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Bessières M, Roy V, Abuduani T, Favetta P, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Moffat J, Gallardo F, Agrofoglio LA. Synthesis of LAVR-289, a new [(Z)-3-(acetoxymethyl)-4-(2,4-diaminopyrimidin-6-yl)oxy-but-2-enyl]phosphonic acid prodrug with pronounced antiviral activity against DNA viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116412. [PMID: 38643669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
New acyclic pyrimidine nucleoside phosphonate prodrugs with a 4-(2,4-diaminopyrimidin-6-yl)oxy-but-2-enyl]phosphonic acid skeleton (O-DAPy nucleobase) were prepared through a convergent synthesis by olefin cross-metathesis as the key step. Several acyclic nucleoside 4-(2,4-diaminopyrimidin-6-yl)oxy-but-2-enyl]phosphonic acid prodrug exhibited in vitro antiviral activity in submicromolar or nanomolar range against varicella zoster virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpes virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), and vaccinia virus (VV), with good selective index (SI). Among them, the analogue 9c (LAVR-289) proved markedly inhibitory against VZV wild-type (TK+) (EC50 0.0035 μM, SI 740) and for thymidine kinase VZV deficient strains (EC50 0.018 μM, SI 145), with a low morphological toxicity in cell culture at 100 μM and acceptable cytostatic activity resulting in excellent selectivity. Compound 9c exhibited antiviral activity against HCMV (EC50 0.021 μM) and VV (EC50 0.050 μM), as well as against HSV-1 (TK-) (EC50 0.0085 μM). Finally, LAVR-289 (9c) deserves further (pre)clinical investigations as a potent candidate broad-spectrum anti-herpesvirus drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximes Bessières
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA UMR 7311), University of Orleans, CNRS, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Vincent Roy
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA UMR 7311), University of Orleans, CNRS, F-45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Tuniyazi Abuduani
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA UMR 7311), University of Orleans, CNRS, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Patrick Favetta
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA UMR 7311), University of Orleans, CNRS, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Moffat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210 USA
| | | | - Luigi A Agrofoglio
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA UMR 7311), University of Orleans, CNRS, F-45067 Orléans, France.
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2
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Said YA, Hammad SF, Halim MI, El-Moneim AA, Osman A. Assessment of the therapeutic potential of a novel phosphoramidate acyclic nucleoside on induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat model. Life Sci 2024:122669. [PMID: 38677390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is renowned as a deadly primary cancer of hepatic origin. Sorafenib is the drug-of-choice for targeted treatment of unresectable end-stage HCC. Unfortunately, great proportion of HCC patients showed intolerance or unresponsiveness to treatment. This study assesses potency of novel ProTide; SH-PAN-19 against N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced HCC in male Wistar rats, compared to Sorafenib. MAIN METHODS Structural entity of the synthesized compound was substantiated via FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis. In vitro, SH-PAN-19 cytotoxicity was tested against 3 human cell lines; hepatocellular carcinoma; HepG-2, colorectal carcinoma; HCT-116 and normal fibroblasts; MRC-5. In vivo, therapeutic efficacy of SH-PAN-19 (300 mg/kg b.w./day) against HCC could be revealed and compared to that of Sorafenib (15 mg/kg b.w./day) by evaluating the morphometric, biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular key markers. KEY FINDINGS SH-PAN-19 was relatively safe toward MRC-5 cells (IC50 = 307.6 μg/mL), highly cytotoxic to HepG-2 cells (IC50 = 24.9 μg/mL) and prominently hepato-selective (TSI = 12.35). Oral LD50 of SH-PAN-19 was >3000 mg/kg b.w. DEN-injected rats suffered hepatomegaly, oxidative stress, elevated liver enzymes, hypoalbuminemia, bilirubinemia and skyrocketed AFP plasma titre. SH-PAN-19 alleviated the DEN-induced alterations in apoptotic, angiogenic and inflammatory markers. SH-PAN-19 produced a 2.5-folds increase in Caspase-9 and downregulated VEGFR-2, IL-6, TNF-α, TGFβ-1, MMP-9 and CcnD-1 to levels comparable to that elicited by Sorafenib. SH-PAN-19 resulted in near-complete pathological response versus partial response achieved by Sorafenib. SIGNIFICANCE This research illustrated that SH-PAN-19 is a promising chemotherapeutic agent capable of restoring cellular plasticity and could stop HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Said
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif F Hammad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam I Halim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Moneim
- Graphene Center of Excellence, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 21934 New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Tatarinov DA, Mikulenkova EA, Litvinov IA, Khayarov KR, Mironov VF. Divergent synthesis of benzoxaphospholenes and phosphacoumarins via the reaction of 2-alkenylphenols with phosphorus(III/V) chlorides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1629-1633. [PMID: 38318979 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01718d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The divergent synthesis of benzo[e]-1,2-oxaphosphinines or benzo[d]-1,2-oxaphospholenes along with spirocyclic quasiphosphonium compounds based on 2-alkenylphenols and phosphorus(III/V) chlorides is presented. The reaction is condition-dependent and determined by the biphility of the phosphorus(III) derivative and the dual reactivity of 2-alkenylphenol. The procedures are applicable for obtaining benzo[e]-1,2-oxaphosphinines substituted at position 4 and disubstituted at positions 4 and 5 as well as 3,3-disubstituted benzo[d]-1,2-oxaphospholenes with good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Tatarinov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
- Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Elina A Mikulenkova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
- Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Litvinov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Khasan R Khayarov
- Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
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4
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Zhang L, Cheng Y, Liu YG, Chen X, Liu H. Anticancer Effect of Chlorambucil Enhanced by Chiral Phthalidyl Promoiety. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201025. [PMID: 36427041 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phthalidyl promoiety has been used in several drugs, but they were all marketed in racemic form. The pharmaceutical effects of each enantiomer have not been clearly demonstrated. In this project, an anticancer chemotherapy drug, chlorambucil, was modified as enantiopure phthalidyl prodrugs. The enantiomers, together with phthalidyl unit and their racemic mixture, were then subject to the in vivo bioactivity tests against B16F10 melanoma cells. It was found that proper chirality within the promoiety had noticeably better in vivo pharmacological effects than the parent drug, the enantiomer and racemic mixture. This merit perhaps could be extended from the phthalidyl prodrugs to other chirality containing prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yisa Cheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Guo Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xingkuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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5
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Roy B, Navarro V, Peyrottes S. Prodrugs of Nucleoside 5'-Monophosphate Analogues: Overview of the Recent Literature Concerning their Synthesis and Applications. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1256-1303. [PMID: 36093825 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220909122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues are widely used as anti-infectious and antitumoral agents. However, their clinical use may face limitations associated with their physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic parameters, and/or their peculiar mechanisms of action. Indeed, once inside the cells, nucleoside analogues require to be metabolized into their corresponding (poly-)phosphorylated derivatives, mediated by cellular and/or viral kinases, in order to interfere with nucleic acid biosynthesis. Within this activation process, the first-phosphorylation step is often the limiting one and to overcome this limitation, numerous prodrug approaches have been proposed. Herein, we will focus on recent literature data (from 2015 and onwards) related to new prodrug strategies, the development of original synthetic approaches and novel applications of nucleotide prodrugs (namely pronucleotides) leading to the intracellular delivery of 5'-monophosphate nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Roy
- Team Nucleosides & Phosphorylated Effectors, Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Valentin Navarro
- Team Nucleosides & Phosphorylated Effectors, Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Suzanne Peyrottes
- Team Nucleosides & Phosphorylated Effectors, Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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6
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The Golgi-resident protein ACBD3 concentrates STING at ER-Golgi contact sites to drive export from the ER. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111868. [PMID: 36543137 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STING, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident receptor for cyclic di-nucleotides (CDNs), is essential for innate immune responses. Upon CDN binding, STING moves from the ER to the Golgi, where it activates downstream type-I interferon (IFN) signaling. General cargo proteins exit from the ER via concentration at ER exit sites. However, the mechanism of STING concentration is poorly understood. Here, we visualize the ER exit sites of STING by blocking its transport at low temperature or by live-cell imaging with the cell-permeable ligand bis-pivSATE-2'F-c-di-dAMP, which we have developed. After ligand binding, STING forms punctate foci at non-canonical ER exit sites. Unbiased proteomic screens and super-resolution microscopy show that the Golgi-resident protein ACBD3/GCP60 recognizes and concentrates ligand-bound STING at specialized ER-Golgi contact sites. Depletion of ACBD3 impairs STING ER-to-Golgi trafficking and type-I IFN responses. Our results identify the ACBD3-mediated non-canonical cargo concentration system that drives the ER exit of STING.
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7
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Konstantinova ID, L.Andronova V, Fateev IV, Esipov RS. Favipiravir and Its Structural Analogs: Antiviral Activity and Synthesis Methods. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:16-38. [PMID: 35923566 PMCID: PMC9307979 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
1,4-Pyrazine-3-carboxamide-based antiviral compounds have been under intensive study for the last 20 years. One of these compounds, favipiravir (6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide, T-705), is approved for use against the influenza infection in a number of countries. Now, favipiravir is being actively used against COVID-19. This review describes the in vivo metabolism of favipiravir, the mechanism of its antiviral activity, clinical findings, toxic properties, and the chemical synthesis routes for its production. We provide data on the synthesis and antiviral activity of structural analogs of favipiravir, including nucleosides and nucleotides based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. D. Konstantinova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - V. L.Andronova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - I. V. Fateev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - R. S. Esipov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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8
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Kalčic F, Zgarbová M, Hodek J, Chalupský K, Dračínský M, Dvořáková A, Strmeň T, Šebestík J, Baszczyňski O, Weber J, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Janeba Z. Discovery of Modified Amidate (ProTide) Prodrugs of Tenofovir with Enhanced Antiviral Properties. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16425-16449. [PMID: 34713696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the discovery of novel prodrugs bearing tyrosine derivatives instead of the phenol moiety present in FDA-approved tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF). The synthesis was optimized to afford diastereomeric mixtures of novel prodrugs in one pot (yields up to 86%), and the epimers were resolved using a chiral HPLC column into fast-eluting and slow-eluting epimers. In human lymphocytes, the most efficient tyrosine-based prodrug reached a single-digit picomolar EC50 value against HIV-1 and nearly 300-fold higher selectivity index (SI) compared to TAF. In human hepatocytes, the most efficient prodrugs exhibited subnanomolar EC50 values for HBV and up to 26-fold higher SI compared to TAF. Metabolic studies demonstrated markedly higher cellular uptake of the prodrugs and substantially higher levels of released tenofovir inside the cells compared to TAF. These promising results provide a strong foundation for further evaluation of the reported prodrugs and their potential utility in the development of highly potent antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kalčic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Zgarbová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dvořáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Timotej Strmeň
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Šebestík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Baszczyňski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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9
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Pribut N, D'Erasmo M, Dasari M, Giesler KE, Iskandar S, Sharma SK, Bartsch PW, Raghuram A, Bushnev A, Hwang SS, Burton SL, Derdeyn CA, Basson AE, Liotta DC, Miller EJ. ω-Functionalized Lipid Prodrugs of HIV NtRTI Tenofovir with Enhanced Pharmacokinetic Properties. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12917-12937. [PMID: 34459598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tenofovir (TFV) is the cornerstone nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) in many combination antiretroviral therapies prescribed to patients living with HIV/AIDS. Due to poor cell permeability and oral bioavailability, TFV is administered as one of two FDA-approved prodrugs, both of which metabolize prematurely in the liver and/or plasma. This premature prodrug processing depletes significant fractions of each oral dose and causes toxicity in kidney, bone, and liver with chronic administration. Although TFV exalidex (TXL), a phospholipid-derived prodrug of TFV, was designed to address this issue, clinical pharmacokinetic studies indicated substantial hepatic extraction, redirecting clinical development of TXL toward HBV. To circumvent this metabolic liability, we synthesized and evaluated ω-functionalized TXL analogues with dramatically improved hepatic stability. This effort led to the identification of compounds 21 and 23, which exhibited substantially longer t1/2 values than TXL in human liver microsomes, potent anti-HIV activity in vitro, and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pribut
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Michael D'Erasmo
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Madhuri Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kyle E Giesler
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Sabrina Iskandar
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Savita K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Perry W Bartsch
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Akshay Raghuram
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Anatoliy Bushnev
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Soyon S Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Samantha L Burton
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Adriaan E Basson
- HIV Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, South Africa
| | - Dennis C Liotta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Eric J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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10
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Kleczewska N, Sikorski PJ, Warminska Z, Markiewicz L, Kasprzyk R, Baran N, Kwapiszewska K, Karpinska A, Michalski J, Holyst R, Kowalska J, Jemielity J. Cellular delivery of dinucleotides by conjugation with small molecules: targeting translation initiation for anticancer applications. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10242-10251. [PMID: 34377411 PMCID: PMC8336483 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cap-dependent translation initiation is one of the experimental approaches that could lead to the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. Synthetic dinucleoside 5',5'-triphosphates cap analogs are potent antagonists of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in vitro and could counteract elevated levels of eIF4E in cancer cells; however, transformation of these compounds into therapeutic agents remains challenging - they do not easily penetrate into cells and are susceptible to enzymatic cleavage. Here, we tested the potential of several small molecule ligands - folic acid, biotin, glucose, and cholesterol - to deliver both hydrolyzable and cleavage-resistant cap analogs into cells. A broad structure-activity relationship (SAR) study using model fluorescent probes and cap-ligand conjugates showed that cholesterol greatly facilitates uptake of cap analogs without disturbing the interactions with eIF4E. The most potent cholesterol conjugate identified showed apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kleczewska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Pawel J Sikorski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Zofia Warminska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Lukasz Markiewicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Renata Kasprzyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
- Division of Biophysics Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Natalia Baran
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw I. Miecznikowa 1 02-096 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karina Kwapiszewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Aneta Karpinska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Michalski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Robert Holyst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw Pasteura 5 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
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11
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Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with adenine nucleobase inhibit Trypanosoma brucei adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13317. [PMID: 34172767 PMCID: PMC8233378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All medically important unicellular protozoans cannot synthesize purines de novo and they entirely rely on the purine salvage pathway (PSP) for their nucleotide generation. Therefore, purine derivatives have been considered as a promising source of anti-parasitic compounds since they can act as inhibitors of the PSP enzymes or as toxic products upon their activation inside of the cell. Here, we characterized a Trypanosoma brucei enzyme involved in the salvage of adenine, the adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT). We showed that its two isoforms (APRT1 and APRT2) localize partly in the cytosol and partly in the glycosomes of the bloodstream form (BSF) of the parasite. RNAi silencing of both APRT enzymes showed no major effect on the growth of BSF parasites unless grown in artificial medium with adenine as sole purine source. To add into the portfolio of inhibitors for various PSP enzymes, we designed three types of acyclic nucleotide analogs as potential APRT inhibitors. Out of fifteen inhibitors, four compounds inhibited the activity of the recombinant APRT1 with Ki in single µM values. The ANP phosphoramidate membrane-permeable prodrugs showed pronounced anti-trypanosomal activity in a cell-based assay, despite the fact that APRT enzymes are dispensable for T. brucei growth in vitro. While this suggests that the tested ANP prodrugs exert their toxicity by other means in T. brucei, the newly designed inhibitors can be further improved and explored to identify their actual target(s).
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Soltani S, Hallaj-Nezhadi S, Rashidi MR. A comprehensive review of in silico approaches for the prediction and modulation of aldehyde oxidase-mediated drug metabolism: The current features, challenges and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113559. [PMID: 34119831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The importance of aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in drug metabolism necessitates the development and application of the in silico rational drug design methods as an integral part of drug discovery projects for the early prediction and modulation of AOX-mediated metabolism. The current study represents an up-to-date and thorough review of in silico studies of AOX-mediated metabolism and modulation methods. In addition, the challenges and the knowledge gap that should be covered have been discussed. The importance of aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in drug metabolism is a hot topic in drug discovery. Different strategies are available for the modulation of the AOX-mediated metabolism of drugs. Application of the rational drug design methods as an integral part of drug discovery projects is necessary for the early prediction of AOX-mediated metabolism. The current study represents a comprehensive review of AOX molecular structure, AOX-mediated reactions, AOX substrates, AOX inhibition, approaches to modify AOX-mediated metabolism, prediction of AOX metabolism/substrates/inhibitors, and the AOX related structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Furthermore, an up-to-date and thorough review of in silico studies of AOX metabolism has been carried out. In addition, the challenges and the knowledge gap that should be covered in the scientific literature have been discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Soltani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Hallaj-Nezhadi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rashidi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute and Pharmacy faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Kalčic F, Dračínský M, Janeba Z. Diverse synthetic approaches towards C1'-branched acyclic nucleoside phosphonates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6958-6963. [PMID: 34032256 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) represent a significant class of antiviral, anticancer, and antiprotozoal compounds. It is therefore highly desirable to have diverse synthetic routes leading towards these molecules. In the past, many structural modifications were explored, but surprisingly, the field of C1'-branched ANPs has been neglected with only a handful of articles reporting their synthesis. Herein we describe and compare five convenient approaches leading to key synthetic 6-chloropurine ANPs bearing the 9-phosphonomethoxyethyl (PME) moiety branched at the C1' position. These intermediates can be further vastly diversified into target C1'-branched ANPs bearing either natural or unnatural nucleobases. The importance of C1'-branched ANPs is emphasized by their analogy with C1'-substituted cyclic nucleotides (such as remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent) and evaluation of their biological activity (e.g. antiviral, antineoplastic, and antiprotozoal) will be a tempting subject of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kalčic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Serpi M, Pertusati F. An overview of ProTide technology and its implications to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1149-1161. [PMID: 33985395 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1922385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The ProTide technology is a phosphate (or phosphonate) prodrug method devised to deliver nucleoside monophosphate (or monophosphonate) intracellularly bypassing the key challenges of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside analogs. Three new antiviral drugs, exploiting this technology, have been approved by the FDA while others are in clinical studies as anticancer agents.Areas covered: The authors describe the origin and development of this technology and its incredible success in transforming the drug discovery of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside analogues. As evidence, discussion on the antiviral ProTides on the market, and those currently in clinical development are included. The authors focus on how the proven capacity of this technology to generate new drug candidates has stimulated its application to non-nucleoside-based molecules.Expert opinion: The ProTide approach has been extremely successful in delivering blockbuster antiviral medicines and it seems highly promising in oncology. Its application to non-nucleoside-based small molecules is recently emerging and proving effective in other therapeutic areas. However, investigations to explain the lack of activity of certain ProTide series and comprehensive structure activity relationship studies to identify the appropriate phosphoramidate motifs depending on the parent molecule are in our opinion mandatory for the future development of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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15
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Pimková Polidarová M, Břehová P, Kaiser MM, Smola M, Dračínský M, Smith J, Marek A, Dejmek M, Šála M, Gutten O, Rulíšek L, Novotná B, Brázdová A, Janeba Z, Nencka R, Boura E, Páv O, Birkuš G. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP). J Med Chem 2021; 64:7596-7616. [PMID: 34019405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are second messengers that bind to the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and trigger the expression of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Here we evaluate the activity of 3',3'-c-di(2'F,2'dAMP) and its phosphorothioate analogues against five STING allelic forms in reporter-cell-based assays and rationalize our findings with X-ray crystallography and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. We show that the presence of fluorine in the 2' position of 3',3'-c-di(2'F,2'dAMP) improves its activity not only against the wild type (WT) but also against REF and Q STING. Additionally, we describe the synthesis of the acyloxymethyl and isopropyloxycarbonyl phosphoester prodrugs of CDNs. Masking the negative charges of the CDNs results in an up to a 1000-fold improvement of the activities of the prodrugs relative to those of their parent CDNs. Finally, the uptake and intracellular cleavage of pivaloyloxymethyl prodrugs to the parent CDN is rapid, reaching a peak intracellular concentration within 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Pimková Polidarová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Břehová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Maxmilian Kaiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Smola
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Joshua Smith
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Gutten
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Novotná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Brázdová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Páv
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Birkuš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
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Ambrosi A, Bringley DA, Calimsiz S, Garber JAO, Huynh H, Mohan S, Sarma K, Shen J, Curl J, Kwong B, Lapina O, Leung E, Lin L, Martins A, McGinitie T, Phull J, Roberts B, Rosario M, Shi B, Standley EA, Wang L, Wang X, Yu G. Synthesis of Rovafovir Etalafenamide (Part III): Evolution of the Synthetic Process to the Phosphonamidate Fragment. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ambrosi
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Dustin A. Bringley
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Selcuk Calimsiz
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A. O. Garber
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Huy Huynh
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sankar Mohan
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Keshab Sarma
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jinyu Shen
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jonah Curl
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Bernard Kwong
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Olga Lapina
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Edmund Leung
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lennie Lin
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Andrew Martins
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Teague McGinitie
- Analytical Chemistry, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jaspal Phull
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Ben Roberts
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Mary Rosario
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Bing Shi
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Eric A. Standley
- Process Chemistry, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Guojun Yu
- Process Development, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6S 1A1, Canada
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Rashidzadeh H, Danafar H, Rahimi H, Mozafari F, Salehiabar M, Rahmati MA, Rahamooz-Haghighi S, Mousazadeh N, Mohammadi A, Ertas YN, Ramazani A, Huseynova I, Khalilov R, Davaran S, Webster TJ, Kavetskyy T, Eftekhari A, Nosrati H, Mirsaeidi M. Nanotechnology against the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): diagnosis, treatment, therapy and future perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:497-516. [PMID: 33683164 PMCID: PMC7938776 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, as an emerging infectious disease, has caused significant mortality and morbidity along with socioeconomic impact. No effective treatment or vaccine has been approved yet for this pandemic disease. Cutting-edge tools, especially nanotechnology, should be strongly considered to tackle this virus. This review aims to propose several strategies to design and fabricate effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by the aid of nanotechnology. Polymeric, inorganic self-assembling materials and peptide-based nanoparticles are promising tools for battling COVID-19 as well as its rapid diagnosis. This review summarizes all of the exciting advances nanomaterials are making toward COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Rashidzadeh
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Danafar
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Hossein Rahimi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Mozafari
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Salehiabar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rahmati
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rahamooz-Haghighi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Navid Mousazadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research & Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Irada Huseynova
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Biophysics & Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1/1, Malaya Pirogovskaya St, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taras Kavetskyy
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Surface Engineering, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 82100 Drohobych, Ukraine
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh 78151-55158, Iran
- Department of Surface Engineering, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1/1, Malaya Pirogovskaya St, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Polymer Institute of SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
| | - Hamed Nosrati
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
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18
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Lin X, Liang C, Zou L, Yin Y, Wang J, Chen D, Lan W. Advance of structural modification of nucleosides scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113233. [PMID: 33550179 PMCID: PMC7995807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With Remdesivir being approved by FDA as a drug for the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), nucleoside drugs have once again received widespread attention in the medical community. Herein, we summarized modification of traditional nucleoside framework (sugar + base), traizole nucleosides, nucleoside analogues assembled by other drugs, macromolecule-modified nucleosides, and their bioactivity rules. 2′-“Ara”-substituted by –F or –CN group, and 3′-“ara” substituted by acetylenyl group can greatly influence their anti-tumor activities. Dideoxy dehydrogenation of 2′,3′-sites can enhance antiviral efficiencies. Acyclic nucleosides and L-type nucleosides mainly represented antiviral capabilities. 5-F Substituted uracil analogues exihibit anti-tumor effects, and the substrates substituted by –I, –CF3, bromovinyl group usually show antiviral activities. The sugar coupled with 1-N of triazolid usually displays anti-tumor efficiencies, while the sugar coupled with 2-N of triazolid mainly represents antiviral activities. The nucleoside analogues assembled by cholesterol, polyethylene glycol, fatty acid and phospholipid would improve their bioavailabilities and bioactivities, or reduce their toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | | | - Lianjia Zou
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Yanchun Yin
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Weisen Lan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Simonis A, Theobald SJ, Fätkenheuer G, Rybniker J, Malin JJ. A comparative analysis of remdesivir and other repurposed antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13105. [PMID: 33015938 PMCID: PMC7646058 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic stresses the need for effective antiviral drugs that can quickly be applied in order to reduce morbidity, mortality, and ideally viral transmission. By repurposing of broadly active antiviral drugs and compounds that are known to inhibit viral replication of related viruses, several advances could be made in the development of treatment strategies against COVID-19. The nucleoside analog remdesivir, which is known for its potent in vitro activity against Ebolavirus and other RNA viruses, was recently shown to reduce the time to recovery in patients with severe COVID-19. It is to date the only approved antiviral for treating COVID-19. Here, we provide a mechanism and evidence-based comparative review of remdesivir and other repurposed drugs with proven in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Simonis
- Department I of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Sebastian J Theobald
- Department I of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Gerd Fätkenheuer
- Department I of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Jan Rybniker
- Department I of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Bonn‐CologneCologneGermany
| | - Jakob J Malin
- Department I of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
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20
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Groaz E, De Jonghe S. Overview of Biologically Active Nucleoside Phosphonates. Front Chem 2021; 8:616863. [PMID: 33490040 PMCID: PMC7821050 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.616863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the phosphonate motif featuring a carbon-phosphorous bond as bioisosteric replacement of the labile P–O bond is widely recognized as an attractive structural concept in different areas of medicinal chemistry, since it addresses the very fundamental principles of enzymatic stability and minimized metabolic activation. This review discusses the most influential successes in drug design with special emphasis on nucleoside phosphonates and their prodrugs as antiviral and cancer treatment agents. A description of structurally related analogs able to interfere with the transmission of other infectious diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria and parasites will then follow. Finally, molecules acting as agonists/antagonists of P2X and P2Y receptors along with nucleotidase inhibitors will also be covered. This review aims to guide readers through the fundamentals of nucleoside phosphonate therapeutics in order to inspire the future design of molecules to target infections that are refractory to currently available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Patients and physicians worldwide are facing tremendous health care hazards that are caused by the ongoing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is the first approved treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a novel nucleoside analog with a broad antiviral activity spectrum among RNA viruses, including ebolavirus (EBOV) and the respiratory pathogens Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Patients and physicians worldwide are facing tremendous health care hazards that are caused by the ongoing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is the first approved treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a novel nucleoside analog with a broad antiviral activity spectrum among RNA viruses, including ebolavirus (EBOV) and the respiratory pathogens Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. First described in 2016, the drug was derived from an antiviral library of small molecules intended to target emerging pathogenic RNA viruses. In vivo, remdesivir showed therapeutic and prophylactic effects in animal models of EBOV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the substance failed in a clinical trial on ebolavirus disease (EVD), where it was inferior to investigational monoclonal antibodies in an interim analysis. As there was no placebo control in this study, no conclusions on its efficacy in EVD can be made. In contrast, data from a placebo-controlled trial show beneficial effects for patients with COVID-19. Remdesivir reduces the time to recovery of hospitalized patients who require supplemental oxygen and may have a positive impact on mortality outcomes while having a favorable safety profile. Although this is an important milestone in the fight against COVID-19, approval of this drug will not be sufficient to solve the public health issues caused by the ongoing pandemic. Further scientific efforts are needed to evaluate the full potential of nucleoside analogs as treatment or prophylaxis of viral respiratory infections and to develop effective antivirals that are orally bioavailable.
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22
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Chauhan G, Madou MJ, Kalra S, Chopra V, Ghosh D, Martinez-Chapa SO. Nanotechnology for COVID-19: Therapeutics and Vaccine Research. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7760-7782. [PMID: 32571007 PMCID: PMC7325519 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The current global health threat by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires an urgent deployment of advanced therapeutic options available. The role of nanotechnology is highly relevant to counter this "virus" nano enemy. Nano intervention is discussed in terms of designing effective nanocarriers to counter the conventional limitations of antiviral and biological therapeutics. This strategy directs the safe and effective delivery of available therapeutic options using engineered nanocarriers, blocking the initial interactions of viral spike glycoprotein with host cell surface receptors, and disruption of virion construction. Controlling and eliminating the spread and reoccurrence of this pandemic demands a safe and effective vaccine strategy. Nanocarriers have potential to design risk-free and effective immunization strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine candidates such as protein constructs and nucleic acids. We discuss recent as well as ongoing nanotechnology-based therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to fight against this pandemic, outlining the key areas for nanoscientists to step in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Chauhan
- School of Engineering and Sciences,
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio
Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León,
Mexico
| | - Marc J. Madou
- School of Engineering and Sciences,
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio
Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León,
Mexico
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, University of California
Irvine, Engineering Gateway 4200, Irvine,
California 92697, United States
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
(Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar,
Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vianni Chopra
- Institute of Nano Science
and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10 Mohali,
160062 Punjab, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science
and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10 Mohali,
160062 Punjab, India
| | - Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa
- School of Engineering and Sciences,
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio
Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León,
Mexico
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23
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Wiemer AJ. Metabolic Efficacy of Phosphate Prodrugs and the Remdesivir Paradigm. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:613-626. [PMID: 32821882 PMCID: PMC7409933 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Drugs that contain phosphates (and
phosphonates or phosphinates)
have intrinsic absorption issues and are therefore often delivered
in prodrug forms to promote their uptake. Effective prodrug forms
distribute their payload to the site of the intended target and release
it efficiently with minimal byproduct toxicity. The ability to balance
unwanted payload release during transit with desired release at the
site of action is critical to prodrug efficacy. Despite decades of
research on prodrug forms, choosing the ideal prodrug form remains
a challenge which is often solved empirically. The recent emergency
use authorization of the antiviral remdesivir for COVID-19 exemplifies
a new approach for delivery of phosphate prodrugs by parenteral dosing,
which minimizes payload release during transit and maximizes tissue
payload distribution. This review focuses on the role of metabolic
activation in efficacy during oral and parenteral dosing of phosphate,
phosphonate, and phosphinate prodrugs. Through examining prior structure–activity
studies on prodrug forms and the choices that led to development of
remdesivir and other clinical drugs and drug candidates, a better
understanding of their ability to distribute to the planned site of
action, such as the liver, plasma, PBMCs, or peripheral tissues, can
be gained. The structure–activity relationships described here
will facilitate the rational design of future prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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24
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Matos de Souza MR, Cunha MS, Okon A, Monteiro FLL, Campanati L, Wagner CR, da Costa LJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of the Anti-Zika Virus Activity of ProTides of 2'-C-β-Methylguanosine. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1650-1658. [PMID: 32525653 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ProTide approach has emerged as a powerful tool to improve the intracellular delivery of nucleotide analogs with antiviral and anticancer activity. Here, we characterized the anti-ZIKV (ZIKV, Zika virus) activity of two ProTides of 2'-C-β-methylguanosine. ProTide UMN-1001 is a 2'-C-β-methylguanosine tryptamine phosphoramidate monoester, and ProTide UMN-1002 is a 2-(methylthio)-ethyl-2'-C-β-methylguanosine tryptamine phosphoramidate diester. UMN-1002 undergoes stepwise intracellular activation to the corresponding nucleotide monophosphate followed by P-N bond cleavage by intracellular histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (Hint1). UMN-1001 is activated by Hint1 but is less cell-permeable than UMN-1002. UMN-1001 and UMN-1002 were found to be more potent than 2'-C-β-methylguanosine against ZIKV in human-derived microvascular endothelial and neuroblastoma cells and in reducing ZIKV RNA replication. Studies with a newborn mouse model of ZIKV infection demonstrated that, while treatment with 2'-C-β-methylguanosine and UMN-1001 was lethal, treatment with UMN-1002 was nontoxic and significantly reduced ZIKV infection. Our data suggests that anchimeric activated ProTides of 2'-C-β-methyl nucleosides should be further investigated for their potential as anti-ZIKV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aniekan Okon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | | | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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Oe C, Hayashi H, Hirata K, Kawaji K, Hashima F, Sasano M, Furuichi M, Usui E, Katsumi M, Suzuki Y, Nakajima C, Kaku M, Kodama EN. Pyrimidine Analogues as a New Class of Gram-Positive Antibiotics, Mainly Targeting Thymineless-Death Related Proteins. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1490-1500. [PMID: 31540548 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are widespread throughout the world and pose an increasingly serious threat to human and animal health. Besides implementing strict measures to prevent improper antibiotic use, it remains essential that novel antibiotics must be developed. These antibiotics need to exert their activity via mechanisms different from those employed by currently approved antibiotics. In this study, we used several 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) analogues as chemical probes and investigated the potential of these pyrimidine analogues as antibacterial agents. Several 5-FU derivatives exerted potent activity against strains of Gram-positive cocci (GPC) that are susceptible or resistant toward approved antibiotics, without showing cross-resistance. Furthermore, we have provided evidence that the pyrimidine analogues exerted anti-GPC activity via thymineless death by inhibition of thymidylate synthetase (ThyA) and/or inhibition of RNA synthesis. Interestingly, whole genome resequencing of in vitro-selected, pyrimidine analogue-resistant Staphylococcus aureus mutants indicated that S. aureus strains with pyrimidine-analogue resistance induced an amino acid (AA) substitution, deletion, and/or insertion into thymineless-death related proteins except for ThyA, or enhanced the ThyA transcription level. Thus, S. aureus may avoid altering the ThyA function by introducing an AA substitution, suggesting that the pyrimidine analogues, which directly bind to ThyA without phosphorylation, may be more effective and show a higher genetic barrier than the pyrimidines that depend on phosphorylation for activity. The findings of this study may assist in the future development of a novel class of antibiotics for combating MDR GPC, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Oe
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazushige Hirata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kumi Kawaji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Fusako Hashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mina Sasano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Maaya Furuichi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Emiko Usui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Katsumi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eiichi N. Kodama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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Abstract
Phosphonates, often used as isosteric replacements for phosphates, can provide important interactions with an enzyme. Due to their high charge at physiological pH, however, permeation into cells can be a challenge. Protecting phosphonates as prodrugs has shown promise in drug delivery. Thus, a variety of structures and cleavage/activation mechanisms exist, enabling release of the active compound. This review describes the structural diversity of these pro-moieties, relevant cleavage mechanisms and recent advances in the design of phosphonate prodrugs.
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27
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Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates as possible chemotherapeutics against Trypanosoma brucei. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1043-1053. [PMID: 32135205 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis is a life-threatening illness caused by Trypanosoma brucei. Owing to the toxic side effects of the available therapeutics, new medications for this disease are needed. One potential drug target is the 6-oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTs), the activity of which is crucial to produce purine nucleotide monophosphates required for DNA and RNA synthesis. Inhibitors of the 6-oxopurine PRTs that show promising results as drug leads are the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs). ANPs are very flexible in their structure, enabling important conformational changes to facilitate the binding of this class of compounds in the active site of the 6-oxopurine PRTs.
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28
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Shen JB, Toti KS, Chakraborty S, Kumar TS, Cronin C, Liang BT, Jacobson KA. Prevention and rescue of cardiac dysfunction by methanocarba adenosine monophosphonate derivatives. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:61-72. [PMID: 31989534 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports a therapeutic role of purinergic signaling in cardiac diseases. Previously, efficacy of systemically infused MRS2339, a charged methanocarba derivative of 2-Cl-adenosine monophosphate, was demonstrated in animal models of heart failure. We now test the hypothesis that an uncharged adenine nucleoside phosphonate, suitable as an oral agent with a hydrolysis-resistant phospho moiety, can prevent the development of cardiac dysfunction in a post-infarction ischemic or pressure overload-induced heart failure model in mice. The diester-masked uncharged phosphonate MRS2978 was efficacious in preventing cardiac dysfunction with improved left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening when administered orally at the onset of ischemic or pressure overload-induced heart failure. MRS2925, the charged, unmasked MRS2978 analog, prevented heart dysfunction when infused subcutaneously but not by oral gavage. When administered orally or systemically, MRS2978 but not MRS2925 could also rescue established cardiac dysfunction in both ischemic and pressure overload heart failure models. The diester-masked phosphate MRS4074 was highly efficacious at preventing the development of dysfunction as well as in rescuing pressure overload-induced and ischemic heart failure. MRS2978 was orally bioavailable (57-75%) giving rise to MRS2925 as a minor metabolite in vivo, tested in rats. The data are consistent with a novel therapeutic role of adenine nucleoside phosphonates in systolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bing Shen
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kiran S Toti
- NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Chunxia Cronin
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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29
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Dussart J, Deschamp J, Migianu-Griffoni E, Lecouvey M. From Industrial Method to the Use of Silylated P(III) Reagents for the Synthesis of Relevant Phosphonylated Molecules. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Dussart
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CSPBAT, CNRS UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Julia Deschamp
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CSPBAT, CNRS UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Evelyne Migianu-Griffoni
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CSPBAT, CNRS UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Marc Lecouvey
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CSPBAT, CNRS UMR 7244, UFR SMBH, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000 Bobigny, France
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30
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Banuelos-Sanchez G, Franco-Montalban F, Tamayo JA. NMR studies of pyrimidinic nucleosides derived from 2,3-dideoxy-d-ribose with inhibitory activity on LINE-1 mobility. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:118-125. [PMID: 31691341 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Banuelos-Sanchez
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Franco-Montalban
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A Tamayo
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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31
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Mandal A, Mehta G, Dana S, Baidya M. Streamlined Ruthenium(II) Catalysis for One-Pot 2-fold Unsymmetrical C–H Olefination of (Hetero)Arenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:5879-5883. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Gunjan Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Suman Dana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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32
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Arsanious M, Darwish S, Shalaby ES, El-Ghwas D. Synthesis, X-ray, DFT Studies and Antimicrobial Properties of New Quinolinylphosphonates. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666181231161801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorus atom in hexamethyl phosphorus triamide 5 attacks the carbonyl function in
2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde 4a to give the bis-quinolinyl ethanone product 6. On the other hand,
quinoline ring-attack proceeds by the same phosphorus reagent upon reaction with 2-chloroquinoline-
3-aldoxime 4b yielding phosphonate 7. Meanwhile, the reaction of the tris-aminophosphine reagent 5
with 2-chloroquinoline- 3-(p-chlorophenyl)imine 4c affords the respective α-aminophosphonate 8.
Moreover, the attack by phosphine 5 on 2-chloroquinoline-3-imines 4d and 4e produces the respective
cyclic azophosphole derivatives 9a and 9b. [(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylidene]propane dinitrile 4f
reacts with phosphine 5 to yield [(2-chloroquinolinen-3-yl) 2,2-dicyanoethyl]tetramethylphosphonic
diamide 10. Structural elucidations for the new products were based on compatible analytical and spectroscopic
data. Moreover, the structures assigned for compounds 7 and 9a were unambiguously confirmed
by X-ray crystallographic measurements. Biological evaluations indicated that compounds 4a,c
exhibit antibacterial potency against Gram-positive bacteria and 4a,c and 9a show activity against
Candida albicans strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Arsanious
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Shaban Darwish
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Shalaby
- X-Ray Crystallography Lab, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Dina El-Ghwas
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
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Popova EA, Ovsepyan GK, Protas AV, Erkhitueva EB, Kukhanova MK, Yesaulkova YL, Zarubaev VV, Starova GL, Suezov RV, Eremin AV, Ostrovskii VA, Trifonov RE. Synthesis and in vitro Biological Evaluation of Novel Thymidine Analogs Containing 1 H-1,2,3-Triazolyl, 1 H-Tetrazolyl, and 2 H-Tetrazolyl Fragments. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 38:713-731. [PMID: 30991893 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1541466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
3'-Azidothymidine (AZT) reacts with 1-propargyl-5-R-1H- and 2-propargyl-5-R-2H-tetrazoles (R = H, Me, CH2COOEt, CH2CON(CH3)2, Ph, 2-CH3-C6H4, or 4-NO2-C6H4) via the Cu(I)-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition to give 3'-modified thymidine analogs incorporating 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 1H-, and 2H-tetrazolyl fragments in 41-76% yield. The structures of the obtained compounds have been elucidated by means of HRESI+-MS, 1H and 13 C{1H} NMR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction {for 3'-[4-(1H-5-N,N-dimethylaminocarbonylmethyltetrazol-1-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]thymidine 10d}. In vitro biological evaluation of the prepared compounds has been performed; they have exhibited low activity against phenotypic HIV-1899A. Moderate anti-influenza activity against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain has been observed in the cases of 3'-(4-(1H-tetrazol-1-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)thymidine 10a (IC50 39.6 μg/mL), 3'-(4-(2H-5-ethoxycarbonyltetrazol-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)thymidine 11c (IC50 31.6 μg/mL), and 3'-(4-(2H-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-tetrazol-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)thymidine 11g (IC50 46.4 μg/mL). The tested compounds possess very low cytotoxicity towards MDCK and MT4 cells as well as tumor human cervical carcinoma HeLa and promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Popova
- a Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg , 199034 , Russia
| | - Gayane K Ovsepyan
- a Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg , 199034 , Russia
| | - Aleksandra V Protas
- a Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg , 199034 , Russia
| | - Elena B Erkhitueva
- a Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg , 199034 , Russia
| | - Marina K Kukhanova
- b Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences , 32 Vavilova st. , Moscow , 119991 , Russia
| | - Yana L Yesaulkova
- c Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute , 14 Mira st. , Saint Petersburg , 197101 , Russia
| | - Vladimir V Zarubaev
- c Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute , 14 Mira st. , Saint Petersburg , 197101 , Russia
| | - Galina L Starova
- a Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg , 199034 , Russia
| | - Roman V Suezov
- d Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences , 4 Tikhoretsky ave. , Saint Petersburg , 194064 , Russia.,e Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) , 26 Moskovsky pr. , Saint Petersburg , 190013 , Russia
| | - Alexei V Eremin
- e Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) , 26 Moskovsky pr. , Saint Petersburg , 190013 , Russia.,f Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University , 29 Polytechnic st. , Saint Petersburg , 195251 , Russia
| | - Vladimir A Ostrovskii
- e Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) , 26 Moskovsky pr. , Saint Petersburg , 190013 , Russia
| | - Rostislav E Trifonov
- a Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg , 199034 , Russia
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34
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Yates MK, Seley-Radtke KL. The evolution of antiviral nucleoside analogues: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part II: Complex modifications to the nucleoside scaffold. Antiviral Res 2019; 162:5-21. [PMID: 30529089 PMCID: PMC6349489 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the second of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside analogue antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as chemists who may not be familiar with the field. As with the first paper, rather than providing a chronological account, we have chosen to examine particular examples of structural modifications made to nucleoside analogues that have proven fruitful as various antiviral, anticancer, and other therapeutics. The first review covered the more common, and in most cases, single modifications to the sugar and base moieties of the nucleoside scaffold. This paper focuses on more recent developments, especially nucleoside analogues that contain more than one modification to the nucleoside scaffold. We hope that these two articles will provide an informative historical perspective of some of the successfully designed analogues, as well as many candidate compounds that encountered obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Yates
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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35
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Synthesis and in vivo anti- or pro-inflammatory activity of new bisphosphonates and vinylphosphonates. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Pomeisl K, Pohl R, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Krečmerová M. Utilization of 1,3-Dioxolanes in the Synthesis of α-branched Alkyl and Aryl 9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)Ethyl]Purines and Study of the Influence of α-branched Substitution for Potential Biological Activity. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 38:119-156. [PMID: 30526265 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1506884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of α-branched alkyl and aryl substituted 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purines from substituted 1,3-dioxolanes have been developed. Key synthetic precursors, α-substituted dialkyl [(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]phosphonates were prepared via Lewis acid mediated cleavage of 1,3-dioxolanes followed by reaction with dialkyl or trialkyl phosphites. The best preparative yields were achieved under conditions utilizing tin tetrachloride as Lewis acid and triisopropyl phosphite. Attachment of purine bases to dialkyl [(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]phosphonates was performed by Mitsunobu reaction. Final α-branched 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purines were tested for antiviral, cytostatic and antiparasitic activity, the latter one determined as inhibitory activity towards Plasmodium falciparum enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransfesase. In most cases biological activity was only marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Pomeisl
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic.,b Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Robert Snoeck
- c Rega Institute for Medical Research , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- c Rega Institute for Medical Research , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Belgium
| | - Marcela Krečmerová
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
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37
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Slusarczyk M, Ferrari V, Serpi M, Gönczy B, Balzarini J, McGuigan C. Symmetrical Diamidates as a Class of Phosphate Prodrugs to Deliver the 5′‐Monophosphate Forms of Anticancer Nucleoside Analogues. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2305-2316. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Slusarczyk
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Valentina Ferrari
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Blanka Gönczy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyRega Institute for Medical Research Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
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38
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Hermi M, Kaminsky W, Ben Nasr C, Touil S. An Operationally Simple One-Step Chemo- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of cis-5-Hydroxy-2-phosphono-2,5-dihydrofurans. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2018.1468986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hermi
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021-Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, BOX 351700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cherif Ben Nasr
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021-Jarzouna, Tunisie
| | - Soufiane Touil
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021-Jarzouna, Tunisia
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39
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Subedi YP, Alfindee MN, Shrestha JP, Becker G, Grilley M, Takemoto JY, Chang CWT. Synthesis and biological activity investigation of azole and quinone hybridized phosphonates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3034-3037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Ito Y, Kimura A, Osawa T, Hari Y. Photoredox-Catalyzed Deformylative 1,4-Addition of 2′-Deoxy-5′-O-phthalimidonucleosides for Synthesis of 5′-Carba Analogs of Nucleoside 5′-Phosphates. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10701-10708. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Airi Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Takashi Osawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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41
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Pileggi E, Serpi M, Andrei G, Schols D, Snoeck R, Pertusati F. Expedient synthesis and biological evaluation of alkenyl acyclic nucleoside phosphonate prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3596-3609. [PMID: 29880251 PMCID: PMC7126595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The importance of phosphonoamidate prodrugs (ProTides) of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANPs) is highlighted by the approval of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate for the treatment of HIV and HBV infections. In the present paper we are reporting an expedient, one-pot, two-steps synthesis of allyl phosphonoamidates and diamidates that offers a time saving strategy when compared to literature methods. The use of these substrates in the cross metathesis reactions with alkenyl functionalised thymine and uracil nucleobases is reported. ANPs prodrugs synthesized via this methodology were evaluated for their antiviral activities against DNA and RNA viruses. It is anticipated that the use of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-napthyl as aryloxy moiety is capable to confer antiviral activity among a series of otherwise inactive uracil ProTides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pileggi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood building, King Edwards VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood building, King Edwards VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood building, King Edwards VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
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42
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Shen GH, Hong JH. Recent advances in the synthesis of cyclic 5′-nornucleoside phosphonate analogues. Carbohydr Res 2018; 463:47-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Valdés Zurita F, Brown Vega N, Gutiérrez Cabrera M. Semisynthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of New Adenosine Derivatives as Antiproliferative Agents. Molecules 2018; 23:E1111. [PMID: 29738449 PMCID: PMC6099407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the semisynthesis and biological effects of adenosine derivatives, which were anticipated to function as agonists for the A₃ receptor. Molecular docking was used to select candidate compounds. Fifteen nucleoside derivatives were obtained through nucleophilic substitutions of the N⁶-position of the nucleoside precursor 6-chloropurine riboside by amines of different origin. All compounds were purified by column chromatography and further characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, showing moderate yield. These molecules were then evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in human gastric cancer cells expressing the A₃ receptor. We found that the compounds obtained have antiproliferative activity and that new structural modifications can enhance their biological activity. The ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) properties of the most active compounds were also evaluated theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson Brown Vega
- Medical School, University of Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
- Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico (PIA-CG), Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
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44
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Wu YH, Wu QL, Wang WP, Wang XC, Quan ZJ. Iodine-Promoted Rapid Construction of Carbamoylphosphonates from Phosphinecarboxamides. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Wu
- Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, China. Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Li Wu
- Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, China. Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, China. Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, China. Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Jun Quan
- Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, China. Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 People's Republic of China
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45
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Luo M, Groaz E, De Jonghe S, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Herdewijn P. Amidate Prodrugs of Cyclic 9-( S)-[3-Hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine with Potent Anti-Herpesvirus Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:381-385. [PMID: 29670705 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of amidate prodrugs of cyclic 9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (cHPMPA) featuring different amino acid motifs were synthesized. All phosphonamidates derived from (S)-cHPMPA displayed a broad spectrum activity against herpesviruses with EC50 values in the low nanomolar range. A phosphonobisamidate prodrug of (S)-HPMPA also exhibited a remarkably potent antiviral activity. In addition, the leucine ester prodrug of (S)-cHPMPA and phosphonobisamidate valine ester prodrug of (S)-HPMPA proved stable in human plasma. These data warrant further development of cHPMPA prodrugs, especially against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), for which there is a high need for treatment in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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46
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Seley-Radtke KL, Yates MK. The evolution of nucleoside analogue antivirals: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part 1: Early structural modifications to the nucleoside scaffold. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:66-86. [PMID: 29649496 PMCID: PMC6396324 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside-analogue antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as chemists who may not be familiar with the field. Rather than providing a simple chronological account, we have examined and attempted to explain the thought processes, advances in synthetic chemistry and lessons learned from antiviral testing that led to a few molecules being moved forward to eventual approval for human therapies, while others were discarded. The present paper focuses on early, relatively simplistic changes made to the nucleoside scaffold, beginning with modifications of the nucleoside sugars of Ara-C and other arabinose-derived nucleoside analogues in the 1960's. A future paper will review more recent developments, focusing especially on more complex modifications, particularly those involving multiple changes to the nucleoside scaffold. We hope that these articles will help virologists and others outside the field of medicinal chemistry to understand why certain drugs were successfully developed, while the majority of candidate compounds encountered barriers due to low-yielding synthetic routes, toxicity or other problems that led to their abandonment. This is the first of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside-analogue antiviral drugs. It is written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, and for chemists unfamiliar with the field. Numerous modifications have been made to the nucleoside scaffold in order to impart therapeutic benefits. Nucleoside modifications led to the development of potent antivirals such as acyclovir, entecavir, and tenofovir. We examine thought processes, progress in synthetic chemistry and results of antiviral testing that led to approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- 1000 Hilltop Circle, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mary K Yates
- 1000 Hilltop Circle, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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47
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Liu C, Dumbre SG, Pannecouque C, Korba B, De Jonghe S, Herdewijn P. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of base-modified deoxythreosyl nucleoside phosphonates. Org Biomol Chem 2018. [PMID: 28628181 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
l-α-2'-Deoxythreosyl nucleoside phosphonates and their phosphonodiamidate prodrugs with a hypoxanthine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 2-amino-6-cyclopropylaminopurine, 7-deazaadenine, 5-fluorouracil and 5-methylcytosine heterocycle as a nucleobase were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against HIV and HBV. The 2,6-diaminopurine modified analogue 23a displayed the most potent activity against HIV, with an EC50 value of 11.17 μM against HIV-1 (IIIB) and an EC50 value of 8.15 μM against HIV-2 (ROD). The application of the prodrug strategy on nucleoside phosphonate 23a led to a 200-fold boost in anti-HIV potency. None of the compounds showed any activity against HBV at the highest concentration tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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48
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Zuo X, Huo Z, Kang D, Wu G, Zhou Z, Liu X, Zhan P. Current insights into anti-HIV drug discovery and development: a review of recent patent literature (2014-2017). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:299-316. [PMID: 29411697 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1438410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To deal with the rapid emergence of drug resistance challenges, together with the difficulty to eradicate the virus, off-target effects and significant cumulative drug toxicities, it is still imperative to develop next-generation anti-HIV agents with novel chemical classes or new mechanisms of action. AREAS COVERED We primarily focused on current strategies to discover novel anti-HIV agents. Moreover, examples of anti-HIV lead compounds were mainly selected from recently patented publications (reported between 2014 and 2017). In particular, 'privileged structure'-focused substituents decorating approach, scaffold hopping, natural-product diversification and prodrug are focused on. Furthermore, exploitation of new compounds with unexplored mechanisms of action and medicinal chemistry strategies to deplete the HIV reservoir were also described. Perspectives that could inspire future anti-HIV drug discovery are delineated. EXPERT OPINION Even if a large number of patents have been disclosed recently, additional HIV inhibitors are still required, especially novel chemical skeletons displaying a unexploited mechanism of action. Current medicinal chemistry strategies are inadequate, and appropriate and new methodologies and technologies should be exploited to identify novel anti-HIV drug candidates in a time- and cost- effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zuo
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Gaochan Wu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Ji'nan , PR China
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49
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Bessières M, Hervin V, Roy V, Chartier A, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Lohier JF, Agrofoglio LA. Highly convergent synthesis and antiviral activity of (E)-but-2-enyl nucleoside phosphonoamidates. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:678-686. [PMID: 29407990 PMCID: PMC7115695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Several hitherto unknown (E)-but-2-enyl nucleoside phosphonoamidate analogs (ANPs) were prepared directed with nitrogen reagents by cross-metathesis in water-under ultrasound irradiation. Two diastereoisomers were formally identified by X-ray diffraction. These compounds were evaluated against a large spectrum of DNA and RNA viruses. Among them, the phosphonoamidate thymine analogue 19 emerged as the best prodrug against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) with EC50 values of 0.33 and 0.39 μM for wild-type and thymidine kinase deficient strains, respectively, and a selectivity index ≥200 μM. This breakthrough approach paves the way for new purine and pyrimidine (E)-but-2-enyl phosphonoamidate analogs. Phosphonoamidate prodrugs acyclic nucleosides were synthesized by convergent approach. Metathesis reaction in water was used between pyrimidic bases and a new phosphonoamidate synthons. EC50 values of any molecules were in (sub)micromolar range against DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Hervin
- Univ. Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Vincent Roy
- Univ. Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Agnès Chartier
- Univ. Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Slusarczyk M, Serpi M, Pertusati F. Phosphoramidates and phosphonamidates (ProTides) with antiviral activity. Antivir Chem Chemother 2018; 26:2040206618775243. [PMID: 29792071 PMCID: PMC5971382 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618775243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the first report on the nucleoside phosphoramidate (ProTide) prodrug approach in 1990 by Chris McGuigan, the extensive investigation of ProTide technology has begun in many laboratories. Designed with aim to overcome limitations and the key resistance mechanisms associated with nucleoside analogues used in the clinic (poor cellular uptake, poor conversion to the 5'-monophosphate form), the ProTide approach has been successfully applied to a vast number of nucleoside analogues with antiviral and anticancer activity. ProTides consist of a 5'-nucleoside monophosphate in which the two hydroxyl groups are masked with an amino acid ester and an aryloxy component which once in the cell is enzymatically metabolized to deliver free 5'-monophosphate, which is further transformed to the active 5'-triphosphate form of the nucleoside analogue. In this review, the seminal contribution of Chris McGuigan's research to this field is presented. His technology proved to be extremely successful in drug discovery and has led to two Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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