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Esteller D, Morrow J, Alonso-Pérez J, Reyes D, Carbayo A, Bisogni G, Cateruccia M, Monforte M, Tasca G, Alangary A, Marini-Bettolo C, Sabatelli M, Laura M, Ramdharry G, Bolaño-Díaz C, Turon-Sans J, Töpf A, Guglieri M, Rossor AM, Olive M, Bertini E, Straub V, Reilly MM, Rojas-García R, Díaz-Manera J. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging of a large cohort of distal hereditary motor neuropathies reveals characteristic features useful for diagnosis. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:744-753. [PMID: 37704504 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Distal motor neuropathies (dHMN) are an heterogenous group of diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness affecting predominantly the distal muscles of the lower and upper limbs. Our aim was to study the imaging features and pattern of muscle involvement in muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dHMN patients of suspected genetic origin (dHMN). We conducted a retrospective study collecting clinical, genetic and muscle imaging data. Muscle MRI included T1-weighted and T2 weighted Short Tau Inversion Recovery images (STIR-T2w) sequences. Muscle replacement by fat was quantified using the Mercuri score. Identification of selective patterns of involvement was performed using hierarchical clustering. Eighty-four patients with diagnosis of dHMN were studied. Fat replacement was predominant in the distal lower leg muscles (82/84 cases), although also affected thigh and pelvis muscles. Asymmetric involvement was present in 29% of patients. The superficial posterior compartment of the leg, including the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, was the most affected area (77/84). We observed a reticular pattern of fatty replacement progressing towards what is commonly known as "muscle islands" in 79.8%. Hyperintensities in STIR-T2w were observed in 78.6% patients mainly in distal leg muscles. Besides features common to all individuals, we identified and describe a pattern of muscle fat replacement characteristic of BICD2, HSPB1 and DYNC1H1 patients. We conclude that muscle MRI of patients with suspected dHMN reveals common features helpful in diagnosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Esteller
- Neurology Department Hospital Clinic de Barcelona Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona Spain
| | - Jasper Morrow
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Neuromuscular Disease Unit Neurology Department Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC) Tenerife Spain
| | - David Reyes
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Motor Neuron Diseases Clinic, Neurology Department Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona IIB Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - Alvaro Carbayo
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Motor Neuron Diseases Clinic, Neurology Department Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona IIB Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Michela Cateruccia
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Childrens' Research Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Monforte
- UOC di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Aljwhara Alangary
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- UOC di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Laura
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gita Ramdharry
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Bolaño-Díaz
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Janina Turon-Sans
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Motor Neuron Diseases Clinic, Neurology Department Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona IIB Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Michella Guglieri
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Rossor
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Montse Olive
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Motor Neuron Diseases Clinic, Neurology Department Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona IIB Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Childrens' Research Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricard Rojas-García
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Motor Neuron Diseases Clinic, Neurology Department Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona IIB Sant Pau Barcelona Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Barcelona Spain.
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Barcelona Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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Holguin BA, Hildenbrand ZL, Bernal RA. Insights Into the Role of Heat Shock Protein 27 in the Development of Neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:868089. [PMID: 35431800 PMCID: PMC9005852 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.868089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock protein 27 is a critically important chaperone, that plays a key role in several essential and varied physiological processes. These include thermotolerance, apoptosis, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell differentiation, protein folding, among others. Despite its relatively small size and intrinsically disordered termini, it forms large and polydisperse oligomers that are in equilibrium with dimers. This equilibrium is driven by transient interactions between the N-terminal region, the α-crystallin domain, and the C-terminal region. The continuous redistribution of binding partners results in a conformationally dynamic protein that allows it to adapt to different functions where substrate capture is required. However, the intrinsic disorder of the amino and carboxy terminal regions and subsequent conformational variability has made structural investigations challenging. Because heat shock protein 27 is critical for so many key cellular functions, it is not surprising that it also has been linked to human disease. Charcot-Marie-Tooth and distal hereditary motor neuropathy are examples of neurodegenerative disorders that arise from single point mutations in heat shock protein 27. The development of possible treatments, however, depends on our understanding of its normal function at the molecular level so we might be able to understand how mutations manifest as disease. This review will summarize recent reports describing investigations into the structurally elusive regions of Hsp27. Recent insights begin to provide the required context to explain the relationship between a mutation and the resulting loss or gain of function that leads to Charcot-Marie Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy.
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Genetic and Clinical Studies of Peripheral Neuropathies with Three Small Heat Shock Protein Gene Variants in Korea. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030462. [PMID: 35328016 PMCID: PMC8949397 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are ATP-independent chaperones that help correct the folding of denatured proteins and protect cells from stress. Mutations in HSPB1, HSPB8, and HSPB3 are implicated in inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs), such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) and distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN). This study, using whole exome sequencing or targeted gene sequencing, identified 9 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in these three sHSP genes from 11 Korean IPN families. Most variants were located in the evolutionally well conserved α-crystallin domain, except for p.P182S and p.S187L in HSPB1. As an atypical case, a patient with dHMN2 showed two compound heterozygous variants of p.R127Q and p.Y142H in HSPB1, suggesting a putative case of recessive inheritance, which requires additional research to confirm. Three HSPB8 variants were located in the p.K141 residue, which seemed to be a mutational hot spot. There were no significant differences between patient groups, which divided by sHSP genes for clinical symptoms such as onset age, severity, and nerve conduction. Early-onset patients showed a tendency of slightly decreased sensory nerve conduction values compared with late-onset patients. As a first Korean IPN cohort study examining sHSP genes, these results will, we believe, be helpful for molecular diagnosis and care of patients with CMT2 and dHMN.
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Greenbaum L, Ben‐David M, Nikitin V, Gera O, Barel O, Hersalis‐Eldar A, Shamash J, Shimshoviz N, Reznik‐Wolf H, Shohat M, Dominissini D, Pras E, Dori A. Early and late manifestations of neuropathy due to HSPB1 mutation in the Jewish Iranian population. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1260-1268. [PMID: 33973728 PMCID: PMC8164855 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the HSPB1 gene are associated with a distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 2 (dHMN2) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2F (CMT2F), usually with autosomal dominant inheritance. This study aimed to describe the phenotype of the HSPB1 c.407G>T (p.Arg136Leu) mutation at early and late stages of the disease course. METHODS We identified this mutation (previously reported in patients from Italy) in a heterozygous state, among 14 individuals from eight families of Jewish Iranian descent. The clinical, electrophysiological and ultrasonographic features were evaluated during early (less than 5 years, N = 9) or late disease course (N = 5). RESULTS The majority of subjects were males with a mean age at onset of 43.4 years (range 21-67). Common initial symptoms were gait imbalance, distal (often asymmetric) lower limb weakness and feet numbness. Neurological examination in early disease course showed distal lower extremity weakness in nearly all cases, and absent Achilles tendon reflex in about half. A minority had distal loss of pain, vibration or position sensation. These findings were more prevalent in late disease stage. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated a length-dependent axonal motor neuropathy, with typical preferential involvement of the tibial nerve. Muscle ultrasound showed a corresponding length-dependent increase of homogeneous echo-intensity, most noticeably in the gastrocnemius. One patient had a dual diagnosis of CMT2F and CMT2W. INTERPRETATION The HSPB1 c.407G>G (p.Arg136Leu) mutation causes an adult-onset, predominantly motor, axonal neuropathy in individuals of Jewish Iranian descent. Variable manifestations are noticed, and sensory involvement is more prominent in prolonged disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human GeneticsSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience CenterSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Merav Ben‐David
- Department of NeurologySheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Vera Nikitin
- Department of NeurologySheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Orna Gera
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of NeurologySheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Ortal Barel
- The Genomic UnitSheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
- Wohl Institute of Translational MedicineSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | | | - Jana Shamash
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human GeneticsSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Noam Shimshoviz
- The Genomic UnitSheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
- Wohl Institute of Translational MedicineSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Haike Reznik‐Wolf
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human GeneticsSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Mordechai Shohat
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- The Genomic UnitSheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
- Wohl Institute of Translational MedicineSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Dan Dominissini
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- The Genomic UnitSheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
- Wohl Institute of Translational MedicineSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
| | - Elon Pras
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human GeneticsSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Amir Dori
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of NeurologySheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael
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Abati E, Magri S, Meneri M, Manenti G, Velardo D, Balistreri F, Pisciotta C, Saveri P, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Ronchi D, Pareyson D, Taroni F, Corti S. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2F associated with biallelic HSPB1 mutations. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1158-1164. [PMID: 33943041 PMCID: PMC8108422 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This work aims to expand knowledge regarding the genetic spectrum of HSPB1‐related diseases. HSPB1 is a gene encoding heat shock protein 27, and mutations in HSPB1 have been identified as the cause of axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease type 2F and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). Methods Two patients with axonal sensorimotor neuropathy underwent detailed clinical examinations, neurophysiological studies, and next‐generation sequencing with subsequent bioinformatic prioritization of genetic variants and in silico analysis of the likely causal mutation. Results The HSPB1 p.S135F and p.R136L mutations were identified in homozygosis in the two affected individuals. Both mutations affect the highly conserved alpha‐crystallin domain and have been previously described as the cause of severe CMT2F/dHMN, showing a strictly dominant inheritance pattern. Interpretation Thus, we report for the first time two cases of biallelic HSPB1 p.S135F and p.R136L mutations in two families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Megi Meneri
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Manenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Velardo
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Balistreri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pisciotta
- Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Saveri
- Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Ronchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Schiavon CR, Shadel GS, Manor U. Impaired Mitochondrial Mobility in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624823. [PMID: 33598463 PMCID: PMC7882694 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive, peripheral neuropathy and the most commonly inherited neurological disorder. Clinical manifestations of CMT mutations are typically limited to peripheral neurons, the longest cells in the body. Currently, mutations in at least 80 different genes are associated with CMT and new mutations are regularly being discovered. A large portion of the proteins mutated in axonal CMT have documented roles in mitochondrial mobility, suggesting that organelle trafficking defects may be a common underlying disease mechanism. This review will focus on the potential role of altered mitochondrial mobility in the pathogenesis of axonal CMT, highlighting the conceptional challenges and potential experimental and therapeutic opportunities presented by this "impaired mobility" model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara R. Schiavon
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Lee JH, Yoon YC, Kim HS, Kim JH, Choi BO. Texture analysis using T1-weighted images for muscles in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patients and volunteers. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:3508-3517. [PMID: 33125561 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether texture features using T1-weighted images correlate with fat fraction, and whether they differ between Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease patients and volunteers. METHODS The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and the requirement for informed consent was waived; data of eighteen CMT patients and eighteen healthy volunteers from a previous study was used. Texture features of the muscles including mean, standard deviation (SD), skewness, kurtosis, and entropy of the signal intensity were derived from T1-weighted images. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between texture features and fat fraction measured by 3D multiple gradient echo Dixon-based sequence. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the texture features between CMT patients and volunteers. Intraobserver and interobserver agreements for the texture features were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS The SD (ρ = 0.256, p < 0.001) and entropy (ρ = 0.263, p < 0.001) were significantly and positively correlated with fat fraction; skewness (ρ = - 0.110, p = 0.027) and kurtosis (ρ = - 0.149, p = 0.003) were significantly and inversely correlated with fat fraction. The CMT patients showed a significantly higher SD (63.45 vs. 49.26; p < 0.001), skewness (1.06 vs. 0.56; p < 0.001), kurtosis (4.00 vs. 1.81; p < 0.001), and entropy (3.20 vs. 3.02; p < 0.001) than did the volunteers. Intraobserver and interobserver agreements were almost perfect for mean, SD, and entropy. CONCLUSIONS Texture features using T1-weighted images correlated with fat fraction and differed between CMT patients and volunteers. KEY POINTS • Standard deviation and entropy of muscles derived from T1-weighted images were significantly and positively correlated with the muscle fat fraction. • Mean, standard deviation, and entropy were considered highly reliable in muscle analyses. • Texture features may have the potential to diagnose early stage of intramuscular fatty infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
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Taga A, Cornblath DR. A novel HSPB1 mutation associated with a late onset CMT2 phenotype: Case presentation and systematic review of the literature. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2020; 25:223-229. [PMID: 32639100 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the HSPB1 gene are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 2F (CMT2F) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 2 (dHMN2). More than 18 pathogenic mutations spanning across the whole HSPB1 gene have been reported. Three family members with a novel p.P57S (c.169C>T) HSPB1 mutation resulting in a late onset axonal neuropathy with heterogeneous clinical and electrophysiological features are detailed. We systematically reviewed published case reports and case series on HSPB1 mutations. While a genotype-phenotype correlation was not obvious, we identified a common phenotype, which included adult onset, male predominance, motor more frequently than sensory involvement, distal and symmetric distribution with preferential involvement of plantar flexors, and a motor and axonal electrophysiological picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arens Taga
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David R Cornblath
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Vendredy L, Adriaenssens E, Timmerman V. Small heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:679-699. [PMID: 32323160 PMCID: PMC7332613 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are ubiquitously expressed chaperones, yet mutations in some of them cause tissue-specific diseases. Here, we will discuss how small heat shock proteins give rise to neurodegenerative disorders themselves while we will also highlight how these proteins can fulfil protective functions in neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein aggregation. The first half of this paper will be focused on how mutations in HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8 are linked to inherited peripheral neuropathies like Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). The second part of the paper will discuss how small heat shock proteins are linked to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Vendredy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Mutations in heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) are associated with a range of clinical phenotypes related to different patterns of motor neuron dysfunction: A case series. J Neurol Sci 2020; 413:116809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Martin PB, Hicks AN, Holbrook SE, Cox GA. Overlapping spectrums: The clinicogenetic commonalities between Charcot-Marie-Tooth and other neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146532. [PMID: 31678418 PMCID: PMC6939129 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive and heterogeneous inherited peripheral neuropathy. A myriad of genetic factors have been identified that contribute to the degeneration of motor and sensory axons in a length-dependent manner. Emerging biological themes underlying disease include defects in axonal trafficking, dysfunction in RNA metabolism and protein homeostasis, as well deficits in the cellular stress response. Moreover, genetic contributions to CMT can have overlap with other neuropathies, motor neuron diseases (MNDs) and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent progress in understanding the molecular biology of CMT and overlapping syndromes aids in the search for necessary therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige B Martin
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Amy N Hicks
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Sarah E Holbrook
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Gregory A Cox
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2F (Hsp27 mutations): A review. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104505. [PMID: 31212070 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a commonly inherited form of neuropathy. Although named over 100 years ago, identification of subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth has rapidly expanded in the preceding decades with the advancement of genetic sequencing, including type 2F (CMT2F), due to mutations in heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). However, despite CMT being one of the most common inherited neurological diseases, definitive mechanistic models of pathology and effective treatments for CMT2F are lacking. This review extensively profiles the published literature on CMT2F and distal hereditary motor neuropathy II (dHMN II), a similar neuropathy with exclusively motor symptoms that is also due to mutations in Hsp27. This includes a review of case reports and sequencing studies detailing disease course. Included are tables listing of all known published mutations of Hsp27 that cause symptoms of CMT2F and dHMN II. Furthermore, pathological mechanisms are assessed. While many groups have established pathologies relating to defective chaperone function, cellular neurofilament and microtubule structure and function, and mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction, there are still discrepancies in results between different model systems. Moreover, initial mouse models have also produced promising results with similar phenotypes to humans, however discrepancies still exist. Both patient-focused and scientific studies have demonstrated variability in phenotypes even considering specific mutations. Given the clinical heterogeneity in presentation, CMT2F and dHMN II likely result from similar pathological mechanisms of the same general disease process that may present distinctly due to other genetic and environment influences. Determining how these influences exert their effects to produce pathology contributing to the disease phenotype will be a major future challenge ahead in the field.
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Adriaenssens E, Geuens T, Baets J, Echaniz-Laguna A, Timmerman V. Novel insights in the disease biology of mutant small heat shock proteins in neuromuscular diseases. Brain 2017; 140:2541-2549. [PMID: 28969372 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that exert diverse cellular functions. To date, mutations in the coding regions of HSPB1 (Hsp27) and HSPB8 (Hsp22) were reported to cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Recently, the clinical spectrum of HSPB1 and HSPB8 mutations was expanded to also include myopathies. Here we provide an update on the molecular genetics and biology of small heat shock protein mutations in neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Adriaenssens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Thomas Geuens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Disease Center (CERNEST), Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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HSPB1 mutations causing hereditary neuropathy in humans disrupt non-cell autonomous protection of motor neurons. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:101-109. [PMID: 28797631 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), is a ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional protein chaperone. Mutations in HSPB1 result in the development of a late-onset, distal hereditary motor neuropathy type II (dHMN) and axonal Charcot-Marie Tooth disease with sensory involvement (CMT2F). The functional consequences of HSPB1 mutations associated with hereditary neuropathy are unknown. HSPB1 also displays neuroprotective properties in many neuronal disease models, including the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). HSPB1 is upregulated in SOD1-ALS animal models during disease progression, predominately in glial cells. Glial cells are known to contribute to motor neuron loss in ALS through a non-cell autonomous mechanism. In this study, we examined the non-cell autonomous role of wild type and mutant HSPB1 in an astrocyte-motor neuron co-culture model system of ALS. Astrocyte-specific overexpression of wild type HSPB1 was sufficient to attenuate SOD1(G93A) astrocyte-mediated toxicity in motor neurons, whereas, overexpression of mutHSPB1 failed to ameliorate motor neuron toxicity. Expression of a phosphomimetic HSPB1 mutant in SOD1(G93A) astrocytes also reduced toxicity to motor neurons, suggesting that phosphorylation may contribute to HSPB1 mediated-neuroprotection. These data provide evidence that astrocytic HSPB1 expression may play a central role in motor neuron health and maintenance.
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15
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Lupo V, Aguado C, Knecht E, Espinós C. Chaperonopathies: Spotlight on Hereditary Motor Neuropathies. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:81. [PMID: 28018906 PMCID: PMC5155517 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN) are a group of rare hereditary neuromuscular disorders characterized by an atrophy that affects peroneal muscles in the absence of sensory symptoms. To date, 23 genes are thought to be responsible for dHMN, four of which encode chaperones: DNAJB2, which encodes a member of the HSP40/DNAJ co-chaperone family; and HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8, encoding three members of the small heat shock protein family. While around 30 different mutations in HSPB1 have been identified, the remaining three genes are altered in many fewer cases. Indeed, a mutation of HSPB3 has only been described in one case, whereas a few cases have been reported carrying mutations in DNAJB2 and HSPB8, most of them caused by a founder c.352+1G>A mutation in DNAJB2 and by mutations affecting the K141 residue in the HSPB8 chaperone. Hence, their rare occurrence makes it difficult to understand the pathological mechanisms driven by such mutations in this neuropathy. Chaperones can assemble into multi-chaperone complexes that form an integrated chaperone network within the cell. Such complexes fulfill relevant roles in a variety of processes, such as the correct folding of newly synthesized proteins, in which chaperones escort them to precise cellular locations, and as a response to protein misfolding, which includes the degradation of proteins that fail to refold properly. Despite this range of functions, mutations in some of these chaperones lead to diseases with a similar clinical profile, suggesting common pathways. This review provides an overview of the genetics of those dHMNs that share a common disease mechanism and that are caused by mutations in four genes encoding chaperones: DNAJB2, HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lupo
- Molecular Basis of Human Diseases Program, Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain; INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases Joint UnitsValencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguado
- Molecular Basis of Human Diseases Program, Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain; INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases Joint UnitsValencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RedValencia, Spain
| | - Erwin Knecht
- Molecular Basis of Human Diseases Program, Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain; INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases Joint UnitsValencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RedValencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Molecular Basis of Human Diseases Program, Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain; INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases Joint UnitsValencia, Spain
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16
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Rossor AM, Morrow JM, Polke JM, Murphy SM, Houlden H, Laura M, Manji H, Blake J, Reilly MM. Pilot phenotype and natural history study of hereditary neuropathies caused by mutations in the HSPB1 gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 27:50-56. [PMID: 27816334 PMCID: PMC5260843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in HSPB1 result in a motor predominant neuropathy. The mean age of disease onset was in the 4th decade. HSPB1 neuropathy is characterised by early plantar flexion weakness. Muscle MRI demonstrates selective denervation of gastrocnemius and soleus.
Mutations in HSPB1 are one of the commonest causes of distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy (dHMN). Transgenic mouse models of the disease have identified HDAC6 inhibitors as promising treatments for the condition paving the way for human trials. A detailed phenotype and natural history study of HSPB1 neuropathy is therefore required in order to inform the duration and outcome measures of any future trials. Clinical and neurophysiological data and lower limb muscle MRI were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from patients with mutations in HSPB1. The natural history was assessed by recording the weighted Charcot–Marie–Tooth Examination Score (CMTES) at annual intervals in a subset of patients. 20 patients from 14 families were recruited into the study. The average age of onset was in the 4th decade. Patients presented with a length dependent neuropathy but with early ankle plantar flexion weakness. Neurophysiology confirmed a motor neuropathy but also showed sensory nerve involvement in most patients. Cross sectional muscle MRI revealed soleus and medial gastrocnemius fat infiltration as an early signature of mutant HSPB1 disease. In this study neither semi quantitative muscle MRI, the CMTES nor neurophysiology were able to detect disease progression in HSPB1 neuropathy over 1 or 2 years. Further studies are therefore required to identify a suitable biomarker before clinical trials in HSPB1 neuropathy can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Rossor
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Jasper M Morrow
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - James M Polke
- Department of Neurogenetics, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sinead M Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Adelaide & Meath Hospitals Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland; Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henry Houlden
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Matilde Laura
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Hadi Manji
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Julian Blake
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Oberstadt M, Mitter D, Classen J, Baum P. Late onset dHMN II caused by c.404C>G mutation in HSPB1 gene. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2016; 21:111-113. [PMID: 26887567 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) type II is genetically heterogeneous. We report three siblings of a German family with late onset distal motor neuropathy due to the c.404C>G mutation in heat-shock 27-kDa protein 1 gene (HSPB1/HSP27). A 36-year-old mutation carrier, daughter of one sibling, did not present any clinical or electrophysiological abnormalities. The index patient (oldest brother) developed weakness of the distal lower limbs and nocturnal muscle cramps at the age of 54. After 5 years this patient developed an l-DOPA-responsive hypokinetic rigid syndrome, establishing a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Although none of the three other mutation carriers displayed Parkinsonian signs, a pathogenic relationship with Parkinson's disease remains a possibility, based on the known molecular pathology of HSPB1. The rare pathogenic HSPB1 c.404C>G mutation may predispose for late-onset of dHMN type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Oberstadt
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Mitter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Baum
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Lee J, Jung SC, Joo J, Choi YR, Moon HW, Kwak G, Yeo HK, Lee JS, Ahn HJ, Jung N, Hwang S, Rheey J, Woo SY, Kim JY, Hong YB, Choi BO. Overexpression of mutant HSP27 causes axonal neuropathy in mice. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:43. [PMID: 26141737 PMCID: PMC4490621 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in heat shock 27 kDa protein 1 (HSP27 or HSPB1) cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 F (CMT2F) according to unknown factors. Mutant HSP27 proteins affect axonal transport by reducing acetylated tubulin. Results We generated a transgenic mouse model overexpressing HSP27-S135F mutant protein driven by Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoter. The mouse phenotype was similar to dHMN patients in that they exhibit motor neuropathy. To determine the phenotypic aberration of transgenic mice, behavior test, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrophysiological study, and pathology were performed. Rotarod test showed that founder mice exhibited lowered motor performance. MRI also revealed marked fatty infiltration in the anterior and posterior compartments at calf level. Electrophysiologically, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) but not motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was reduced in the transgenic mice. Toluidine staining with semi-thin section of sciatic nerve showed the ratio of large myelinated axon fiber was reduced, which might cause reduced locomotion in the transgenic mice. Electron microscopy also revealed abundant aberrant myelination. Immunohistochemically, neuronal dysfunctions included elevated level of phosphorylated neurofilament and reduced level of acetylated tubulin in the sural nerve of transgenic mice. There was no additional phenotype besides motor neuronal defects. Conclusions Overexpression of HSP27-S135F protein causes peripheral neuropathy. The mouse model can be applied to future development of therapeutic strategies for dHMN or CMT2F. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-015-0154-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesoon Joo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Moon
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Ha Kyung Yeo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Ji-Su Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Hye-Jee Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhee Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | - Jingeun Rheey
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yon Kim
- Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea.
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea. .,Neuroscience center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Kim HJ, Lee J, Hong YB, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Nam SH, Choi BO, Chung KW. Ser135Phe mutation in HSPB1 (HSP27) from Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2F families. Genes Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maeda K, Idehara R, Hashiguchi A, Takashima H. A family with distal hereditary motor neuropathy and a K141Q mutation of small heat shock protein HSPB1. Intern Med 2014; 53:1655-8. [PMID: 25088881 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein describe a Japanese family with distal hereditary motor neuropathy carrying a K141Q mutation of small heat shock protein HSPB1. Two patients among them had late onset disease (older than 50 years). The muscles of the distal legs were weak and atrophic. Sensory and autonomic dysfunction were not seen. Even eight years after onset, one patient could still walk without support. A nerve conduction study revealed axonal degeneration of the motor nerves of the legs. A heterozygous K141Q mutation was detected in the affected patients. The late onset and mild clinical phenotype might reflect the mild biochemical alteration of HSP27 induced by the K141Q mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Maeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Higashi-ohmi General Medical Center, Japan
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21
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Nakhro K, Park JM, Kim YJ, Yoon BR, Yoo JH, Koo H, Choi BO, Chung KW. A novel Lys141Thr mutation in small heat shock protein 22 (HSPB8) gene in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2L. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:656-63. [PMID: 23796487 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous peripheral neuropathies. HSPB8 gene encodes heat shock protein 22 (HSP22) which belongs to the superfamily of small stress induced proteins. Mutations in HSPB8 are implicated to CMT2L and distal hereditary motor neuropathy 2A (dHMN2A). All three reported HSPB8 mutations are interestingly located in the Lys141 residue. In the present study, we examined a Korean axonal CMT patient who presented distal limb atrophy, sensory loss, areflexia, and axonal loss of large myelinated fibers. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel missense mutation c.422A>C (p.Lys141Thr) in HSPB8 as the underlying cause of the CMT2 patient. The mutation was regarded as a de novo case because both unaffected parents have no such mutation. The patient with HSPB8 mutation is the first case in Koreans. Clinical heterogeneities have been revealed in patients with Lys141 mutation; the present patient revealed similar phenotype of CMT2L. In addition, the lower limb MRI revealed a similarity between our HSPB8 and HSPB1 patients. It seems that the Lys141 site in the alpha-crystallin domain of HSPB8 is regarded as a mutational hot spot for peripheral neuropathy development, and mutations even in the same codon can exhibit different CMT phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khriezhanuo Nakhro
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 314-701, South Korea
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22
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Siskind CE, Panchal S, Smith CO, Feely SME, Dalton JC, Schindler AB, Krajewski KM. A review of genetic counseling for Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT). J Genet Couns 2013; 22:422-36. [PMID: 23604902 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-013-9584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) encompasses the inherited peripheral neuropathies. While four genes have been found to cause over 90 % of genetically identifiable causes of CMT (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, MFN2), at least 51 genes and loci have been found to cause CMT when mutated, creating difficulties for clinicians to find a genetic subtype for families. Here, the classic features of CMT as well as characteristic features of the most common subtypes of CMT are described, as well as methods for narrowing down the possible subtypes. Psychosocial concerns particular to the CMT population are identified. This is the most inclusive publication for CMT-specific genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly E Siskind
- Neurosciences Department, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies in which the neuropathy is the sole or primary component of the disorder, as opposed to diseases in which the neuropathy is part of a more generalized neurologic or multisystem syndrome. Because of the great genetic heterogeneity of this condition, it can be challenging for the general neurologist to diagnose patients with specific types of CMT. This article reviews the biology of the inherited peripheral neuropathies, delineates major phenotypic features of the CMT subtypes, and suggest strategies for focusing genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Saporta
- National Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cells, Biomedical Sciences Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Republica do Peru 362/602, Rio de Janeiro 22021-040, Brazil.
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24
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Wilmshurst JM. Diagnosis and management of pediatric peripheral neuropathies in resource-poor settings. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of a peripheral neuropathy in a child who resides in the majority of resource-poor settings is based on the history taken and the clinical examination. The majority of children, unless they demonstrate additional clinical markers, will lack a more definitive diagnosis beyond the label ‘peripheral neuropathy’. The treatable, typically acquired conditions, which are prevalent in these settings, are the priority to identify. This would include neuroinfections, neuroinflammation, toxins and vitamin deficiencies. The management of children with peripheral neuropathies in resource-poor settings must be approached in a different manner to that of more ‘resource-equipped’ settings. Secondary or tertiary centers are scarce, often significant distances away from the patient, and this leads to long delays before access is possible. Most children present to primary healthcare settings and are seen by practitioners with little training in the features suggestive of a peripheral neuropathy. As such, basic aids to assist the healthcare worker in the early recognition and interventions of a child with a peripheral neuropathy are important. In addition, there must be recognition of the child with a rapidly progressive neuropathy where a life-threatening condition is present, and urgent referral to a tertiary setting made wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo M Wilmshurst
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, 7700, Cape Town, South Africa
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25
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Srivastava AK, Renusch SR, Naiman NE, Gu S, Sneh A, Arnold WD, Sahenk Z, Kolb SJ. Mutant HSPB1 overexpression in neurons is sufficient to cause age-related motor neuronopathy in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 47:163-73. [PMID: 22521462 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock protein HSPB1 is a multifunctional, α-crystallin-based protein that has been shown to be neuroprotective in animal models of motor neuron disease and peripheral nerve injury. Missense mutations in HSPB1 result in axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with minimal sensory involvement (CMT2F) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 2 (dHMN-II). These disorders are characterized by a selective loss of motor axons in peripheral nerve resulting in distal muscle weakness and often severe disability. To investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of HSPB1 mutations in motor neurons in vivo, we have developed and characterized transgenic PrP-HSPB1 and PrP-HSPB1(R136W) mice. These mice express the human HSPB1 protein throughout the nervous system including in axons of peripheral nerve. Although both mouse strains lacked obvious motor deficits, the PrP-HSPB1(R136W) mice developed an age-dependent motor axonopathy. Mutant mice showed axonal pathology in spinal cord and peripheral nerve with evidence of impaired neurofilament cytoskeleton, associated with organelle accumulation. Accompanying these findings, increases in the number of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, as evidence of impaired axon-Schwann cell interactions, were present. These observations suggest that overexpression of HSPB1(R136W) in neurons is sufficient to cause pathological and electrophysiological changes in mice that are seen in patients with hereditary motor neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Srivastava
- Center for RNA Biology and Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210-1228, USA
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26
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Luigetti M, Fabrizi G, Madia F, Ferrarini M, Conte A, Del Grande A, Tasca G, Tonali P, Sabatelli M. A novel HSPB1 mutation in an Italian patient with CMT2/dHMN phenotype. J Neurol Sci 2010; 298:114-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review recent advances in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), the most frequent inherited neuromuscular disorder. RECENT FINDINGS During the last year further progresses have occurred in this field and concerned identification of novel mutations in recently identified genes, allowing better definition of associated phenotypes; increased knowledge on pathophysiologic mechanisms of the different CMT types, with the contribution of cellular and animal model studies; studies on the natural history of CMT and attempts at developing appropriate outcome measures to assess disease course and intervention efficacy; trials with ascorbic acid in CMT type 1A; and studies on new possible therapeutic strategies. SUMMARY Such advances have implications on clinical management of CMT and are modifying the clinical approach to CMT, by improving diagnostic tools, allowing better definition of prognosis, and increasing the hope for future effective treatments. Research on CMT is important as is shedding light on important pathways that regulates the normal function of axonal transport, vesicular trafficking, and also revealing new aspects of intracellular organelles' function and interactions.
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