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Shahraki K, Najafi A, Ilkhani Pak V, Shahraki K, Ghasemi Boroumand P, Sheervalilou R. The Traces of Dysregulated lncRNAs-Associated ceRNA Axes in Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Scope Review. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:551-564. [PMID: 38299506 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2306859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long non-coding RNAs are an essential component of competing endogenous RNA regulatory axes and play their role by sponging microRNAs and interfering with the regulation of gene expression. Because of the broadness of competing endogenous RNA interaction networks, they may help investigate treatment targets in complicated disorders. METHODS This study performed a systematic scoping review to assess verified loops of competing endogenous RNAs in retinoblastoma, emphasizing the competing endogenous RNAs axis related to long non-coding RNAs. We used a six-stage approach framework and the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of seven databases was done to locate suitable papers published before February 2022. Two reviewers worked independently to screen articles and collect data. RESULTS Out of 363 records, fifty-one articles met the inclusion criteria, and sixty-three axes were identified in desired articles. The majority of the research reported several long non-coding RNAs that were experimentally verified to act as competing endogenous RNAs in retinoblastoma: XIST/NEAT1/MALAT1/SNHG16/KCNQ1OT1, respectively. At the same time, around half of the studies investigated unique long non-coding RNAs. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the many features of this regulatory system may aid in elucidating the unknown etiology of Retinoblastoma and providing novel molecular targets for therapeutic and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahraki
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amin Najafi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vida Ilkhani Pak
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoush Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Paria Ghasemi Boroumand
- ENT, Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Kotowska-Zimmer A, Pewinska M, Olejniczak M. Artificial miRNAs as therapeutic tools: Challenges and opportunities. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 12:e1640. [PMID: 33386705 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been used for almost two decades to study gene functions and in therapeutic approaches. It uses cellular machinery and small, designed RNAs in the form of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or vector-based short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), and artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) to inhibit a gene of interest. Artificial miRNAs, known also as miRNA mimics, shRNA-miRs, or pri-miRNA-like shRNAs have the most complex structures and undergo two-step processing in cells to form mature siRNAs, which are RNAi effectors. AmiRNAs are composed of a target-specific siRNA insert and scaffold based on a natural primary miRNA (pri-miRNA). siRNAs serve as a guide to search for complementary sequences in transcripts, whereas pri-miRNA scaffolds ensure proper processing and transport. The dynamics of siRNA maturation and siRNA levels in the cell resemble those of endogenous miRNAs; therefore amiRNAs are safer than other RNAi triggers. Delivered as viral vectors and expressed under tissue-specific polymerase II (Pol II) promoters, amiRNAs provide long-lasting silencing and expression in selected tissues. Therefore, amiRNAs are useful therapeutic tools for a broad spectrum of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers and viral infections. Recent reports on the role of sequence and structure in pri-miRNA processing may contribute to the improvement of the amiRNA tools. In addition, the success of a recently initiated clinical trial for Huntington's disease could pave the way for other amiRNA-based therapies, if proven effective and safe. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kotowska-Zimmer
- Department of Genome Engineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marianna Pewinska
- Department of Genome Engineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Olejniczak
- Department of Genome Engineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, Poznan, Poland
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3
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Zha Z, Jia F, Hu P, Mai E, Lei T. MicroRNA-574-3p inhibits the malignant behavior of liver cancer cells by targeting ADAM28. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:3015-3023. [PMID: 32782619 PMCID: PMC7400418 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common and aggressive tumors, and usually leads to a poor clinical outcome. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the important functions of microRNAs (miRs) in tumor progression. miR-574-3p has been reported as a tumor suppressor and potential therapeutic target in various types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of the effects of miR-574-3p in liver cancer remains unknown. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect miR-574-3p expression in liver cancer tissues, and the influence of miR-574-3p on cell growth was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell migration and flow cytometry analyses. The present study revealed that miR-574-3p expression was downregulated in liver cancer tissues and cell lines. miR-574-3p overexpression, achieved by transfecting miR-574-3p mimics into liver cancer cells, reduced cell proliferation and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 28 (ADAM28) was identified as a miR-574-3p target via binding to the 3'-untranslated region of the ADAM28 mRNA. Gain-of-function of miR-574-3p downregulated the expression levels of ADAM28 in liver cancer cells. Additionally, overexpression of ADAM28 significantly attenuated the suppressive effect of miR-574-3p on the growth of liver cancer cells. The present results provide novel insights into the function of the miR-574-3p/ADAM28 signaling pathway in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Zha
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Fuxin Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Pingan Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Erhui Mai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471000, P.R. China
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4
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Chen EYY, Chen JS, Ying SY. The microRNA and the perspectives of miR-302. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01167. [PMID: 30723835 PMCID: PMC6351428 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are naturally occurring, small, non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of a large number of genes involved in various biological processes, either through mRNA degradation or through translation inhibition. MiRNAs play important roles in many aspects of physiology and pathology throughout the body, particularly in cancer, which have made miRNAs attractive tools and targets for translational research. The types of non-coding RNAs, biogenesis of miRNAs, circulating miRNAs, and direct delivery of miRNA were briefly reviewed. As a case of point, the role and perspective of miR-302, a family of ES-specific miRNA, on cancer, iPSCs, heart disease were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Yen Yu Chen
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, BMT-403, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- WJWU & LYNN Institute for Stem Cell Research, Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670, USA
| | - Jack S. Chen
- WJWU & LYNN Institute for Stem Cell Research, Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670, USA
| | - Shao-Yao Ying
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, BMT-403, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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5
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), widely distributed, small regulatory RNA genes, target both messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation and suppression of protein translation based on sequence complementarity between the miRNA and its targeted mRNA. Different names have been used to describe various types of miRNA. During evolution, RNA retroviruses or transgenes invaded the eukaryotic genome and were inserted itself in the noncoding regions of DNA, conceivably acting as transposon-like jumping genes, providing defense from viral invasion and fine-tuning of gene expression as a secondary level of gene modulation in eukaryotes. When a transposon is inserted in the intron, it becomes an intronic miRNA, taking advantage of the protein synthesis machinery, i.e., mRNA transcription and splicing, as a means for processing and maturation. MiRNAs have been found to play an important, but not life-threatening, role in embryonic development. They might play a pivotal role in diverse biological systems in various organisms, facilitating a quick response and accurate plotting of body physiology and structures. Based on these unique properties, manufactured intronic miRNAs have been developed for in vitro evaluation of gene function, in vivo gene therapy, and generation of transgenic animal models. The biogenesis of miRNAs, circulating miRNAs, miRNAs and cancer, iPSCs, and heart disease are presented in this chapter, highlighting some recent studies on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yao Ying
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Donald C Chang
- WJWU & LYNN Institute for Stem Cell Research, Santa Fe Springs, CA, USA
| | - Shi-Lung Lin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, WJWU & LYNN Institute for Stem Cell Research, Santa Fe Springs, CA, USA
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6
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Ding W, Yang H, Gong S, Shi W, Xiao J, Gu J, Wang Y, He B. Candidate miRNAs and pathogenesis investigation for hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3409-3414. [PMID: 28521446 PMCID: PMC5431310 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms behind the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identify information regarding HCC-related microRNAs (miRNAs) or marker genes for the gene therapy of HCC. Gene expression profile of GSE67882, generated from 4 hepatitis B virus infected HCC tissue samples (HCC group) and 8 chronic hepatitis B tissue samples with no fibrosis (control group) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed miRNAs functional enrichment and pathway analyses of HCC were revealed, followed by transcription factor-miRNA interaction network construction and analyses. A total of 14 upregulated miRNAs and 16 downregulated miRNAs between HCC and control samples were obtained. Differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in biological processes like the regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation, and the KEGG pathways in cancer map05200 demonstrates their involvement in cancer. A total of 3 outstanding regulatory networks of miRNAs: hsa-miR-15a, hsa-miR-125b and hsa-miR-122 were revealed. A total of 11 differentially expressed miRNAs including hsa-miR-146p-5b that regulated the marker genes of HCC were explored. miRNAs such as hsa-miR-15a, hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-122 and hsa-miR-146b-5p may be new biomarkers for the gene therapy of HCC. Furthermore, histone H3-K9 methylation and other pathways in cancer observed in the KEGG map05200 may be closely related with the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shenchu Gong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Weixiang Shi
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Gu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yilang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Bosheng He
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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7
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Targeting MicroRNAs in Cancer Gene Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8010021. [PMID: 28075356 PMCID: PMC5295016 DOI: 10.3390/genes8010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of conserved small non-coding RNAs that participate in regulating gene expression by targeting multiple molecules. Early studies have shown that the expression of miRNAs changes significantly in different tumor tissues and cancer cell lines. It is well acknowledged that such variation is involved in almost all biological processes, including cell proliferation, mobility, survival and differentiation. Increasing experimental data indicate that miRNA dysregulation is a biomarker of several pathological conditions including cancer, and that miRNA can exert a causal role, as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, in different steps of the tumorigenic process. Anticancer therapies based on miRNAs are currently being developed with a goal to improve outcomes of cancer treatment. In our present study, we review the function of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and development, and discuss the latest clinical applications and strategies of therapy targeting miRNAs in cancer.
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8
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Tian J, Hu X, Gao W, Zhang J, Chen M, Zhang X, Ma J, Yuan H. Identification a novel tumor-suppressive hsa-miR-599 regulates cells proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting oncogenic MYC in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2575-2584. [PMID: 27398141 PMCID: PMC4931152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidences have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) act an essential role in regulating tumor progression and metastasis. Previous miRNAs microarray data showed that hsa-miR-599 is lower expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the function and molecular mechanism of hsa-miR-599 on HCC has not been well illustrated. Here, we first analyzed the expression level of hsa-miR-599 in HCC tissues and cell lines by real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Interestingly, we found that hsa-miR-599 was significantly down-regulated in the examined HCC tissues and cell lines. Then cells proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed by MTT, wound-healing and trans-well assay respectively. The results showed that over-expression of hsa-miR-599 resulted in inhibited HCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyzes were used to confirm MYC (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) as a target gene of hsa-miR-599. MYC expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and restoration of hsa-miR-599 could remarkably decreased the mRNA and protein levels of MYC. Moreover, over-expression of MYC partly reversed hsa-miR-599-mediated inhibition of HCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrate that hsa-miR-599 acts as a tumor suppressor and inhibits HCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion by partly targeting oncogenic MYC, which hints that hsa-miR-599 can be a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, NanKai HospitalTianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Xibao Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, NanKai HospitalTianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, NanKai HospitalTianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, NanKai HospitalTianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, NanKai HospitalTianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Junhong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, NanKai HospitalTianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Yuan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 300193, P. R. China
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9
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GUO QINGZHI, DONG BAIHUA, NAN FANGFANG, GUAN DONGDONG, ZHANG YOUZHONG. 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in human cervical cancer via the activation of microRNA-143 and suppression of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:544-50. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Galka-Marciniak P, Olejniczak M, Starega-Roslan J, Szczesniak MW, Makalowska I, Krzyzosiak WJ. siRNA release from pri-miRNA scaffolds is controlled by the sequence and structure of RNA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:639-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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van den Berg FT, Rossi JJ, Arbuthnot P, Weinberg MS. Design of Effective Primary MicroRNA Mimics With Different Basal Stem Conformations. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e278. [PMID: 26756196 PMCID: PMC5012551 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) mimics are important mediators of effective gene silencing and are well suited for sustained therapeutic applications. Pri-miRNA mimics are processed in the endogenous miRNA biogenesis pathway, where elements of the secondary RNA structure are crucial for efficient miRNA production. Cleavage of the pri-miRNA to a precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) by Drosha-DGCR8 typically occurs adjacent to a basal stem of ~11 bp. However, a number of pri-miRNA structures are expected to contain slightly shorter or longer basal stems, which may be further disrupted in predicted folding of the expressed pri-miRNA sequence. We investigated the function and processing of natural and exogenous RNA guides from pri-miRNAs with various basal stems (9–13 bp), where a canonical hairpin was predicted to be well or poorly maintained in predicted structures of the expressed sequence. We have shown that RNA guides can be effectively derived from pri-miRNAs with various basal stem conformations, while predicted guide region stability can explain the function of pri-miRNA mimics, in agreement with previously proposed design principles. This study provides insight for the design of effective mimics based on naturally occurring pri-miRNAs and has identified several novel scaffolds suitable for use in gene silencing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona T van den Berg
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John J Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marc S Weinberg
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,HIV Pathogenesis Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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12
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Calloni R, Bonatto D. Scaffolds for Artificial miRNA Expression in Animal Cells. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2015; 26:162-74. [PMID: 26406928 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2015.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) are molecules that have been developed to promote gene silencing in a similar manner to naturally occurring miRNAs. amiRNAs are generally constructed by replacing the mature miRNA sequence in the pre-miRNA stem-loop with a sequence targeting a gene of interest. These molecules offer an interesting alternative to silencing approaches that are based on shRNAs and siRNAs because they present the same efficiency as these options and are less cytotoxic. amiRNAs have mostly been applied to gene knockdown in plants; they have been examined to a lesser extent in animal cells. Therefore, this article reviews the amiRNAs that have been developed for animal cells and focuses on the miRNA scaffolds that can already be applied to construct the artificial counterparts, as well as on the different approaches that have been described to promote amiRNA expression and silencing efficiency. Furthermore, the availability of amiRNA libraries and other tools that can be used to design and construct these molecules is briefly discussed, along with an overview of the therapeutic applications for which amiRNAs have already been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Calloni
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Down-regulated miR-28-5p in human hepatocellular carcinoma correlated with tumor proliferation and migration by targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 408:283-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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DNA Polymerases as targets for gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:325. [PMID: 25924900 PMCID: PMC4423151 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite many achievements in diagnosis and treatment, HCC mortality remains high due to the malignant nature of the disease. Novel approaches, especially for targeted therapy, are being extensively explored. Gene therapy is ideal for such purpose for its specific expression of exogenous genes in HCC cells driven by tissue-specific promoter. However strategies based on correction of mutations or altered expressions of genes responsible for the development/progression of HCC have limitations because these aberrant molecules are not presented in all cancerous cells. In the current work, we adopted a novel strategy by targeting the DNA replication step which is essential for proliferation of every cancer cell. Methods A recombinant adenovirus with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) promoter-controlled expressions of artificial microRNAs targeting DNA polymerases α, δ, ε and recombinant active Caspase 3, namely Ad/AFP-Casp-AFP-amiR, was constructed. Results The artificial microRNAs could efficiently inhibit the expression of the target polymerases in AFP-positive HCC cells at both RNA and protein levels, and HCC cells treated with the recombinant virus Ad/AFP-Casp-AFP-amiR exhibited significant G0/1 phase arrest. The proliferation of HCC cells were significantly inhibited by Ad/AFP-Casp-AFP-amiR with increased apoptosis. On the contrary, the recombinant adenovirus Ad/AFP-Casp-AFP-amiR did not inhibit the expression of DNA polymerases α, δ or ε in AFP-negative human normal liver cell HL7702, and showed no effect on the cell cycle progression, proliferation or apoptosis. Conclusions Inhibition of DNA polymerases α, δ and ε by AFP promoter-driven artificial microRNAs may lead to effective growth arrest of AFP-positive HCC cells, which may represent a novel strategy for gene therapy by targeting the genes that are essential for the growth/proliferation of cancer cells, avoiding the limitations set by any of the individually altered gene.
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15
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Tan Y, Lin B, Ye Y, Wen D, Chen L, Zhou X. Differential expression of serum microRNAs in cirrhosis that evolve into hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B virus. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2863-70. [PMID: 25962820 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) exist stably in body fluids and are potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twenty-five patients with cirrhosis that evolved into HCC, who were treated at The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University between January 2005 and December 2012, were enrolled. In the discovery stage, 2 serum samples pooled from 3 cirrhosis and 3 HCC samples were subjected to deep sequencing. Subsequently, differential expression of miRNAs was validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the serum samples from an independent cohort of 22 patients with cirrhosis and HCC. Twenty-two miRNAs showed a >2-fold upregulation (P<0.01), and 2 miRNAs showed a >2-fold downregulation (P<0.01) in the cirrhosis and HCC samples. Using the comparative Ct method, we calculated the 2-(ΔΔCt) for 40 candidate miRNAs in the sample sets. Eight of the 40 miRNAs demonstrated significantly differential expression levels between the disease categories. The miRNAs exhibiting differential expression were hsa-miR-122-5p, has-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-486-5p, has-miR-193b-5p, hsa-miR-206, has-miR-141-3p, has-miR-192-5p and has-miR-26a-5p. We identified the miRNAs differentially expressed in cirrhosis that evolved into hepatitis B virus-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Tan
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Wen
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xinbei Zhou
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Yao M, Wang L, Yao Y, Gu HB, Yao DF. Biomarker-based MicroRNA Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2014. [PMID: 26355266 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2014.0002026355266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key factors involved in a series of biological processes, ranging from embryogenesis to programmed cell death. Its link to aberrant expression profiles has rendered it a potentially attractive tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of various diseases. Accumulating evidence has indicated that miRNAs act as tumor suppressors in hepatocyte malignant transformation by regulating development, differentiation, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize recent progress in the development of novel biomarker-based miRNA therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China ; Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- The Hospital of Nantong Maternal and Child Care Service, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Bing Gu
- The Hospital of Nantong Maternal and Child Care Service, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deng-Fu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Yao M, Wang L, Yao Y, Gu HB, Yao DF. Biomarker-based MicroRNA Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2014; 2:253-8. [PMID: 26355266 PMCID: PMC4521238 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key factors involved in a series of biological processes, ranging from embryogenesis to programmed cell death. Its link to aberrant expression profiles has rendered it a potentially attractive tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of various diseases. Accumulating evidence has indicated that miRNAs act as tumor suppressors in hepatocyte malignant transformation by regulating development, differentiation, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize recent progress in the development of novel biomarker-based miRNA therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- The Hospital of Nantong Maternal and Child Care Service, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Bing Gu
- The Hospital of Nantong Maternal and Child Care Service, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deng-Fu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Myburgh R, Cherpin O, Schlaepfer E, Rehrauer H, Speck RF, Krause KH, Salmon P. Optimization of Critical Hairpin Features Allows miRNA-based Gene Knockdown Upon Single-copy Transduction. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e207. [PMID: 25350582 PMCID: PMC4217082 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene knockdown using micro RNA (miRNA)-based vector constructs is likely to become a prominent gene therapy approach. It was the aim of this study to improve the efficiency of gene knockdown through optimizing the structure of miRNA mimics. Knockdown of two target genes was analyzed: CCR5 and green fluorescent protein. We describe here a novel and optimized miRNA mimic design called mirGE comprising a lower stem length of 13 base pairs (bp), positioning of the targeting strand on the 5' side of the miRNA, together with nucleotide mismatches in upper stem positions 1 and 12 placed on the passenger strand. Our mirGE proved superior to miR-30 in four aspects: yield of targeting strand incorporation into RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC); incorporation into RISC of correct targeting strand; precision of cleavage by Drosha; and ratio of targeting strand over passenger strand. A triple mirGE hairpin cassette targeting CCR5 was constructed. It allowed CCR5 knockdown with an efficiency of over 90% upon single-copy transduction. Importantly, single-copy expression of this construct rendered transduced target cells, including primary human macrophages, resistant to infection with a CCR5-tropic strain of HIV. Our results provide new insights for a better knockdown efficiency of constructs containing miRNA. Our results also provide the proof-of-principle that cells can be rendered HIV resistant through single-copy vector transduction, rendering this approach more compatible with clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renier Myburgh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ophélie Cherpin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Erika Schlaepfer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F Speck
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Salmon
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cai ZK, Chen Q, Chen YB, Gu M, Zheng DC, Zhou J, Wang Z. microRNA-155 promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer cells by targeting annexin 7. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:533-8. [PMID: 25339368 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro (mi)RNAs are a group of small non-coding RNA molecules that have been demonstrated to regulate the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. The relevance of microRNAs in the development, progression and prognosis of prostate cancer is not fully understood. miR-155 has been implicated in the induction of breast, lung and liver cancer, but its role in prostate cancer has not been investigated. In the present study, the biological function of miR-155 was investigated in prostate cancer for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. It was demonstrated that the expression of miR-155 was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines as determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-155 promoted cell proliferation, as indicated by MTT assay. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that inhibition of miR-155 induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. In addition, western blot analysis indicated that annexin (ANX)7 was significantly downregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cells. A luciferase reporter assay indicated that ANX7 was a target of miR-155, which suggested that miRNA-155 promoted the proliferation of prostate cancer cells by regulating ANX7 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kang Cai
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Chen
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Da-Chao Zheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Chen X, Chen S, Hang W, Huang H, Ma H. MiR-95 induces proliferation and chemo- or radioresistance through directly targeting sorting nexin1 (SNX1) in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:589-95. [PMID: 24835695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are emerging as a class of small regulatory RNAs whose specific roles and significant functions in the majority of carcinomas have yet to be entirely illustrated. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of miR-95 and determine whether miR-95 could be a potential therapeutic target for human non-small cell lung cancer. First of all, our study showed that miR-95 was highly expressed in both NSCLC cell lines (compared with normal cells) and tumor tissues (compared with corresponding normal tissues), whereas the protein level of SNX1 was downregulated in NSCLC cell lines. Next, we found that ectopic overexpression of miR-95 in A549 or H226 contributed to tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. In addition, the results also indicated that upregulation of miR-95 could significantly enhance the susceptibilities of NSCLC cells to chemo- or radiotherapy. Furthermore, using the luciferase reporter, we demonstrated that SNX1 is a direct target of miR-95. Meanwhile, overexpression of SNX1 could abrogate the growth of NSCLC cells induced by miR-95. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-95 functions as an oncogene role in NSCLC cells by directly targeting SNX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomu Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Hang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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