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Landicho DM, Montañez RJM, Camagna M, Neang S, Bulasag AS, Magdaraog PM, Sato I, Takemoto D, Maejima K, Pinili MS, Chiba S. Status of Cassava Witches' Broom Disease in the Philippines and Identification of Potential Pathogens by Metagenomic Analysis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:522. [PMID: 39056715 PMCID: PMC11273669 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cassava witches' broom disease (CWBD) is one of the most devastating diseases of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), and it threatens global production of the crop. In 2017, a phytoplasma, Candidatus Phytoplasma luffae (Ca. P. luffae), was reported in the Philippines, and it has been considered as the causal agent, despite unknown etiology and transmission of CWBD. In this study, the nationwide occurrence of CWBD was assessed, and detection of CWBD's pathogen was attempted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. The results showed that CWBD has spread and become severe, exhibiting symptoms such as small leaf proliferation, shortened internodes, and vascular necrosis. PCR analysis revealed a low phytoplasma detection rate, possibly due to low titer, uneven distribution, or absence in the CWBD-symptomatic cassava. In addition, NGS techniques confirm the PCR results, revealing the absence or extremely low phytoplasma read counts, but a surprisingly high abundance of fastidious and xylem-limited fungus, Ceratobasidium sp. in CWBD-symptomatic plants. These findings cast doubt over the involvement of phytoplasma in CWBD and instead highlight the potential association of Ceratobasidium sp., strongly supporting the recent findings in mainland Southeast Asia. Further investigations are needed to verify the etiology of CWBD and identify infection mechanisms of Ceratobasidium sp. to develop effective diagnostic and control methods for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Magsino Landicho
- Central Laboratory, National Plant Quarantine Services Division, Bureau of Plant Industry, Manila 1004, Philippines
- Nagoya University Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Philippine Campus, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.N.); (A.S.B.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | | | - Maurizio Camagna
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.N.); (A.S.B.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Sokty Neang
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.N.); (A.S.B.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Abriel Salaria Bulasag
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.N.); (A.S.B.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Peter Magan Magdaraog
- Crop Pest Management Division, Bureau of Plant Industry, Manila 1004, Philippines;
- Biology Department, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila 0922, Philippines
| | - Ikuo Sato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.N.); (A.S.B.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Daigo Takemoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.N.); (A.S.B.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Kensaku Maejima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Marita Sanfuego Pinili
- National Crop Protection Center, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
| | - Sotaro Chiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.N.); (A.S.B.); (I.S.); (D.T.)
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Gallego-Clemente E, Moreno-González V, Ibáñez A, Calvo-Peña C, Ghoreshizadeh S, Radišek S, Cobos R, Coque JJR. Changes in the Microbial Composition of the Rhizosphere of Hop Plants Affected by Verticillium Wilt Caused by Verticillium nonalfalfae. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1819. [PMID: 37512991 PMCID: PMC10385175 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a devastating disease affecting many crops, including hops. This study aims to describe fungal and bacterial populations associated with bulk and rhizosphere soils in a hop field cultivated in Slovenia with the Celeia variety, which is highly susceptible to Verticillium nonalfalfae. As both healthy and diseased plants coexist in the same field, we focused this study on the detection of putative differences in the microbial communities associated with the two types of plants. Bacterial communities were characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, whereas sequencing of the ITS2 region was performed for fungal communities. The bacterial community was dominated by phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Planctomycetota, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, and Verrucomicrobiota, which are typically found in crop soils throughout the world. At a fungal level, Fusarium sp. was the dominant taxon in both bulk and rhizosphere soils. Verticillium sp. levels were very low in all samples analyzed and could only be detected by qPCR in the rhizosphere of diseased plants. The rhizosphere of diseased plants underwent important changes with respect to the rhizosphere of healthy plants where significant increases in potentially beneficial fungi such as the basidiomycetes Ceratobasidium sp. and Mycena sp., the zygomycete Mortierella sp., and a member of Glomeralles were observed. However, the rhizosphere of diseased plants experienced a decrease in pathogenic basidiomycetes that can affect the root system, such as Thanatephorus cucumeris (the teleomorph of Rhizoctonia solani) and Calyptella sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gallego-Clemente
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain
- BioDatev, 24195 Villaobispo de las Regueras, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno-González
- BioDatev, 24195 Villaobispo de las Regueras, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Ana Ibáñez
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain
| | - Carla Calvo-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain
| | - Seyedehtannaz Ghoreshizadeh
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain
| | - Sebastjan Radišek
- Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, 3310 Žalec, Slovenia
| | - Rebeca Cobos
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain
| | - Juan José R Coque
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain
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Fernández M, Kaur J, Sharma J. Co-occurring epiphytic orchids have specialized mycorrhizal fungal niches that are also linked to ontogeny. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:87-105. [PMID: 36651985 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbiosis has been related to the coexistence and community assembly of coexisting orchids in few studies despite their obligate dependence on mycorrhizal partners to establish and survive. In hyper-diverse environments like tropical rain forests, coexistence of epiphytic orchids may be facilitated through mycorrhizal fungal specialization (i.e., sets of unique and dominant mycorrhizal fungi associated with a particular host species). However, information on the role of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) in niche differentiation and coexistence of epiphytic orchids is still scarce. In this study, we sought to identify the variation in fungal preferences of four co-occurring epiphytic orchids in a tropical rainforest in Costa Rica by addressing the identity and composition of their endophytic fungal and OMF communities across species and life stages. We show that the endophytic fungal communities are formed mainly of previously recognized OMF taxa, and that the four coexisting orchid species have both a set of shared mycorrhizal fungi and a group of fungi unique to an orchid species. We also found that adult plants keep the OMF of the juvenile stage while adding new mycobionts over time. This study provides evidence for the utilization of specific OMF that may be involved in niche segregation, and for an aggregation mechanism where adult orchids keep initial fungal mycobionts of the juvenile stage while adding others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Fernández
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
- Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, Cartago, 30109, Costa Rica.
- Herbarium UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Chiriquí, Panama.
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jyotsna Sharma
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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Screening of Antibacterial Activity of Some Resupinate Fungi, Reveal Gloeocystidiellum lojanense sp. nov. (Russulales) against E. coli from Ecuador. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010054. [PMID: 36675874 PMCID: PMC9867327 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious public health problem that needs new antibacterial compounds for control. Fungi, including resupinated fungi, are a potential source to discover new bioactive compounds efficient again to bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The inhibitory capacity against the bacterial species was statistically evaluated. All the species (basidiomata and strains) were molecularly characterized with the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 barcoding marker. The strains Ceraceomyces sp., Fuscoporia sp., Gloeocystidiellum sp., Oliveonia sp., Phanerochaete sp., and Xenasmatella sp. correspond to resupinate Basidiomycetes, and only the strain Hypocrea sp. is an Ascomycete, suggesting contamination to the basidiome of Tulasnella sp. According to the antagonistic test, only the Gloeocystidiellum sp. strain had antibacterial activity against the bacterial species Escherichia coli of clinical interest. Statistically, Gloeocystidiellum sp. was significantly (<0.001) active against two E. coli pathotypes (O157:H7 and ATCC 25922). Contrarily, the antibacterial activity of fungi against other pathotypes of E. coli and other strains such as Serratia sp. was not significant. The antibacterial activity between 48 and 72 h increased according to the measurement of the inhibition halos. Because of this antibacterial activity, Gloeocystidiellum sp. was taxonomically studied in deep combined morphological and molecular characterization (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2; partial LSU D1/D2 of nrDNA). A new species Gloeocystidiellum lojanense, a resupinate and corticioid fungus from a tropical montane rainforest of southern Ecuador, with antibacterial potential against E. coli, is proposed to the science.
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Ciancio A, Rosso LC, Lopez-Cepero J, Colagiero M. Rhizosphere 16S-ITS Metabarcoding Profiles in Banana Crops Are Affected by Nematodes, Cultivation, and Local Climatic Variations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855110. [PMID: 35756021 PMCID: PMC9218937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture affects soil and root microbial communities. However, detailed knowledge is needed on the effects of cropping on rhizosphere, including biological control agents (BCA) of nematodes. A metabarcoding study was carried out on the microbiota associated with plant parasitic and other nematode functional groups present in banana farms in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Samples included rhizosphere soil from cv Pequeña Enana or Gruesa and controls collected from adjacent sites, with the same agroecological conditions, without banana roots. To characterize the bacterial communities, the V3 and V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA ribosomal gene were amplified, whereas the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used for the fungi present in the same samples. Libraries were sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq™ in paired ends with a 300-bp read length. For each sample, plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) and other nematodes were extracted from the soil, counted, and identified. Phytoparasitic nematodes were mostly found in banana rhizosphere. They included Pratylenchus goodeyi, present in northern farms, and Helicotylenchus spp., including H. multicinctus, found in both northern and southern farms. Metabarcoding data showed a direct effect of cropping on microbial communities, and latitude-related factors that separated northern and southern controls from banana rizosphere samples. Several fungal taxa known as nematode BCA were identified, with endophytes, mycorrhizal species, and obligate Rozellomycota endoparasites, almost only present in the banana samples. The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria. The ITS data showed several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Sordariomycetes, including biocontrol agents, such as Beauveria spp., Arthrobotrys spp., Pochonia chlamydosporia, and Metarhizium anisopliae. Other taxa included Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma virens, and Fusarium spp., together with mycoparasites such as Acrostalagmus luteoalbus. However, only one Dactylella spp. showed a correlation with predatory nematodes. Differences among the nematode guilds were found, as phytoparasitic, free-living, and predatory nematode groups were correlated with specific subsets of other bacteria and fungi. Crop cultivation method and soil texture showed differences in taxa representations when considering other farm and soil variables. The data showed changes in the rhizosphere and soil microbiota related to trophic specialization and specific adaptations, affecting decomposers, beneficial endophytes, mycorrhizae, or BCA, and plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Ciancio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Cristina Rosso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy
| | - Javier Lopez-Cepero
- Departamento Técnico de Coplaca S.C., Organización de Productores de Plátanos, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mariantonietta Colagiero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy
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Feng F, Yang C, Li M, Zhan S, Liu H, Chen A, Wang J, Zhang Z, Gu L. Key molecular events involved in root exudates-mediated replanted disease of Rehmannia glutinosa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:136-150. [PMID: 35065374 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The perennial herbaceous plant, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, is one of traditional Chinese medicines with a long history of cultivation. However, replanted disease severely affects its yield and quality in production. In this study, a specific culture device was designed to accurately isolate the root exudates of R. glutinosa. In addition, the formation mechanism of replanted diseases mediated by root exudates was deeply studied in R. glutinosa. The results indicated that root exudates have obvious allelopathic activity, furthermore, metagenomics analysis found that the exudates were found to significantly induce the proliferation of harmful pathogenic fungal and the reduction of probiotics in rhizosphere of R. glutinosa. Further analysis found that, 8,758 genes were differentially expressed in root exudate-treated R. glutinosa plants. These genes mainly involved in critical cellular processes including immune response, hormone metabolism, signaling transduction and cell membrane transport. Of which, numerous genes were found to involve in immune response, such as PR (Pathogenesis-related protein), were highly expressed in root exudate-treated plants. Transiently overexpression experiments found that a PR1 could enhance the resistance of R. glutinosa to root exudates treatment. These results indicated that the interaction between root exudates and microbes altered the expression pattern of the genes related to immune pathway and signaling transduction mediated by it. These disordered genes finally severely affected the growth and development of R. glutinosa, and eventually formed the replanted disease. This study provides a novel approach to collect root exudates and a new data basis for revealing the molecular events occurring in replanted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajie Feng
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuyun Yang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shangyu Zhan
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Qingdao Special Crop Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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You C, Qin D, Wang Y, Lan W, Li Y, Yu B, Peng Y, Xu J, Dong J. Plant Triterpenoids Regulate Endophyte Community to Promote Medicinal Plant Schisandra sphenanthera Growth and Metabolites Accumulation. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100788. [PMID: 34682210 PMCID: PMC8539763 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial interactions between endophytes and plants are critical for plant growth and metabolite accumulation. Nevertheless, the secondary metabolites controlling the feedback between the host plant and the endophytic microbial community remain elusive in medicinal plants. In this report, we demonstrate that plant-derived triterpenoids predominantly promote the growth of endophytic bacteria and fungi, which in turn promote host plant growth and secondary metabolite productions. From culturable bacterial and fungal microbial strains isolated from the medicinal plant Schisandra sphenanthera, through triterpenoid-mediated screens, we constructed six synthetic communities (SynComs). By using a binary interaction method in plates, we revealed that triterpenoid-promoted bacterial and fungal strains (TPB and TPF) played more positive roles in the microbial community. The functional screening of representative strains suggested that TPB and TPF provide more beneficial abilities to the host. Moreover, pot experiments in a sterilized system further demonstrated that TPB and TPF play important roles in host growth and metabolite accumulation. In summary, these experiments revealed a role of triterpenoids in endophytic microbiome assembly and indicated a strategy for constructing SynComs on the basis of the screening of secondary metabolites, in which bacteria and fungi join forces to promote plant health. These findings may open new avenues towards the breeding of high yielding and high metabolite-accumulating medicinal plants by exploiting their interaction with beneficial endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan You
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (D.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.P.); (J.X.)
| | - Dan Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (D.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.P.); (J.X.)
- Key Scientific Research Base of Pest and Mold Control of Heritage Collection (Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum), State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (D.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.P.); (J.X.)
| | - Wenyi Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (D.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.P.); (J.X.)
| | - Yehong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (D.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.P.); (J.X.)
| | - Baohong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (D.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.P.); (J.X.)
| | - Yajun Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (D.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.P.); (J.X.)
| | - Jieru Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (D.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.P.); (J.X.)
| | - Jinyan Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (C.Y.); (D.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (Y.P.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Freestone MW, Swarts ND, Reiter N, Tomlinson S, Sussmilch FC, Wright MM, Holmes GD, Phillips RD, Linde CC. Continental-scale distribution and diversity of Ceratobasidium orchid mycorrhizal fungi in Australia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:329-343. [PMID: 34077492 PMCID: PMC8389474 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mycorrhizal fungi are a critical component of the ecological niche of most plants and can potentially constrain their geographical range. Unlike other types of mycorrhizal fungi, the distributions of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) at large spatial scales are not well understood. Here, we investigate the distribution and diversity of Ceratobasidium OMF in orchids and soils across the Australian continent. METHODS We sampled 217 Ceratobasidium isolates from 111 orchid species across southern Australia and combined these with 311 Ceratobasidium sequences from GenBank. To estimate the taxonomic diversity of Ceratobasidium associating with orchids, phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequence locus was undertaken. Sequence data from the continent-wide Australian Microbiome Initiative were used to determine the geographical range of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected in orchids, with the distribution and climatic correlates of the two most frequently detected OTUs modelled using MaxEnt. KEY RESULTS We identified 23 Ceratobasidium OTUs associating with Australian orchids, primarily from the orchid genera Pterostylis, Prasophyllum, Rhizanthella and Sarcochilus. OTUs isolated from orchids were closely related to, but distinct from, known pathogenic fungi. Data from soils and orchids revealed that ten of these OTUs occur on both east and west sides of the continent, while 13 OTUs were recorded at three locations or fewer. MaxEnt models suggested that the distributions of two widespread OTUs are correlated with temperature and soil moisture of the wettest quarter and far exceeded the distributions of their host orchid species. CONCLUSIONS Ceratobasidium OMF with cross-continental distributions are common in Australian soils and frequently have geographical ranges that exceed that of their host orchid species, suggesting these fungi are not limiting the distributions of their host orchids at large spatial scales. Most OTUs were distributed within southern Australia, although several OTUs had distributions extending into central and northern parts of the continent, illustrating their tolerance of an extraordinarily wide range of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Freestone
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
- Biodiversity and Conservation Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Nigel D Swarts
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, The University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia
- Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Noushka Reiter
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, The University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Magali M Wright
- Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Gareth D Holmes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
| | - Ryan D Phillips
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Cranbourne, VIC 3977, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Celeste C Linde
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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Weed-Associated Fungal Endophytes as Biocontrol Agents of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 in Cavendish Banana. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030224. [PMID: 33803818 PMCID: PMC8003220 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antagonistic activity of fungal endophytes isolated from weeds growing in Cavendish banana farms was determined against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 (Foc TR4) causing Fusarium wilt of Cavendish banana. Forty-nine out of the total 357 fungal endophytes from the roots of weeds exhibited antagonistic activity against Foc TR4. High inhibitory activity at 79.61–99.31% based on dual culture assay was recorded in endophytes Lasiodiplodia theobromae TDC029, Trichoderma asperellum TDC075, Ceratobasidium sp. TDC037, Ceratobasidium sp. TDC241, and Ceratobasidium sp. TDC474. All five endophytes were identified through DNA sequencing with 86–100% identity. Endophyte-treated Grand Naine and GCTCV 218 plantlets showed significantly lower disease incidence (p = 0.014), significantly lower degree of leaf yellowing (p = 0.037) and rhizome discoloration (p = 0.003). In addition, the cultivar Grand Naine was consistently highly susceptible compared with the tolerant cultivar GCTCV 218.
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Bleša D, Matušinský P, Sedmíková R, Baláž M. The Potential of Rhizoctonia-Like Fungi for the Biological Protection of Cereals against Fungal Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10020349. [PMID: 33673058 PMCID: PMC7918712 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of biological control is becoming a common practice in plant production. One overlooked group of organisms potentially suitable for biological control are Rhizoctonia-like (Rh-like) fungi. Some of them are capable of forming endophytic associations with a large group of higher plants as well as mycorrhizal symbioses. Various benefits of endophytic associations were proved, including amelioration of devastating effects of pathogens such as Fusarium culmorum. The advantage of Rh-like endophytes over strictly biotrophic mycorrhizal organisms is the possibility of their cultivation on organic substrates, which makes their use more suitable for production. We focused on abilities of five Rh-like fungi isolated from orchid mycorrhizas, endophytic fungi Serendipita indica, Microdochium bolleyi and pathogenic Ceratobasidium cereale to inhibit the growth of pathogenic F. culmorum or Pyrenophora teres in vitro. We also analysed their suppressive effect on wheat infection by F. culmorum in a growth chamber, as well as an effect on barley under field conditions. Some of the Rh-like fungi affected the growth of plant pathogens in vitro, then the interaction with plants was tested. Beneficial effect was especially noted in the pot experiments, where wheat plants were negatively influenced by F. culmorum. Inoculation with S. indica caused higher dry shoot biomass in comparison to plants treated with fungicide. Prospective for future work are the effects of these endophytes on plant signalling pathways, factors affecting the level of colonization and surviving of infectious particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bleša
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 76701 Kroměříž, Czech Republic;
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pavel Matušinský
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 76701 Kroměříž, Czech Republic;
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Sedmíková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Milan Baláž
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (M.B.)
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11
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Fungal Endophytes from Orchidaceae: Diversity and Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Abdelrazek S, Choudhari S, Thimmapuram J, Simon P, Colley M, Mengiste T, Hoagland L. Changes in the core endophytic mycobiome of carrot taproots in response to crop management and genotype. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13685. [PMID: 32792547 PMCID: PMC7426841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes can influence production and post-harvest challenges in carrot, though the identity of these microbes as well as factors affecting their composition have not yet been determined, which prevents growers from managing these organisms to improve crop performance. Consequently, we characterized the endophytic mycobiome in the taproots of three carrot genotypes that vary in resistance to two pathogens grown in a trial comparing organic and conventional crop management using Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. A total of 1,480 individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Most were consistent across samples, indicating that they are part of a core mycobiome, though crop management influenced richness and diversity, likely in response to differences in soil properties. There were also differences in individual OTUs among genotypes and the nematode resistant genotype was most responsive to management system indicating that it has greater control over its endophytic mycobiome, which could potentially play a role in resistance. Members of the Ascomycota were most dominant, though the exact function of most taxa remains unclear. Future studies aimed at overcoming difficulties associated with isolating fungal endophytes are needed to identify these microbes at the species level and elucidate their specific functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Abdelrazek
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sulbha Choudhari
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Philipp Simon
- USDA-ARS Agriculture Research Service, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lori Hoagland
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Microbial patterns in rumen are associated with gain of weight in beef cattle. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1299-1312. [PMID: 32577920 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ruminal microorganisms play a pivotal role in cattle nutrition. The discovery of the main microbes or of a microbial community responsible for enhancing the gain of weight in beef cattle might be used in therapeutic approaches to increase animal performance and cause less environmental damages. Here, we examined the differences in bacterial and fungal composition of rumen samples of Braford heifers raised in natural grassland of the Pampa Biome in Brazil. We aimed to detect microbial patterns in the rumen that could be correlated with the gain of weight. We hypothesized that microorganisms important to digestion process are increased in animals with a higher gain of weight. The gain of weight of seventeen healthy animals was monitored for 60 days. Ruminal samples were obtained and the 16S and ITS1 genes were amplified and sequenced to identify the closest microbial relatives within the microbial communities. A predictive model based on microbes responsible for the gain of weight was build and further tested using the entire dataset., The main differential abundant microbes between groups included the bacterial taxa RFN20, Prevotella, Anaeroplasma and RF16 and the fungal taxa Aureobasidium, Cryptococcus, Sarocladium, Pleosporales and Tremellales. The predictive model detected some of these taxa associated with animals with the high gain of weight group, most of them being organisms that have been correlated to the production of substances that improve the ruminal digestion process. These findings provide new insights about cattle nutrition and suggest the use of these microbes to improve beef cattle breeding.
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Cao C, Li H, Jones MGK, Wylie SJ. Challenges to elucidating how endornaviruses influence fungal hosts: Creating mycovirus-free isogenic fungal lines and testing them. J Virol Methods 2019; 274:113745. [PMID: 31563584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Determining roles of mycoviruses in fungal biology is complicated, especially when fungi are co-infected with multiple viruses. Genetically identical (isogenic) fungal lines that are infected by and not infected by viruses must be created and compared. Here, we study an isolate of Ceratobasidium sp., a fungus isolated from pelotons in roots of a wild terrestrial orchid. The fungal isolate was co-infected with three distinct endornaviruses, isolates of Ceratobasidium endonarvirus B (CbEVB), Ceratobasidium endonarvirus C (CbEVC) and Ceratobasidium endonarvirus D (CbEVD). An experiment to reveal natural distribution of the three mycoviruses within a fungal colony revealed no sectoring; they were all evenly distributed throughout the colony. Hyphal tipping and treatments with one of five antibiotics (kanamycin, streptomycin, cycloheximide, rifampicin and ampicillin) were applied in attempts to 'cure' fungal lines of one, two or three of the viruses present. Surprisingly, the three mycoviruses responded differentially to each curing approach. The isolate of CbEVC was eliminated upon treatment with cycloheximide, but not with kanamycin or streptomycin, whereas the isolate of CbEVD did not respond to cycloheximide. The isolate of CbEVB was eliminated upon all treatments. In some cases, a virus was undetectable by species-specific RT-PCR assay after treatment, but when the fungus was cultured for a period on non-selective medium, the virus was detected again. Effects of mycoviruses on growth characteristics of isogenic fungal lines on two nutrient media were studied. Co-infection by the three viruses reduced mycelial growth rate on both media. In contrast, some fungal lines infected with one or two mycoviruses grew more rapidly than virus-free lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cao
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
| | - Michael G K Jones
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wylie
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150, Australia.
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Plant Defence Related Enzymes in Rice (Oryzae sativa L.,) Induced by Pseudomonas sp VSMKU2. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Association between dipsacus saponin VI level and diversity of endophytic fungi in roots of Dipsacus asperoides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:42. [PMID: 30778697 PMCID: PMC6394449 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Dipsacus asperoides contains multiple pharmacologically active compounds. The principal are saponins. The plant can be cultivated, but it contains lower levels of bioactive compounds than the plant in the wild. It may be the reason to exploit the endophytic fungi that colonize the plant roots in order to produce bioactive compounds. However, the endophytic fungi of D. asperoides have not been analyzed in detail. In this study, we isolated and identified 46 endophytic fungal strains from the taproots, lateral roots and leaves, and we used morphological and molecular biological methods to assign them into 15 genera: Fusarium sp., Ceratobasidium sp., Chaetomium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Talaromyces sp., Cladosporium sp., Bionectria sp., Mucor sp., Trichoderma sp., Myrothecium sp., Clonostachys sp., Ijuhya sp., Leptosphaeria sp. and Phoma sp. Taproots contained abundant endophytic fungi, the numbers of which correlated positively with level of dipsacus saponin VI. Primary fermentation of several endophytic fungal strains from taproots showed that Fusarium, Leptosphaeria, Ceratobasidium sp. and Phoma sp. can produce the triterpenoid saponin. These results may guide efforts to sustainably produce bioactive compounds from D. asperoides.
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17
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Sousa KCI, Araújo LGD, Silva CDS, Carvalho JCBD, Sibov ST, Gonçalves LDA, Pereira MC, Gonçalves FJ, Filippi MCDCD. Seed germination and development of orchid seedlings (Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum) with fungi. RODRIGUÉSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201970004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Fungi of Rhizoctonia complex are mycorrhizal of orchids and may to germinate yours seeds and development the seedlings. In this context, our objective was to select a fungal isolate to promote seed germination and seedling development of Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum. Pelotons were found in the roots and three mycorrhizal fungi were isolated. We tested mycorrhizal isolates obtained from C. saintlegerianum roots and six mycorrhizal fungi from other orchids as well three pathogenic isolates (of rice and bean) to germinate the seeds in oatmeal-agar medium. Seeds not inoculated were used as control. The isolates En07 (Waitea circinata), Cs10 (Tulasnella sp.) and Ro88 (Rhizoctonia oryzae) were efficient to promote seed germination, but only En07 differing statistically of the control. The non-specific isolate En07 promoted germination in 81% of seeds and the specific isolate (Cs10) promoted 60%, evidencing the non-specificity mycorrhizal association in this orchid during germination. Axenic seedlings were inoculated with four mycorrhizal fungi (non-inoculated seedlings - control). After six months, the isolates En07 and Cs10 were efficient in the interaction with the seedlings, but did not differ to the control. Therefore, our results suggested that fungi of the Rhizoctonia complex can be used in the germination and seedling development of C. saintlegerianum.
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18
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Overview of the Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Siegel-Hertz K, Edel-Hermann V, Chapelle E, Terrat S, Raaijmakers JM, Steinberg C. Comparative Microbiome Analysis of a Fusarium Wilt Suppressive Soil and a Fusarium Wilt Conducive Soil From the Châteaurenard Region. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:568. [PMID: 29670584 PMCID: PMC5893819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-suppressive soils are soils in which specific soil-borne plant pathogens cause only limited disease although the pathogen and susceptible host plants are both present. Suppressiveness is in most cases of microbial origin. We conducted a comparative metabarcoding analysis of the taxonomic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities from suppressive and non-suppressive (conducive) soils as regards Fusarium wilts sampled from the Châteaurenard region (France). Bioassays based on Fusarium wilt of flax confirmed that disease incidence was significantly lower in the suppressive soil than in the conducive soil. Furthermore, we succeeded in partly transferring Fusarium wilt-suppressiveness to the conducive soil by mixing 10% (w/w) of the suppressive soil into the conducive soil. Fungal diversity differed significantly between the suppressive and conducive soils. Among dominant fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated to known genera, 17 OTUs were detected exclusively in the suppressive soil. These OTUs were assigned to the Acremonium, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Ceratobasidium, Mortierella, Penicillium, Scytalidium, and Verticillium genera. Additionally, the relative abundance of specific members of the bacterial community was significantly higher in the suppressive and mixed soils than in the conducive soil. OTUs found more abundant in Fusarium wilt-suppressive soils were affiliated to the bacterial genera Adhaeribacter, Massilia, Microvirga, Rhizobium, Rhizobacter, Arthrobacter, Amycolatopsis, Rubrobacter, Paenibacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Geobacter. Several of the fungal and bacterial genera detected exclusively or more abundantly in the Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil included genera known for their activity against F. oxysporum. Overall, this study supports the potential role of known fungal and bacterial genera in Fusarium wilt suppressive soils from Châteaurenard and pinpoints new bacterial and fungal genera for their putative role in Fusarium wilt suppressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Siegel-Hertz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Edel-Hermann
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emilie Chapelle
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Terrat
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Steinberg
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Ong JWL, Li H, Sivasithamparam K, Dixon KW, Jones MGK, Wylie SJ. The challenges of using high-throughput sequencing to track multiple bipartite mycoviruses of wild orchid-fungus partnerships over consecutive years. Virology 2017; 510:297-304. [PMID: 28797947 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bipartite alpha- and betapartitiviruses are recorded from a wide range of fungi and plants. Using a combination of dsRNA-enrichment, high-throughput shotgun sequencing and informatics, we report the occurrence of multiple new partitiviruses associated with mycorrhizal Ceratobasidium fungi, themselves symbiotically associated with a small wild population of Pterostylis sanguinea orchids in Australia, over two consecutive years. Twenty-one partial or near-complete sequences representing 16 definitive alpha- and betapartitivirus species, and further possible species, were detected from two fungal isolates. The majority of partitiviruses occurred in fungal isolates from both years. Two of the partitiviruses represent phylogenetically divergent forms of Alphapartitivirus, suggesting that they may have evolved under long geographical isolation there. We address the challenge of pairing the two genomic segments of partitiviruses to identify species when multiple partitiviruses co-infect a single host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie W L Ong
- Plant Biotechnology Group - Plant Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- Plant Biotechnology Group - Plant Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam
- Plant Biotechnology Group - Plant Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Kingsley W Dixon
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, School of Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Michael G K Jones
- Plant Biotechnology Group - Plant Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wylie
- Plant Biotechnology Group - Plant Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
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22
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Yu YY, Jiang CH, Wang C, Chen LJ, Li HY, Xu Q, Guo JH. An improved strategy for stable biocontrol agents selecting to control rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Microbiol Res 2017; 203:1-9. [PMID: 28754202 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühnis increasingly threatening rice production in China. DNA fingerprints of 220 R. solani strains isolated in 11 provinces of China were established by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. Cluster analysis of strains isolated from the same region showed high similarity, indicating that the genetic diversity of R. solani strains is significantly related to geographical origin. We assessed potential bio-control abilities of bio-control agents (BCAs) by values according to inhibition zones against R. solani, extracellular hydrolytic enzymes activity and siderophores production in vitro. Fourteen strains with diverse expected bio-control potential were tested for their bio-control efficacy against rice sheath blight caused by 11 pathogenic exemplars and for growth promoting ability, separately. Bio-control efficacy of single bacterium against various R. solani strains differed significantly (-36.23%∼88.24%), while Pseudomonas fluorescens 4aYN11 achieved a relatively stable control efficacy of 32.26%-78.79% and growth promotion of 18.43%. Pearson correlation coefficient between bio-control efficacy of each BCAs and their assessment is 0.717. In the present study, we established an improved strategy for screening stable bio-control agents based on an assessment system, their growth promotion potential and phylogenetic diversity of pathogen R. solani, and the result provides us not only one promising bio-control strain 4aYN11 with an average bio-control efficacy of 56.50%, but also a practical way for future screen of novel BCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chun-Hao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Liu-Jun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China; Wuxi Life Foundation Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., 36 Zhenxing Street, Mashan Town, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Hong-Yang Li
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Science, Yancheng, 224003, China.
| | - Quan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Bayman P, Mosquera-Espinosa AT, Saladini-Aponte CM, Hurtado-Guevara NC, Viera-Ruiz NL. Age-dependent mycorrhizal specificity in an invasive orchid, Oeceoclades maculata. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1880-1889. [PMID: 27797713 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Oeceoclades maculata is a naturalized, invasive, terrestrial orchid in Puerto Rico and elsewhere in the neotropics. We asked whether its success might be partly explained by its mycorrhizal associations, hypothesizing a relationship with many fungal partners or with one widely distributed partner. METHODS Oeceoclades maculata roots were collected throughout Puerto Rico, and the degree of mycorrhizal colonization was measured. For identification of fungi, the ITS region was sequenced from pure cultures and directly from roots. Representative fungi were used for symbiotic seed germination experiments. KEY RESULTS Colonization of O. maculata roots was very variable. The most common fungus identified by BLAST searches was Psathyrella cf. candolleana, but typical orchid mycorrhizal fungi (Ceratobasidium and Tulasnella) were also found, as were a range of saprotrophs. Seeds germinated in vitro only in the presence of Psathyrella. CONCLUSIONS These results are surprising in two respects. First, O. maculata appears to be highly specific for fungi during seed germination, but unusually promiscuous as adult plants. Second, mycorrhizal associations with Psathyrella and with other saprotrophic fungi have been previously reported, but only from mycoheterotrophic (i.e., nonphotosynthetic) orchids, not from green orchids like Oeceoclades. This combination may partly explain the success of Oeceoclades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bayman
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Río Piedras
| | - Ana T Mosquera-Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Naida L Viera-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Río Piedras
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Carolina
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López-Chávez MY, Guillén-Navarro K, Bertolini V, Encarnación S, Hernández-Ortiz M, Sánchez-Moreno I, Damon A. Proteomic and morphometric study of the in vitro interaction between Oncidium sphacelatum Lindl. (Orchidaceae) and Thanatephorus sp. RG26 (Ceratobasidiaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:353-65. [PMID: 26732875 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Orchidaceae establish symbiotic relationships with fungi in the Rhizoctonia group, resulting in interactions beneficial to both organisms or in cell destruction in one of them (pathogenicity). Previous studies have focused mostly on terrestrial species with a few, preliminary studies, on epiphytes. To further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these symbioses, we evaluated the interaction between Oncidium sphacelatum Lindl. and the mycorrhizal fungus Thanatephorus sp. strain RG26 (isolated from a different orchid species) in vitro using morphometric and proteomic analyses. Evidence from the morphometric and microscopic analysis showed that the fungus promoted linear growth and differentiation of orchid protocorms during 98 days interaction. On day 63, protocorm development was evident, so we analyzed the physiological response of both organisms at that moment. Proteome results suggest that orchid development stimulated by the fungus apparently involves cell cycle proteins, purine recycling, ribosome biogenesis, energy metabolism, and secretion that were up-regulated in the orchid; whereas in the fungus, a high expression of proteins implicated in stress response, protein-protein interaction, and saccharides and protein biosynthesis were found in the symbiotic interaction. This is the first work reporting proteins differentially expressed in the epiphytic orchid-fungus interaction and will contribute to the search for molecular markers that will facilitate the study of this symbiosis in both wild orchids and those in danger of extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Guillén-Navarro
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Vincenzo Bertolini
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Sergio Encarnación
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Hernández-Ortiz
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Irene Sánchez-Moreno
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, C.P. 29290, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Anne Damon
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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Jiang JH, Tam SL, Toda T, Chen LC. Controlling Rhizoctonia Damping-off of Chinese Mustard by Using Endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia spp. Isolated from Orchid Mycorrhizae. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:85-91. [PMID: 30688565 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-14-0597-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation of hypovirulent Rhizoctonia spp. has been recognized as an effective strategy for protecting plants against damping-off caused by pathogenic Rhizoctonia spp. In this study, endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from fungal pelotons in orchid plants were used for controlling Rhizoctonia damping-off of Chinese mustard. According to phylogenetic analysis and anastomosis group (AG) determination, the virulence of three isolates of multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani in AG-6; eight isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia in AG-A, AG-B, AG-G, AG-P, and AG-R; and two isolates of binucleate R. repens were evaluated using test plants. All isolates, except that in AG-R, caused low disease severity in 10-day-old radish (0.10 to 0.61), cucumber (0.28 to 0.54), and Chinese mustard (0.18 to 0.65). By contrast, pathogenic isolates in AG-4 killed almost all test plants with symptoms of collapsed hypocotyl and wilted leaves (0.88 to 0.96). Of the 13 endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia isolates assessed, AG-P isolates Cno10-3 and CalS1-2 provided 91 and 100% protection, respectively, against R. solani AG-4 in 26-day-old Chinese mustard. This study revealed that endomycorrhizal Rhizoctonia spp. in orchid have the potential to biologically control damping-off of Chinese mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Hau Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Si-Loi Tam
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Takeshi Toda
- Faculty of Bioresource Science, Akita Prefectural University, Shimo-shinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Lung-Chung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Paungfoo-Lonhienne C, Yeoh YK, Kasinadhuni NRP, Lonhienne TGA, Robinson N, Hugenholtz P, Ragan MA, Schmidt S. Nitrogen fertilizer dose alters fungal communities in sugarcane soil and rhizosphere. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8678. [PMID: 25728892 PMCID: PMC5155403 DOI: 10.1038/srep08678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi play important roles as decomposers, plant symbionts and pathogens in soils. The structure of fungal communities in the rhizosphere is the result of complex interactions among selection factors that may favour beneficial or detrimental relationships. Using culture-independent fungal community profiling, we have investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilizer dosage on fungal communities in soil and rhizosphere of field-grown sugarcane. The results show that the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer strongly modifies the composition but not the taxon richness of fungal communities in soil and rhizosphere. Increased nitrogen fertilizer dosage has a potential negative impact on carbon cycling in soil and promotes fungal genera with known pathogenic traits, uncovering a negative effect of intensive fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyarat Paungfoo-Lonhienne
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yun Kit Yeoh
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Thierry G. A. Lonhienne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicole Robinson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A. Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
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Deciphering mycorrhizal fungi in cultivated Phalaenopsis microbiome with next-generation sequencing of multiple barcodes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-014-0281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Spence CA, Raman V, Donofrio NM, Bais HP. Global gene expression in rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae treated with a natural rice soil isolate. PLANTA 2014; 239:171-85. [PMID: 24126723 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rhizospheric microbiome is comprised of many microbes, some of which reduce the virulence of their phytopathogenic neighbors; however, the mechanisms underlying these interactions are largely unknown. Rice soil isolate Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 strongly inhibits Magnaporthe oryzae's in vitro growth by restricting fungal diameter as well as inhibiting the formation of the appressorium, required for penetration. We were interested in elucidating M. oryzae's response to EA105 treatment, and utilized a microarray approach to obtain a global perspective of EA105 elicited changes in this pathogen. Based on this analysis, three genes of interest were knocked out in M. oryzae 70-15, and their sensitivity to EA105 treatment as well as their ability to infect rice was determined. Priming rice plants with EA105 prior to M. oryzae infection decreased lesion size, and the mutants were tested to see if this effect was retained. A null 70-15 mutant in a trichothecene biosynthesis gene showed less susceptibility to bacterial treatment, forming more appressoria than the parental type 70-15. A similar pattern was seen in a null mutant for a stress-inducible protein, MGG_03098. In addition, when this mutant was inoculated onto the leaves of EA105-primed rice plants, lesions were reduced to a greater extent than in 70-15, implicating the lack of this gene with an increased ISR response in rice. Understanding the global effect of biocontrol bacteria on phytopathogens is a key for developing successful and lasting solutions to crop loss caused by plant diseases and has the potential to greatly increase food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Spence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA,
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