1
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Komuro A, Son BK, Nanao-Hamai M, Song Z, Ogawa S, Akishita M. Effects of a high-phosphate diet on vascular calcification and abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024. [PMID: 39139097 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM Vascular aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and pathological aortic dilatation, playing a critical role in the morbidity and mortality of older adults. Vascular calcification, a phenotype of vascular aging, is frequently associated with AAA. However, this association remains unclear owing to the lack of animal models. This study investigated the effects of a high-phosphate diet (HPD), a prominent trigger of vascular calcification in AAA. METHODS Eight-week-old male mice were fed either a normal diet (ND; Ca 1.18%/P 1.07% = 1.10) or an HPD (Ca 1.23%/P 1.65% = 0.75) for 4 weeks. Subsequently, AAA was induced using CaCl2 application and angiotensin II (AngII) infusion for 4 weeks. RESULTS The HPD resulted in more pronounced AAA formation than did the ND. Importantly, vascular calcification was observed only in the aorta of the HPD mice. Enhanced Runt-related transcription factor 2 expression and apoptosis (downregulation of growth arrest-specific gene 6/pAkt survival pathway), two major mechanisms of vascular calcification, were also observed. Furthermore, increased IL-6 and F4/80 expression was observed in the aorta of HPD mice. In RAW264.7 cells, inorganic phosphate enhanced IL-6 and IL-1β expression under AngII priming. Ferric citrate, a phosphate binder, significantly inhibited HPD-induced AAA formation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that HPD induces vascular calcification and AAA formation, possibly through inflammation. This murine model suggests that vascular calcification induced by phosphate burden may be a therapeutic target for vascular diseases, including AAA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.
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Grants
- 22K11697 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Teis the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan
- 23H02811 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Teis the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Komuro
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bo-Kyung Son
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Nanao-Hamai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zehan Song
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumito Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Li S, Wu W, Yang B, Liu Z, Duan X, Sun X, Liu H, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Wu W. Histone deacetylase 6 suppression of renal tubular epithelial cell promotes interstitial mineral deposition via alpha-tubulin acetylation. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111057. [PMID: 38242268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Randall's plaque (RP) is derived from interstitial mineral deposition and is highly prevalent in renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease, which is predictive of recurrence. This study shows that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) levels are suppressed in renal tubular epithelial cells in RP samples, in kidney tissues of hyperoxaluria rats, and in hyper-oxalate-treated or mineralized cultured renal tubular epithelial (MDCK) cells in vitro. Mineral deposition in MDCK cells was exacerbated by HDAC6 inhibition but alleviated by HDAC6 overexpression. Surprisingly, the expression of some osteogenic-associated proteins, were not increased along with the increasing of mineral deposition, and result of single-cell RNA sequencing of renal papillae samples revealed that epithelial cells possess lower calcific activity, suggesting that osteogenic-transdifferentiation may not have actually occurred in tubular epithelial cells despite mineral deposition. The initial mineral depositions facilitated by HDAC6 inhibitor were localized in extracellular dome rather than inside the cells, moreover, suppression of HDAC6 significantly increased the calcium content of co-cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK49F) and enhanced mineral deposition of indirectly co-cultured NRK49F cells, suggesting that HDAC6 may influence trans-MDCK monolayer secretion of mineral. Further experiments revealed that this regulatory role was partially alpha-tubulinLys40 acetylation dependent. Collectively, these results suggest that hyper-oxalate exposure led to HDAC6 suppression in renal tubular epithelial cells, which may contribute to interstitial mineral deposition by promoting alpha-tubulinLys40 acetylation. Therapeutic agents that influence HDAC6 activity may be beneficial in preventing RP and CaOx stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujue Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally invasive surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou Institute Of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Wenzheng Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Baotong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Zezhen Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally invasive surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou Institute Of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally invasive surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou Institute Of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xinyuan Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally invasive surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou Institute Of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally invasive surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou Institute Of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Shike Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally invasive surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou Institute Of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China.
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3
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Zhou G, Liu P, Zhang C, Huang Q, Zhao Z, Wu S, Li D, Liu H. HDAC2 counteracts vascular calcification by activating autophagy in chronic kidney disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23470. [PMID: 38354035 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301429r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality, with a significant prevalence in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pharmacological inhibition of histone acetyltransferase has been proven to protect against from vascular calcification. However, the role of Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and molecular mechanisms in vascular calcification of CKD remains unknown. An in vivo model of CKD was established using mouse fed with a high adenine and phosphate diet, and an in vitro model was produced using human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated with β-glycerophosphate (β-GP). HDAC2 expression was found to be reduced in medial artery of CKD mice and β-GP-induced VSMCs. Overexpression of HDAC2 attenuated OPN and OCN upregulation, α-SMA and SM22α downregulation, and calcium deposition in aortas of CKD. The in vitro results also demonstrated that β-GP-induced osteogenic differentiation was inhibited by HDAC2. Furthermore, we found that HDAC2 overexpression caused an increase in LC3II/I, a decrease in p62, and an induction of autophagic flux. Inhibition of autophagy using its specific inhibitor 3-MA blocked HDAC2's protective effect on osteogenic differentiation in β-GP-treated VSMCs. Taken together, these results suggest that HDAC2 may protect against vascular calcification by the activation of autophagy, laying out a novel insight for the molecular mechanism in vascular calcification of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pai Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zixia Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Zhou G, Zhang C, Peng H, Su X, Huang Q, Zhao Z, Zhao G. PRMT3 methylates HIF-1α to enhance the vascular calcification induced by chronic kidney disease. Mol Med 2024; 30:8. [PMID: 38200452 PMCID: PMC10782741 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medial vascular calcification is commonly identified in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and seriously affects the health and life quality of patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) on vascular calcification induced by CKD. METHODS A mice model of CKD was established with a two-step diet containing high levels of calcium and phosphorus. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were subjected to β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) treatment to induce the osteogenic differentiation as an in vitro CKD model. RESULTS PRMT3 was upregulated in VSMCs of medial artery of CKD mice and β-GP-induced VSMCs. The inhibitor of PRMT3 (SGC707) alleviated the vascular calcification and inhibited the glycolysis of CKD mice. Knockdown of PRMT3 alleviated the β-GP-induced osteogenic transfomation of VSMCs by the repression of glycolysis. Next, PRMT3 interacted with hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α), and the knockdown of PRMT3 downregulated the protein expression of HIF-1α by weakening its methylation. Gain of HIF-1α reversed the PRMT3 depletion-induced suppression of osteogenic differentiation and glycolysis of VSMCs. CONCLUSION The inhibitory role of PRMT3 depletion was at least mediated by the regulation of glycolysis upon repressing the methylation of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuesong Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Zixia Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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5
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Atkinson G, Bianco R, Di Gregoli K, Johnson JL. The contribution of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors to the development, progression, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1248561. [PMID: 37799778 PMCID: PMC10549934 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1248561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) account for up to 8% of deaths in men aged 65 years and over and 2.2% of women. Patients with AAAs often have atherosclerosis, and intimal atherosclerosis is generally present in AAAs. Accordingly, AAAs are considered a form of atherosclerosis and are frequently referred to as atherosclerotic aneurysms. Pathological observations advocate inflammatory cell infiltration alongside adverse extracellular matrix degradation as key contributing factors to the formation of human atherosclerotic AAAs. Therefore, macrophage production of proteolytic enzymes is deemed responsible for the damaging loss of ECM proteins, especially elastin and fibrillar collagens, which characterise AAA progression and rupture. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their regulation by tissue inhibitors metalloproteinases (TIMPs) can orchestrate not only ECM remodelling, but also moderate the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of resident aortic cells, alongside the recruitment and subsequent behaviour of inflammatory cells. Accordingly, MMPs are thought to play a central regulatory role in the development, progression, and eventual rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Together, clinical and animal studies have shed light on the complex and often diverse effects MMPs and TIMPs impart during the development of AAAs. This dichotomy is underlined from evidence utilising broad-spectrum MMP inhibition in animal models and clinical trials which have failed to provide consistent protection from AAA progression, although more encouraging results have been observed through deployment of selective inhibitors. This review provides a summary of the supporting evidence connecting the contribution of individual MMPs to AAA development, progression, and eventual rupture. Topics discussed include structural, functional, and cell-specific diversity of MMP members; evidence from animal models of AAA and comparisons with findings in humans; the dual role of MMPs and the requirement to selectively target individual MMPs; and the advances in identifying aberrant MMP activity. As evidenced, our developing understanding of the multifaceted roles individual MMPs perform during the progression and rupture of AAAs, should motivate clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of selective MMP inhibitors, which could restrict AAA-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jason L. Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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6
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Park HJ, Kim Y, Kim MK, Kim HJ, Bae SK, Bae MK. Inhibition of the Semaphorin 4D-Plexin-B1 axis prevents calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells. BMB Rep 2023; 56:160-165. [PMID: 36443004 PMCID: PMC10068346 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is common in cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, and is associated with an increased risk of pathological events and mortality. Some semaphorin family members play an important role in atherosclerosis. In the present study, we show that Semaphorin 4D/Sema4D and its Plexin-B1 receptor were significantly upregulated in calcified aorta of a rat chronic kidney disease model. Significantly higher Sema4D and Plexin-B1 expression was also observed during inorganic phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Knockdown of Sema4D or Plexin-B1 genes attenuated both the phosphate-induced osteogenic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells, through regulation of SMAD1/5 signaling, as well as apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, through modulation of the Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway. Taken together, our results offer new insights on the role of Sema4D and Plexin-B1 as potential therapeutic targets against vascular calcification. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(3): 160-165].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yeon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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7
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Wei Y, Liu C, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Feng Z, Yang X, Liu J, Lei H, Zhou H, Shen Q, Lu B, Gu P, Shao J. The association between time in the glucose target range and abnormal ankle-brachial index: a cross-sectional analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:281. [PMID: 36514151 PMCID: PMC9746002 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time in range (TIR), a novel proxy measure of glucose control, is found closely related to diabetic microangiopathy and some other chronic complications, but the correlation between TIR and lower limb angiopathy has not been studied yet. Our purpose is to explore the relationship between TIR and abnormal ankle-brachial index(ABI) in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We retrospectively collected patients' information from the database and performed cross-sectional analysis. A total of 405 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in this study. ABI was measured and patients were stratified into low, normal, and high groups according to ≤ 0.9, > 0.9 and < 1.3, ≥ 1.3 ABI values. All patients underwent continuous glucose monitoring(CGM), and TIR was defined as the percentage of time in which glucose was in the range of 3.9-10 mmol/L during a 24-h period. Correlations between TIR and abnormal ABI were analyzed using Spearman analysis. And logistic regression was used to explore whether TIR is an independent risk factor for abnormal ABI. RESULTS The overall prevalence of abnormal ABI was 20.2% (low 4.9% and high 15.3%). TIR was lower in patients with abnormal ABI values (P = 0.009). The prevalence of abnormal ABI decreased with increasing quartiles of TIR (P = 0.026). Abnormal ABI was negatively correlated with TIR and positively correlated with hypertension, age, diabetes duration, UREA, Scr, ACR, TAR, MBG, and M values (P < 0.05). The logistic regression revealed a significant association between TIR and abnormal ABI, while HbA1C and blood glucose variability measures had no explicit correlation with abnormal ABI. Additionally, there was a significant difference in LDL between the low and high ABI groups (P = 0.009), and in Scr between normal and low groups (P = 0.007). And there were significant differences in TIR (P = 0.003), age (P = 0.023), UREA (P = 0.006), ACR (P = 0.004), TAR (P = 0.015), and MBG (P = 0.014) between normal and high ABI groups, and in diabetes duration between both normal and low (P = 0.023) and normal and high (P = 0.006) groups. CONCLUSIONS In type 2 diabetes patients, abnormal ABI is associated with lower TIR, and the correlation is stronger than that with HbA1C. Therefore, the role of TIR should be emphasized in the evaluation of lower limb vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Wei
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- grid.459328.10000 0004 1758 9149Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Yanyu Liu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhouqin Feng
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Juan Liu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Endocrinology, The affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Haiyan Lei
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyue Shen
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Lu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Ping Gu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu China
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8
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Niu Z, Su G, Li T, Yu H, Shen Y, Zhang D, Liu X. Vascular Calcification: New Insights Into BMP Type I Receptor A. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887253. [PMID: 35462911 PMCID: PMC9019578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a complex ectopic calcification process and an important indicator of increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and other diseases. Therefore, clarifying the pathogenesis of VC is of great clinical significance. Numerous studies have shown that the onset and progression of VC are similar to bone formation. Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of proteins are considered key molecules in the progression of vascular calcification. BMP type I receptor A (BMPR1A) is a key receptor of BMP factors acting on the cell membrane, is widely expressed in various tissues and cells, and is an important “portal” for BMP to enter cells and exert their biological effect. In recent years, many discoveries have been made regarding the occurrence and treatment of ectopic ossification-related diseases involving BMP signaling targets. Studies have confirmed that BMPR1A is involved in osteogenic differentiation and that its high expression in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells can lead to vascular calcification. This article reviews the role of BMPR1A in vascular calcification and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms to provide clues for the clinical treatment of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanyue Su
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongchi Yu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Demao Zhang, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Demao Zhang, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
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9
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Oxidative phosphorylation promotes vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:229. [PMID: 35277475 PMCID: PMC8917188 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has been reported to associate with the progression of vascular diseases. However, how vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is regulated by metabolic status remains poorly understood. Using a model of 5/6 nephrectomy, we demonstrated that the aortic tissues of CKD mice had a preference for using oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Both high phosphate and human uremic serum-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) had enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity, while the glycolysis level was not significantly different. Besides, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) exacerbated vascular calcification by upregulating OXPHOS. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) was higher in the aortic tissue of CKD mice than those of sham-operated mice. Moreover, the expression levels of COX15 were higher in CKD patients with aortic arch calcification (AAC) than those without AAC, and the AAC scores were correlated with the expression level of COX15. Suppressing COX sufficiently attenuated vascular calcification. Our findings verify the relationship between OXPHOS and calcification, and may provide potential therapeutic approaches for vascular calcification in CKD.
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10
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Park HJ, Kim MK, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Bae SK, Bae MK. Neuromedin B modulates phosphate-induced vascular calcification. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 34674793 PMCID: PMC8633520 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yeon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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11
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Dextromethorphan Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inhibits Uremic Artery Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212277. [PMID: 34830159 PMCID: PMC8623041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a key factor contributing to cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with osteogenic transdifferentiation play a role in vascular calcification. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcified-medium-induced calcification of VSMCs. This study investigates the effects of dextromethorphan (DXM), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on vascular calcification. We used in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the effect of DXM on artery changes in the presence of hyperphosphatemia. The anti-vascular calcification effect of DXM was tested in adenine-fed Wistar rats. High-phosphate medium induced ROS production and calcification of VSMCs. DXM significantly attenuated the increase in ROS production, the decrease in ATP, and mitochondria membrane potential during the calcified-medium-induced VSMC calcification process (p < 0.05). The protective effect of DXM in calcified-medium-induced VSMC calcification was not further increased by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, indicating that NADPH oxidase mediates the effect of DXM. Furthermore, DXM decreased aortic calcification in Wistar rats with CKD. Our results suggest that treatment with DXM can attenuate vascular oxidative stress and ameliorate vascular calcification.
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12
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Rodrigues IG, Pinho CPS, Sobral Filho D, Leão APD, Oliveira MCM, Barbosa GP, Siqueira AAD, Bandeira F. The impact of visceral fat and levels of vitamin D on coronary artery calcification. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:88-93. [PMID: 34161468 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.01.20200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluated calcification of the coronary arteries and its association with visceral fat and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum levels. METHODS A cross sectional study involving 140 individuals without any previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. A biochemical analysis of vitamin D serum levels was carried out, as well as computed tomography to measure coronary artery calcium score and visceral adipose tissue. RESULTS The mean age of the individuals was 55.9 (±12.4). Coronary artery calcium was observed in 40.7% of the population. Vitamin D presented median serum levels of 30.4 ng/ml (IQ24.5-39.1), with 14,1 and 33.7% of the individuals presenting deficiency and insufficiency, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the calcium score was more prevalent in aged patients (p<0.01), in hypertensive individuals (p<0.01), in diabetics (p=0.02), and in those with a higher concentration of VAT (p=0.02). In the adjusted analysis, it was found that the highest concentration of VAT (OR: 4.0; 95%CI 1.4-11.7), hypertension (OR: 4.8; 95%CI 1.5-15.3), and age (OR: 10.4; 95%CI 3.9-27.6) were predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis, regardless of body mass index, diabetes, and 25OHD. CONCLUSIONS Excess visceral fat was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, regardless of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Serum levels of 25OHD were not associated with CAD in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Galvão Rodrigues
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Claudia Porto Sabino Pinho
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Dário Sobral Filho
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil.,Universidade de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Dornelas Leão
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Bandeira
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Recife (PE), Brasil
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13
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McCarty MF. Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073321. [PMID: 33805039 PMCID: PMC8037104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although well documented drug therapies are available for the management of ventricular hypertrophy (VH) and heart failure (HF), most patients nonetheless experience a downhill course, and further therapeutic measures are needed. Nutraceutical, dietary, and lifestyle measures may have particular merit in this regard, as they are currently available, relatively safe and inexpensive, and can lend themselves to primary prevention as well. A consideration of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the VH/HF syndrome suggests that measures which control oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that support effective nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide bioactivity, that prevent a reduction in cardiomyocyte pH, and that boost the production of protective hormones, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), while suppressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and marinobufagenin, may have utility for preventing and controlling this syndrome. Agents considered in this essay include phycocyanobilin, N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, ferulic acid, zinc, selenium, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, melatonin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, berberine, citrulline, high-dose folate, cocoa flavanols, hawthorn extract, dietary nitrate, high-dose biotin, soy isoflavones, taurine, carnitine, magnesium orotate, EPA-rich fish oil, glycine, and copper. The potential advantages of whole-food plant-based diets, moderation in salt intake, avoidance of phosphate additives, and regular exercise training and sauna sessions are also discussed. There should be considerable scope for the development of functional foods and supplements which make it more convenient and affordable for patients to consume complementary combinations of the agents discussed here. Research Strategy: Key word searching of PubMed was employed to locate the research papers whose findings are cited in this essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
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14
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Ortega MA, Asúnsolo Á, Pekarek L, Alvarez-Mon MA, Delforge A, Sáez MA, Coca S, Sainz F, Mon MÁ, Buján J, García-Honduvilla N. Histopathological study of JNK in venous wall of patients with chronic venous insufficiency related to osteogenesis process. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1921-1934. [PMID: 33850461 PMCID: PMC8040408 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.54052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is one of the most common vascular pathologies worldwide. One of the risk factors for the development of CVI is aging, which is why it is related to senile changes. The main trigger of the changes that occur in the venous walls in CVI is blood flow reflux, which produces increased hydrostatic pressure, leading to valve incompetence. The cellular response is one of the fundamental processes in vascular diseases, causing the activation of cell signalling pathways such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Metabolic changes and calcifications occur in vascular pathology as a result of pathophysiological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of JNK in venous disease and its relationship with the role played by the molecules involved in the osteogenic processes in venous tissue calcification. This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed the greater saphenous vein wall in 110 patients with (R) and without venous reflux (NR), classified according to age. Histopathological techniques were used and protein expression was analysed using immunohistochemistry techniques for JNK and markers of osteogenesis (RUNX2, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN)). Significantly increased JNK, RUNX2, OCN, OPN and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) protein expression and the presence of osseous metaplasia and amorphous calcification were observed in younger patients (<50 years) with venous reflux. This study shows for the first time the existence of an osteogenesis process related to the expression of JNK in the venous wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnaud Delforge
- UFR of pharmacy, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Miguel A Sáez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Sainz
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez- Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Effects of High-Impact Weight-Bearing Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Middle-Aged Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of high-impact weight-bearing exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic markers in middle-aged premenopausal women. Forty middle-aged premenopausal women were initially enrolled, but thirty-one participants (40.34 ± 3.69 years) completed in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups including the high-impact weight-bearing exercise group (HWE, n = 14) and control group (CON, n = 17). The HWE group participated in the exercise for 50 min a day, three days per week for four months, while the CON group maintained their regular lifestyle. The HWE program included 10 different high-impact weight-bearing exercises such as jumping and running. BMD was measured using DXA (Hologic, QDR 4500W, Marlborough, MA, USA). The bone metabolic markers including serum 25-(OH) D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), and calcium were analyzed. The results showed that the BMDs of femur, lumbar, and forearm did not significantly change during the intervention period in both the HWE and CON groups. A significant decrease in bone formation markers such as OC (F = 10.514, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.266) and an increase in bone resorption marker including CTX (F = 8.768, p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.232) were found only in the CON group, while these values did not change in the HWE group. There was a significant increase in serum 25-(OH) D (F = 4.451, p = 0.044, ηp2 = 0.133) in the HWE group. Our findings suggest that four months of HWE is not sufficient to improve BMD and bone metabolic markers, but this impact exercise program may prevent the age-associated changes in bone turnover markers in middle-aged premenopausal women.
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Li Y, Li Y, Li Y, Yang Z, Geng H, Liu C, Hao W, Yang R, Jin S, Wu Y, Wang X, Teng X. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the ameliorative effect of apelin on vascular calcification. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 152:17-28. [PMID: 33279504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Apelin is the endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ and play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. We aimed to investigate whether apelin ameliorates vascular calcification (VC) by inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). METHODS AND RESULTS VC model in rats was induced by nicotine plus vitamin D, while calcification of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) was induced by beta-glycerophosphate. Alizarin Red S staining showed dramatic calcium deposition in the aorta of rats with VC, while calcium contents and ALP activity also increased in calcified aorta. Protein levels of apelin and APJ were decreased in the calcified aorta. In rats with VC, apelin treatment significantly ameliorated aortic calcification, compliance and stimulation of ERS. The ameliorative effect of apelin on VC and ERS was also observed in calcified VSMCs. ERS stimulator (tunicamycin or DTT) blocked the beneficial effect of apelin. Apelin treatment activated the PI3K/Akt signaling, blockage of which by wortmannin or inhibitor IV prevented the ameliorative effect of apelin, while ERS inhibitor 4-PBA rescued the blockade effect of wortmannin. Akt-induced GSK inhibition prevented the phosphorylation of PERK and IRE1, and the activation of these two major ERS branches. F13A blocked the ameliorative effect of apelin on VC and ERS, which was reversed by treatment with 4-PBA or Akt activator SC79 CONCLUSIONS: Apelin ameliorated VC by binding to APJ and then prevented ERS activation by stimulating Akt signaling. These results might provide new target for therapy and prevention of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Li
- Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chines Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ziyuan Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Haigang Geng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chines Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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17
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Knight KA, Fei CH, Boland KF, Dolan DR, Golder AM, McMillan DC, Horgan PG, Black DH, Park JH, Roxburgh CSD. Aortic calcification is associated with non-infective rather than infective postoperative complications following colorectal cancer resection: an observational cohort study. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:4319-4329. [PMID: 33201280 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Complications following colorectal cancer resection are common. The degree of aortic calcification (AC) on CT has been proposed as a predictor of complications, particularly anastomotic leak. This study assessed the relationship between AC and complications in patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection. METHODS Patients from 2008 to 2016 were retrospectively identified from a prospectively maintained database. Complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo (CD) scale. Calcification was quantified on preoperative CT by visual assessment of the number of calcified quadrants in the proximal and distal aorta. Scores were grouped into categories: none, minor (< median AC score) and major (> median AC score). The relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and complications was assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS Of 657 patients, 52% had proximal AC (> median score (1)) and 75% had distal AC (> median score (4)). AC was more common in older patients and smokers. Higher burden of AC was associated with non-infective complications (proximal AC 28% vs 16%, p = 0.004, distal AC 26% vs 14% p = 0.001) but not infective complications (proximal AC 28% vs 29%, p = 0.821, distal AC 29% vs 23%, p = 0.240) or anastomotic leak (proximal AC 6% vs 4%, p = 0.334, distal AC 7% vs 3%, p = 0.077). Independent predictors of complications included open surgery (OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.43-2.79, p = 0.001), rectal resection (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.07-2.12, p = 0.018) and smoking (OR 2.56, 95%CI 1.42-4.64, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that high levels of AC are associated with non-infective complications after colorectal cancer surgery and not anastomotic leak. KEY POINTS • Aortic calcification measured by visual quantification of the number of calcified quadrants at two aortic levels on preoperative CT is associated with clinical outcome following colorectal cancer surgery. • An increased burden of aortic calcification was associated with non-infective complications but not anastomotic leak. • Assessment of the degree of aortic calcification may help identify patients at risk of cardiorespiratory complications, improve preoperative risk stratification and assign preoperative strategies to improve fitness for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Knight
- Academic Unit of Colorectal Surgery, University of Glasgow, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 - 16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK.
| | - Chui Hon Fei
- School of Medicine, Wolfson Medical School Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kate F Boland
- School of Medicine, Wolfson Medical School Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daniel R Dolan
- School of Medicine, Wolfson Medical School Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Allan M Golder
- Academic Unit of Colorectal Surgery, University of Glasgow, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 - 16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Colorectal Surgery, University of Glasgow, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 - 16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Paul G Horgan
- Academic Unit of Colorectal Surgery, University of Glasgow, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 - 16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Douglas H Black
- Academic Unit of Colorectal Surgery, University of Glasgow, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 - 16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - James H Park
- Academic Unit of Colorectal Surgery, University of Glasgow, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 - 16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Campbell S D Roxburgh
- Academic Unit of Colorectal Surgery, University of Glasgow, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 - 16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
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18
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Yang S, Lix LM, Yan L, Walld R, Roos LL, Goguen S, Leslie WD. Parental cardiorespiratory conditions and offspring fracture: A population-based familial linkage study. Bone 2020; 139:115557. [PMID: 32730928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of parental cardiorespiratory conditions on fracture risk is unclear. We examined the associations between parental cardiorespiratory conditions and offspring fracture risk. METHODS In this population-based retrospective cohort study, we identified 279,085 offspring aged≥40 years between April 1, 1997 and December 31, 2015 with successful linkage to 273,852 mothers and 254,622 fathers. Parental cardiorespiratory conditions, including cerebral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and peripheral vascular disease, were ascertained using physician and hospital records dating back to 1979. The outcome was offspring incident major osteoporotic fracture (MOF). RESULTS During an average of 11.8 years of offspring follow-up, we identified 8762 (3.1%) incident MOF. Either parent congestive heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.19) and COPD (adjusted HR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.07-1.17) were independently associated with increased offspring MOF risk; all their false discovery rates were <0.001. Similar risk estimates were observed when analyses were performed for fathers only, mothers only or both parents, in multivariable models with and without adjustment for offspring cardiorespiratory conditions, and stratified by offspring sex and offspring incident fracture site. Parental cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction were not associated with offspring MOF. CONCLUSIONS Parental congestive heart failure and parental COPD are independent risk factors for offspring MOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Randy Walld
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leslie L Roos
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie Goguen
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - William D Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Rodrigues Júnior E, Brito CJ, Ferreira AP, Miarka B, Pérez DIV, Freitas WM, Sposito AC, Nóbrega ODT, Córdova C. Walking performance is associated with coronary artery calcification in very old adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 92:104264. [PMID: 33011430 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores have good predictive value for atherosclerosis-related outcomes in the geriatric population. The low availability of cardiac computed tomography is an obstacle to assess CAC in clinical practice. Thus, clinical signs with a good degree of association with CAC can help to estimate cardiovascular risk, particularly in low-income populations. OBJECTIVES To assess whether clinical, biochemical and functional measures explain the CAC scores in older individuals. METHODS We characterized 89 non-institutionalized older volunteers (≥ 80 years old) by means of a comprehensive biochemical and anthropometric evaluation along with assessments of CAC scores determined by computerized tomography, and tested their association with walking speed test (WS) and handgrip strength (HS) performance. RESULTS Analyses of variance showed that body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01 and p ≤ 0.03; respectively) across quartiles, so that subsequent tests were adjusted for anthropometry. ANCOVA revealed that the two lower quartiles of CAC had better performance in WS compared to the third and fourth quartiles (p ≤ 0.04). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that WS scores exhibit enough power (R2 = 0.379, p = 0.05) to explain CAC scores. There were no significant differences for HS between quartiles (p = 0.87). CONCLUSION WS is associated and explain CAC scores, and may be useful to stratify atherosclerotic burden in apparently healthy very old individuals regardless of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciro José Brito
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Miarka
- Escuela de Kinesiologia. Magister en Ciéncias de la Actividad Física y Deporte Aplicadas al Entrenamiento Rehabilitación y Reintegro deportivo, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Ignácio Valenzuela Pérez
- Escuela de Kinesiologia. Magister en Ciéncias de la Actividad Física y Deporte Aplicadas al Entrenamiento Rehabilitación y Reintegro deportivo, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | - Cláudio Córdova
- Gerontology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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20
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Shi J, Yang Y, Cheng A, Xu G, He F. Metabolism of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H613-H631. [PMID: 32762559 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00220.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the fundamental component of the medial layer of arteries and are essential for arterial physiology and pathology. It is becoming increasingly clear that VSMCs can alter their metabolism to fulfill the bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements. During vascular injury, VSMCs switch from a quiescent "contractile" phenotype to a highly migratory and proliferative "synthetic" phenotype. Recent studies have found that the phenotype switching of VSMCs is driven by a metabolic switch. Metabolic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism, have distinct, indispensable roles in normal and dysfunctional vasculature. VSMCs metabolism is also related to the metabolism of endothelial cells. In the present review, we present a brief overview of VSMCs metabolism and how it regulates the progression of several vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, systemic hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, vascular calcification, and aneurysms, and the effect of the risk factors for vascular disease (aging, cigarette smoking, and excessive alcohol drinking) on VSMC metabolism to clarify the role of VSMCs metabolism in the key pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anying Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Battistoni A, Michielon A, Marino G, Savoia C. Vascular Aging and Central Aortic Blood Pressure: From Pathophysiology to Treatment. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:299-308. [PMID: 32572706 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Large conductive arteries undergo to structural modifications by aging, eventually leading to increased vascular stiffness. As consequence, cardiovascular hemodynamic changes by increasing central blood pressure which may be also associated to the remodelling of peripheral resistance arteries that contribute to increase further the central vascular stiffness and blood pressure. These modifications resemble the ones that has been shown in essential hypertension, thus a condition of "early vascular aging" has been described in hypertensive patients. Since hypertension related target organs, particularly the heart, face aortic blood pressure rather than brachial blood pressure, it has been recently suggested that central blood pressure and other parameters of large arteries' stiffness, including pulse wave velocity (PWV), may better correlate with subclinical organ damage and might be useful to assess the cardiovascular risk of patients beyond the traditional risk factors. Different devices have been validated to measure central blood pressure and PWV, and are currently available for clinical use. The increasing application of these tools in clinical practice could improve the management of hypertensive patients by better defining the cardiovascular risk and address the antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Battistoni
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Division of Cardiology, Cardiology Unit and Chair Sant Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-37 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Michielon
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Division of Cardiology, Cardiology Unit and Chair Sant Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-37 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Marino
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Division of Cardiology, Cardiology Unit and Chair Sant Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-37 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Savoia
- Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Division of Cardiology, Cardiology Unit and Chair Sant Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-37 00189, Rome, Italy.
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Li C, Zhang S, Chen X, Ji J, Yang W, Gui T, Gai Z, Li Y. Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits TGFBR1/TAK1-mediated vascular inflammation and calcification via miR-135a-5p. Commun Biol 2020; 3:327. [PMID: 32581266 PMCID: PMC7314757 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in vascular calcification. However, only a few studies have revealed the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation under high-phosphate conditions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here, we show that inflammation resulting from the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway is involved in calcification in CKD rats or osteogenic medium-cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, miR-135a-5p is demonstrated to be a key regulator of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, which has been reported to be decreased in CKD rats. We further reveal that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation increases miR-135a-5p expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, ultimately resulting in the attenuation of vascular inflammation and calcification in CKD rats. Our findings provide advanced insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation in vascular calcification, and evidence that FXR activation could serve as a therapeutic strategy for retarding vascular calcification in CKD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Osteogenesis
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Vasculitis/genetics
- Vasculitis/metabolism
- Vasculitis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jingkang Ji
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Yunlun Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Li M, Wang Z, Shao J, Li S, Xia H, Yu L, Hu Z. Captopril Attenuates the Upregulated Connexin 43 Expression in Artery Calcification. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:215-223. [PMID: 32111501 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is commonly observed in atherosclerosis and diabetes. The renin-angiotensin II system is associated with the regulation of arterial stiffening. The aim of this study was to examine whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors captopril attenuates artery calcification. METHODS The rat model of arterial calcification was established by a combination of warfarin and vitamin K1. Two weeks after the induction of arterial calcification, captopril treatment was initiated. One week after captopril treatment, aortic arteries were examined to determine the calcification morphology and the connexin 43 expression. Matrix Gla protein (MGP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways were examined. RESULTS The morphology of the calcified arteries was significantly attenuated after captopril treatment. Consistently, captopril inhibited the increased connexin 43 expression and enhanced the decreased MGP expression in calcification arteries. Furthermore, captopril enhanced the decreased SM22 expression in calcified arteries by fluorescence assay. Finally, the calcification arteries increased the p38, p-ERK and RANKL expression, which were downregulated by captopril treatment. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that captopril attenuated the increased connexin 43 expression and enhanced the MGP and SM22 expression levels, which are associated with the inactivation of p-ERK, p38 and RANKL pathways in rat aortic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincai Li
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zexia Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Juan Shao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Suqin Li
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hongli Xia
- The Central Hospital of Xianning, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Liangzhu Yu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.
| | - Zhenwu Hu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.
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24
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Chen TC, Yen CK, Lu YC, Shi CS, Hsieh RZ, Chang SF, Chen CN. The antagonism of 6-shogaol in high-glucose-activated NLRP3 inflammasome and consequent calcification of human artery smooth muscle cells. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:5. [PMID: 31938471 PMCID: PMC6953308 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is the major reason for high mortality of cardiovascular complications for diabetes. Interleukin (IL)-1β has been implicated in this pathogenesis, but its precise role and clinical evidence have not been clearly identified. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate whether high concentration of glucose (HG), which mimics the hyperglycemia environment, could initiate vascular calcification through NLRP3/IL-1β inflammasome and the underlying mechanism. Recently, 6-shogaol, a major ginger derivate, has been elucidated its pharmaceutic role for various diseases. Therefore, the aims of this study also determined 6-shogaol effect in vascular calcification of HG initiation. Result Human artery smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were used in this study. Glucose concentrations at 5 and 25 mM were defined as normal and HG status, respectively. The results showed that HG could increase the NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1, and pro/mature IL-1β levels to induce the expressions of bone-related matrix proteins and subsequent HASMC calcification. This process was regulated by Akt activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, 6-shogaol could inhibit the Akt/ROS signaling and NLRP3/caspase 1/IL-1β inflammasome and hence attenuated HASMC calcification. Conclusions This study elucidates the detailed mechanism of HG-initiated HASMC calcification through NLRP3/caspase 1/IL-1β inflammasome and indicates a potential therapeutic role of 6-shogaol in vascular calcification complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chuan Chen
- 1Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kung Yen
- 2Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Lu
- 2Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- 3Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,4Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ze Hsieh
- 3Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,5Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- 5Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- 6Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600 Taiwan
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25
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Balla J, Balla G, Zarjou A. Ferritin in Kidney and Vascular Related Diseases: Novel Roles for an Old Player. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E96. [PMID: 31234273 PMCID: PMC6630272 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is at the forefront of a number of pivotal biological processes due to its ability to readily accept and donate electrons. However, this property may also catalyze the generation of free radicals with ensuing cellular and tissue toxicity. Accordingly, throughout evolution numerous pathways and proteins have evolved to minimize the potential hazardous effects of iron cations and yet allow for readily available iron cations in a wide variety of fundamental metabolic processes. One of the extensively studied proteins in the context of systemic and cellular iron metabolisms is ferritin. While clinicians utilize serum ferritin to monitor body iron stores and inflammation, it is important to note that the vast majority of ferritin is located intracellularly. Intracellular ferritin is made of two different subunits (heavy and light chain) and plays an imperative role as a safe iron depot. In the past couple of decades our understanding of ferritin biology has remarkably improved. Additionally, a significant body of evidence has emerged describing the significance of the kidney in iron trafficking and homeostasis. Here, we briefly discuss some of the most important findings that relate to the role of iron and ferritin heavy chain in the context of kidney-related diseases and, in particular, vascular calcification, which is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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26
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Chen YX, Huang C, Duan ZB, Xu CY, Chen Y. Klotho/FGF23 axis mediates high phosphate-induced vascular calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells via Wnt7b/β-catenin pathway. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:393-400. [PMID: 31001900 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) plays as a critical role on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and acts as a notable risk factor in cardiovascular system. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification can be triggered by high phosphate treatment; however, the explicit mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we isolated VSMCs from primary rat artery, applied β-GP (β-glycerophosphate) for inducing VSMCs calcification in vitro to explore the mechanism of phosphate-induced calcification in VSMCs. Alizarin red staining was performed to assess the mineralization in VSMCs. Calcium deposition experiment was taken to evaluate the calcium content. ALP staining was determined to assess the ALP activity. The recombinant adenoviruses were constructed for the overexpression of Klotho and FGF23, respectively. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were subjected to measure the expression of Klotho/FGF23 and correlated genes among Wnt7b/β-catenin pathway. We found that the calcium content was obviously increased and Alizarin red staining was positive in calcification group exposure with high phosphate in a time-dependent manner. The expression of Klotho and FGF23 was significantly decreased in the calcification group. However, overexpression of Klotho and FGF23 markedly reversed VSMCs calcification stimulating with high phosphate treatment. Moreover, Wnt7b/β-catenin inhibitor DKK1 could partly attenuate the effect of high phosphate on calcified VSMCs. These findings demonstrated that Klotho/FGF23 axis could modulate high phosphate-induced VSMCs calcification via Wnt7b/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our findings unravel that Klotho/FGF23- Wnt7b/β-catenin axis functions as a crucial role in the VSMCs calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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27
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Mandatori D, Pipino C, Di Tomo P, Schiavone V, Ranieri A, Pantalone S, Di Silvestre S, Di Pietrantonio N, Ucci M, Palmerini C, Failli P, Di Pietro N, Pandolfi A. Osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats and potential menaquinone-4 inhibiting effect. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19761-19773. [PMID: 30937905 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an active and cell-mediated process that shares many common features with osteogenesis. Knowledge demonstrates that in the presence of risk factors, such as hypertension, vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) lose their contractile phenotype and transdifferentiate into osteoblastic-like cells, contributing to VC development. Recently, menaquinones (MKs), also known as Vitamin K2 family, has been revealed to play an important role in cardiovascular health by decreasing VC. However, the MKs' effects and mechanisms potentially involved in vSMCs osteoblastic transdifferentiation are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of menaquinone-4 (MK-4), an isoform of MKs family, in the modulation of the vSMCs phenotype. To achieve this, vascular cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used as an in vitro model of cell vascular dysfunction. vSMCs from Wistar Kyoto normotensive rats were used as control condition. The results showed that MK-4 preserves the contractile phenotype both in control and SHR-vSMCs through a γ-glutamyl carboxylase-dependent pathway, highlighting its capability to inhibit one of the mechanisms underlying VC process. Therefore, MK-4 may have an important role in the prevention of vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis, encouraging further in-depth studies to confirm its use as a natural food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitilla Mandatori
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pamela Di Tomo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Schiavone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Ranieri
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Pantalone
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nadia Di Pietrantonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariangela Ucci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carola Palmerini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Failli
- Department of Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
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28
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Wang C, Xu W, An J, Liang M, Li Y, Zhang F, Tong Q, Huang K. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 accelerates vascular calcification by upregulating Runx2. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1203. [PMID: 30867423 PMCID: PMC6416341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in end-stage renal diseases and is predictive of cardiovascular events and mortality. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition or deletion is vasoprotective in several disease models. Here we show that PARP activity is increased in radial artery samples from patients with chronic renal failure, in arteries from uraemic rats, and in calcified vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. PARP1 deficiency blocks, whereas PARP1 overexpression exacerbates, the transdifferentiation of VSMCs from a contractile to an osteogenic phenotype, the expression of mineralization-regulating proteins, and calcium deposition. PARP1 promotes Runx2 expression, and Runx2 deficiency offsets the pro-calcifying effects of PARP1. Activated PARP1 suppresses miRNA-204 expression via the IL-6/STAT3 pathway and thus relieves the repression of its target, Runx2, resulting in increased Runx2 protein. Together, these results suggest that PARP1 counteracts vascular calcification and that therapeutic agents that influence PARP1 activity may be of benefit to treat vascular calcification. Vascular calcification is a hallmark of end stage renal disease. Here, Cheng et al. show that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity is increased in calcified arteries in patients and uremic rats, and that PARP1 promotes vascular calcification by suppressing miR-204 expression via IL-6/STAT3 signaling, thus relieving repression of the osteogenic regulator Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jie An
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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He K, Sun H, Zhang J, Zheng R, Gu J, Luo M, Shao Y. Rab7‑mediated autophagy regulates phenotypic transformation and behavior of smooth muscle cells via the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in human aortic dissection. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3105-3113. [PMID: 30816458 PMCID: PMC6423587 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy regulates the metabolism, survival and function of numerous types of cell, including cells that comprise the cardiovascular system. The dysfunction of autophagy has been demonstrated in atherosclerosis, restenotic lesions and hypertensive vessels. As a member of the Ras GTPase superfamily, Rab7 serves a significant role in the regulation of autophagy. The present study evaluated how Rab7 affects the proliferation and invasion, and phenotypic transformations of aortic dissection (AD) smooth muscle cells (SMCs) via autophagy. Rab7 was overexpressed in AD tissues and the percentage of synthetic human aortic SMCs (HASMCs) was higher in AD tissues compared with NAD tissues. Downregulation of Rab7 decreased cell growth, reduced the number of invasive cells and decreased the percentage cells in the G1 phase. Autophagy of HASMCs was inhibited following Rab7 knockdown. Inhibition of autophagy with 3‑methyladenine or Rab7 knockdown suppressed the phenotypic conversion of contractile to synthetic HASMCs. The action of Rab7 may be mediated by inhibiting the Ras/Raf/mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results revealed that Rab7‑mediated autophagy regulated the behavior of SMCs and the phenotypic transformations in AD via activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. The findings of the present study may improve understanding of the role Rab7 in the molecular etiology of AD and suggests the application of Rab7 as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshuai He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Haoliang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxi Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Zhu Y, Ma WQ, Han XQ, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu NF. Advanced glycation end products accelerate calcification in VSMCs through HIF-1α/PDK4 activation and suppress glucose metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13730. [PMID: 30213959 PMCID: PMC6137084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial media calcification is associated with diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have shown that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are responsible for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), one of the major factors during hypoxia, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), an important mitochondrial matrix enzyme in cellular metabolism shift, have been reported in VSMC calcification. The potential link among HIF-1α, PDK4, and AGEs-induced vascular calcification was investigated in this study. We observed that AGEs elevated HIF-1α and PDK4 expression levels in a dose-dependent manner and that maximal stimulation was attained at 24 h. Two important HIF-1α-regulated genes, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), were significantly increased after AGEs exposure. Stabilization or nuclear translocation of HIF-1α increased PDK4 expression. PDK4 inhibition attenuated AGEs-induced VSMC calcification, which was evaluated by measuring the calcium content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression levels and by Alizarin red S staining. In addition, the glucose consumption, lactate production, key enzymes of glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were decreased during AGEs-induced VSMC calcification. In conclusion, this study suggests that AGEs accelerate vascular calcification partly through the HIF-1α/PDK4 pathway and suppress glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Qiong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.
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Wei X, Wu W, Li L, Lin J, Liu Q, Gan L, Ou S. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 2/4 Are Upregulated during the Early Development of Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8371604. [PMID: 29850574 PMCID: PMC5925148 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8371604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a main cause of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This study aimed to investigate the role of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in the early development of vascular calcification in CKD. A CKD vascular calcification rat model was established by providing rats with a 1.8% high-phosphorus diet and an intragastric administration of 2.5% adenine suspension. The kidney and aortic pathologies were analyzed. Blood biochemical indicators, serum BMP-2 and BMP-4 levels, and aortic calcium content were determined. The expression levels of BMP-2, BMP-4, bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IA (BMPR-IA), and matrix Gla protein (MGP) in aorta were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the normal control (Nor) rats, the CKD rats exhibited a significantly decreased body weight and an increased kidney weight as well as abnormal renal function and calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Aortic von Kossa and Alizarin red staining showed massive granular deposition and formation of calcified nodules in aorta at 8 weeks. The aortic calcium content was significantly increased, which was positively correlated with the serum BMP-2 (r = 0.929; P < 0.01) and serum BMP-4 (r = 0.702; P < 0.01) levels in CKD rats. The rat aortic BMP-2 mRNA level in the CKD rats was persistently increased, and the BMP-4 mRNA level was prominently increased at the 4th week, declining thereafter. Strong staining of BMP-2, BMP-4, BMPR-IA, and MGP proteins was observed in the tunica media of the aorta from the 4th week after model induction. In conclusion, activation of the BMP signaling pathway is involved in the early development of vascular calcification in CKD. Therefore, elevated serum BMP-2 and BMP-4 levels may serve as serum markers for CKD vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jiaru Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Linwang Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Santao Ou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Karpiński M, Popko J, Maresz K, Badmaev V, Stohs SJ. Roles of Vitamins D and K, Nutrition, and Lifestyle in Low-Energy Bone Fractures in Children and Young Adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 36:399-412. [PMID: 28686548 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1307791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The research on skeletal system health in children and young adults, while recognizing the important role of calcium and vitamin D, goes beyond these nutritional standards. This review focuses on the role of vitamin K in combination with vitamin D and other factors in bone health. The current understanding is that maintaining bone health and prevention of low-energy fractures in any pediatric population includes nutritional factors combined with an active lifestyle. Calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin K supplementation contribute independently and collectively to bone health. The beneficial role of vitamin K, particularly vitamin K2 as menaquinone-7 (MK-7), in bone and cardiovascular health is reasonably well supported scientifically, with several preclinical, epidemiological, and clinical studies published over the last decade. Osteocalcin and matrix-Gla (glutamate-containing) protein (MGP) exemplify vitamin K-dependent proteins involved in building bone matrix and keeping calcium from accumulating in the arterial walls, respectively. An important part of the mechanism of vitamin K involves carboxylation and posttranslational activation of the family of vitamin K-dependent proteins, which prevent expression of pro-inflammatory factors and support improvement in bone mineral concentration, bone mineral density, and the quality of bone matrix. Understanding the combined approach to a healthy skeletal system in children and young adults, including the roles of vitamins D and K, calcium, healthy diet, and exercise, is particularly important in view of reports of subclinical insufficiency of vitamins D and K in otherwise healthy pediatric populations with low-energy bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Karpiński
- a Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Janusz Popko
- b Medical Institute of the State College of Computer Science and Business Administration , Łomża , Poland
| | | | | | - Sidney J Stohs
- e Creighton University Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska
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Caccamo D, Ricca S, Currò M, Ientile R. Health Risks of Hypovitaminosis D: A Review of New Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030892. [PMID: 29562608 PMCID: PMC5877753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D has become a pandemic, being observed in all ethnicities and age groups worldwide. Environmental factors, such as increased air pollution and reduced ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, as well as lifestyle factors, i.e., decreased outdoor activities and/or poor intake of vitamin D-rich food, are likely involved in the etiology of a dramatic reduction of vitamin D circulating levels. The insufficiency/deficiency of vitamin D has long been known for its association with osteoporosis and rickets. However, in the last few decades it has become a serious public health concern since it has been shown to be independently associated with various chronic pathological conditions such as cancer, coronary heart disease, neurological diseases, type II diabetes, autoimmune diseases, depression, with various inflammatory disorders, and with increased risk for all-cause mortality in the general population. Prevention strategies for these disorders have recently involved supplementation with either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 or their analogs at required daily doses and tolerable upper-limit levels. This review will focus on the emerging evidence about non-classical biological functions of vitamin D in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sergio Ricca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Scimeca M, Bischetti S, Lamsira HK, Bonfiglio R, Bonanno E. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis: A powerful tool in biomedical research and diagnosis. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62:2841. [PMID: 29569878 PMCID: PMC5907194 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis is a technique of elemental analysis associated to electron microscopy based on the generation of characteristic Xrays that reveals the presence of elements present in the specimens. The EDX microanalysis is used in different biomedical fields by many researchers and clinicians. Nevertheless, most of the scientific community is not fully aware of its possible applications. The spectrum of EDX microanalysis contains both semi-qualitative and semi-quantitative information. EDX technique is made useful in the study of drugs, such as in the study of drugs delivery in which the EDX is an important tool to detect nanoparticles (generally, used to improve the therapeutic performance of some chemotherapeutic agents). EDX is also used in the study of environmental pollution and in the characterization of mineral bioaccumulated in the tissues. In conclusion, the EDX can be considered as a useful tool in all works that require element determination, endogenous or exogenous, in the tissue, cell or any other sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Biomedicine and Prevention.
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35
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Luo X, Liu J, Zhou H, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A critical regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5180-5188. [PMID: 29215755 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
APJ, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is first identified through homology cloning in 1993. Apelin is endogenous ligand of APJ extracted from bovine stomach tissue in 1998. Apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in many kinds of cells such as endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, especially vascular smooth muscle cell. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), an integral part of the vascular wall, takes part in many normal physiological processes. Our experiment firstly finds that apelin/APJ system enhances VSMC proliferation by ERK1/2-cyclin D1 signal pathway. Accumulating studies also show that apelin/APJ system plays a pivotal role in mediating the function of VSMC. In this paper, we review the exact role of apelin/APJ system in VSMC, including induction of proliferation and migration, enhance of contraction and relaxation, inhibition of calcification. Furthermore, we discuss the role of apelin/APJ system in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the point of VSMC. Above all, apelin/APJ system is a promising target for managing vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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36
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Deng Y, Lin C, Zhou HJ, Min W. Smooth muscle cell differentiation: Mechanisms and models for vascular diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-017-1473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Molinuevo MS, Fernández JM, Cortizo AM, McCarthy AD, Schurman L, Sedlinsky C. Advanced glycation end products and strontium ranelate promote osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro: Preventive role of vitamin D. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 450:94-104. [PMID: 28456475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGE) have been demonstrated to induce the osteogenic trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Strontium ranelate (SR) is an anti-osteoporotic agent that has both anti-catabolic and anabolic actions on bone tissue. However, in the last years SR has been associated with an increase of cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that SR can increase the osteoblastic trans-differentiation of VSMC and the induction of extracellular calcifications, an effect that could be potentiated in the presence of AGE and inhibited by simultaneous administration of vitamin D. The present results of our in vitro experiments demonstrate that AGE and SR alone or in combination, stimulate L-type calcium channels, causing an increase in reactive oxygen species and activation of both ERK and NFkB, with the final effect of promoting the osteogenic shift of VSMC. Importantly, these in vitro effects of AGE and/or SR can be prevented by co-incubation with vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Silvina Molinuevo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Fernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana María Cortizo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Desmond McCarthy
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - León Schurman
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia Sedlinsky
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115, (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
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Sittner D, Huhse B, Steinfath M, Luch A, Seiler AE. Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells as a Model for Assessing Developmental Bone ToxicityIn Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sittner
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Huhse
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Steinfath
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea E.M. Seiler
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Zhu M, Fang X, Zhou S, Li W, Guan S. Indirect co‑culture of vascular smooth muscle cells with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits vascular calcification and downregulates the Wnt signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5141-8. [PMID: 27121342 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is widely considered to be a crucial clinical indicator of cardiovascular disease. Recently, certain properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been hypothesized to have potential in treating cardiovascular diseases. However, their effect on the initiation and progression of VC remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate whether MSCs indirectly mediate VC and their impact on the Wnt signaling pathways. A Transwell system was selected to establish the indirect co‑culture environment, and hence, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were indirectly co‑cultured in the presence or absence of MSCs at a ratio of 1:1. Osteogenic medium (OS) was added to imitate a calcifying environment. Fourteen days later, VSMCs in the lower layers of the Transwell plates were harvested. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium nodules were markedly increased in calcific VSMCs induced by OS. However, these parameters were significantly decreased in VSMCs by indirectly co‑culturing with MSCs in the same medium. Furthermore, the messenger RNA expression levels of osteopontin and osteoprotegerin were notably increased in VSMCs cultured in OS, but reduced by indirect interaction with MSCs. In addition, the activities of canonical and noncanonical Wnt ligands, wingless‑type MMTV integration site family, number 5A (Wnt5a), receptor tyrosine kinase‑like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) and β‑catenin, which are important in the process of VC, were downregulated by indirect contact with MSCs in OS. Thus, indirect co‑culture with MSCs inhibits VC and downregulates the Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng'en Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqiong Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Siming Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Shavit L, Girfoglio D, Kirkham A, Allen D, Ferraro PM, Moochhala S, Unwin R. Increased renal papillary density in kidney stone formers detectable by CT scan is a potential marker of stone risk, but is unrelated to underlying hypercalciuria. Urolithiasis 2016; 44:471-5. [PMID: 27023714 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several previous studies have reported an increase in Hounsfield unit density of the renal papillae in patients with nephrolithiasis compared with controls. Kidney stone formers (KSF) were found to have higher papillary and cortical density in both kidneys, irrespective of which side had calculi, and it was proposed that this might be related to the presence of underlying hypercalciuria. The current study was designed: (1) to determine whether recurrent KSF do have higher papillary density compared with healthy controls; (2) to test an association between higher renal papillary density and the presence of hypercalciuria in KSF. This retrospective case-matched controlled study was carried out at the Royal Free Hospital, London, UK. We investigated 111 patients, 57 of whom were KSF and 54 healthy controls. The CT attenuation values were measured within a 0.2 cm(2) area of the renal papilla in the upper, middle, and lower segments of each kidney, and were compared between KSF and non-stone formers, and between KSF with and without hypercalciuria. There were no significant differences in age and sex between groups. Papillary density was significantly higher in KSF by both crude and adjusted analyses (p < 0.001). However, there was no association between higher papillary density and hypercalciuria in KSF. The papillary density measured by CT is a useful, non-invasive tool to differentiate between KSF and healthy controls. The absence of any correlation between papillary density and hypercalciuria suggests that the presence of clinically significant underlying renal stone disease, rather than urinary metabolic abnormalities, correlates with radiologically detectable increased papillary density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Shavit
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, UK. .,Adult Nephrology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, PO Box 3235, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel.
| | - Daniela Girfoglio
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Alex Kirkham
- UCL Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Darrell Allen
- Urology Department, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Shabbir Moochhala
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Robert Unwin
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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Gargiulo S, Gamba P, Testa G, Leonarduzzi G, Poli G. The role of oxysterols in vascular ageing. J Physiol 2016; 594:2095-113. [PMID: 26648329 DOI: 10.1113/jp271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing endothelium progressively loses its remarkable and crucial ability to maintain homeostasis of the vasculature, as it acquires a proinflammatory phenotype. Cellular and structural changes gradually accumulate in the blood vessels, and markedly in artery walls. Most changes in aged arteries are comparable to those occurring during the atherogenic process, the latter being more marked: pro-oxidant and proinflammatory molecules, mainly deriving from or triggered by oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), are undoubtedly a major driving force of this process. Oxysterols, quantitatively relevant components of oxLDLs, are likely candidate molecules in the pathogenesis of vascular ageing, because of their marked pro-oxidant, proinflammatory and proapoptotic properties. An increasing bulk of experimental data point to the contribution of a variety of oxysterols of pathophysiological interest, also in the age-related genesis of endothelium dysfunction, intimal thickening due to lipid accumulation, and smooth muscle cell migration and arterial stiffness due to increasing collagen deposition and calcification. This review provides an updated analysis of the molecular mechanisms whereby oxysterols accumulating in the wall of ageing blood vessels may 'activate' endothelial and monocytic cells, through expression of an inflammatory phenotype, and 'convince' smooth muscle cells to proliferate, migrate and, above all, to act as fibroblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Wang Z, Li L, Du R, Yan J, Liu N, Yuan W, Jiang Y, Xu S, Ye F, Yuan G, Zhang B, Liu P. CML/RAGE signal induces calcification cascade in diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:83. [PMID: 28035243 PMCID: PMC5192585 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is a significant predictor of coronary heart disease events, stroke, and lower-limb amputation. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) play a key role in the development of vascular calcification. However, the role of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a major active ingredient of heterogeneous AGEs, in the development of atherosclerotic calcification in diabetic patients and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Hence, the role and the mechanism of CML in the transmission pathway of diabetic calcification cascade were investigated in the present study. METHODS In vivo and in vitro investigations were performed. In study I, 45 diabetic patients hospitalized for above-knee amputation in the Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University were recruited from February 2010 to June 2015. The patients were categorized based on the severity of anterior tibial artery stenosis, which was assessed by color Doppler ultrasound, into mild stenosis (0% < stenosis < 50%, n = 15), moderate stenosis (50 ≤ stenosis < 70%, n = 15), and severe stenosis/occlusion groups (70 ≤ stenosis ≤ 100%, n = 15). In study II, the specific mechanism of CML in the transmission pathway of the diabetic calcification cascade signal was investigated in A7r5 aortic smooth muscle cells under high-lipid, apoptosis-coexisting conditions. ELISA (for serum CML concentration of patients), ultrasound (for plaque size, calcification, blood flow filling, vascular stenosis etc.), H&E staining (for plaque morphology), vonKossa staining (for qualitative analysis of calcification), calcium content assay (for quantitative analysis of calcification), and Western blot analyses of CML, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), NADPH oxidase 4, phosphorylated p38, core-binding factor α1 (cbfα1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and β-actin were then performed. RESULTS Morphological analysis revealed extensive calcification lesions in the intima and media of the anterior tibial artery. The extent and area of calcium deposition in the intima significantly increased with disease progression. Interestingly, spotty calcification was predominant in the atherosclerotic plaques of diabetic patients with amputation, and macrocalcification was almost invisible. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum CML level exhibited a significant positive correlation with calcium content in the arterial wall (R2 = 0.6141, P < 0.0001). Semi-quantitative Western blot analysis suggested that the intensity of CML/RAGE signal increased with progression of atherosclerotic calcification in diabetic patients. In subsequent in vitro study, the related pathway was blocked by anti-RAGE antibody, NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI, p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and anti-cbfa1 antibody in a step-wise manner to observe changes in calcium deposition and molecular signals. Results suggested that CML may play a key role in atherosclerotic calcification mainly through the CML/RAGE- reactive oxygen species (ROS)-p38MAPK-cbfα1-ALP pathway. CONCLUSION Spotty calcification was predominant in the atherosclerotic plaques of amputated diabetic patients. CML/RAGE signal may induce the calcification cascade in diabetes via ROS-p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- Department and Institute of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Yicheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital, Huaian, 223300 China
| | - Suining Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Baohai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Peijing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
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Effects of photodynamic therapy mediated by nanoemulsion containing chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine: a histologic and immunohistochemical study in human gingiva. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:592-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Lee SY, Hyun YY, Lee KB, Kim H. Low serum magnesium is associated with coronary artery calcification in a Korean population at low risk for cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:1056-1061. [PMID: 26472514 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies suggested an association between low serum magnesium levels and metabolic or cardiovascular disease. Additionally, several studies have shown that low serum magnesium is associated with vascular calcification, but there are no studies exploring its relation to coronary artery calcification (CAC). We investigated the relationship between low serum magnesium and CAC by using health examination data. METHODS AND RESULTS We cross-sectionally analyzed 34,553 participants who underwent coronary multi-detector computed tomography and serum magnesium level measurement in 2010-2012 as part of a health examination program at a tertiary hospital in Korea. CAC was defined as a coronary artery calcium score > 100. Participants were divided into three groups according to their serum magnesium level as follows: low < 1.9 mg/dL (n = 931), normal = 1.9-2.3 mg/dL (n = 32,341), and high > 2.3 mg/dL (n = 1281). The percentages of participants with CAC were 3.7, 1.5, and 2.3 in each group, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, low serum magnesium was associated with CAC after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, systolic BP, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, eGFR, serum calcium and phosphorus, hsCRP, current smoking status, alcohol intake and vigorous exercise frequency. The odds ratio for CAC in the low serum magnesium group compared to the normal group was 2.10 (1.40-3.15, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Low serum magnesium level is associated with CAC in a Korean population at low risk for cardiovascular disease. Further studies are needed to generalize this finding and to verify the causal relationship between low serum magnesium and CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Y Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Republic of Korea.
| | - K B Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Republic of Korea
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Systemic Autoimmune, Rheumatic Diseases and Coinciding Psoriasis: Data from a Large Single-Centre Registry and Review of the Literature. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:657907. [PMID: 26339139 PMCID: PMC4539075 DOI: 10.1155/2015/657907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic immune-inflammatory disease characterized by chronic or recurrent skin symptoms, psoriatic arthritis, enthesopathy, and uveitis. Psoriasis has recently been published to appear with various autoimmune disorders, but the coexistence has been systematically reviewed by only few studies until now. In the present study, charts and electronic database of 4344 patients with various systemic autoimmune disorders, under regular medical control at our department, were reviewed retrospectively searching for association with psoriasis. Hereby, we demonstrate 25 psoriatic patients coinciding with various systemic autoimmune diseases. The coexistence of psoriasis and autoimmune diseases resulted in the worsening of the clinical outcome of the autoimmune diseases as indicated by higher frequency and dosages of glucocorticoid use, need for biologicals, and other comorbidities. These results suggest common environmental and genetic background as well as therapeutic possibilities in the future.
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Shang X, Sanders KM, Scott D, Khan B, Hodge A, Khan N, English DR, Giles GG, Ebeling PR. Dietary α-Linolenic Acid and Total ω-3 Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated with Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Older Women, but Not in Older Men. J Nutr 2015; 145:1778-86. [PMID: 26041673 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.211789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus decosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) intakes with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) are not well understood. OBJECTIVE This study explored the associations between baseline and long-term changes in ω-3 FA consumption and AAC severity among community-dwelling older men and women. METHODS The present study used a subset of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study in which participants were interviewed in 1990-1994 and again in 2010-2011. Dietary intake was evaluated at both baseline and follow-up with use of food-frequency questionnaires. AAC severity was assessed by both lateral thoraco-lumbar radiography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at follow-up. RESULTS A total of 312 participants aged 45-64 y old at baseline were followed for a duration of (mean ± SD) 18 ± 1 y. Baseline energy-adjusted ALA intake tended to be inversely associated with AAC severity by radiography [OR (95% CI) for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 0.49 (0.23, 1.02), P-trend: 0.06] and was inversely associated with AAC severity by DXA [OR (95% CI) for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 0.37 (0.16, 0.83)] in women, after adjustment for confounders. Women in the third tertile of total ω-3 FA intake had significantly lower AAC severity by radiography [OR (95% CI): 0.33 (0.16, 0.71)] and DXA [OR (95% CI): 0.27 (0.12, 0.62)] than those in the first tertile. Changes in tertile of ω-3 FA intake over 18 y were not found to be associated with AAC severity in either men or women. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that dietary ALA and total ω-3 FA intakes are both important predictors of the development of AAC in older women, but not in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Shang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Australia;
| | - Kerrie M Sanders
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belal Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, Delhi, India
| | - Allison Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Nayab Khan
- Department of Radiology, Diwan Chand Satyapal Aggarwaal Diagnostic Imaging Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; and
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Farrokhi E, GhatrehSamani K, Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori M, Tabatabaiefar MA. Effect of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein on the Expression of Runx2 and SPARC Genes in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 19:160-4. [PMID: 26025968 PMCID: PMC4571011 DOI: 10.7508/ibj.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Vascular calcification is an important stage in atherosclerosis. During this stage, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) synthesize many osteogenic factors such as osteonectin (encoded by SPARC). Oxidative stress plays a critical role in atherosclerosis progression, and its accumulation in the vascular wall stimulates the development of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. The osteonectin overexpression has been observed in the arterial wall during the course of atherosclerosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-mediated vascular calcification remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxLDL on the osteonectin gene expression through the Runx2 transcription factor. Methods: In this experimental study, VSMC were cultured in F-12K media and then treated with oxLDL. The expression of Runx2 and osteonectin genes was determined by real-time PCR method. Protein levels were investigated by the western blotting technique. The Runx2 gene was knocked down using siRNA in order to determine whether Runx2 regulates the osteonectin expression in VSMC induced by oxLDL. Then transfected cells were treated with oxLDL, and the expression levels of Runx2 and osteonectin were determined again. Results: oxLDL was found to increase Runx2 and osteonectin gene expression (4.8 ± 0.47- and 9.2 ± 1.96-fold, respectively) after 48 h. Western blotting analysis confirmed the induced levels of Runx2 and osteonectin proteins. However, oxLDL-induced osteonectin expression was not observed to be blocked by Runx2 knockdown. Conclusion: The up-regulation of osteonectin by oxLDL is independent of Runx2, and it may be mediated by other transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Farrokhi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Keihan GhatrehSamani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Dept. of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Vascular biology of ageing-Implications in hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:112-21. [PMID: 25896391 PMCID: PMC4534766 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with functional, structural and mechanical changes in arteries that closely resemble the vascular alterations in hypertension. Characteristic features of large and small arteries that occur with ageing and during the development of hypertension include endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodelling, inflammation, calcification and increased stiffness. Arterial changes in young hypertensive patients mimic those in old normotensive individuals. Hypertension accelerates and augments age-related vascular remodelling and dysfunction, and ageing may impact on the severity of vascular damage in hypertension, indicating close interactions between biological ageing and blood pressure elevation. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying vascular alterations in ageing and hypertension are common and include aberrant signal transduction, oxidative stress and activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic transcription factors. Strategies to suppress age-associated vascular changes could ameliorate vascular damage associated with hypertension. An overview on the vascular biology of ageing and hypertension is presented and novel molecular mechanisms contributing to these processes are discussed. The complex interaction between biological ageing and blood pressure elevation on the vasculature is highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: CV Ageing.
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Shavit L, Girfoglio D, Vijay V, Goldsmith D, Ferraro PM, Moochhala SH, Unwin R. Vascular calcification and bone mineral density in recurrent kidney stone formers. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10:278-85. [PMID: 25635036 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.06030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent epidemiologic studies have provided evidence for an association between nephrolithiasis and cardiovascular disease, although the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Vascular calcification (VC) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and the hypothesis explored in this study is that VC is more prevalent in calcium kidney stone formers (KSFs). The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether recurrent calcium KSFs have more VC and osteoporosis compared with controls and (2) whether hypercalciuria is related to VC in KSFs. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This is a retrospective, matched case-control study that included KSFs attending an outpatient nephrology clinic of the Royal Free Hospital (London, UK) from 2011 to 2014. Age- and sex-matched non-stone formers were drawn from a list of potential living kidney donors from the same hospital. A total of 111 patients were investigated, of which 57 were KSFs and 54 were healthy controls. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed using available computed tomography (CT) imaging. The prevalence, severity, and associations of AAC and CT BMD between KSFs and non-stone formers were compared. RESULTS Mean age was 47±14 years in KSFs and 47±13 in non-stone formers. Men represented 56% and 57% of KSFs and non-stone formers, respectively. The prevalence of AAC was similar in both groups (38% in KSFs versus 35% in controls, P=0.69). However, the AAC severity score (median [25th percentile, 75th percentile]) was significantly higher in KSFs compared with the control group (0 [0, 43] versus 0 [0, 10], P<0.001). In addition, the average CT BMD was significantly lower in KSFs (159±53 versus 194 ±48 Hounsfield units, P<0.001). A multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, high BP, diabetes, smoking status, and eGFR confirmed that KSFs have higher AAC scores and lower CT BMD compared with non-stone formers (P<0.001 for both). Among stone formers, the association between AAC score and hypercalciuria was not statistically significant (P=0.86). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that patients with calcium kidney stones suffer from significantly higher degrees of aortic calcification than age- and sex-matched non-stone formers, suggesting that VC may be an underlying mechanism explaining reported associations between nephrolithiasis and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, bone demineralization is more prominent in KSFs. However, more data are needed to confirm the possibility of potentially common underlying mechanisms leading to extraosseous calcium deposition and osteoporosis in KSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Shavit
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Adult Nephrology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Daniela Girfoglio
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Vijay
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldsmith
- Nephrology and Transplantation, King's Health Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Shabbir H Moochhala
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Unwin
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The physiological and biomedical importance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been fully recognized in the cardiovascular system as well as in the rest of the body. In blood vessels, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) is a major H2S-producing enzyme expressed in both smooth muscle and endothelium as well as periadventitial adipose tissues. Regulation of H2S production from CSE is controlled by a complex integration of transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational mechanisms in blood vessels. In smooth muscle cells, H2S regulates cell apoptosis, phenotypic switch, relaxation and contraction, and calcification. In endothelial cells, H2S controls cell proliferation, cellular senescence, oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. H2S interacts with nitric oxide and acts as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor and an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. H2S generated from periadventitial adipose tissues acts as an adipocyte-derived relaxing factor and modulates the vascular tone. Extensive evidence has demonstrated the beneficial roles of the CSE/H2S system in various blood vessel diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aortic aneurysm. The important roles signaling in the cardiovascular system merit further intensive and extensive investigation. H2S-releasing agents and CSE activators will find their great applications in the prevention and treatment of blood vessel-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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