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Cerveny D, Cisar P, Brodin T, McCallum ES, Fick J. Environmentally relevant concentration of caffeine-effect on activity and circadian rhythm in wild perch. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54264-54272. [PMID: 35298799 PMCID: PMC9356920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We studied the ecological consequences of widespread caffeine contamination by conducting an experiment focused on changes in the behavioral traits of wild perch (Perca fluviatilis) after waterborne exposure to 10 μg L-1 of caffeine. We monitored fish swimming performance during both light and dark conditions to study the effect of caffeine on fish activity and circadian rhythm, using a novel three-dimensional tracking system that enabled positioning even in complete darkness. All individuals underwent three behavioral trials-before exposure, after 24 h of exposure, and after 5 days of exposure. We did not observe any effect of the given caffeine concentration on fish activity under light or dark conditions. Regardless of caffeine exposure, fish swimming performance was significantly affected by both the light-dark conditions and repeating of behavioral trials. Individuals in both treatments swam significantly more during the light condition and their activity increased with time as follows: before exposure < after 24 h of exposure < after 5 days of exposure. We confirmed that the three-dimensional automated tracking system based on infrared sensors was highly effective for conducting behavioral experiments under completely dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden.
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Cisar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erin S McCallum
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
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Scarlett KR, Lovin LM, Steele WB, Kim S, Brooks BW. Identifying Behavioral Response Profiles of Two Common Larval Fish Models to a Salinity Gradient. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 83:180-192. [PMID: 35976388 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of aquatic systems is an emerging global issue projected to increase in magnitude, frequency, and duration with climate change and landscape modifications. To consider influences of salinity on locomotor activity of common fish models, we examined behavioral response profiles of two species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), across a gradient of sodium chloride. Following each experiment, behavior was recorded with automated tracking software and then behavioral response variables, including locomotor (e.g., distance traveled, number of movements, duration of movements) and photolocomotor changes, were examined at several speed thresholds (bursting, cruising, freezing) to identify potential salinity responses. Zebrafish responses were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced at the highest treatment level (5.78 g/L) for multiple behavioral endpoints during both dark and light phases; however, fathead minnow responses were more variable and not consistently concentration dependent. Future efforts are needed to understand behavioral response profiles in combination with anthropogenic contaminants and natural toxins across the freshwater to marine continuum, considering salinization of inland waters, sea level rise, and transport of anthropogenic contaminants and algal toxins from inland waters to coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall R Scarlett
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Lea M Lovin
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - W Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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3
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Lanthanides Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos Are Correlated to Their Atomic Number. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060336. [PMID: 35736944 PMCID: PMC9227082 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical metallic materials with a broad application in industry and biomedicine. The exponential increase in REEs utilization might elevate the toxicity to aquatic animals if they are released into the water due to uncareful handling. The specific objective of our study is to explore comprehensively the critical factor of a model Lanthanide complex electronic structures for the acute toxicity of REEs based on utilizing zebrafish as a model animal. Based on the 96 h LC50 test, we found that the majority of light REEs display lower LC50 values (4.19–25.17 ppm) than heavy REEs (10.30–41.83 ppm); indicating that they are atomic number dependent. Later, linear regression analyses further show that the average carbon charge on the aromatic ring (aromatic Cavg charge) can be the most significant electronic structural factor responsible for the Lanthanides’ toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Our results confirm a very strong correlation of LC50 to Lanthanide’s atomic numbers (r = 0.72), Milliken charge (r = 0.70), and aromatic Cavg charge (r = −0.85). This most significant correlation suggests a possible toxicity mechanism that the Lanthanide cation’s capability to stably bind to the aromatic ring on the residue of targeted proteins via a covalent chelating bond. Instead, the increasing ionic bond character can reduce REEs’ toxicity. In addition, Lanthanide toxicity was also evaluated by observing the disruption of photo motor response (PMR) activity in zebrafish embryos. Our study provides the first in vivo evidence to demonstrate the correlation between an atomic number of Lanthanide ions and the Lanthanide toxicity to zebrafish embryos.
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Dos Santos JA, Quadra GR, Almeida RM, Soranço L, Lobo H, Rocha VN, Bialetzki A, Reis JL, Roland F, Barros N. Sublethal effects of environmental concentrations of caffeine on a neotropical freshwater fish. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:161-167. [PMID: 34773559 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a contaminant frequently detected in water bodies. Growth trends in both human population and caffeine consumption per capita are expected to exacerbate the occurrence of caffeine in freshwaters. Yet the effects of caffeine on native fish fauna are poorly understood. We exposed larvae of an endemic Neotropical catfish (Rhamdia quelen) to a range of caffeine concentrations for 30 days. We found that larvae exposed to the highest concentration (16 mg L-1) showed skeletal deformations and reduced growth. We further compiled measured environmental concentrations of caffeine in surface freshwater globally and performed a risk assessment. Our analysis points to a low risk to R. quelen and equally sensitive fish species in ~90% of the freshwater ecosystems considered in our analysis. The risk quotient is higher in freshwater ecosystems of South and Central America, where R. quelen is endemic. Although the ecotoxicological risk is currently low in most places, increased caffeine consumption, exacerbated by the lack of sanitation, is expected to increase caffeine concentrations in many parts of the world, posing a threat of sublethal morphological effects to local fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Andreia Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - UFJF, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Laboratorio de Ecologia Aquática/Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle Rabelo Quadra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - UFJF, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Ecologia Aquática/Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Almeida
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Scinences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Laís Soranço
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - UFJF, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Ecologia Aquática/Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Lobo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Novaes Rocha
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Andréa Bialetzki
- Laboratório de Ictioplâncton/Nupélia (Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura)/UEM/ Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco G-80, Maringá, CEP 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA)/Departamento de Biologia/UEM, Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco G-80, Maringá, CEP 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janildo Ludolf Reis
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária - Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fábio Roland
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - UFJF, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Ecologia Aquática/Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathan Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia - UFJF, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Ecologia Aquática/Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Siregar P, Audira G, Feng LY, Lee JH, Santoso F, Yu WH, Lai YH, Li JH, Lin YT, Chen JR, Hsiao CD. Pharmaceutical Assessment Suggests Locomotion Hyperactivity in Zebrafish Triggered by Arecoline Might Be Associated with Multiple Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Activation. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040259. [PMID: 33916832 PMCID: PMC8066688 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Arecoline is one of the nicotinic acid-based alkaloids, which is found in the betel nut. In addition to its function as a muscarinic agonist, arecoline exhibits several adverse effects, such as inducing growth retardation and causing developmental defects in animal embryos, including zebrafish, chicken, and mice. In this study, we aimed to study the potential adverse effects of waterborne arecoline exposure on zebrafish larvae locomotor activity and investigate the possible mechanism of the arecoline effects in zebrafish behavior. The zebrafish behavior analysis, together with molecular docking and the antagonist co-exposure experiment using muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists were conducted. Zebrafish larvae aged 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to different concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm) of arecoline for 30 min and 24 h, respectively, to find out the effect of arecoline in different time exposures. Locomotor activities were measured and quantified at 120 hpf. The results showed that arecoline caused zebrafish larvae locomotor hyperactivities, even at a very low concentration. For the mechanistic study, we conducted a structure-based molecular docking simulation and antagonist co-exposure experiment to explore the potential interactions between arecoline and eight subtypes, namely, M1a, M2a, M2b, M3a, M3b, M4a, M5a, and M5b, of zebrafish endogenous muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Arecoline was predicted to show a strong binding affinity to most of the subtypes. We also discovered that the locomotion hyperactivity phenotypes triggered by arecoline could be rescued by co-incubating it with M1 to M4 mAChR antagonists. Taken together, by a pharmacological approach, we demonstrated that arecoline functions as a highly potent hyperactivity-stimulating compound in zebrafish that is mediated by multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Siregar
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (P.S.); (G.A.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 3020314, Taiwan;
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (P.S.); (G.A.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 3020314, Taiwan;
| | - Ling-Yi Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Substance and Behavior Addiction Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hau Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (W.-H.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Fiorency Santoso
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 3020314, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (W.-H.Y.)
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Jih-Heng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Substance and Behavior Addiction Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (Y.-T.L.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Ying-Ting Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (W.-H.Y.)
- Drug Development & Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (Y.-T.L.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Jung-Ren Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (P.S.); (G.A.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 3020314, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (Y.-T.L.); (C.-D.H.)
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Sandner G, König A, Wallner M, Weghuber J. Alternative model organisms for toxicological fingerprinting of relevant parameters in food and nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5965-5982. [PMID: 33683153 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the field of (food) toxicology, there is a strong trend of replacing animal trials with alternative methods for the assessment of adverse health effects in humans. The replacement of animal trials is not only driven by ethical concerns but also by the number of potential testing substances (food additives, packaging material, contaminants, and toxicants), which is steadily increasing. In vitro 2D cell culture applications in combination with in silico modeling might provide an applicable first response. However, those systems lack accurate predictions of metabolic actions. Thus, alternative in vivo models could fill the gap between cell culture and animal trials. In this review, we highlight relevant studies in the field and spotlight the applicability of alternative models, including C. elegans, D. rerio, Drosophila, HET-CAM and Lab-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sandner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Alice König
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Melanie Wallner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
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Lovin LM, Kim S, Taylor RB, Scarlett KR, Langan LM, Chambliss CK, Chatterjee S, Scott JT, Brooks BW. Differential influences of (±) anatoxin-a on photolocomotor behavior and gene transcription in larval zebrafish and fathead minnows. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:40. [PMID: 34367861 PMCID: PMC8345817 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though anatoxin-a (antx-a) is a globally important cyanobacterial neurotoxin in inland waters, information on sublethal toxicological responses of aquatic organisms is limited. We examined influences of (±) antx-a (11-3490 μg/L) on photolocomotor behavioral responses and gene transcription associated with neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity, in two of the most common alternative vertebrate and fish models, Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow). We selected environmentally relevant treatment levels from probabilistic exposure distributions, employed standardized experimental designs, and analytically verified treatment levels using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Caffeine was examined as a positive control. RESULTS Caffeine influences on fish behavior responses were similar to previous studies. Following exposure to (±) antx-a, no significant photolocomotor effects were observed during light and dark transitions for either species. Though zebrafish behavioral responses profiles were not significantly affected by (±) antx-a at the environmentally relevant treatment levels examined, fathead minnow stimulatory behavior was significantly reduced in the 145-1960 μg/L treatment levels. In addition, no significant changes in transcription of target genes were observed in zebrafish; however, elavl3 and sod1 were upregulated and gst and cyp3a126 were significantly downregulated in fathead minnows. CONCLUSION We observed differential influences of (±) antx-a on swimming behavior and gene transcription in two of the most common larval fish models employed for prospective and retrospective assessment of environmental contaminants and water quality conditions. Sublethal responses of fathead minnows were consistently more sensitive than zebrafish to this neurotoxin at the environmentally relevant concentrations examined. Future studies are needed to understand such interspecies differences, the enantioselective toxicity of this compound, molecular initiation events within adverse outcome pathways, and subsequent individual and population risks for this emerging water quality threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M. Lovin
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | | | | | - Laura M. Langan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | | | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - J. Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Zebrafish Embryonic Exposure to BPAP and Its Relatively Weak Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040103. [PMID: 33202880 PMCID: PMC7712898 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Safe endocrine-disrupting alternatives for bisphenol A (BPA) are needed because its adverse health effects have become a public concern. Some bisphenol analogues (bisphenol F and S) have been applied, but their endocrine-disrupting potential is either not negligible or weaker than that of BPA. However, the endocrine-disrupting potential of bisphenol AP (BPAP), another BPA alternative, has not yet been fully assessed. Hence, we evaluated the thyroid hormone (TH)-disrupting potency of BPAP because THs are essential endocrine hormones. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to BPAP (0, 18.2, 43.4, or 105.9 μg/L) for 120 h, and TH levels, the transcription of 16 TH-related genes, the transcriptome, development, and behavior were evaluated. In our study, a decrease in T4 level was observed only at the maximum nonlethal concentration, but significant changes in the T3 and TSHβ levels were not detected. BPAP did not cause significant changes in transcription and gene ontology enrichment related to the TH system. Developmental and behavioral changes were not observed. Despite T4 level reduction, other markers were not significantly affected by BPAP. These might indicate that BPAP has weak or negligible potency regarding TH disruption as a BPA alternative. This study might provide novel information on the TH-disrupting potential of BPAP.
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9
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Golla A, Østby H, Kermen F. Chronic unpredictable stress induces anxiety-like behaviors in young zebrafish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10339. [PMID: 32587370 PMCID: PMC7316714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress during early life affects subsequent behaviors and increases the vulnerability to adult pathologies, a phenomenon that has been well documented in humans and rodents. In this study, we introduce a chronic unpredictable stress protocol adapted to young zebrafish, which is an increasingly popular vertebrate model in neuroscience research. We exposed zebrafish to a series of intermittent and unpredictable mild stressors from day 10 to 17 post-fertilization. The stressed fish showed a reduced exploration of a novel environment one day post-stress and an increased responsiveness to dark-light transition two days post-stress, indicative of heightened anxiety-related behaviors. The stress-induced decrease in exploration lasted for at least three days and returned to control levels within one week. Moreover, stressed fish were on average 8% smaller than their control siblings two days post-stress and returned to control levels within one week. All together, our results demonstrate that young zebrafish exposed to chronic unpredictable stress develop growth and behavioral alterations akin to those observed in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Golla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Østby
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Florence Kermen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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10
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Hill BN, Saari GN, Steele WB, Corrales J, Brooks BW. Nutrients and salinity influence Prymnesium parvum (UTEX LB 2797) elicited sublethal toxicity in Pimephales promelas and Danio rerio. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 93:101795. [PMID: 32307075 PMCID: PMC8166212 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude, frequency, and duration of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing worldwide, primarily due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. Prymnesium parvum is a euryhaline and eurythermal HAB forming species that has expanded throughout North America, resulting in massive fish kills. Previous aquatic ecology and toxicology efforts supported an understanding of conditions resulting in P. parvum HABs and fish kills; however, the primary endpoint selected for these studies was acute mortality. Whether adverse sublethal responses to P. parvum occur in fish are largely unknown. To begin to address this question, molecular and biochemical oxidative stress (OS) biomarker responses and photomotor behavioral alterations were investigated in two common fish models, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Varying nutrient and salinity conditions influenced P. parvum related OS biomarkers and fish behavioral responses in zebrafish and fathead minnows, which were heightened by nonoptimal conditions for P. parvum growth. Such sublethal observations present important considerations for future aquatic assessments and management of P. parvum HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgett N Hill
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - W Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States.
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Steele WB, Kristofco LA, Corrales J, Saari GN, Corcoran EJ, Hill BN, Mills MG, Gallagher E, Kavanagh TJ, Melnikov F, Zimmerman JB, Voutchkova-Kostal A, Anastas PT, Kostal J, Brooks BW. Toward Less Hazardous Industrial Compounds: Coupling Quantum Mechanical Computations, Biomarker Responses, and Behavioral Profiles To Identify Bioactivity of S N2 Electrophiles in Alternative Vertebrate Models. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:367-380. [PMID: 31789507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable molecular design of less hazardous chemicals promises to reduce risks to public health and the environment. Computational chemistry modeling coupled with alternative toxicology models (e.g., larval fish) present unique high-throughput opportunities to understand structural characteristics eliciting adverse outcomes. Numerous environmental contaminants with reactive properties can elicit oxidative stress, an important toxicological response associated with diverse adverse outcomes (i.e., cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, etc.). We examined a common chemical mechanism (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2)) associated with oxidative stress using property-based computational modeling coupled with acute (mortality) and sublethal (glutathione, photomotor behavior) responses in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) models to identify whether relationships exist among biological responses and molecular attributes of industrial chemicals. Following standardized methods, embryonic zebrafish and larval fathead minnows were exposed separately to eight different SN2 compounds for 96 h. Acute and sublethal responses were compared to computationally derived in silico chemical descriptors. Specifically, frontier molecular orbital energies were significantly related to acute LC50 values and photomotor response (PMR) no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) in both fathead minnow and zebrafish. This reactivity index, LC50 values, and PMR NOECs were also significantly related to whole body glutathione (GSH) levels, suggesting that acute and chronic toxicity results from protein adduct formation for SN2 electrophiles. Shared refractory locomotor response patterns among study compounds and two alternative vertebrate models appear informative of electrophilic properties associated with oxidative stress for SN2 chemicals. Electrophilic parameters derived from frontier molecular orbitals were predictive of experimental in vivo acute and sublethal toxicity. These observations provide important implications for identifying and designing less hazardous industrial chemicals with reduced potential to elicit oxidative stress through bimolecular nucleophilic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States.,Institute of Biomedical Studies , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Lauren A Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Eric J Corcoran
- George Washington University , Washington , District of Columbia 20052 , United States
| | - Bridgett N Hill
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Margaret G Mills
- University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Evan Gallagher
- University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | | | - Fjodor Melnikov
- Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | | | | | - Paul T Anastas
- Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Jakub Kostal
- George Washington University , Washington , District of Columbia 20052 , United States
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States.,Institute of Biomedical Studies , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
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Saari GN, Corrales J, Haddad SP, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW. Influence of Diltiazem on Fathead Minnows Across Dissolved Oxygen Gradients. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2835-2850. [PMID: 30055012 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Water resources in many arid to semi-arid regions are stressed by population growth and drought. Growing populations and climatic changes are influencing contaminant and water chemistry dynamics in urban inland waters, where flows can be dominated by, or even dependent on, wastewater effluent discharge. In these watersheds, interacting stressors such as dissolved oxygen and environmental contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals) have the potential to affect fish physiology and populations. Recent field observations from our group identified the calcium channel blocker (CCB) diltiazem in fish plasma exceeding human therapeutic doses (e.g., Cmin ) in aquatic systems impaired because of nonattainment of dissolved oxygen water quality standards. Therefore our study objectives examined: 1) standard acute and chronic effects of dissolved oxygen and diltiazem to fish, 2) influences of dissolved oxygen at criteria levels deemed protective of aquatic life on diltiazem toxicity to fish, and 3) whether sublethal effects occur at diltiazem water concentrations predicted to cause a human therapeutic level (therapeutic hazard value [THV]) in fish plasma. Dissolved oxygen × diltiazem co-exposures significantly decreased survival at typical stream, lake, and reservoir water quality standards of 5.0 and 3.0 mg dissolved oxygen/L. Dissolved oxygen and diltiazem growth effects were observed at 2 times and 10 times lower than median lethal concentration (LC50) values (1.7 and 28.2 mg/L, respectively). Larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) swimming behavior following low dissolved oxygen and diltiazem exposure generally decreased and was significantly reduced in light-to-dark bursting distance traveled, number of movements, and duration at concentrations as low as the THV. Individual and population level consequences of such responses are not yet understood, particularly in older organisms or other species; however, these findings suggest that assessments with pharmaceuticals and other cardioactive contaminants may underestimate adverse outcomes in fish across dissolved oxygen levels considered protective of aquatic life. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2835-2850. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Samuel P Haddad
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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13
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Steele WB, Kristofco LA, Corrales J, Saari GN, Haddad SP, Gallagher EP, Kavanagh TJ, Kostal J, Zimmerman JB, Voutchkova-Kostal A, Anastas P, Brooks BW. Comparative behavioral toxicology with two common larval fish models: Exploring relationships among modes of action and locomotor responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1587-1600. [PMID: 30021323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral responses inform toxicology studies by rapidly and sensitively detecting molecular initiation events that propagate to physiological changes in individuals. These behavioral responses can be unique to chemical specific mechanisms and modes of action (MOA) and thus present diagnostic utility. In an initial effort to explore the use of larval fish behavioral response patterns in screening environmental contaminants for toxicity and to identify behavioral responses associated with common chemical specific MOAs, we employed the two most common fish models, the zebrafish and the fathead minnow, to define toxicant induced swimming activity alterations during interchanging photoperiods. Though the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is a common model for aquatic toxicology research and regulatory toxicology practice, this model has received little attention in behavioral studies compared to the zebrafish, a common biomedical model. We specifically compared behavioral responses among 7 different chemicals (1-heptanol, phenol, R-(-)-carvone, citalopram, diazinon, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and xylazine) that were selected and classified based on anticipated MOA (nonpolar narcosis, polar narcosis, electrophile, specific mechanism) according to traditional approaches to examine whether these comparative responses differ among chemicals with various structure-based predicted toxicity. Following standardized experimental guidelines, zebrafish embryos and fathead minnow larvae were exposed for 96 h to each compound then were observed using digital behavioral analysis. Behavioral observations included photomotor responses, distance traveled, and stimulatory, refractory and cruising locomotor activity. Though fathead minnow larvae displayed greater behavioral sensitivity to 1-heptanol, phenol and citalopram, zebrafish were more sensitive to diazinon and R-(-)-carvone. Both fish models were equally sensitive to xylazine and PTZ. Further, the pharmaceuticals citalopram and xylazine significantly affected behavior at therapeutic hazard values, and each of the seven chemicals elicited unique behavioral response profiles. Larval fish behaviors appear useful as early tier diagnostics to identify mechanisms and pathways associated with diverse biological activities for chemicals lacking mechanistic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Lauren A Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Samuel P Haddad
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Jakub Kostal
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA.
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