
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Rugiero M, Bettini M, Silveira F, Sosa Albacete F, Christiansen S. CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES AND MYASTHENIA. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Ågerstrand M, Christiansen S, Hanberg A, Rudén C, Andersson L, Andersen S, Appelgren H, Bjørge C, Clausen IH, Eide DM, Hartmann NB, Husøy T, Halldórsson HP, van der Hagen M, Ingre‐Khans E, Lillicrap AD, Beltoft VM, Mörk A, Murtomaa‐Hautala M, Nielsen E, Ólafsdóttir K, Palomäki J, Papponen H, Reiler EM, Stockmann‐Juvala H, Suutari T, Tyle H, Beronius A. A call for action: Improve reporting of research studies to increase the scientific basis for regulatory decision-making. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:783-785. [PMID: 29297199 PMCID: PMC5901032 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This is a call for action to scientific journals to introduce reporting requirements for toxicity and ecotoxicity studies. Such reporting requirements will support the use of peer-reviewed research studies in regulatory decision-making. Moreover, this could improve the reliability and reproducibility of published studies in general and make better use of the resources spent in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Ågerstrand
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical ChemistryStockholm UniversitySweden
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Annika Hanberg
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetSweden
| | - Christina Rudén
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical ChemistryStockholm UniversitySweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dag Markus Eide
- Department of Toxicology and Risk assessmentNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Nanna B. Hartmann
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Toxicology and Risk assessmentNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | | | | | - Ellen Ingre‐Khans
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical ChemistryStockholm UniversitySweden
| | - Adam David Lillicrap
- Ecotoxicology and Risk AssessmentNorwegian Institute for Water ResearchOsloNorway
| | - Vibe Meister Beltoft
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Mari Murtomaa‐Hautala
- Division of Environmental PermitsRegional State Administrative Agency for Northern FinlandOuluFinland
| | - Elsa Nielsen
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henrik Tyle
- Danish Environmental Protection AgencyCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetSweden
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29
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Axelstad M, Hass U, Scholze M, Christiansen S, Kortenkamp A, Boberg J. EDC IMPACT: Reduced sperm counts in rats exposed to human relevant mixtures of endocrine disrupters. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:139-148. [PMID: 29203468 PMCID: PMC5776667 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human semen quality is declining in many parts of the world, but the causes are ill defined. In rodents, impaired sperm production can be seen with early life exposure to certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals, but the effects of combined exposures are not properly investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of early exposure to the painkiller paracetamol and mixtures of human relevant endocrine-disrupting chemicals in rats. One mixture contained four estrogenic compounds; another contained eight anti-androgenic environmental chemicals and a third mixture contained estrogens, anti-androgens and paracetamol. All exposures were administered by oral gavage to time-mated Wistar dams rats (n = 16-20) throughout gestation and lactation. In the postnatal period, testicular histology was affected by the total mixture, and at the end of weaning, male testis weights were significantly increased by paracetamol and the high doses of the total and the anti-androgenic mixture, compared to controls. In all dose groups, epididymal sperm counts were reduced several months after end of exposure, i.e. at 10 months of age. Interestingly, the same pattern of effects was seen for paracetamol as for mixtures with diverse modes of action. Reduced sperm count was seen at a dose level reflecting human therapeutic exposure to paracetamol. Environmental chemical mixtures affected sperm count at the lowest mixture dose indicating an insufficient margin of safety for the most exposed humans. This causes concern for exposure of pregnant women to paracetamol as well as environmental endocrine disrupters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Axelstad
- Technical University of DenmarkNational Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - U Hass
- Technical University of DenmarkNational Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - S Christiansen
- Technical University of DenmarkNational Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - J Boberg
- Technical University of DenmarkNational Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Saïdi S, Gintzburger G, Gazull L, Wallace J, Christiansen S. A model for locating fodder shrub plantations sites in the Jordanian badiyah. Rangel J 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/rj17129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed a GIS desktop model to accurately locate and map prospective areas for sustainable establishment and production of Atriplex plantations and other fodder shrubs in the desert in the north-eastern Jordanian Badiyah. The aim is to provide a tool to assist managers, local communities and development projects in Mediterranean arid and semi-arid rangelands. The model uses freely available data and GIS layers of current land use, land cover, settlement location, soil information, and derivatives from a digital elevation model to provide critical locations of drainage lines and to calculate Areas of Accumulated Water from concentrated runoff. The model identified, accurately located and mapped ~4500 ha (1.44% of the test zone) as technically appropriate for potential shrub plantations sites. The final site map must be field-checked and validated with the local communities and authorities. Our model has potential for wide application over arid and semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands from Morocco to Pakistan, with local adjustment of our parameters and rules. The model considerably reduces the risk and costs of fodder plantation establishment operations, thus increasing the feasibility of efforts to maximise fodder shrub establishment, survival and production.
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Tessarek C, Rechberger S, Dieker C, Heilmann M, Spiecker E, Christiansen S. Understanding GaN/InGaN core-shell growth towards high quality factor whispering gallery modes from non-polar InGaN quantum wells on GaN rods. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:485601. [PMID: 29105645 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
GaN microrods are used as a basis for subsequent InGaN quantum well (QW) and quantum dot deposition by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. The coverage of the shell along the sidewall of rods is dependent on the rod growth time and a complete coverage is obtained for shorter rod growth times. Transmission electron microscopy measurements are performed to reveal the structural properties of the InGaN layer on the sidewall facet and on the top facet. The presence of layers in the microrod and on the microrod surface will be discussed with respect to GaN and InGaN growth. A detailed model will be presented explaining the formation of multiple SiN layers and the partial and full coverage of the shell around the core. Cathodoluminescence measurements are performed to analyze the InGaN emission properties along the microrod and to study the microresonator properties of such hexagonal core-shell structures. High quality factor whispering gallery modes with [Formula: see text] are reported for the first time in a GaN microrod/InGaN non-polar QW core-shell geometry. The GaN/InGaN core-shell microrods are expected to be promising building blocks for low-threshold laser diodes and ultra-sensitive optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tessarek
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Rugiero M, Bettini M, Araoz M, Genco N, Chaves M, Christiansen S, Rassumoff A. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging in inclusion body myositis: presentation of 16 cases. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pappolla A, Christiansen S, Garcia-Rivello H, Zurru-Ganen MC, Patrucco L, Cristiano E. [Primary lymphoma of the anterior pituitary in an immunocompetent patient]. Rev Neurol 2017; 65:238-239. [PMID: 28849868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pappolla
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Christiansen
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - L Patrucco
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Cristiano
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Niemann A, Christiansen S, Neusser S. Führt das Telemonitoring kardialer Implantate auch zu einem ökonomischen Vorteil für das Gesundheitswesen? Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Neusser
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lehrstuhl für Medizinmanagement, Essen
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Lejonklou MH, Christiansen S, Örberg J, Shen L, Larsson S, Boberg J, Hass U, Lind PM. Low-dose developmental exposure to bisphenol A alters the femoral bone geometry in wistar rats. Chemosphere 2016; 164:339-346. [PMID: 27592323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large volumes for use in manufacturing of consumer products and industrial applications, and an endocrine disruptor known to affect several hormonal systems. Bone produces hormones and is additionally a sensitive hormone target tissue, and is thus potentially sensitive to low doses of endocrine disruptors such as BPA, especially during development. METHODS 110 pregnant Wistar rats were gavaged with 0; 25 μg; 250 μg; 5000 μg or 50,000 μg BPA/kg bodyweight (bw)/day from gestational day 7 until weaning at postnatal day 22. The three-month-old offspring were sacrificed and right femurs collected for length measurements, geometrical measurements by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), as well as for analyses of biomechanical properties using the three-point-bending method. RESULTS The femur was elongated in female offspring of dams exposed to 25 or 5000 μg BPA/kg bw/day (1.8% and 2.1%, respectively), and increased cortical thickness (4.7%) was observed in male offspring of dams exposed to 25 μg BPA/kg bw/day, compared to controls (p < 0.005). The biomechanical properties of the bone were not significantly altered. CONCLUSIONS In utero and lactational exposure to the lowest BPA dose used in this study altered femoral geometry in both male and female offspring. This was observed at 25 μg BPA/kg bw/day, a dose lower than the Human Equivalent Dose (HED) applied by EFSA to set a temporary TDI (609 μg BPA/kg bw/day), and far lower than the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) (5000 μg BPA/kg bw/day) on which the US FDA TDI is based.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Lejonklou
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - S Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - J Örberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Shen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - U Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - P M Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Box 256, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ramhøj L, Axelstad M, Boberg J, Christiansen S, Hass U. Developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption by PFHxS (perfluorohexane sulphonate) in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boberg J, Christiansen S, Axelstad M, Kledal TS, Vinggaard AM, Dalgaard M, Nellemann C, Hass U. Corrigendum to "Reproductive and behavioral effects of diisononyl phthalate (DINP) in perinatally exposed rats" [Reprod. Toxicol. 31 (2) (2011) 200-209]. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63:183-184. [PMID: 27523804 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boberg
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Thuri Seidler Kledal
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Majken Dalgaard
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Christine Nellemann
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hass
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
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Christiansen S. [Outpatient interdisciplinary pain treatment : Combined medical and psychological treatment]. Schmerz 2016; 30:579-582. [PMID: 27422299 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-016-0144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Christiansen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Bereich Schmerzmedizin und Schmerzpsychologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
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Tessarek C, Fladischer S, Dieker C, Sarau G, Hoffmann B, Bashouti M, Göbelt M, Heilmann M, Latzel M, Butzen E, Figge S, Gust A, Höflich K, Feichtner T, Büchele M, Schwarzburg K, Spiecker E, Christiansen S. Self-Catalyzed Growth of Vertically Aligned InN Nanorods by Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy. Nano Lett 2016; 16:3415-3425. [PMID: 27187840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned hexagonal InN nanorods were grown mask-free by conventional metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy without any foreign catalyst. The In droplets on top of the nanorods indicate a self-catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth mode. A systematic study on important growth parameters has been carried out for the optimization of nanorod morphology. The nanorod N-polarity, induced by high temperature nitridation of the sapphire substrate, is necessary to achieve vertical growth. Hydrogen, usually inapplicable during InN growth due to formation of metallic indium, and silane are needed to enhance the aspect ratio and to reduce parasitic deposition beside the nanorods on the sapphire surface. The results reveal many similarities between InN and GaN nanorod growth showing that the process despite the large difference in growth temperature is similar. Transmission electron microscopy, spatially resolved energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy have been performed to analyze the structural properties. Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence investigations are carried out to verify the optical activity of the InN nanorods. The InN nanorods are expected to be the material of choice for high-efficiency hot carrier solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tessarek
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Fladischer
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Dieker
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Sarau
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Hoffmann
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Bashouti
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Göbelt
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Heilmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Latzel
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Butzen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Figge
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen , Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - A Gust
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen , Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - K Höflich
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Feichtner
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Büchele
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Schwarzburg
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Spiecker
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Christiansen
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Boberg J, Axelstad M, Svingen T, Mandrup K, Christiansen S, Vinggaard AM, Hass U. Multiple Endocrine Disrupting Effects in Rats Perinatally Exposed to Butylparaben. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:244-56. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Mandrup K, Boberg J, Isling LK, Christiansen S, Hass U. Low-dose effects of bisphenol A on mammary gland development in rats. Andrology 2016; 4:673-83. [PMID: 27088260 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in food contact materials, toys, and other products. Several studies have indicated that effects observed at doses near human exposure levels may not be observed at higher doses. Many studies have shown effects on mammary glands at low doses of BPA, however, because of small number of animals or few doses investigated these data have not been used by EFSA as point of departure for the newly assessed tolerable daily intake (TDI). We performed a study with perinatal exposure to BPA (0, 0.025, 0.25, 5, and 50 mg/kg bw/day) in rats (n = 22 mated/group). One of the aims was to perform a study robust enough to contribute to the risk assessment of BPA and to elucidate possible biphasic dose-response relationships. We investigated mammary gland effects in the offspring at 22, 100, and 400 days of age. Male offspring showed increased mammary outgrowth on pup day (PD) 22 at 0.025 mg/kg BPA, indicating an increased mammary development at this low dose only. Increased prevalence of intraductal hyperplasia was observed in BPA females exposed to 0.25 mg/kg at PD 400, but not at PD 100, and not at higher or lower doses. The present findings support data from the published literature showing that perinatal exposure to BPA can induce increased mammary growth and proliferative lesions in rodents. Our results indicate that low-dose exposure to BPA can affect mammary gland development in male and female rats, although higher doses show a different pattern of effects. The observed intraductal hyperplasia in female rats could be associated with an increased risk for developing hyperplastic lesions, which are parallels to early signs of breast neoplasia in women. Collectively, current knowledge on effects of BPA on mammary gland at low doses indicates that highly exposed humans may not be sufficiently protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mandrup
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - J Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - L K Isling
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - S Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - U Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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Hass U, Christiansen S, Boberg J, Rasmussen MG, Mandrup K, Axelstad M. Low-dose effect of developmental bisphenol A exposure on sperm count and behaviour in rats. Andrology 2016; 4:594-607. [PMID: 27089241 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A is widely used in food contact materials and other products and is detected in human urine and blood. Bisphenol A may affect reproductive and neurological development; however, opinion of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on bisphenol A (EFSA J, 13, 2015 and 3978) concluded that none of the available studies were robust enough to provide a point of departure for setting a tolerable daily intake for bisphenol A. In the present study, pregnant Wistar rats (n = 17-21) were gavaged from gestation day 7 to pup day 22 with bisphenol A doses of 0, 25 μg, 250 μg, 5 mg or 50 mg/kg bw/day. In the offspring, growth, sexual maturation, weights and histopathology of reproductive organs, oestrus cyclicity and sperm counts were assessed. Neurobehavioural development was investigated using a behavioural testing battery including tests for motor activity, sweet preference, anxiety and spatial learning. Decreased sperm count was found at the lowest bisphenol A dose, that is 25 μg/kg/day, but not at the higher doses. Reproductive organ weight and histology were not affected and no behavioural effects were seen in male offspring. In the female offspring, exposure to 25 μg/kg bw/day bisphenol A dose resulted in increased body weight late in life and altered spatial learning in a Morris water maze, indicating masculinization of the brain. Decreased intake of sweetened water was seen in females from the highest bisphenol A dose group, also a possible sign of masculinization. The other investigated endpoints were not significantly affected. In conclusion, the present study using a robust experimental study design, has shown that developmental exposure to 25 μg/kg bw/day bisphenol A can cause adverse effects on fertility (decreased sperm count), neurodevelopment (masculinization of spatial learning in females) and lead to increased female body weight late in life. These results suggest that the new EFSA temporary tolerable daily intake of 4 μg/kg bw/day is not sufficiently protective with regard to endocrine disrupting effects of bisphenol A in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hass
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - S Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - J Boberg
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - M G Rasmussen
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - K Mandrup
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - M Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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Johansson HKL, Jacobsen PR, Hass U, Svingen T, Vinggaard AM, Isling LK, Axelstad M, Christiansen S, Boberg J. Perinatal exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals reduces female rat follicle reserves and accelerates reproductive aging. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 61:186-94. [PMID: 27049580 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during development can have negative consequences later in life. In this study we investigated the effect of perinatal exposure to mixtures of human relevant EDCs on the female reproductive system. Rat dams were exposed to a mixture of phthalates, pesticides, UV-filters, bisphenol A, butylparaben, as well as paracetamol. The compounds were tested together (Totalmix) or in subgroups with anti-androgenic (AAmix) or estrogenic (Emix) potentials. Paracetamol was tested separately. In pre-pubertal rats, a significant reduction in primordial follicle numbers was seen in AAmix and PM groups, and reduced plasma levels of prolactin was seen in AAmix. In one-year-old animals, the incidence of irregular estrous cycles was higher after Totalmix-exposure and reduced ovary weights were seen in Totalmix, AAmix, and PM groups. These findings resemble premature ovarian insufficiency in humans, and raises concern regarding potential effects of mixtures of EDCs on female reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Pernille Rosenskjold Jacobsen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Louise Krag Isling
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark.
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Hoffmann B, Bashouti MY, Feichtner T, Mačković M, Dieker C, Salaheldin AM, Richter P, Gordan OD, Zahn DRT, Spiecker E, Christiansen S. New insights into colloidal gold flakes: structural investigation, micro-ellipsometry and thinning procedure towards ultrathin monocrystalline layers. Nanoscale 2016; 8:4529-4536. [PMID: 26661036 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-quality fabrication of plasmonic devices often relies on wet-chemically grown ultraflat, presumably single-crystalline gold flakes due to their superior materials properties. However, important details about their intrinsic structure and their optical properties are not well understood yet. In this study, we present a synthesis routine for large flakes with diameters of up to 70 μm and an in-depth investigation of their structural and optical properties. The flakes are precisely analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and micro-ellipsometry. We found new evidence for the existence of twins extending parallel to the Au flake {111} surfaces which have been found to not interfere with the presented nanopatterning. Micro-Ellipsometry was carried out to determine the complex dielectric function and to compare it to previous measurements of bulk single crystalline gold. Finally, we used focused ion beam milling to prepare smooth crystalline layers and high-quality nanostructures with desired thickness down to 10 nm to demonstrate the outstanding properties of the flakes. Our findings support the plasmonics and nano optics community with a better understanding of this material which is ideally suited for superior plasmonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - M Y Bashouti
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - T Feichtner
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany and Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - M Mačković
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Lehrstuhl für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung (WW9) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Department Werkstoffwissenschaften, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Dieker
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Lehrstuhl für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung (WW9) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Department Werkstoffwissenschaften, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A M Salaheldin
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Particle Technology, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Richter
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - O D Gordan
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - D R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - E Spiecker
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Lehrstuhl für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung (WW9) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, Department Werkstoffwissenschaften, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Christiansen
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany and Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Woźniak P, Höflich K, Brönstrup G, Banzer P, Christiansen S, Leuchs G. Unveiling the optical properties of a metamaterial synthesized by electron-beam-induced deposition. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:025705. [PMID: 26629782 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/2/025705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct writing using a focused electron beam allows for fabricating truly three-dimensional structures of sub-wavelength dimensions in the visible spectral regime. The resulting sophisticated geometries are perfectly suited for studying light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. Their overall optical response will strongly depend not only on geometry but also on the optical properties of the deposited material. In the case of the typically used metal-organic precursors, the deposits show a substructure of metallic nanocrystals embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. Since gold-containing precursor media are especially interesting for optical applications, we experimentally determine the effective permittivity of such an effective material. Our experiment is based on spectroscopic measurements of planar deposits. The retrieved permittivity shows a systematic dependence on the gold particle density and cannot be sufficiently described using the common Maxwell-Garnett approach for effective medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Woźniak
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Str.1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Christiansen S, Holbech H, Bjerregaard P, Hass U. Information/testing strategies for identification of substances with endocrine disrupting properties. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jung C, Christiansen S, Heine M, Kaul M, Adam G, Ittrich H. In vivo MRT zur Quantifizierung von Progress und Regress der Atherosklerose in ApoE-/--Mäusen: Ein Vergleich von Volumenbestimmung und T1 Relaxivität mit der en face-Präparation. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1551229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bashouti MY, Manshina A, Povolotckaia A, Povolotskiy A, Kireev A, Petrov Y, Mačković M, Spiecker E, Koshevoy I, Tunik S, Christiansen S. Direct laser writing of μ-chips based on hybrid C-Au-Ag nanoparticles for express analysis of hazardous and biological substances. Lab Chip 2015; 15:1742-1747. [PMID: 25673275 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Micro-chips based on organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) composed of nanoalloys of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) embedded in an amorphous carbonaceous matrix (C-Au-Ag NPs) were prepared directly on a substrate by the laser-induced deposition (for short: LID) method. The C-Au-Ag NPs show a unique plasmon resonance which enhances Raman scattering of analytes, making the μ-chips suitable to detect ultra-low-volumes (10(-12) liter) and concentrations (10(-9) M) of bio-agents and a hazardous compound. These micro-chips constitute a novel, flexible solid-state device that can be used for applications in point-of-care diagnostics, consumer electronics, homeland security and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Bashouti
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen D-91058, Germany.
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Lichtensteiger W, Bassetti-Gaille C, Faass O, Axelstad M, Boberg J, Christiansen S, Rehrauer H, Georgijevic JK, Hass U, Kortenkamp A, Schlumpf M. Differential gene expression patterns in developing sexually dimorphic rat brain regions exposed to antiandrogenic, estrogenic, or complex endocrine disruptor mixtures: glutamatergic synapses as target. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1477-93. [PMID: 25607892 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study addressed the question whether gene expression patterns induced by different mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) administered in a higher dose range, corresponding to 450×, 200×, and 100× high-end human exposure levels, could be characterized in developing brain with respect to endocrine activity of mixture components, and which developmental processes were preferentially targeted. Three EDC mixtures, A-Mix (anti-androgenic mixture) with 8 antiandrogenic chemicals (di-n-butylphthalate, diethylhexylphthalate, vinclozolin, prochloraz, procymidone, linuron, epoxiconazole, and DDE), E-Mix (estrogenic mixture) with 4 estrogenic chemicals (bisphenol A, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, and butylparaben), a complex mixture, AEP-Mix, containing the components of A-Mix and E-Mix plus paracetamol, and paracetamol alone, were administered by oral gavage to rat dams from gestation day 7 until weaning. General developmental endpoints were not affected by EDC mixtures or paracetamol. Gene expression was analyzed on postnatal day 6, during sexual brain differentiation, by exon microarray in medial preoptic area in the high-dose group, and by real-time RT-PCR in medial preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus in all dose groups. Expression patterns were mixture, sex, and region specific. Effects of the analgesic drug paracetamol, which exhibits antiandrogenic activity in peripheral systems, differed from those of A-Mix. All mixtures had a strong, mixture-specific impact on genes encoding for components of excitatory glutamatergic synapses and genes controlling migration and pathfinding of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, as well as genes linked with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders. Because development of glutamatergic synapses is regulated by sex steroids also in hippocampus, this may represent a general target of ECD mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Lichtensteiger
- GREEN Tox and Institute of Anatomy (W.L., C.B.-G., O.F., M.S.), University of Zurich, and Functional Genomics Center Zurich (H.R., J.K.G.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich and University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment (M.A., J.B., S.C., U.H.), Technical University of Denmark, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark; and Institute for the Environment (A.K.), Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
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