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Salehi A, Shariat A. Comparative performance of Populus spp. and Salix spp. for growth, nutrition, and heavy metal uptake in a wastewater hydroponic system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1369-1378. [PMID: 38415612 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2321597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to ascertain the growth, biomass, and phytoremediation capacity of poplars and willow cultivated using wastewater in a hydroponic system. The cuttings were exposed to two water treatments for eight weeks: (1) tap water supply with 1/4 strength Hoagland's solution (TW) as a control and (2) urban raw wastewater with 1/4 strength Hoagland's solution (WW) in a completely randomized experimental design and growth parameters and nutrient and heavy metal content distribution in various plant tissues were assessed. Our results suggest that compared with the TW, seven studied species/clones revealed an increase in growth and biomass parameters (stem height by 16.4%, and root, shoot, and total biomass by 37.3%, 26.9%, and 29.3%, respectively) caused by WW treatment, except the root length and stem diameter that remained the same under two water treatments. Poplars and willow showed a remarkable variability in growth and biomass parameters, with the highest stem diameter, stem height, and root, shoot, and total biomass in Populus nigra L. 62.154. Expression of growth responses to WW treatment with tolerance indices (Tis) indicated the tested poplars and willow as highly tolerant (Ti >100%) with no significant differences among them based on this index. Plant analysis showed that WW treatment increased the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in the shoots and roots. Overall, under both water treatments, the capability of the tested species/clones to uptake and accumulate micro-nutrients (except copper (Cu) in shoots) and heavy metals (except chromium (Cr) in shoots) in the plant tissues varied noticeably. However, for all tested plants, the roots had higher concentrations of micro-nutrients (iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and Cu concentrations in the roots were about 36.8%, 107.6%, and 30.1% of that in the shoots, respectively) and heavy metals (nickel (Ni), Cr, and lead (Pb) concentrations in the roots were about 115.3%, 344.2%, and 198.9% of that in the shoots, respectively), suggesting their capability for micro-nutrients and heavy metals rhizofiltration. Concerning obtained results under hydroponic culture, it can be concluded that these poplars and willow might be promising candidates for wastewater applications. However, data obtained by a hydroponic system need to be confirmed in pot and field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Salehi
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Shariat
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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Shah IH, Manzoor MA, Jinhui W, Li X, Hameed MK, Rehaman A, Li P, Zhang Y, Niu Q, Chang L. Comprehensive review: Effects of climate change and greenhouse gases emission relevance to environmental stress on horticultural crops and management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119978. [PMID: 38169258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change exerts a significant impact on sustainable horticultural crop production and quality. Rising Global temperatures have compelled the agricultural community to adjust planting and harvesting schedules, often necessitating earlier crop cultivation. Notably, climate change introduces a suite of ominous factors, such as greenhouse gas emissions (CGHs), including elevated temperature, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) ozone depletion (O3), and deforestation, all of which intensify environmental stresses on crops. Consequently, climate change stands poised to adversely affect crop yields and livestock production. Therefore, the primary objective of the review article is to furnish a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted factors influencing horticulture production, encompassing fruits, vegetables, and plantation crops with a particular emphasis on greenhouse gas emissions and environmental stressors such as high temperature, drought, salinity, and emission of CO2. Additionally, this review will explore the implementation of novel horticultural crop varieties and greenhouse technology that can contribute to mitigating the adverse impact of climate change on agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain Shah
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wu Jinhui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xuyang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Muhammad Khalid Hameed
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Asad Rehaman
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Pengli Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yidong Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Qingliang Niu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Liying Chang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Li Y, Rahman SU, Qiu Z, Shahzad SM, Nawaz MF, Huang J, Naveed S, Li L, Wang X, Cheng H. Toxic effects of cadmium on the physiological and biochemical attributes of plants, and phytoremediation strategies: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121433. [PMID: 36907241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities pose a more significant threat to the environment than natural phenomena by contaminating the environment with heavy metals. Cadmium (Cd), a highly poisonous heavy metal, has a protracted biological half-life and threatens food safety. Plant roots absorb Cd due to its high bioavailability through apoplastic and symplastic pathways and translocate it to shoots through the xylem with the help of transporters and then to the edible parts via the phloem. The uptake and accumulation of Cd in plants pose deleterious effects on plant physiological and biochemical processes, which alter the morphology of vegetative and reproductive parts. In vegetative parts, Cd stunts root and shoot growth, photosynthetic activities, stomatal conductance, and overall plant biomass. Plants' male reproductive parts are more prone to Cd toxicity than female reproductive parts, ultimately affecting their grain/fruit production and survival. To alleviate/avoid/tolerate Cd toxicity, plants activate several defense mechanisms, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, Cd-tolerant gene up-regulations, and phytohormonal secretion. Additionally, plants tolerate Cd through chelating and sequestering as part of the intracellular defensive mechanism with the help of phytochelatins and metallothionein proteins, which help mitigate the harmful effects of Cd. The knowledge on the impact of Cd on plant vegetative and reproductive parts and the plants' physiological and biochemical responses can help selection of the most effective Cd-mitigating/avoiding/tolerating strategy to manage Cd toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Jianzhi Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Grygar TM, Hošek M, Elznicová J, Machová I, Kubát K, Adamec S, Tůmová Š, Rohovec J, Navrátil T. Mobilisation of Cd, Mn, and Zn in floodplains by action of plants and its consequences for spreading historical contamination and fluvial geochemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40461-40477. [PMID: 36609757 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, Mn, and Zn are mobilised by plants commonly growing in floodplains, most notably willows (Salix) and alder (Alnus). These plants accumulate unwanted elements (Cd) or excessive element concentrations (Mn, Zn) in their foliage, thus introducing them into the food web and enriching them in floodplain surface by litterfall. In floodplain of the Litavka River in Czechia, contaminated by historical mining activities, up to 100 mg kg-1 Cd and up to several thousand mg kg-1 Mn and Zn are present in willow leaves in autumn, probably close maxima for sustainable plant growth. Willows and alders show seasonal growth of their foliar Mn and Zn. The willow leaves showed Cd/Zn larger than contaminated fluvisol of the Litavka River. Senesced willow leaves thus contribute to spread of risk elements from historically contaminated floodplains back to river water even without the bank erosion. Alders and willows alter geochemical cycles of Cd, Mn, and Zn in fluvial systems and increase Cd/Zn and Mn/Fe concentration ratios and Cd and Mn concentrations in fluvially transported particles relative to global geochemical averages as well as relative to floodplain sediments. Willows, in particular Salix fragilis L., S. aurita L, and S. cinerea L are particularly important "plant pumps". Other common floodplain plants, such as bird cherry (Prunus padus L.) and herbaceous plants (common nettle, Urtica dioica L. and grasses, Poaceae) do not contribute to those phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Matys Grygar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec 1001, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Hošek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec 1001, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environment, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Elznicová
- Faculty of Environment, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Machová
- Faculty of Environment, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kubát
- Faculty of Environment, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Slavomír Adamec
- Faculty of Environment, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpánka Tůmová
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec 1001, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environment, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rohovec
- Geological Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- Geological Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kubátová P, Žilinčíková N, Száková J, Zemanová V, Tlustoš P. Is the harvest of Salix and Populus clones in the growing season truly advantageous for the phytoextraction of metals from a long-term perspective? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156630. [PMID: 35697216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phytoextraction potential of short-rotation field coppice plantations was investigated on soil historically contaminated with risk elements (REs), especially Cd, Pb and Zn. The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of biomass harvest time (summer harvest versus traditional winter one) on biomass yield, REs accumulation and removal in the long-term study. The precise field experiment with two Salix clones and two Populus clones was established in April 2009. Shoots of all clones were harvested in February 2012 for the first time, and then identical branches and leaves were harvested every two years in September (summer harvest = SH) and the branches every two years in February (winter harvest = WH). The first summer harvest seemed to be more promising compared to the winter one, but the yields in the second and third harvests were inconsistent. The total phytoextraction efficiency of the SH declined in second and third harvests due to a decrease of leaves/aboveground biomass ratio, and the RE concentrations in leaves. Clonal Salix smithiana was the most productive one in the SH, with a dry matter yield of 15.1 t ha-1 year-1 and showed promising extraction ability for Cd (11.65 %) and Zn (4.59 %) over a 6-year field experiment. A lower portion of Cd (6.97 %) and Zn (2.38 %) was removed by this clone in the WH (calculated from the total soil content of REs). SH was more reasonable for phytoextraction compared to WH. Higher RE concentrations were found in leaves of Salix compared to Populus. Populus accumulated the highest Pb content in the branches; unfortunately, the Pb extraction was low, due to extremely high soil Pb contamination. Locally bred willows and poplars performed substantially better than internationally recognised ones, indicating the importance of phytoremediation optimisation, including clone selection, for suitable climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Kubátová
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Žilinčíková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Száková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Zemanová
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustoš
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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Zulfiqar U, Jiang W, Xiukang W, Hussain S, Ahmad M, Maqsood MF, Ali N, Ishfaq M, Kaleem M, Haider FU, Farooq N, Naveed M, Kucerik J, Brtnicky M, Mustafa A. Cadmium Phytotoxicity, Tolerance, and Advanced Remediation Approaches in Agricultural Soils; A Comprehensive Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:773815. [PMID: 35371142 PMCID: PMC8965506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.773815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use. Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem. Cd toxicity causes a range of damages to plants ranging from germination to yield suppression. Plant physiological functions, i.e., water interactions, essential mineral uptake, and photosynthesis, are also harmed by Cd. Plants have also shown metabolic changes because of Cd exposure either as direct impact on enzymes or other metabolites, or because of its propensity to produce reactive oxygen species, which can induce oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the potential of plants with ability to accumulate or stabilize Cd compounds for bioremediation of Cd pollution. Here, we critically review the chemistry of Cd and its dynamics in soil and the rhizosphere, toxic effects on plant growth, and yield formation. To conserve the environment and resources, chemical/biological remediation processes for Cd and their efficacy have been summarized in this review. Modulation of plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, auxins, abscisic acid, polyamines, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, and nitric oxide has been highlighted. Development of plant genotypes with restricted Cd uptake and reduced accumulation in edible portions by conventional and marker-assisted breeding are also presented. In this regard, use of molecular techniques including identification of QTLs, CRISPR/Cas9, and functional genomics to enhance the adverse impacts of Cd in plants may be quite helpful. The review's results should aid in the development of novel and suitable solutions for limiting Cd bioavailability and toxicity, as well as the long-term management of Cd-polluted soils, therefore reducing environmental and human health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Wang Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nauman Ali
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Naila Farooq
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Establishment of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems for Ecological Restoration in the Great Lakes Basin, USA. II. New Clones Show Exceptional Promise. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poplar tree improvement strategies are needed to enhance ecosystem services’ provisioning and achieve phytoremediation objectives. We evaluated the establishment potential of new poplar clones developed at the University of Minnesota Duluth, Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) from sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds. We divided clones into Experimental (testing stage genotypes) and Common (commercial and/or research genotypes) clone groups and compared them with each other and each NRRI clone (NRRI group) at the phyto buffers. We tested for differences in clone groups, phyto buffers, and their interactions for survival, health, height, diameter, and volume from ages one to four years. First-year survival was 97.1%, with 95.5%, 96.2%, and 99.6% for the 2017, 2018, and 2019 buffer groups, respectively. All trees had optimal health. Fourth-year mean annual increment of 2017 buffer group trees ranged from 2.66 ± 0.18 to 3.65 ± 0.17 Mg ha−1 yr−1. NRRI clones ‘99038022’ and ‘9732-31’ exhibited exceptional survival and growth across eleven and ten phyto buffers, respectively, for all years. These approaches advance poplar tree improvement efforts throughout the region, continent, and world, with methods informing clonal selection for multiple end-uses, including phytotechnologies.
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Establishment of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems for Ecological Restoration in the Great Lakes Basin, USA. I. Genotype × Environment Interactions. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Poplar remediation systems are ideal for reducing runoff, cleaning groundwater, and delivering ecosystem services to the North American Great Lakes and globally. We used phyto-recurrent selection (PRS) to establish sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds comprised of twelve PRS-selected clones each year. We tested for differences in genotypes, environments, and their interactions for health, height, diameter, and volume from ages one to four years. All trees had optimal health. Mean first-, second-, and third-year volume ranged from 71 ± 26 to 132 ± 39 cm3; 1440 ± 575 to 5765 ± 1132 cm3; and 8826 ± 2646 to 10,530 ± 2110 cm3, respectively. Fourth-year mean annual increment of 2017 buffer group trees ranged from 1.1 ± 0.7 to 7.8 ± 0.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1. We identified generalist varieties with superior establishment across a broad range of buffers (‘DM114’, ‘NC14106’, ‘99038022’, ‘99059016’) and specialist clones uniquely adapted to local soil and climate conditions (‘7300502’, ‘DN5’, ‘DN34’, ‘DN177’, ‘NM2’, ‘NM5’, ‘NM6’). Using generalists and specialists enhances the potential for phytoremediation best management practices that are geographically robust, being regionally designed yet globally relevant.
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Júnior WVA, Neto CFO, Filho BGS, Cruz ED, Amarante CB, Barbosa AVC, Nogueira GAS, Nascimento VR, Sousa DJP, Teixeira JSS. Biochemical metabolism of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:151. [PMID: 33761873 PMCID: PMC7990090 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Virola surinamensis is a forest species widely distributed in the estuaries of the Amazon. These ecosystems are susceptible to contamination by Cadmium (Cd), indicating that the plant has strategies for tolerating this metal. The aim of this study was to assess the nitrogen and carbon metabolism of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium with the perspective of the phytoremediation of contaminated environments. The used experimental design was a completely randomized design with five Cd concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg L- 1), for 60 days. In general, Cd did not affect nitrate concentration in the root but had a positive effect on leaves. The reduction of nitrate reductase (NR) in plants exposed to Cd was followed by a decrease in ammonia, total soluble amino acids (TSA), and total soluble proteins (TSP). Cd promoted an increase in the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates (TSC), proline, sucrose, and reducing sugars in the plants. The increase in TSC, sucrose and proline, suggests a metabolic regulatory mechanism of V. surinamensis against Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- W V Andrade Júnior
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - C F Oliveira Neto
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - B G Santos Filho
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - E D Cruz
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Belem, Pará, Brazil
| | - C B Amarante
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Belém, Brazil
| | - A V C Barbosa
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - G A S Nogueira
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Parauapebas, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil.
| | - V R Nascimento
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - D J P Sousa
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - J S S Teixeira
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Campus Belém, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Charvalas G, Solomou AD, Giannoulis KD, Skoufogianni E, Bartzialis D, Emmanouil C, Danalatos NG. Determination of heavy metals in the territory of contaminated areas of Greece and their restoration through hyperaccumulators. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3858-3863. [PMID: 33405129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an effective technique for the processing of contaminated soil and for sequestering environmental contaminants such as heavy metals. This kind of pollution is ubiquitous in mines and similar excavation sites. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of the alternative forms of restoring contaminated soils (phytoremediation) highlighting the areas of Kozani (Agios Dimitrios) and Chalkidiki (Stratoni) in Greece characterized by exorbitant metallurgical activities. Firstly, a literature search in databases such as ScienceDirect, SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus was conducted, using the following keywords to identify relevant articles: "utilization", "plants", "phytoremediation", "sustainability", "environment", and "restoration". Two case studies have subsequently been chosen in Northern Greece, one characterized by metal mining (Pb, Zn, Ag) and hot summer Mediterranean climate and another one involving lignite mining and concomitant Cr, Zn, Cu, and Ni pollution under subtropical climate. Based on the literature search some possible, non-invasive plant species were proposed, focusing on the most efficient hyperaccumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Charvalas
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
| | - Alexandra D Solomou
- Institute of Mediterranean and Forest Ecosystems, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", N. Chlorou 1, Ilisia, 11528, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kyriakos D Giannoulis
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Elpiniki Skoufogianni
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bartzialis
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Christina Emmanouil
- Department of Rural and Surveying Engineering, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nicholaos G Danalatos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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11
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Capuana M, Bianchi E, Cencetti G, Colzi I, Gonnelli C. Extracting cadmium in the presence of salt: a study on three poplar clones under controlled conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1040-1051. [PMID: 32829429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the cadmium phytoextraction potential of three Populus alba L. clones cultivated in the presence of increasing sodium chloride concentrations. Plantlets of a commercial and two autochthonous poplar clones were grown in perlite with nutrient solution enriched in CdSO4 (50 and 100 μM) and NaCl (25 and 50 mM), administered either alone or in combination. The three clones showed significant variation not only in cadmium and salt tolerance, accumulation and content, but also in the effect of the interaction between the two elements on these parameters. The toxic effect of Cd and salt excess on plants was mutually exacerbated by the presence of both. Even though the outcome of the joint treatment was always a decrease in shoot Cd or Na accumulation, the three clones showed variation in the extent of such reduction. Evaluating the total element content per plant shoot, the fast-growing commercial clone displayed the highest phytoextraction potential for Cd and Na, either alone or in mixture. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the Cd response in presence of salt can vary in the different clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Capuana
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cencetti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
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12
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Zhang W, Zhao Y, Xu Z, Huang H, Zhou J, Yang G. Morphological and Physiological Changes of Broussonetia papyrifera Seedlings in Cadmium Contaminated Soil. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121698. [PMID: 33287206 PMCID: PMC7761668 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera is a widely distributed economic tree species, and it is also a pioneer species in adverse environments. In order to investigate the growth and adaptation mechanism of B. papyrifera under cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil, potted experiments were used with six-month treatments to study Cd enrichment and the transportation, morphological and physiological characteristics of B. papyrifera tissues. The results showed that Cd mainly accumulated in the root when the Cd concentration was high (14.71 mg/kg), and the root biomass was significantly reduced by Cd stress although Cd promoted the growth of seedlings. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) increased with the increase in Cd concentration, and reached the maximum value of 0.21 at 14.71 mg/kg. On the contrary, translocation factor (TF) decreased significantly at 8.28–14.71 mg/kg Cd concentration. Cd not only led to the loose arrangement of the xylem vessels of leaves, but also changed the chlorophyll content. However, B. papyrifera could synthesize organic solutes such as soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline to reduce the intracellular osmotic potential. Our study proved that B. papyrifera has good tolerance to Cd stress and is a pioneer tree species for soil and ecological environment restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhang
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yunlin Zhao
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhenggang Xu
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (J.Z.)
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-8494-5647
| | - Huimin Huang
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiakang Zhou
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Guiyan Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;
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13
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Komárková M, Chromý J, Pokorná E, Soudek P, Máchová P. Physiological and Transcriptomic Response of Grey Poplar ( Populus ×canescens Aiton Sm.) to Cadmium Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1485. [PMID: 33158073 PMCID: PMC7694188 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Populus ×canescens (Aiton) Sm. is a fast-growing woody plant belonging to the family Salicaceae. Two poplar genotypes characterized by unique phenotypic traits (TP11 and TP20) were chosen to be characterized and tested for a physiological and transcriptomic response to Cd stress. (2) Methods: A comparative analysis of the effects of exposure to high cadmium (Cd) concentrations (10 µM and 100 µM) of TP11 and TP20 was performed. (3) Results: Neither of the tested Cd concentration negatively affected plant growth; however, the chlorophyll content significantly decreased. The potassium (K) content was higher in the shoots than in the roots. The magnesium concentrations were only slightly affected by Cd treatment. The zinc content in the shoots of TP20 was lower than that in the shoots of TP11. Cd accumulation was higher in the roots than in the shoots. After 10 days of exposure, 10 µM Cd resulted in comparable amounts of Cd in the roots and shoots of TP20. The most significant change in transcript amount was observed in endochitinase 2, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 and phi classglutathione S-transferase. (4) Conclusions: Our study provided new insights for effective assessing the ability of different poplar genotypes to tolerate Cd stress and underlying Cd tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Komárková
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, 25202 Jiloviste, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Jakub Chromý
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, 25202 Jiloviste, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Eva Pokorná
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, 25202 Jiloviste, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Petr Soudek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavlína Máchová
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, 25202 Jiloviste, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
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14
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Li X, Yang Y. Preliminary study on Cd accumulation characteristics in Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:351-355. [PMID: 33134618 PMCID: PMC7584783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation techniques to clean heavy metal pollution soil depend on identifying plant species that can act as phytoremediators. One important approach to screening potential phytoremediators is to evaluate characteristics of heavy metal accumulation. In this study, we performed firsthand analysis of Cd tolerance and accumulation characteristics of three Sansevieria trifasciata cultivars by pot experiment. Plant growth results showed that all three S. trifasciata cultivars can tolerate 50 mg kg-1 soil Cd concentration. After growth under 50 mg kg-1 soil Cd concentration for 4 months, the Cd bioconcentration factors in the shoots of S. 'Trifasciata', S. trifasciata 'Laurentii', and S. trifasciata 'Silver Hahnii' were 1.26, 1.30, and 1.19, while those in the roots were 12.53, 11.43, and 5.45, respectively. This result reveals the considerably low translocation factors of 0.10, 0.12, and 0.22 for S. 'Trifasciata', S. trifasciata 'Laurentii', and S. trifasciata 'Silver Hahnii', respectively. These results suggest that all three S. trifasciata cultivars had high Cd absorption capacities but low Cd translocation capacities. In combination with total Cd accumulation distribution and plant growth characteristics, S. trifasciata can be designed as a phytostabilizer in Cd-contaminated soils in its cultivation regions. Meanwhile, the mechanism of high Cd tolerance and accumulation characteristics in the roots of S. trifasciata should be explored. This study provides new resources for dealing with Cd-contaminated soils and exploring Cd tolerance and accumulation mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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15
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Pilipović A, Zalesny RS, Orlović S, Drekić M, Pekeč S, Katanić M, Poljaković-Pajnik L. Growth and physiological responses of three poplar clones grown on soils artificially contaminated with heavy metals, diesel fuel, and herbicides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:436-450. [PMID: 31590571 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1670616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We tested the growth and physiological responses of three poplar clones [Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. 'Bora', 'PE 19/66'; Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier 'Pannonia'] grown for 3 years on soils artificially contaminated with heavy metals, diesel fuel, and herbicides at the Experimental Estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Serbia. Within three field blocks, clonal whole-plots were divided into seven subplots containing a non-contaminated control and six artificially-contaminated soil treatments: (1) 10.6 kg Cd ha-1, (2) 247 kg Cu ha-1, (3) 183.3 kg Ni ha-1, (4) 6,667 L diesel fuel ha-1, (5) 236 g Oxyfluorfen ha-1, and (6) 1,320 g Pendimethalin ha-1. Significant clone × treatment interactions governed growth and physiology throughout the study (p < 0.05), and the influence of inorganics versus organics varied with tree age. Heavy metals had a more substantial influence on growth and physiology as the trees matured, while diesel and herbicide treatments were most pronounced during the first growing season (p < 0.0001). Clones 'Bora' and 'PE 19/66' exhibited greater biomass than 'Pannonia', with trees growing in the control soils exhibiting 13.8 and 19.6 times greater biomass than 'Pannonia', respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pilipović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ronald S Zalesny
- Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Rhinelander, WI, USA
| | - Saša Orlović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Drekić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Saša Pekeč
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marina Katanić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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16
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The state of bio-ecological characteristics of the one-year shoots of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Under the conditions of industrial pollution. EKOLÓGIA (BRATISLAVA) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/eko-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The paper studies the influence of industrial pollution on bio-ecological characteristics of the one-year shoot of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the conditions of the city of Dnipro, Ukraine. It analyses the state of biometric parameters of the shoot and anatomic indices of the stem of the studied species exposed to toxic gases. It was found that there are adaptive changes in the histological structure of the stem of R. pseudoacacia under the conditions of technogenesis. The study revealed that bio-ecological characteristics of the black locust are highly resistant to industrial emissions with big shares of SO2 and NO2. It was suggested to use R. pseudoacacia for greening of the technogenic territories.
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17
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Arsenov D, Župunski M, Borišev M, Nikolić N, Pilipovic A, Orlovic S, Kebert M, Pajevic S. Citric acid as soil amendment in cadmium removal by Salix viminalis L., alterations on biometric attributes and photosynthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:29-39. [PMID: 31364865 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, the target in cleaning polluted sites is an application of chelating agents, such as citric acid (CA), which is proposed as a good candidate in the promotion of phytoremediation. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most common and dangerous elements, which strongly disturbs morphophysiological properties in plants. A pot experiment was assessed to evaluate the influence of CA in Cd phytoremediation in alkaline soil by Salix viminalis (clone SV068). The effects of CA on Cd bioavailability, mobility, and distribution in plants, various morphometric measurements, and physiological performances as photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency, and pigment content were tested. The highest Cd accumulation was evident after 60 days of growing, in plants subjected to combined treatment of CA with a higher dose of Cd. Application of CA showed a beneficial effect in maintaining the photosynthetic rate as well as gas exchange capacity in willows grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Furthermore, CA slightly increased plant growth and biomass production, depending on applied Cd dose and harvest period. A chelating agent like CA showed strong influence in plant response to combat Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Arsenov
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Župunski
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Borišev
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nikolić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Andrej Pilipovic
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Saša Orlovic
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko Kebert
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Pajevic
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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18
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Andrade Júnior WV, de Oliveira Neto CF, dos Santos Filho BG, do Amarante CB, Cruz ED, Okumura RS, Barbosa AVC, de Sousa DJP, Teixeira JSS, Botelho ADS. Effect of cadmium on young plants of Virola surinamensis. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz022. [PMID: 31114669 PMCID: PMC6524489 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The steady increase in cadmium (Cd) levels in the environment from anthropogenic actions has contributed to environmental degradation. Virola surinamensis is a forest species that has desirable characteristics such as deep and dense roots, relatively rapid growth and high biomass production to remedy contaminated environments by Cd. The aim of this study was to assess the physiological responses and the phytoextraction and tolerance capacity of young plants of V. surinamensis submitted to Cd concentrations. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with five Cd concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg L-1) for 60 days. Leaf water potential (Ψpd), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) reduced in plants exposed to Cd. Lower values of maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were accompanied by reduction of photosynthesis (A) with increasing concentrations of Cd, although the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) showed increase. Instantaneous water-use efficiency (A/E), net photosynthesis to intercellular CO2 concentration ratio (A/Ci) and total chlorophyll (Chl) reduced with increasing levels of Cd. Cadmium concentrations increased in different plant tissues (root > stem > leaf). The tolerance index (TI) indicated that V. surinamensis presented medium and high tolerance to Cd. The results of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) showed low plant efficacy in Cd phytoextraction and suggest that V. surinamensis may be promising for phytostabilization of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Viana Andrade Júnior
- Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity Studies of Upper Plants, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Campus Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto
- Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity Studies of Upper Plants, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Campus Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Benedito Gomes dos Santos Filho
- Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity Studies of Upper Plants, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Campus Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristine Bastos do Amarante
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Pará/Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Eniel David Cruz
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Belem, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Shigueru Okumura
- Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Campus Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
| | | | - Diana Jhulia Palheta de Sousa
- Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity Studies of Upper Plants, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Campus Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Suellen Silva Teixeira
- Institute of Agronomists Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity Studies of Upper Plants, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Campus Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Santana Botelho
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Pará/Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Pilipović A, Zalesny RS, Rončević S, Nikolić N, Orlović S, Beljin J, Katanić M. Growth, physiology, and phytoextraction potential of poplar and willow established in soils amended with heavy-metal contaminated, dredged river sediments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 239:352-365. [PMID: 30921754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytotechnologies have been used worldwide to remediate and restore damaged ecosystems, especially those caused by industrial byproducts leaching into rivers and other waterways. The objective of this study was to test the growth, physiology, and phytoextraction potential of poplar and willow established in soils amended with heavy-metal contaminated, dredged river sediments from the Great Bačka Canal near Vrbas City, Serbia. The sediments were applied to greenhouse-grown trees of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. clone 'Bora' and Salix viminalis L. clone 'SV068'. Individual pots with trees previously grown for two months were amended with 0, 0.5 and 1.0 kg of sediment containing 400 mg Cr kg-1, 295 mg Cu kg-1, 465 mg Zn kg-1, 124 mg Ni kg-1, 1.87 mg Cd kg-1, and 61 mg Pb kg-1. Following amendment, trees were grown for two seasons (i.e., 2014, 2015), with coppicing after the first season. In addition to growth parameters, physiological traits related to the photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism were assessed during both growing seasons. At the end of the study, trees were harvested for biomass analysis and accumulation of heavy metals in tree tissues and soils. Application of sediment decreased aboveground biomass by 37.3% in 2014, but increased height (16.4%) and leaf area (19.2%) in 2015. Sediment application negatively impacted the content of pigments and nitrate reductase activity, causing them to decrease over time. Generally, the effect of treatments on growth was more pronounced in poplars, while willows had more pronounced physiological activity. Accumulation patterns were similar to previously-published results. In particular, Zn and Cd were mostly accumulated in leaves of both poplar and willow, which indicated successful phytoextraction. In contrast, other metals (e.g., Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu) were mostly phytostabilized in the roots. Differences in metal allocation between poplar and willow were recorded only for Cu, while other metals followed similar distribution patterns in both genera. Results of this study indicated that the composition of heavy metals in the sediments determined the mechanisms of the applied phytoremediation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pilipović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ronald S Zalesny
- Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies, Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Rhinelander, WI, USA.
| | - Srđan Rončević
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nikolić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Saša Orlović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Beljin
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marina Katanić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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