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Sun J, Yu L, Qu X, Huang T. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anticancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184794. [PMID: 37251321 PMCID: PMC10213337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been extensively studied for over 3 decades and consist of three isotypes, including PPARα, γ, and β/δ, that were originally considered key metabolic regulators controlling energy homeostasis in the body. Cancer has become a leading cause of human mortality worldwide, and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cancer is increasingly being investigated, especially the deep molecular mechanisms and effective cancer therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are an important class of lipid sensors and are involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways and cell fate. They can regulate cancer progression in different tissues by activating endogenous or synthetic compounds. This review emphasizes the significance and knowledge of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anti-cancer treatment by summarizing recent research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. In general, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors either promote or suppress cancer in different types of tumor microenvironments. The emergence of this difference depends on various factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type, cancer type, and tumor stage. Simultaneously, the effect of anti-cancer therapy based on drug-targeted PPARs differs or even opposes among the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor homotypes and different cancer types. Therefore, the current status and challenges of the use of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists and antagonists in cancer treatment are further explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueling Qu
- Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Center(Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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2
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Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A New Look at Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Role of Novel Antidiabetic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212409. [PMID: 34830295 PMCID: PMC8622770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, the processes inherent to T2DM, also play active roles in the onset and progression of CRC. Recently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a typical characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia, emerged as another possible underlying link between T2DM and CRC. Growing evidence suggests that antidiabetic medications may have beneficial effects in CRC prevention. According to findings from a limited number of preclinical and clinical studies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) could be a promising strategy in reducing the incidence of CRC in patients with diabetes. However, available findings are inconclusive, and further studies are required. In this review, novel evidence on molecular mechanisms linking T2DM with CRC development, progression, and survival will be discussed. In addition, the potential role of GLP-1RAs therapies in CRC prevention will also be evaluated.
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Chi T, Wang M, Wang X, Yang K, Xie F, Liao Z, Wei P. PPAR-γ Modulators as Current and Potential Cancer Treatments. Front Oncol 2021; 11:737776. [PMID: 34631571 PMCID: PMC8495261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.737776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, cancer has become one of the leading causes of mortality. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) is a family of critical sensors of lipids as well as regulators of diverse metabolic pathways. They are also equipped with the capability to promote eNOS activation, regulate immunity and inflammation response. Aside from the established properties, emerging discoveries are also made in PPAR's functions in the cancer field. All considerations are given, there exists great potential in PPAR modulators which may hold in the management of cancers. In particular, PPAR-γ, the most expressed subtype in adipose tissues with two isoforms of different tissue distribution, has been proven to be able to inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell cycle termination and apoptosis of multiple cancer cells, promote intercellular adhesion, and cripple the inflamed state of tumor microenvironment, both on transcriptional and protein level. However, despite the multi-functionalities, the safety of PPAR-γ modulators is still of clinical concern in terms of dosage, drug interactions, cancer types and stages, etc. This review aims to consolidate the functions of PPAR-γ, the current and potential applications of PPAR-γ modulators, and the challenges in applying PPAR-γ modulators to cancer treatment, in both laboratory and clinical settings. We sincerely hope to provide a comprehensive perspective on the prospect of PPAR-γ applicability in the field of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Chi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,First Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mina Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyu Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Oncology Department, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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4
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Lau MF, Chua KH, Sabaratnam V, Kuppusamy UR. Rosiglitazone enhances the apoptotic effect of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer cells with high-glucose-induced glutathione. Sci Prog 2020; 103:36850419886448. [PMID: 31795844 PMCID: PMC10452804 DOI: 10.1177/0036850419886448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases worldwide. 5-Fluorouracil is the mainstay of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Previously, we have demonstrated that high glucose diminishes the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil by promoting cell cycle progression. The synergistic impact of rosiglitazone on 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis was further investigated in this study. Besides control cell lines (CCD-18Co), two human colonic carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116 and HT 29) were exposed to different treatments containing 5-fluorouracil, rosiglitazone or 5-fluorouracil/rosiglitazone combination under normal glucose (5.5 mM) and high-glucose (25 mM) conditions. The cellular oxidative stress level was evaluated with biomarkers of nitric oxide, advanced oxidation protein products, and reduced glutathione. The cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry technique. High glucose caused the production of reduced glutathione in HCT 116 and HT 29 cells. Correspondingly, high glucose suppressed the apoptotic effect of 5-fluorouracil and rosiglitazone. As compared to 5-fluorouracil alone (2 µg/mL), addition of rosiglitazone significantly enhanced the apoptosis (increment rate of 5-20%) in a dose-dependent manner at normal glucose and high glucose levels. This study indicates that high-glucose-induced reduced glutathione confers resistance to apoptosis, but it can be overcome upon treatment of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil/rosiglitazone combination. Rosiglitazone may be a promising antidiabetic drug to reduce the chemotherapeutic dose of 5-fluorouracil for colorectal cancer complicated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fei Lau
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek-Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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5
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de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA, da Rocha Sousa L, Alencar MVOB, de Oliveira Santos JV, da Mata AMO, Paz MFCJ, de Carvalho RM, Nunes NMF, Islam MT, Mendes AN, Gonçalves JCR, da Silva FCC, Ferreira PMP, de Castro E Sousaa JM. Retinol palmitate and ascorbic acid: Role in oncological prevention and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1394-1405. [PMID: 30551390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development has been directly related to oxidative stress. During chemotherapy, some cancer patients use dietary antioxidants to avoid nutritional deficiencies due to cancer treatment. Among the antioxidants consumed, there are vitamins, including retinyl palmitate (PR) and ascorbic acid (AA), which have the capacity to reduce free radicals formation, protect cellular structures and maintain the cellular homeostasis. This systematic review evaluated the antioxidant and antitumor mechanisms of retinol palmitate (a derivative of vitamin A) and/or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in cancer-related studies. Ninety-seven (97) indexed articles in the databases PubMed and Science Direct, published between 2013 and 2017, including 23 clinical studies (5 for every single compound while 13 in interaction) and 74 non-clinical studies (37 for retinol palmitate, 36 for ascorbic acid and 1 in interaction) were considered. Antioxidant and antitumor effects, with controversies over dosage and route of administration, were observed for the test compounds in their isolated form or associated in clinical studies. Prevention of cancer risks against oxidative damage was seen in lower doses of retinol palmitate and/or vitamin C. However, at high doses, they can generate reactive oxygen species, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in test systems. Non-clinical studies using cell lines have allowed understanding the mechanisms related to antioxidants and antitumor effects of the isolated compounds, however, studies on vitamin interactions, acting as antioxidants and/or antitumor are still rare and controversial. More studies, mainly related to modulation of antineoplastic drugs are needed for understanding the risks and benefits of their use during treatment in order to achieve effectiveness in cancer therapy and patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Leonardo da Rocha Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros Alencar
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - José Victor de Oliveira Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira da Mata
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Ricardo Melo de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Nárcia Mariana Fonseca Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Anderson Nogueira Mendes
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology of Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64.067-670, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology of Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousaa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64.067-670, Brazil.
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6
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Dang YF, Jiang XN, Gong FL, Guo XL. New insights into molecular mechanisms of rosiglitazone in monotherapy or combination therapy against cancers. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:162-170. [PMID: 30278161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (ROSI), a member of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) which act as high-affinity agonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), is clinically used as an antidiabetic drug which could attenuate the insulin resistance associated with obesity, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance in humans. However, recent studies reported that ROSI had significant anticancer effects on various human malignant tumor cells. Mounting evidence indicated that ROSI could exert anticancer effects through PPARγ-dependent or PPARγ-independent ways. In this review, we summarized the PPARγ-dependent antitumor activities of ROSI, which included apoptosis induction, inhibition of cell proliferation and cancer metastasis, reversion of multidrug resistance, reduction of immune suppression, autophagy induction, and antiangiogenesis; and the PPARγ-independent antitumor activities of ROSI, which included inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), increasing MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression and regulation of other apoptosis-related cell factors. In addition, we discussed the anti-cancer application of ROSI by monotherapy or combination therapy with present chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we reviewed the phase I cancer clinical trials related to ROSI combined with chemotherapeutics and phase II trials about the anti-cancer effects of ROSI monotherapy and the radiotherapy sensitivity of ROSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ning Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Fu-Lian Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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7
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Patrad E, Niapour A, Farassati F, Amani M. Combination treatment of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) cause growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in the human gastric cancer cell line. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:865-877. [PMID: 29417442 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Current medication for gastric cancer patients has a low success rate with resistance and side effects. According to recent studies, γ-secretase inhibitors is used as therapeutic drugs in cancer. Moreover, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a natural compound proposed for the treatment/chemo-prevention of cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ATRA in combination with N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) as γ-secretase inhibitor on viability and apoptosis of the AGS and MKN-45 derived from human gastric cancer. AGS and MKN-45 gastric cancer cell lines were treated with different concentrations of ATRA or DAPT alone or ATRA plus DAPT. The viability, death detection and apoptosis of cells was examined by MTT assay and Ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining. The distribution of cells in different phases of cell cycle was also evaluated through flow cytometry analyses. In addition, caspase 3/7 activity and the expression of caspase-3 and bcl-2 were examined. DAPT and ATRA alone decreased gastric cancer cells viability in a concentration dependent manner. The combination of DAPT and ATRA exhibited significant synergistic inhibitory effects. The greater percentage of cells were accumulated in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle in combination treatment. The combination of DAPT and ATRA effectively increased the proportion of apoptotic cells and the level of caspase 3/7 activities compared to single treatment. Moreover, augmented caspase-3 up-regulation and bcl-2 down-regulation were found following combined application of DAPT and ATRA. The combination of DAPT and ATRA led to more reduction in viability and apoptosis in respect to DAPT or ATRA alone in the investigated cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Patrad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Niapour
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Faris Farassati
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical School (KUMC), Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mojtaba Amani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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8
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Lau MF, Vellasamy S, Chua KH, Sabaratnam V, Kuppusamy UR. Rosiglitazone diminishes the high-glucose-induced modulation of 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:186-199. [PMID: 29743857 PMCID: PMC5938530 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is often administrated to disrupt carcinogenesis, was found to elevate blood glucose level among CRC patients. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of rosiglitazone on antiproliferative effect of 5-FU using cellular model. Two human colonic carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116 and HT 29) were cultured in the presence of 5-FU, rosiglitazone or in combination under normal and high glucose concentration. The drug cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay whereas the assessment of cell cycle was carried out using the flow cytometry technique. Combination index (CI) method was used to determine the drug interaction between rosiglitazone and 5-FU. High glucose diminished the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU but at a high drug dosage, this effect could be overcome. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that 5-FU and rosiglitazone caused G1-phase arrest and S-phase arrest, respectively. CI values indicated that rosiglitazone exerted synergistic effect on 5-FU regardless of glucose levels. This study is the first to demonstrate the influence of rosiglitazone on cytotoxicity of 5-FU under normal or high glucose level. Rosiglitazone may be a promising drug for enhancing the efficacy of 5-FU in the treatment of CRC associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fei Lau
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shalini Vellasamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek-Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Xu X, Wang J, Jiang H, Meng L, Lang B. Rosiglitazone induces apoptosis on human bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cell lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:10197-10204. [PMID: 31966353 PMCID: PMC6965772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone is a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and it can induce apoptosis and autophagy in a variety of cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the influence of rosiglitazone on the proliferation and apoptosis of the 5637 and T24 human bladder cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated that the level of growth inhibition rate was gradually increased by treating the 5637 and T24 cells with higher doses of rosiglitazone and longer incubation time. Rosiglitazone exerted a potent inhibiting effect on migration of the 5637 and T24 cell lines. Moreover, rosiglitazone exerted a antineoplastic activity by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, treatment with rosiglitazone led to decrease the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 level and increase the pro-apoptotic protein caspase 3 level in 5637 and T24 cells. Importantly, the protein expression of PPAR γ was significantly increased in the present of rosiglitazone in 5637 and T24 cells as compared to control group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that rosiglitazone has a potential antineoplastic activity in human bladder cancer cell lines, and the underlying mechanism was mediated, at least partially, through regulation of apoptosis-related protein and PPAR γ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang UniversityJiujiang, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People Hospital of Zhuhai, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityZhuhai, China
| | - He Jiang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang UniversityJiujiang, China
| | - Lirong Meng
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic InstituteMacao, China
| | - Bin Lang
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic InstituteMacao, China
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10
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Lauková J, Kozubík A, Hofmanová J, Nekvindová J, Sova P, Moyer MP, Ehrmann J, Hyršlová Vaculová A. Loss of PTEN Facilitates Rosiglitazone-Mediated Enhancement of Platinum(IV) Complex LA-12-Induced Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141020. [PMID: 26492315 PMCID: PMC4619604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated for the first time an outstanding ability of rosiglitazone to mediate a profound enhancement of LA-12-induced apoptosis associated with activation of mitochondrial pathway in human colon cancer cells. This effect was preferentially observed in the G1 cell cycle phase, independent on p53 and PPARγ proteins, and accompanied with significant changes of selected Bcl-2 family protein levels. Further stimulation of cooperative synergic cytotoxic action of rosiglitazone and LA-12 was demonstrated in the cells deficient for PTEN, where mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was more stimulated and G1-phase-associated dying was reinforced. Our results suggest that combined treatment with rosiglitazone and LA-12 might be promising anticancer strategy in colon-derived tumours regardless of their p53 status, and also favourable in those defective in PTEN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Lauková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nekvindová
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sova
- Platinum Pharmaceuticals, a.s., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mary Pat Moyer
- INCELL Corporation LLC, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiří Ehrmann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
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Zhou HY, Zhong W, Zhang H, Bi MM, Wang S, Zhang WS. Potential role of nuclear receptor ligand all-trans retinoic acids in the treatment of fungal keratitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:826-32. [PMID: 26309886 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-395.2015.04.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a worldwide visual impairment disease. This infectious fungus initiates the primary innate immune response and, later the adaptive immune response. The inflammatory process is related to a variety of immune cells, including macrophages, helper T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and Treg cells, and is associated with proinflammatory, chemotactic and regulatory cytokines. All-trans retinoic acids (ATRA) have diverse immunomodulatory actions in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. These retinoids regulate the transcriptional levels of target genes through the activation of nuclear receptors. Retinoic acid receptor α (RAR α), retinoic acid receptor γ (RAR γ), and retinoid X receptor α (RXR α) are expressed in the cornea and immune cells. This paper summarizes new findings regarding ATRA in immune and inflammatory diseases and analyzes the perspective application of ATRA in FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Glaucoma, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
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Meshkani R, Sadeghi A, Taheripak G, Zarghooni M, Gerayesh-Nejad S, Bakhtiyari S. Rosiglitazone, a PPARγagonist, ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance and apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:683-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Meshkani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran IR Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Taheripak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran IR Iran
| | | | - Siavash Gerayesh-Nejad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran IR Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Ilam University of Medical Sciences; Ilam IR Iran
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Joshi H, Pal T, Ramaa CS. A new dawn for the use of thiazolidinediones in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:501-10. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.884708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhao H, Gu H, Zhang H, Li JH, Zhao WE. PPARγ-dependent pathway in the growth-inhibitory effects of K562 cells by carotenoids in combination with rosiglitazone. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:545-55. [PMID: 24036327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids have been found to play roles in the prevention and therapy of some cancers which PPARγ was also discovered to be involved in. The present studies were directed to determine the inhibitory effects of carotenoids in combination with rosiglitazone, a synthetic PPARγ agonist, on K562 cell proliferation and elucidate the contribution of PPARγ-dependent pathway to cell proliferation suppression. METHODS The effects of carotenoid and rosiglitazone combination on K562 cell proliferation were evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion assay and MTT assay. When PPARγ has been inhibited by GW9662 and siRNA, cycle-related regulator expression in K562 cells treated with carotenoid and rosiglitazone combination was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Rosiglitazone inhibited K562 cell proliferation and augmented the inhibitory effects of carotenoids on the cell proliferation greatly. Specific PPARγ inhibition attenuated the cell growth suppression induced by carotenoid and rosiglitazone combination. GW9662 pre-treatment attenuated the enhanced up-regulation of PPARγ expression caused by the combination treatment. Moreover, GW9662 and PPARγ siRNA also significantly attenuated the up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of cyclin D1 caused by carotenoids and rosiglitazone. CONCLUSIONS PPARγ signaling pathway, via stimulating p21 and inhibiting cyclin D1, may play an important role in the anti-proliferative effects of carotenoid and rosiglitazone combination on K562 cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Carotenoids in combination with rosiglitazone are hopeful to provide attractive dietary or supplementation-based and pharmaceutical strategies to treat cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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Chen FZ, Mo XM, Wang QP, Li J, Zhang L. Effects of rosiglitazone on the growth and lymphangiogenesis of human gastric cancer transplanted in nude mice. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2705-12. [PMID: 24002492 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer mainly metastasizes via lymphatic vessels. Thus, it is critical to identify efficacious chemopreventive agents for lymphangiogenesis. The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of rosiglitazone (ROSI) on the growth and lymphangiogenesis of human gastric cancer. We established a model of gastric cancer by subcutaneously inoculating the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 into nude mice. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and each group received a different agent by oral gavage. The control group received normal saline and treatment groups received different doses of ROSI once every 2 days. The growth of the tumor in vivo was assessed by measuring tumor volume. After 42 days, the mice were sacrificed and the tumors were removed. H&E staining was used to observe the histomorphological features; immunohistochemistry staining for lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was used to evaluate tumor lymphangiogenesis, RT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), and western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3. Compared with the control group, all treatment groups had smaller tumor volume and higher tumor growth inhibitory rate every day. The number of typical tumor cells in the control group was higher compared to that in the treatment groups, and the highest level of LVD was found in the control group. Furthermore, both the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA and proteins in the control group were significantly higher compared to those in the treatment groups. Markedly, these changes were correlated in a dose-dependent manner with ROSI. These results demonstrated that, through simultaneously blocking the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3, ROSI suppresses lymphangiogenesis. This may represent a powerful therapeutic approach for controlling gastric cancer cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Wang W, Xu G, Ding CL, Zhao LJ, Zhao P, Ren H, Qi ZT. All-trans retinoic acid protects hepatocellular carcinoma cells against serum-starvation-induced cell death by upregulating collagen 8A2. FEBS J 2013; 280:1308-19. [PMID: 23298258 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As a therapeutic or chemopreventative agent for various cancers, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) has been reported to inhibit growth, induce apoptosis or cause differentiation. It was found that atRA could protect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells against cell death induced by serum starvation. Furthermore, it was found that atRA could enhance cell adhesion, but had no effect on the cell cycle and apoptosis. Using an Illumina Human HT-12 v4 expression microarray, 207 upregulated and 173 downregulated genes were identified in HepG2 cells treated with atRA. The most upregulated genes are cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP26A1), histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 3 (HINT3), miR-1282 and cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B polypeptide 1 (CYP26B1), which showed more than fivefold greater expression. Using Gene Ontology analysis, the greatest significance was found in extracellular-matrix-related molecular functions and the cellular component in upregulated genes. The upregulation of collagen 8A2 (COL8A2) was further confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Knockdown of COL8A2 blocked enhancement in the early stage of cell adhesion by atRA treatment. Re-expression of COL8A2 in COL8A2-knocked-down HCC cells reversed the effect of small interfering RNA-COL8A2. In addition, COL8A2 could increase HCC cell migration and invasion. Thus, COL8A2 was identified as the key protein involved in the enhancement of cell adhesion of atRA under serum-free conditions. In conclusion, atRA protects HCC cells against serum-starvation-induced cell death by enhancing cell adhesion, and COL8A2 plays an important role in HCC cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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