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Kuo CL, Hsin-Hsien Yeh S, Chang TM, I-Chin Wei A, Chen WJ, Chu HF, Tseng AL, Lin PL, Lin ZC, Peng KT, Liu JF. Bacillus coagulans BACO-17 ameliorates in vitro and in vivo progression of Rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112863. [PMID: 39146779 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes persistent inflammation involving the joints, cartilage, and synovium. In individuals with RA, alterations in the composition of intestinal bacteria suggest the vital role of gut microbiota in immune dysfunction. Multiple therapies commonly used to treat RA can also alter the diversity of gut microbiota, further suggesting the modulation of gut microbiota as a prevention or treatment for RA. Therefore, a better understanding of the changes in the gut microbiota that accompany RA should facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, B. coagulans BACO-17 not only significantly reduced paw swelling, arthritis scores, and hind paw and forepaw thicknesses but also protected articular cartilage and the synovium against RA degeneration, with a corresponding downregulation of TNF-α expression. The inhibition or even reversing of RA progression highlights B. coagulans BACO-17 as a novel therapeutic for RA worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Skye Hsin-Hsien Yeh
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Augusta I-Chin Wei
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Management, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Chu
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Lun Tseng
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Lin Lin
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ti Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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A AJ, Suresh A. Oral microbial shift induced by probiotic Bacillus coagualans along with its clinical perspectives. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:398-402. [PMID: 37124834 PMCID: PMC10131115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
When used in adequate amounts, Probiotics are considered to beneficially affect host health in many respects. Bacillus coagulans, with its probiotic characteristics, has recently attracted the attention of many researchers and food manufacturers due to its high tolerance in extreme environments because of its spore-forming nature. Several beneficial effects of B. coagulans have been estimated as it exhibits properties of both the genera Bacillus as well as Lactobacillus. Recent literature has proven that B. coagulans has therapeutic effects on intestinal diseases including acute diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic-related diarrhea, constipation, and colitis via modulation of the microbial composition, host immunity, and general metabolism. Due to the evidence supporting various probiotic effects of B. coagulans, the administration of many B. coagulans strains has been studied in the prevention and management of several oral diseases and conditions. The current review summarizes the probiotic characteristics and clinical, microbiological changes associated with the application of B. coagulans in oral health and diseases along with its future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Jebin A
- Department of Periodontics, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aparnna Suresh
- Umm Al Quwain Specialised Dental Center, Emirates Health Services-Ministry of Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Draft Genome Sequence of Weizmannia coagulans MB BCM9, a Stable Spore-Forming Probiotic. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0121222. [PMID: 36728433 PMCID: PMC10019215 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01212-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Weizmannia coagulans MB BCM9 (MTCC 25157) is a safe probiotic strain. Here, we announce a fully assembled draft genome sequence consisting of 3,450,803 bp, with 139 contigs. A total of 3,377 protein-coding genes, 15 rRNAs, 80 tRNAs, 5 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and 107 pseudogenes were identified from this assembly.
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4
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Cho E, Kim JY, Cho B, Lee JS, Yoon YC, Shin YC, Kim H, Gil S, Kim S. Efficacy of fermented grain using Bacillus coagulans in reducing visceral fat among people with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1148512. [PMID: 37139448 PMCID: PMC10149940 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1148512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a socioeconomic problem, and visceral obesity, in particular, is related to cardiovascular diseases or metabolic syndrome. Fermented grains and various microorganisms are known to help with anti-obesity effects and weight management. Studies on the relationship between Bacillus coagulans and anti-obesity effects are not well known, and studies on the application of fermented grains and microorganisms to the human body are also insufficient. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Curezyme-LAC, an ingredient mixed with six-grain types fermented by B. coagulans, in reducing fat mass in adults with obesity. Methods In this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study, 100 participants [aged 40-65 years; body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 to ≤ 33 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to two groups: 4 g/day Curezyme-LAC administered as a granulated powder or placebo (steamed grain powder mixture). Results After 12 weeks, visceral adipose tissue decreased significantly in the Curezyme-LAC group compared with that in the placebo group (mean ± standard error, SE of -9.3 cm2 ± 5.1) vs. (6.8 cm2 ± 3.4; p = 0.008). Compared to the placebo group, the Curezyme-LAC group also showed significant reductions in total fat mass (-0.43 ± 0.24 kg vs. 0.31 ± 0.19 kg, p = 0.011), body weight (-0.4 ± 0.3 kg vs. 0.3 ± 0.2 kg, p = 0.021), BMI (-0.14 ± 0.12 vs. 0.10 ± 0.07, p = 0.028), and waist circumference (-0.6 ± 0.2 cm vs. -0.1 ± 0.2 cm, p = 0.018) without a change in dietary intake and physical activity. Conclusion Curezyme-LAC supplementation for 12 weeks may benefit individuals with obesity by reducing visceral fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbyul Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Ju Young Kim,
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Belong Cho,
| | | | | | | | - Hyerim Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Siye Gil
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohye Kim
- Nutrition Care Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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Sreenadh M, Kumar KR, Nath S. In Vitro Evaluation of Weizmannia coagulans Strain LMG S-31876 Isolated from Fermented Rice for Potential Probiotic Properties, Safety Assessment and Technological Properties. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091388. [PMID: 36143423 PMCID: PMC9504688 DOI: 10.3390/life12091388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Weizmanniacoagulans strain LMG S-31876, isolated from fermented rice, is Gram-positive bacilli, a spore-forming, motile, and facultative anaerobe, with an optimum temperature requirement of 40 °C. The strain is able to tolerate acidic gastric juice, bile, and pancreatin. It is non-virulent and exhibits sensitivity to most of the tested antibiotics. The strain shows antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. The 16S rDNA gene sequence of W.coagulans strain LMG S-31876 has been submitted to NCBI–GenBank, archiving accession number MZ687045. The strain has also been deposited to BCCM/LMG and MTCC-IDA with reference numbers LMG S-31876 and MTCC 25396, respectively. Abstract Bacillus coagulans, which has been taxonomically reclassified as Weizmannia coagulans, has been the focus of research due to its wide distribution in fermented foods, probiotic properties, and tolerance to extreme environments. The purpose of this study was to characterise putative probiotic bacteria in a fermented rice sample, followed by an in vitro screening of presumptive probiotic properties and a safety assessment to ensure their safety for human consumption. The predominant isolate was Gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase-positive, spore-forming, motile, and facultatively anaerobic. The biochemical test and 16S rDNA sequencing identify the isolate as Weizmannia coagulans strain LMG S-31876. The strain showed significant viability in acidic gastric juice, pancreatin, and bile. The strain showed tolerance to 5% NaCl, and a low-to-moderate percentage of hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation was recorded. It met all safety criteria, including haemolytic activity, DNase activity, antibiotic sensitivity, and growth inhibition of other bacteria. Evaluation of its technological properties showed positive results for amylolytic and lipolytic activities; however, negative results were obtained for proteolytic activity. It could be concluded from the gathered data that W. coagulans strain LMG S-31876 isolated from fermented rice, might serve as a potential functional probiotic food. However, extended follow-up durations and larger-scale trials by assessing the therapeutic effects in managing various clinical gastrointestinal conditions are required to warranty such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madapati Sreenadh
- Abode Biotec India Private Limited, MLA Colony, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500033, Telangana, India
| | - Kallur Ranjith Kumar
- Abode Biotec India Private Limited, MLA Colony, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500033, Telangana, India
| | - Soumitra Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar 788004, Assam, India
- Correspondence:
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The effect of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 supplementation on plasma amino acid levels and muscle strength in resistance trained males consuming whey protein: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2673-2685. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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The Antiviral Potential of Probiotics—A Review on Scientific Outcomes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A rich repertoire of research studies on probiotics has been documented as one of the therapeutic agents or adjuvants for vaccines in treating viral infections. It is well known that the immunomodulatory properties of probiotics reduce the severity of viral infections. The efficacy of probiotics alone and combined boost up the host’s innate immunity, thereby developing a robust antiviral paradigm. As dietary and therapeutic measures, probiotics potentially work as an alternative for those who lack access to vaccines or antiviral drugs. Potential probiotic mechanisms include competing with pathogens for nutrients and colonization sites, producing antimicrobial metabolites and enhancing protective immune responses. The live probiotics can reach and colonize the host animals’ intestines then confer the health benefits by improving the host’s natural defence against viral infections. The research studies on probiotics suggest that they reduce the risk of viral infections, yet the innermost mechanisms are still unknown. The reason for scripting this review is to discuss the current developments in probiotic therapeutic measures and their probable insights into antiviral agents.
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Lavrentev FV, Ashikhmina MS, Ulasevich SA, Morozova OV, Orlova OY, Skorb EV, Iakovchenko NV. Perspectives of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 in the production of fermented dairy products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Gut microbiota is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of (S)-norketamine in an inflammation model of depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 207:173226. [PMID: 34217782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The non-competitive glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, (R, S)-ketamine (ketamine), is known to exert rapid and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects. However, the widely use of ketamine is restricted owing to severe psychotomimetic side-effects and abuse liability. Very recently, we demonstrated that a major metabolite of ketamine, norketamine, in particular the (S)-enantiomer, had a potent antidepressant-like effect. We here examined the effects of a low-dose of norketamine enantiomers on depression symptoms and detected the changes in the composition of gut microbiota. In the behavioral tests, (S)-norketamine, but not (R)-norketamine, showed antidepressant-like effects in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice. At the genus level, (S)-norketamine, but not (R)-norketamine, significantly attenuated the increase in the levels of Escherichia-Shigella and Adlercreutzia, as well as the reduction in the levels of Harryflintia. At the species level, both (S)-norketamine and (R)-norketamine significantly attenuated the increase in the levels of bacterium ic1379 and Bacteroides sp. Marseille-P3166. Notably, (S)-norketamine was more potent than (R)-norketamine at reducing the levels of bacterium ic1379 and Bacteroides sp. Marseille-P3166. Furthermore, (S)-norketamine, but not (R)-norketamine, significantly attenuated the increased levels of Bacteroides caecigallinarum. In conclusion, this study suggests that the antidepressant-like effects of (S)-norketamine might be associated with the changes in the composition of gut microbiota. Therapeutic strategies improving the gut microbiota might facilitate the benefits for depression treatment.
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10
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Heidari Z, Tajbakhsh A, Gheibi-Hayat SM, Moattari A, Razban V, Berenjian A, Savardashtaki A, Negahdaripour M. Probiotics/ prebiotics in viral respiratory infections: implication for emerging pathogens. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:112-136. [PMID: 33874878 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210419103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral respiratory infections could result in perturbation of the gut microbiota due to a probable cross-talk between lungs and gut microbiota. This can affect the pulmonary health and the gastrointestinal system. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to discuss the impact of probiotics/ prebiotics and supplements on the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, especially emerging pathogens. METHODS The data were searched were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and The Lens-Patent using keywords of probiotics and viral respiratory infections in the title, abstract, and keywords. RESULT Probiotics consumption could decrease the susceptibility to viral respiratory infections, such as COVID-19 and simultaneously enhance vaccine efficiency in infectious disease prevention through the immune system enhancement. Probiotics improve the gut microbiota and the immune system via regulating the innate system response and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, treatment with probiotics contributes to the intestinal homeostasis restitution under antibiotic pressure and decreasing the risk of secondary infections due to viral respiratory infections. Probiotics present varied performances in different conditions; thus, promoting their efficacy through combining with supplements (prebiotics, postbiotics, nutraceuticals, berberine, curcumin, lactoferrin, minerals, and vitamins) is important. Several supplements reported to enhance the probiotics' efficacy and their mechanisms as well as probiotics related patents are summarized in this review. Using nanotechnology and microencapsulation techniques can also improve probiotics efficiency. CONCLUSION Given the global challenge of COVID-19, probiotic/prebiotic and following nutritional guidelines should be regarded seriously. Additionally, their role as an adjuvant in vaccination for immune response augmentation needs attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi-Hayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. Iran
| | - Afagh Moattari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton. New Zealand
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
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11
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Yin L, Chen MX, Zeng TH, Liu XM, Zhu F, Huang RQ. Improving probiotic spore yield using rice straw hydrolysate. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:149-156. [PMID: 32939775 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spore-forming Bacillus sp. has been extensively studied for their probiotic properties. In this study, an acid-treated rice straw hydrolysate was used as carbon source to produce the spores of Bacillus coagulans. The results showed that this hydrolysate significantly improved the spore yield compared with other carbon sources such as glucose. Three significant medium components including rice straw hydrolysate, MnSO4 and yeast extract were screened by Plackett-Burman design. These significant variables were further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal values of the medium components were rice straw hydolysate of 27% (v/v), MnSO4 of 0·78 g l-1 and yeast extract of 1·2 g l-1 . The optimized medium and RSM model for spore production were validated in a 5 l bioreactor. Overall, this sporulation medium containing acid-treated rice straw hydrolysate has a potential to be used in the production of B. coagulans spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yin
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - M X Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T H Zeng
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X M Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Q Huang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Shinde T, Hansbro PM, Sohal SS, Dingle P, Eri R, Stanley R. Microbiota Modulating Nutritional Approaches to Countering the Effects of Viral Respiratory Infections Including SARS-CoV-2 through Promoting Metabolic and Immune Fitness with Probiotics and Plant Bioactives. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E921. [PMID: 32570850 PMCID: PMC7355654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) can spread quickly and cause enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. These events pose serious threats to public health due to time lags in developing vaccines to activate the acquired immune system. The high variability of people's symptomatic responses to viral infections, as illustrated in the current COVID-19 pandemic, indicates the potential to moderate the severity of morbidity from VRIs. Growing evidence supports roles for probiotic bacteria (PB) and prebiotic dietary fiber (DF) and other plant nutritional bioactives in modulating immune functions. While human studies help to understand the epidemiology and immunopathology of VRIs, the chaotic nature of viral transmissions makes it difficult to undertake mechanistic study where the pre-conditioning of the metabolic and immune system could be beneficial. However, recent experimental studies have significantly enhanced our understanding of how PB and DF, along with plant bioactives, can significantly modulate innate and acquired immunity responses to VRIs. Synbiotic combinations of PB and DF potentiate increased benefits primarily through augmenting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate. These and specific plant polyphenolics help to regulate immune responses to both restrain VRIs and temper the neutrophil response that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review highlights the current understanding of the potential impact of targeted nutritional strategies in setting a balanced immune tone for viral clearance and reinforcing homeostasis. This knowledge may guide the development of public health tactics and the application of functional foods with PB and DF components as a nutritional approach to support countering VRI morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Shinde
- Centre for Food Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
- Gut Health Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia;
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Peter Dingle
- Dingle Wellness, South Fremantle, WA 6162, Australia;
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- Gut Health Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia;
| | - Roger Stanley
- Centre for Food Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
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Cao J, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans and associated implications for human health and diseases. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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14
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Hoffman JR, Hoffman MW, Zelicha H, Gepner Y, Willoughby DS, Feinstein U, Ostfeld I. The Effect of 2 Weeks of Inactivated Probiotic Bacillus coagulans on Endocrine, Inflammatory, and Performance Responses During Self-Defense Training in Soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2330-2337. [PMID: 31306390 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hoffman, JR, Hoffman, MW, Zelicha, H, Gepner, Y, Willoughby, DS, Feinstein, U, and Ostfeld, I. The Effect of 2-Weeks of Inactivated Probiotic Bacillus coagulans on Endocrine, Inflammatory and Performance Responses During Self-Defense Training in Soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2330-2337, 2019-The effect of 2 weeks of inactivated Bacillus coagulans (iBC) ingestion on performance and inflammatory cytokines was examined during a self-defense course in soldiers. Sixteen male soldiers were randomly assigned to either iBC (n = 8) or placebo (PL; n = 8) in this double-blind study. Participants were garrisoned on base and participated in the same training tasks. Assessments were conducted in a single day before (PRE) and after the supplementation period (POST). During each testing session, participants were assessed for vertical jump power (VJP), muscle endurance, simulated casualty drag, and 2 100-m shuttle runs. Resting blood measures for testosterone, cortisol, creatine kinase, and inflammatory cytokines were also assessed. Mann-Whitney analysis of change (Δ) scores indicated no significant change (p's > 0.05) in any of the performance or blood variables. However, a trend (p = 0.089) was noted in the Δ score for VJP in iBC compared with PL. In addition, trends were observed in the change in IL-10 (p = 0.057) and IFNγ (p = 0.057). Magnitude based inferential analysis indicated that changes in VJP and simulated casualty drag were likely beneficial (90.7 and 80.4% likelihood effect, respectively) for iBC. In addition, iBC supplementation very likely augmented IL-10 concentrations, but was possibly negative for changes in IL-6, and likely negative for changes in TNFα and IFNγ. Changes in all other performance and blood markers were unclear. Results indicated that 2 weeks of iBC supplementation appeared to be beneficial for maintaining power and short-term speed performance, while attenuating the inflammatory response during intense training in a military self-defense course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Hoffman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Hila Zelicha
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Yftach Gepner
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Exercise and Biochemical Nutritional Lab, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX
| | - Uri Feinstein
- Israel Defense Force, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ishay Ostfeld
- Israel Defense Force, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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15
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Saw CY, Chang TJ, Chen PY, Dai FJ, Lau YQ, Chen TY, Chau CF. Presence of Bacillus coagulans spores and vegetative cells in rat intestine and feces and their physiological effects. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2327-2333. [PMID: 31403387 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1651628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the presence of Bacillus coagulans vegetative cells in the intestine and fecal samples in rats fed B. coagulans spores as well as to estimate the ratios of spores and vegetative cells in these samples. A two-step process has been developed to enumerate B. coagulans in different mixed bacterial samples, specifically (1) observation of yellow ring formation on modified GYEA medium upon incubation at 55°C, (2) microscopic examination of spore formation after 7 d of incubation. Our results have demonstrated the presence of vegetative cells in the intestinal and fecal samples in rats fed B. coagulans spores. The ratios of B. coagulans spores and vegetative cells in cecal fluid, colonic content, and feces were approximately 2:8, 2:8, and 4:6, respectively. The existence of B. coagulans vegetative cells improved the intestinal milieu through an elevated short-chain fatty acid concentrations, higher fecal moisture, and lower fecal pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Yeong Saw
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ju Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ya Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Jhen Dai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yie-Qie Lau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fai Chau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Is Bacillus coagulans supplementation plus low FODMAP diet superior to low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome management? Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2111-2117. [PMID: 31327047 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the superiority of low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) diet plus Bacillus coagulans supplementation to low FODMAP diet alone in the reduction of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, fifty IBS patients who met Rome IV criteria for IBS were randomly assigned to receive a low FODMAP diet plus either a probiotic or a placebo capsule for 8 weeks. Probiotic capsules contained 109B. coagulans spores and 400 mg inulin, while placebo capsules consisted of 500 mg rice starch. RESULTS Significant improvements were observed in abdominal pain intensity and frequency, abdominal distension, satisfaction with bowel habits, quality of life, defecation consistency, and patient-reported severity score in both groups; however, only improvement in severity score was significantly higher in probiotic group compared with placebo group (P = 0.001). Moreover, the frequency of patients with clinical improvement in IBS-symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) was significantly more in probiotic group compared to placebo group (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the addition of probiotic supplement containing B. coagulans to the low FODMAP diet might be superior to low FODMAP diet in alleviating IBS symptoms.
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Shinde T, Perera AP, Vemuri R, Gondalia SV, Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Shastri S, Southam B, Eri R, Stanley R. Synbiotic Supplementation Containing Whole Plant Sugar Cane Fibre and Probiotic Spores Potentiates Protective Synergistic Effects in Mouse Model of IBD. Nutrients 2019; 11:E818. [PMID: 30979002 PMCID: PMC6521199 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing global incidence. Synbiotic, which is a two-point approach carrying probiotic and prebiotic components in mitigating inflammation in IBD, is thought to be a pragmatic approach owing to the synergistic outcomes. In this study, the impacts of dietary supplementation with probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores (B. coagulans) and prebiotic whole plant sugar cane fibre (PSCF) was assessed using a murine model of IBD. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet supplemented with either B. coagulans, PSCF or its synbiotic combination. After seven days of supplementation, colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for seven days during the continuation of the supplemented diets. Synbiotic supplementation ameliorated disease activity index and histological score (-72%, 7.38, respectively), more effectively than either B. coagulans (-47%, 10.1) and PSCF (-53%, 13.0) alone. Synbiotic supplementation also significantly (p < 0.0001) prevented the expression of tight junction proteins and modulated the altered serum IL-1β (-40%), IL-10 (+26%), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (-39%) levels. Synbiotic supplementations also raised the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profile more extensively compared to the unsupplemented DSS-control. The synbiotic health outcome effect of the probiotic and prebiotic combinations may be associated with a synergistic direct immune-regulating efficacy of the components, their ability to protect epithelial integrity, stimulation of probiotic spores by the prebiotic fibre, and/or with stimulation of greater levels of fermentation of fibres releasing SCFAs that mediate the reduction in colonic inflammation. Our model findings suggest synbiotic supplementation should be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Shinde
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Agampodi Promoda Perera
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Shakuntla V Gondalia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Sonia Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Benjamin Southam
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
| | - Roger Stanley
- Centre for Food Safety and Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
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Keller D, Verbruggen S, Cash H, Farmer S, Venema K. Spores of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 show high germination, survival and enzyme activity in a dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:77-87. [PMID: 30694101 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the germination, survival and metabolic activity of the probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 [GanedenBC30] (BC30) in a dynamic, computer controlled in vitro model of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, simulating human adults. Experiments were performed in the presence of a meal to maximise germination, due to the presence of germination-triggers. Both an upper GI tract (stomach and small intestine; TIM-1) and a colon model (TIM-2) were used, where material exiting TIM-1 was added to TIM-2. Spores of BC30 were introduced in the gastric compartment of TIM-1 and samples were taken immediately after the pylorus. Moreover, for 6 h, every hour the ileal efflux was collected and a subsample was plated for viable counts (spores and germinated cells). The remainder of the sample was fed to TIM-2, and after 24 h another sample was taken and tested for viable counts. In addition, samples were taken from the dialysates of the model and analysed using LC-MS/MS to determine bacterial metabolites and digestion products. Survival after transit through the gastric compartment was high (97%) and most cells were still in the spore form (76%). Survival after transit through TIM-1 was on average 51%, meaning that on average half of the orally provided spores was found back as cfu on the agar plates. Of these on average 93% were germinated cells and only 7% were spores. 24 h after the start of the experiments germination had increased in TIM-2 to 97% vegetative cells, and only 3% spores. No further loss of viability was observed in TIM-2. In terms of metabolic activity, increased levels of amino acids, dipeptides and citric acid cycle metabolites were found compared to experiments in the absence of BC30. In conclusion, BC30 spores germinate to a large extent (>90%) in the presence of germination triggers in the small intestine in a model that closely mimics the physiological conditions of human adults. Of the oral dose, as much as half of the cells survived transit through the upper GI tract, and based on the metabolite profile, these cells were metabolically active. Either these cells or the enzymes released from the dead cells aided in digestion of the meal. These insights help explain some of the observations in previous experiments, and support the understanding of the mechanism of action of the probiotic BC30.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Keller
- 1 Ganeden Inc., 5800 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA
| | - S Verbruggen
- 2 Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovations, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - H Cash
- 3 Kerry Functional Ingredients and Actives, 5800 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA
| | - S Farmer
- 1 Ganeden Inc., 5800 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA
| | - K Venema
- 2 Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovations, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands.,4 Beneficial Microbes Consultancy, Johan Karschstraat 3, 6709 TN Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 spores exhibit excellent in-vitro functional efficacy in simulated gastric survival, mucosal adhesion and immunomodulation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Wu T, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Li P, Yi D, Wang L, Zhao D, Chen H, Gong J, Hou Y. Beneficial Impact and Molecular Mechanism of Bacillus coagulans on Piglets' Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072084. [PMID: 30021943 PMCID: PMC6073773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the beneficial impact and molecular mechanism of B. coagulans on piglets' intestine. Twenty-four 21 days old weaned piglets were allotted to three treatments: Control group (basal diet), B6 group (basal diet + 2 × 10⁶ CFU/g B. coagulans), and the B7 group (basal diet + 2 × 10⁷ CFU/g B. coagulans). The results showed that, compared with the control group, the B7 group had a reduced cholesterol content and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in plasma (p < 0.05); the B6 and B7 groups had a significantly decreased diarrhea rate and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in plasma (p < 0.05), increased villus height in ileum and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum (p < 0.05); increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H₂O₂ in the intestine (p < 0.05). These data suggested that supplementing B. coagulans had beneficial impacts on promoting nutrients' metabolism, maintaining intestinal integrity, and alleviating oxidative stress and diarrhea. Further research of molecular mechanisms showed changing expression levels of related proteins and genes, suggesting that these could be involved in the regulation of the impact. The community composition of the gut microbiota was also found to be altered in several operational taxonomic units within the genus, Prevotella (order Bacteroidales), and the order, Clostridiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yang Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University (WPHU), Wuhan 430023, China.
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Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Arumugam S, Majeed S, Ali F. Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 for the management of major depression with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, multi-centre, pilot clinical study. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1218. [PMID: 29997457 PMCID: PMC6034030 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modification of microbial ecology in human gut by supplementing probiotics may be an alternative strategy to ameliorate or prevent depression. OBJECTIVE The current study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of the probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 for major depressive disorder (MDD) in IBS patients. METHOD Patients (n = 40) diagnosed for MDD with IBS were randomized (1:1) to receive placebo or B. coagulans MTCC 5856 at a daily dose of 2 × 109 cfu (2 billion spores) and were maintained to the end of double-blind treatment (90 days). Changes from baseline in clinical symptoms of MDD and IBS were evaluated through questionnaires. RESULTS Significant change (p = 0.01) in favour of the B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was observed for the primary efficacy measure Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Irritable bowel syndrome quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOL). Secondary efficacy measures i.e. Clinical Global Impression-Improvement rating Scale (CGI-I), Clinical Global Impression Severity rating Scale (CGI-S), Gastrointestinal Discomfort Questionnaire (GI-DQ) and Modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale (mESS) also showed significant results (p = 0.01) in B. coagulans MTCC 5856 group compared to placebo group except dementia total reaction scoring. Serum myeloperoxidase, an inflammatory biomarker was also significantly reduced (p < 0.01) when compared with the baseline and end of the study. All the safety parameters remained well within the normal clinical range and had no clinically significant difference between the screening and at the end of the study. CONCLUSION B. coagulans MTCC 5856 showed robust efficacy for the treatment of patients experiencing IBS symptoms with major depressive disorder. The improvement in depression and IBS symptoms was statistically significant and clinically meaningful. These findings support B. coagulans MTCC 5856 as an important new treatment option for major depressive disorder in IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ, USA
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT, USA
- ClinWorld Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Shaheen Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ, USA
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT, USA
| | - Furqan Ali
- Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Khalesi S, Bellissimo N, Vandelanotte C, Williams S, Stanley D, Irwin C. A review of probiotic supplementation in healthy adults: helpful or hype? Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:24-37. [PMID: 29581563 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic supplements have a positive impact on several health outcomes. However, the majority of published studies have focused on populations with specific health pathologies. Therefore, this study reviewed the current literature on the health effects of probiotic consumption in "healthy adults." The findings from this review may help guide consumers, researchers, and manufacturers regarding probiotic supplementation. Relevant literature published between 1990 and August 2017 was reviewed. Studies were included if they were experimental trials, included healthy adults, used live bacteria, and had accessible full-text articles published in English. Included studies were classified according to common foci that emerged. Forty-five studies were included in this review. Five foci emerged: gut microbiota changes (n = 15); immune system response (n = 16); lipid profile and cardiovascular disease risk (n = 14); gastrointestinal discomfort (n = 11); and female reproductive health (n = 4). Results suggest that probiotic supplementation in healthy adults can lead to transient improvement in gut microbiota concentration of supplement-specific bacteria. Evidence also supports the role of probiotics in improving immune system responses, stool consistency, bowel movement, and vaginal lactobacilli concentration. There is insufficient evidence to support the role of probiotics to improve blood lipid profile. Probiotic consumption can improve in the immune, gastrointestinal, and female reproductive health systems in healthy adults. However, this review failed to support the ability of probiotics to cause persistent changes in gut microbiota, or improve lipid profile in healthy adults. The feasibility of probiotics consumption to provide benefits in healthy adults requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khalesi
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan Williams
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Irwin
- Menzies Health Institute, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Wu Y, Shao Y, Song B, Zhen W, Wang Z, Guo Y, Shahid MS, Nie W. Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:9. [PMID: 29416856 PMCID: PMC5784659 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poultry industry is in need of effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis (NE) due to Clostridium perfringens. Methods This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Bacillus coagulans on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with C. perfringens-induced NE. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two dietary B. coagulans levels (0 or 4 × 109 CFU/kg of diet) and two disease challenge statuses (control or NE challenged). Results NE-induced reduction in body weight gain was relieved by the addition of B. coagulans into broiler diets compared with the NE-infected birds. NE infection damaged intestinal morphological structure, promoted intestinal C. perfringens growth and liver invasion, and enhanced anti-C. perfringens specific sIgA concentrations in the gut and specific IgG levels in serum compared with the uninfected birds. NE infection significantly (P < 0.05) decreased mucin-2 (at 14 d post-infection (DPI), toll -like receptor 2 (TLR2, at 7 and 14 DPI), TLR4 (at 7 and 14 DPI), tumor necrosis factor super family 15 (TNFSF15, at 7 and 14 DPI), lysozyme (LYZ, at 14 DPI) and fowlicidin-2 (at 7 and 14 DPI) mRNA levels, whereas it dramatically (P = 0.001) increased IFN-γ mRNA levels at 7 DPI. However, challenged birds fed diets supplemented with B. coagulans showed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in gut lesion scores, decreased C. perfringens numbers in the cecum and liver, and an increase in fowlicidin-2 mRNA levels in compared with the uninfected birds. In addition, compared with the non-supplemented group, dietary inclusion of B. coagulans improved intestinal barrier structure, further increased specific sIgA levels and alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity in the jejunum, enhanced the expression of jejunum lysozyme mRNA, and inhibited the growth, colonization, and invasion of C. perfringens; in contrast, it reduced serum-specific IgG concentrations and jejunum IFN-γ mRNA levels. Conclusion These results indicated that dietary B. coagulans supplementation appeared to be effective in preventing the occurrence and reducing the severity of C. perfringens-induced NE in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Shao
- 2College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bochen Song
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Suhaib Shahid
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Nie
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Interaction between diet composition and gut microbiota and its impact on gastrointestinal tract health. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Keller D, Van Dinter R, Cash H, Farmer S, Venema K. Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 increases plant protein digestion in a dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the small intestine (TIM-1). Benef Microbes 2017; 8:491-496. [PMID: 28504581 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of the probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 [GanedenBC30] (BC30) to aid in protein digestion of alimentary plant proteins. To test this, three plant proteins, from pea, soy and rice, were digested in a validated in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) in the absence and in the presence of BC30. Samples were taken from the TIM-1 fractions that mimic uptake of amino acids by the host and analysed for α-amino nitrogen (AAN) and total nitrogen (TN). Both were increased by BC30 for all three plant proteins sources. The ratio of TN/AAN indicated that for pea protein digestion was increased by BC30, but the degree of polymerisation of the liberated small peptides and free amino acids was not changed. For soy and rice, however, BC30 showed a 2-fold reduction in the TN/AAN ratio, indicating that the liberated digestion products formed during digestion in the presence of BC30 were shorter peptides and more free amino acids, than those liberated in the absence of BC30. As BC30 increased protein digestion and uptake in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, it consequently also reduced the amount of protein that would be delivered to the colon, which could there be fermented into toxic metabolites by the gut microbiota. Thus, the enhanced protein digestion by BC30 showed a dual benefit: enhanced amino acid bioavailability from plant proteins in the upper GI tract, and a healthier environment in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Keller
- 1 Ganeden Inc., 5800 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA
| | - R Van Dinter
- 2 Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - H Cash
- 1 Ganeden Inc., 5800 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA
| | - S Farmer
- 1 Ganeden Inc., 5800 Landerbrook Drive, Suite 300, Mayfield Heights, OH 44124, USA
| | - K Venema
- 2 Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands
- 3 Beneficial Microbes Consultancy, Johan Karschstraat 3, 6709 TN Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Homayoni Rad A, Vaghef Mehrabany E, Alipoor B, Vaghef Mehrabany L. The Comparison of Food and Supplement as Probiotic Delivery Vehicles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:896-909. [PMID: 25117939 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.733894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are live bacteria which have frequently been reported to be beneficial in preventing a wide range of diseases as well as playing a major role in treating the existing ailments. Thus far, a variety of probiotic products have been developed which can be categorized into two groups: probiotic foods and supplements. Both foods and supplements have been able to confer the health benefits claimed for them. However, it is not known which one can be clinically more efficient, and to the best of our knowledge, until now no research has been conducted to investigate this issue. The present review aims to discuss this matter, based on the evidence available in the literature. To do so, articles indexed in PubMed and ScienceDirect between 2000 and 2011 were reviewed. The articles included the clinical trials in which either foods or supplements were used to administer the probiotics to either patients suffering from different diseases or healthy subjects. Although both foods and supplements seem to have been efficient carriers for the beneficial bacteria, to generally promote public health in communities, probiotic foods appear to be preferred to probiotic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Homayoni Rad
- a Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Elnaz Vaghef Mehrabany
- b Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Beitullah Alipoor
- b Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Leila Vaghef Mehrabany
- c School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Khatri I, Sharma S, Ramya TNC, Subramanian S. Complete Genomes of Bacillus coagulans S-lac and Bacillus subtilis TO-A JPC, Two Phylogenetically Distinct Probiotics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156745. [PMID: 27258038 PMCID: PMC4892684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several spore-forming strains of Bacillus are marketed as probiotics due to their ability to survive harsh gastrointestinal conditions and confer health benefits to the host. We report the complete genomes of two commercially available probiotics, Bacillus coagulans S-lac and Bacillus subtilis TO-A JPC, and compare them with the genomes of other Bacillus and Lactobacillus. The taxonomic position of both organisms was established with a maximum-likelihood tree based on twenty six housekeeping proteins. Analysis of all probiotic strains of Bacillus and Lactobacillus reveal that the essential sporulation proteins are conserved in all Bacillus probiotic strains while they are absent in Lactobacillus spp. We identified various antibiotic resistance, stress-related, and adhesion-related domains in these organisms, which likely provide support in exerting probiotic action by enabling adhesion to host epithelial cells and survival during antibiotic treatment and harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Khatri
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shailza Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - T. N. C. Ramya
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
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Yang OO, Kelesidis T, Cordova R, Khanlou H. Immunomodulation of antiretroviral drug-suppressed chronic HIV-1 infection in an oral probiotic double-blind placebo-controlled trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:988-95. [PMID: 25127924 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A putative source of inappropriate immune activation that drives human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 immunopathogenesis is the gastrointestinal tract. Even with effective antiretroviral treatment, residual activation persists. We hypothesized that an oral probiotic could improve the residual immune activation in chronic treated HIV-1 infection, and tested a Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 capsule probiotic in HIV-1-infected persons with suppressed viremia on stable antiretroviral therapy in a 3-month double-blind placebo-controlled trial (10 probiotic, 7 placebo). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was administered monthly. Blood was tested at the start and end of placebo/probiotic administration for viremia, CD4(+) T cell percentage/concentration, soluble (s)CD14, soluble intestinal fatty acid binding protein, sCD163, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. All participants maintained viremia <40 RNA copies/ml. The probiotic was safe and well tolerated, and appeared to improve chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Its administration was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of blood CD4(+) T cells compared to placebo (+2.8% versus -1.8%, p=0.018) although CD4(+) T cell concentrations were generally unchanged in both groups. None of the biomarkers showed significant changes on probiotic treatment or between-group differences in change (although significance was borderline for a greater sCD163 drop in the probiotic versus placebo group, p=0.05). Some biomarkers showed significant correlations to each other, particularly D-dimer with CRP and sCD14 with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. These data demonstrate the safety and possible benefit of this probiotic for residual inflammation in treated HIV-1 infection, although further study will be required to determine the immune pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto O. Yang
- AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Homayoon Khanlou
- Medical Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles, California
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Continuous Orally Administered Coffee Enhanced the Antigen-Specific Th1 Response and Reduced Allergic Development in a TCR-Transgenic Mice Model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:2439-44. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Corona-Hernandez RI, Álvarez-Parrilla E, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Islas-Rubio AR, de la Rosa LA, Wall-Medrano A. Structural Stability and Viability of Microencapsulated Probiotic Bacteria: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:614-628. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío I. Corona-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; México
| | - Alma R. Islas-Rubio
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; México
| | - Laura. A. de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
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Alexandre Y, Le Blay G, Boisramé-Gastrin S, Le Gall F, Héry-Arnaud G, Gouriou S, Vallet S, Le Berre R. Probiotics: a new way to fight bacterial pulmonary infections? Med Mal Infect 2013; 44:9-17. [PMID: 23820129 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics, of which Fleming has identified the first representative, penicillin, in 1928, allowed dramatical improvement of the treatment of patients presenting with infectious diseases. However, once an antibiotic is used, resistance may develop more or less rapidly in some bacteria. It is thus necessary to develop therapeutic alternatives, such as the use of probiotics, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "micro-organisms which, administered live and in adequate amounts, confer a benefit to the health of the host". The scope of these micro-organisms is broad, concerning many areas including that of infectious diseases, especially respiratory infections. We describe the rational use of probiotics in respiratory tract infections and detail the results of various clinical studies describing the use of probiotics in the management of respiratory infections such as nosocomial or community acquired pneumonia, or on specific grounds such as cystic fibrosis. The results are sometimes contradictory, but the therapeutic potential of probiotics seems promising. Implementing research to understand their mechanisms of action is critical to conduct therapeutic tests based on a specific rational for the strains to be used, the dose, as well as the chosen mode and rhythm of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Alexandre
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - G Le Blay
- Laboratoire de microbiologie des environnements extrêmes, technopole Brest-Iroise, UMR 6197, université européenne de Bretagne, institut universitaire européen de la mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - S Boisramé-Gastrin
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - F Le Gall
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Unité de bactériologie-virologie, CHRU, 29609 Brest, France
| | - G Héry-Arnaud
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Unité de bactériologie-virologie, CHRU, 29609 Brest, France
| | - S Gouriou
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France
| | - S Vallet
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Unité de bactériologie-virologie, CHRU, 29609 Brest, France
| | - R Le Berre
- Laboratoire universitaire de biodiversité et d'écologie microbienne, EA3882, faculté de médecine, université européenne de Bretagne, CHRU de la Cavale Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France; Département de médecine interne et pneumologie, CHRU, 29609 Brest, France.
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Homayouni Rad A, Torab R, Mortazavian AM, Mehrabany EV, Mehrabany LV. Can probiotics prevent or improve common cold and influenza? Nutrition 2013; 29:805-6. [PMID: 23306139 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Do probiotics act more efficiently in foods than in supplements? Nutrition 2012; 28:733-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Wallace TC, Guarner F, Madsen K, Cabana MD, Gibson G, Hentges E, Sanders ME. Human gut microbiota and its relationship to health and disease. Nutr Rev 2011; 69:392-403. [PMID: 21729093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Endres J, Qureshi I, Farber T, Hauswirth J, Hirka G, Pasics I, Schauss A. One-year chronic oral toxicity with combined reproduction toxicity study of a novel probiotic, Bacillus coagulans, as a food ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Click RE. Successful treatment of asymptomatic or clinically terminal bovine Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection (Johne's disease) with the bacterium Dietzia used as a probiotic alone or in combination with dexamethasone: Adaption to chronic human diarrheal diseases. Virulence 2011; 2:131-43. [PMID: 21460639 DOI: 10.4161/viru.2.2.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A naturally occurring gastrointestinal disease, primarily of ruminants (Johne disease), is a chronic debilitating disease that is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP infection occurs primarily in utero and in newborns. Outside our Dietzia probiotic treatment, there are no preventive/curative therapies for bovine paratuberculosis. Interestingly, MAP is at the center of controversy as to its role in (cause of) Crohn disease (CD) and more recently, its role in diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); the latter two, like CD, are considered to be a result of chronic intestinal inflammation. Treatments, both conventional and biologic agents, which induce and maintain remission are directed at curtailing processes that are an intricate part of inflammation. Most possess side effects of varying severity, lose therapeutic value, and more importantly, none routinely result in prevention and/or cures. Based on (a) similarities of Johne disease and Crohn disease, (b) a report that Dietzia inhibited growth of MAP under specific culture conditions, and (c) findings that Dietzia when used as a probiotic, (i) was therapeutic for adult bovine paratuberculosis, and (ii) prevented development of disease in MAP-infected calves, the goal of the present investigations was to design protocols that have applicability for IBD patients. Dietzia was found safe for cattle of all ages and for normal and immunodeficient mice. The results strongly warrant clinical evaluation as a probiotic, in combination with/without dexamethasone.
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Use of a continuous culture fermentation system to investigate the effect of GanedenBC30 (Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086) supplementation on pathogen survival in the human gut microbiota. Anaerobe 2010; 17:36-42. [PMID: 21195203 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Single-stage continuous fermentation systems were employed to examine the effects of GanedenBC(30) supplementation on the human gastrointestinal microbiota in relation to pathogen challenge in vitro. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that GanedenBC(30) supplementation modified the microbial profiles in the fermentation systems compared with controls, with profiles clustering according to treatment. Overall, GanedenBC(30) supplementation did not elicit major changes in bacterial population counts in vitro, although notably higher Bcoa191 counts were seen following probiotic supplementation (compared to the controls). Pathogen challenge did not elicit significant modification of the microbial counts in vitro, although notably higher Clit135 counts were seen in the control system post-Clostridium difficile challenge than in the corresponding GanedenBC(30)-supplemented systems. Sporulation appears to be associated with the anti-microbial activity of GanedenBC(30), suggesting that a bi-modal lifecycle of GanedenBC(30)in vivo may lead to anti-microbial activity in distal regions of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Jensen GS, Benson KF, Carter SG, Endres JR. GanedenBC30 cell wall and metabolites: anti-inflammatory and immune modulating effects in vitro. BMC Immunol 2010; 11:15. [PMID: 20331905 PMCID: PMC2858026 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and immune modulating properties of the probiotic, spore-forming bacterial strain: Bacillus coagulans: GBI-30, (PTA-6086, GanedenBC30TM). In addition, cell wall and metabolite fractions were assayed separately to address whether biological effects were due to cell wall components only, or whether secreted compounds from live bacteria had additional biological properties. The spores were heat-activated, and bacterial cultures were grown. The culture supernatant was harvested as a source of metabolites (MTB), and the bacteria were used to isolate cell wall fragments (CW). Both of these fractions were compared in a series of in vitro assays. RESULTS Both MTB and CW inhibited spontaneous and oxidative stress-induced ROS formation in human PMN cells and increased the phagocytic activity of PMN cells in response to bacteria-like carboxylated fluorospheres. Both fractions supported random PMN and f-MLP-directed PMN cell migration, indicating a support of immune surveillance and antibacterial defense mechanisms. In contrast, low doses of both fractions inhibited PMN cell migration towards the inflammatory mediators IL-8 and LTB4. The anti-inflammatory activity was strongest for CW, where the PMN migration towards IL-8 was inhibited down to dilutions of 1010.Both MTB and CW induced the expression of the CD69 activation marker on human CD3- CD56+ NK cells, and enhanced the expression of CD107a when exposed to K562 tumor cells in vitro.The fractions directly modulated cytokine production, inducing production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, and inhibiting production of IL-2.Both fractions further modulated mitogen-induced cytokine production in the following manner: Both fractions enhanced the PHA-induced production of IL-6 and reduced the PHA-induced production of TNF-alpha. Both fractions enhanced the PWM-induced production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. In addition, MTB also enhanced both the PHA- and the PWM-induced expression of IL-10. CONCLUSION The data suggest that consumption of GanedenBC30TM may introduce both cell wall components and metabolites that modulate inflammatory processes in the gut. Both the cell wall and the supernatant possess strong immune modulating properties in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effects, combined with direct induction of IL-10, are of interest with respect to possible treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases as well as in support of a healthy immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John R Endres
- AIBMR Life Sciences, 4117 S Meridian, Puyallup, WA 98373 USA
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