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Hou CY, Hsieh CC, Hung YC, Hsu CC, Hsieh CW, Yu SH, Cheng KC. Evaluation of the amelioration effect of Ganoderma formosanum extract on delaying PM2.5 damage to lung macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300667. [PMID: 38282089 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Particulate matter (PM) contains toxic organic matter and heavy metals that enter the entire body through blood flow and may cause mortality. Ganoderma formosanum mycelium, a valuable traditional Chinese medicine that has been used since ancient times, contains various active ingredients that can effectively impede inflammatory responses on murine alveolar macrophages induced by PM particles. METHODS AND RESULTS An experimental study assessing the effect of G. formosanum mycelium extract's water fraction (WA) on PM-exposed murine alveolar macrophages using ROS measurement shows that WA reduces intracellular ROS by 12% and increases cell viability by 16% when induced by PM particles. According to RNA-Sequencing, western blotting, and real-time qPCR are conducted to analyze the metabolic pathway. The WA reduces the protein ratio in p-NF-κB/NF-κB by 18% and decreases the expression of inflammatory genes, including IL-1β by 38%, IL-6 by 29%, and TNF-α by 19%. Finally, the identification of seven types of anti-inflammatory compounds in the WA fraction is achieved through UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-Elite-MS/MS analysis. These compounds include anti-inflammatory compounds, namely thiamine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, pipecolic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, D-mannitol, and L-malic acid. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the WA has the potential to alleviate the PM -induced damage in alveolar macrophages, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Che Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ci Hung
- Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen XJ, Deng Z, Zhang LL, Pan Y, Fu J, Zou L, Bai Z, Xiao X, Sheng F. Therapeutic potential of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum against Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116222. [PMID: 38310653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a high-incidence neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment, memory loss, and psychiatric abnormalities. Ganoderma lucidum is a famous medicinal fungus with a long history of dietary intake, containing various bioactive components, and have been documented to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, and immunomodulatory effects, among others. Recent studies have shown that G. lucidum and its components have promising therapeutic potential against AD from various aspects, which can delay the progression of AD, improve cognitive function and quality of life. The underlying mechanisms mainly include inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, inhibiting Aβ formation, affecting activated microglia, regulating NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathway, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, modulating immune system, and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, etc. This paper systematically reviewed the relevant studies on the therapeutic potential of G. lucidum and its active components for treatment of AD, key points related with the mechanism studies and clinical trials have been discussed, and further perspectives have been proposed. Totally, as a natural medicinal mushroom, G. lucidum has the potential to be developed as effective adjuvant for AD treatment owing to its therapeutic efficacy against multiple pathogenesis of AD. Further mechanical investigation and clinical trials can help unlock the complete potential of G. lucidum as a therapeutic option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jia Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhou Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Yan Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Feiya Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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Shahid A, Chen M, Yeung S, Parsa C, Orlando R, Huang Y. The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum prevents lung tumorigenesis induced by tobacco smoke carcinogens. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1244150. [PMID: 37745066 PMCID: PMC10516555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1244150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (GL), commonly known as "Lingzhi", is a well-known medicinal mushroom with antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. This study examined the effects of a commercial GL product (GLSF) containing the spore and fruiting body in a 30:8 ratio on tobacco smoke carcinogen-induced lung toxicity and carcinogenesis. The potential chemopreventive effect of GLSF was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The non-tumorous human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were treated with GLSF extract (0.025 and 0.05 mg/mL), which significantly blocked malignant transformation induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) in a dose-dependent manner. To confirm its anti-carcinogenic activity in vivo, the mice were pre-treated with GLSF (2.0 g/kg of body weight) or curcumin (100 mg/kg of body weight) by oral gavage daily for 7 days and then exposed to a single dose of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (125 mg/kg of body weight). The GLSF-treated mice showed a significant reduction in B[a]P-induced lung toxicity, as indicated by decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, malondialdehyde levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and improved lung histopathology. We next determined the chemopreventive activity of GLSF in mice which were exposed to two weekly doses of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 100 mg/kg, on the 1st and 8th days) and fed with control or a modified diet containing GLSF (2.0 g/kg) or metformin (250 mg/kg) for 33 weeks. The GLSF and metformin treatments blocked NNK-induced lung tumor development by decreasing the lung weight, tumor area, and tumor burden compared to the mice exposed to NNK only. GLSF treatment also attenuated the expression of inflammatory, angiogenic, and apoptotic markers in lung tumors. Therefore, GLSF may be used for ameliorating tobacco smoke carcinogens-induced lung toxicity and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mengbing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Steven Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, CA, United States
| | - Robert Orlando
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, CA, United States
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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Yu Q, Liu M, Zhao T, Su M, Wang S, Xu W, He S, Li K, Mu X, Wu J, Sun P, Zheng F, Weng N. Mechanism of baixiangdan capsules on anti-neuroinflammation: combining dry and wet experiments. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7689-7708. [PMID: 37556347 PMCID: PMC10457058 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, and despite intensive research, treatment of neuroinflammation remains limited. BaiXiangDan capsule (BXD) is widely used in clinical practice. However, systematic studies on the direct role and mechanisms of BXD in neuroinflammation are still lacking. We systematically evaluated the potential pharmacological mechanisms of BXD on neuroinflammation using network pharmacological analysis combined with experimental validation. Multiple databases are used to mine potential targets for bioactive ingredients, drug targets and neuroinflammation. GO and KEGG pathway analysis was also performed. Interactions between active ingredients and pivotal targets were confirmed by molecular docking. An experimental model of neuroinflammation was used to evaluate possible therapeutic mechanisms for BXD. Network pharmacological analysis revealed that Chrysoeriol, Kaempferol and Luteolin in BXD exerted their anti-neuroinflammatory effects mainly by acting on targets such as NCOA2, PIK3CA and PTGS2. Molecular docking results showed that their average affinity was less than -5 kcal/mol, with an average affinity of -8.286 kcal/mol. Pathways in cancer was found to be a potentially important pathway, with involvement of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that BXD treatment ameliorated neural damage and reduced neuronal cell death. Western blotting, RT-qPCR and ELISA analysis showed that BXD inhibited not only the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and NO, but also NF-κB, MMP9 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. This study applied network pharmacology and in vivo experiments to explore the possible mechanisms of BXD against neuroinflammation, providing insight into the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Molin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Mengyue Su
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Preventive Treatment Center, Shenzhen Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shuhua He
- Department of Psychiatry, Boai Hospitai of Zhongshan, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Kejie Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiangyu Mu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Ning Weng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
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Innayah AM, Hariani ENS, Khotimah H, Kusumastuty I, Yunita EP, Handayani D. β-(1,3)-D-glucan from <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> correlates with lower plasma IL-6, IL-1β, HOMA-IR, and higher pancreatic beta cell count in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet (HFFD) rats. HEALTHCARE IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/hls.2023.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The increasing consumption of high-fat and high-fructose foods contributes to the increasing prevalence of global obesity. Low-grade chronic inflammation in obesity is a significant risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of β-(1,3)-D-glucan from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) extract on rats fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet.
Design and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged eight weeks. The rats were divided into groups given a normal (N) diet, a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD), D1 (HFFD+125 mg/kg BW β-glucan), D2 (HFFD+250 mg/kg BW β glucan), and D3 (HFFD+375 mg/kg BW β-glucan) with an intervention of 14 weeks. IL-6 and IL-1β levels were measured by the ELISA method, while HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) was calculated by the fasting insulin (ng/mL) x fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/405 formula. Pancreatic beta-cell counts were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.
Results: The results showed no differences in IL-6 and IL-1β between the treatment groups. However, there were significant differences in HOMA-IR and pancreatic beta-cell counts between groups. There were negative correlations between the dose of β-glucan and IL-6, IL-1β, and HOMA-IR levels. Also, there was a positive correlation between the dose of β-glucan and the number of pancreatic beta cells.
Conclusions: Administration of β-(1,3)-D-glucan from oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) extract prevented hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, also reduced inflammation in rats fed with HFFD regardless of weight gain.
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Naguib AM, Apparoo Y, Xiong C, Phan CW. Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifola frondosa (Agaricomycetes), and Its Neurotrophic Properties: A Mini-Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:11-22. [PMID: 36749053 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022046849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is one of the most common manifestations in an aging population. The occurrence of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the main contributors to the phenomenon. Neurologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are challenging to treat due to their irreversible manner as well as the lack of effective treatment. Grifola frondosa (Dicks.: Fr.) S.F. Gray, or maitake mushroom, is believed to be a potential choice as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. G. frondosa is known to be a functional food that has a wide variety of medicinal purposes. Thus, this review emphasizes the neuroprotective effects and the chemical composition of G. frondosa. Various studies have described that G. frondosa can protect and proliferate neuronal cells through neurogenesis, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-β-amyloid activities. The mechanism of action behind these therapeutic findings in various in vitro and in vivo models has also been intensively studied. In this mini review, we also summarized the chemical composition of G. frondosa to provide a better understanding of the presence of nutritional compounds in G. frondosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrina Mohamad Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasaaswini Apparoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chuan Xiong
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, P.R. China
| | - Chia Wei Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Clinical Investigation Centre, 5th Floor, East Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Lembah Pantai Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li B, Yuan L, Liu P, Geng Z, Zhang K, Jiang H, Sui H, Zhang B. Moxibustion attenuates inflammation in intestinal mucosal by regulating RAGE-mediated TLR4-NF-κBp65 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:4278-4294. [PMID: 35836884 PMCID: PMC9274590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of moxibustion on the RAGE/TLR4-NF-κBp65 pathways and mucosal damage in rat model of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) and the underlying mechanisms. 5-Fu treatment significantly increased the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligand, thehigh-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), in the rat intestinal tissue. The inhibition of RAGE could induce the repair of intestinal mucosal damage and downregulate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 in intestinal tissues of 5-Fu-treated rats. Moxibustion treatment significantly improved the physical symptoms and repaired the intestinal mucosal damage of IM rats and increased the expression of tight junction proteins in these rats. The expression of RAGE, HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κBp65, and related downstream inflammatory factors, namely, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, were significantly decreased after moxibustion treatment. A moxibustion dose of 15 min/day exerted a better therapeutic effect than a dose of 30 min/day. The phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 and IκBa is involved in reducing inflammation by regulating the RAGE signaling pathway. Moxibustion can reduce intestinal mucosal damage and inflammation in 5-Fu-induced IM rats via modulation of the RAGE/TLR4-NF-κBp65 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrong Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Geng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiru Jiang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Sui
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201803, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bimeng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
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The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum attenuates UV-induced skin carcinogenesis and immunosuppression. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265615. [PMID: 35312729 PMCID: PMC8936451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is traditionally used for treating multiple diseases, including cancer. This study examined skin cancer preventive activity of a commercial product containing spore and fruiting body in 30:8 ratio (GLSF). Extracts of GLSF and spore component (GLS) were prepared using artificial gastrointestinal juice and examined on JB6 cells. GLSF and GLS dose-dependently inhibited epidermal growth factor-induced JB6 transformation at non-toxic concentrations. SKH-1 mice which were fed with diets containing GLSF (1.25%), GLS (0.99%) or the fruiting body (GLF) (0.26%) were exposed to chronic low-dose ultraviolet (UV) radiation to assess their effects on skin carcinogenesis. GLSF, but not GLS or GLF, reduced skin tumor incidence and multiplicity. In non-tumor skin tissues of mice, GLSF attenuated UV-induced epidermal thickening, expression of Ki-67, COX-2 and NF-κB, while in tumor tissues, GLSF increased expression of CD8 and Granzyme B. To examine the effects of GLSF on UV-induced immunosuppression, mice which were fed with GLSF were evaluated for the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). GLSF significantly reversed UV-mediated suppression of DNFB-induced CHS by increasing CD8+ and decreasing CD4+ and FoxP3+ T-cells in mouse ears. Therefore, GLSF prevents skin cancer probably via attenuating UV-induced immunosuppression.
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Guo P, Zhang B, Zhao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Liu A, Du G. Medicine-Food Herbs against Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Their Traditional Functional Features, Substance Basis, Clinical Practices and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030901. [PMID: 35164167 PMCID: PMC8839204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that currently has reached epidemic proportions among elderly populations around the world. In China, available traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that organically combine functional foods with medicinal values are named “Medicine Food Homology (MFH)”. In this review, we focused on MFH varieties for their traditional functional features, substance bases, clinical uses, and mechanisms of action (MOAs) for AD prevention and treatment. We consider the antiAD active constituents from MFH species, their effects on in vitro/in vivo AD models, and their drug targets and signal pathways by summing up the literature via a systematic electronic search (SciFinder, PubMed, and Web of Science). In this paper, several MFH plant sources are discussed in detail from in vitro/in vivo models and methods, to MOAs. We found that most of the MFH varieties exert neuroprotective effects and ameliorate cognitive impairments by inhibiting neuropathological signs (Aβ-induced toxicity, amyloid precursor protein, and phosphorylated Tau immunoreactivity), including anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, antiautophagy, and antiapoptosis, etc. Indeed, some MFH substances and their related phytochemicals have a broad spectrum of activities, so they are superior to simple single-target drugs in treating chronic diseases. This review can provide significant guidance for people’s healthy lifestyles and drug development for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
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10
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Chan SW, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Lam CWK. The beneficial effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1161-1171. [PMID: 34465259 PMCID: PMC8409941 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1969413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Various herbal medicines are thought to be useful in the management of cardiometabolic disease and its risk factors. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae), also known as Lingzhi, has received considerable attention for various indications, including some related to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disease by ameliorating major cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the major studies of the whole plant, plant extract, and specific active compounds isolated from G. lucidum in relation to the main risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. METHODS References from major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were compiled. The search terms used were Ganoderma lucidum, Lingzhi, Reishi, cardiovascular, hypoglycaemic, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory. RESULTS A number of in vitro studies and in vivo animal models have found that G. lucidum possesses antioxidative, antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties, but the health benefits in clinical trials are inconsistent. Among these potential health benefits, the most compelling evidence thus far is its hypoglycaemic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes or hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS The inconsistent evidence about the potential health benefits of G. lucidum is possibly because of the use of different Ganoderma formulations and different study populations. Further large controlled clinical studies are therefore needed to clarify the potential benefits of G. lucidum preparations standardised by known active components in the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wa Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Study of the Lipolysis Effect of Nanoliposome-Encapsulated Ganoderma lucidum Protein Hydrolysates on Adipocyte Cells Using Proteomics Approach. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092157. [PMID: 34574267 PMCID: PMC8468392 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive lipid accumulation is a serious condition. Therefore, we aimed at developing safe strategies using natural hypolipidemic products. Lingzhi is an edible fungus and potential lipid suppression stimulant. To use Lingzhi as a functional hyperlipidemic ingredient, response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted to optimize the time (X1) and enzyme usage (X2) for the hydrolysate preparation with the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) and % yield. We encapsulated the hydrolysates using nanoscale liposomes and used proteomics to study how these nano-liposomal hydrolysates could affect lipid accumulation in adipocyte cells. RSM analysis revealed X1 at 8.63 h and X2 at 0.93% provided the highest values of DH and % yields were 33.99% and 5.70%. The hydrolysates were loaded into liposome particles that were monodispersed. The loaded nano-liposomal particles did not significantly affect cell survival rates. The triglyceride (TG) breakdown in adipocytes showed a higher TG increase compared to the control. Lipid staining level upon the liposome treatment was lower than that of the control. Proteomics revealed 3425 proteins affected by the liposome treatment, the main proteins being TSSK5, SMU1, GRM7, and KLC4, associated with various biological functions besides lipolysis. The nano-liposomal Linzghi hydrolysate might serve as novel functional ingredients in the treatment and prevention of obesity
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Postharvest Drying Techniques Regulate Secondary Metabolites and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154484. [PMID: 34361637 PMCID: PMC8347575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum extract is a potent traditional remedy for curing various ailments. Drying is the most important postharvest step during the processing of Ganoderma lucidum. The drying process mainly involves heat (36 h at 60 °C) and freeze-drying (36 h at −80 °C). We investigated the effects of different postharvest drying protocols on the metabolites profiling of Ganoderma lucidum using GC-MS, followed by an investigation of the anti-neuroinflammatory potential in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells. A total of 109 primary metabolites were detected from heat and freeze-dried samples. Primary metabolite profiling showed higher levels of amino acids (17.4%) and monosaccharides (8.8%) in the heat-dried extracts, whereas high levels of organic acids (64.1%) were present in the freeze-dried samples. The enzymatic activity, such as ATP-citrate synthase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase dehydrogenase, glutamine synthase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, related to the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle were significantly high in the heat-dried samples. We also observed a decreased phosphorylation level of the MAP kinase (Erk1/2, p38, and JNK) and NF-κB subunit p65 in the heat-dried samples of the BV2 microglia cells. The current study suggests that heat drying improves the production of ganoderic acids by the upregulation of TCA-related pathways, which, in turn, gives a significant reduction in the inflammatory response of LPS-induced BV2 cells. This may be attributed to the inhibition of NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways in cells treated with heat-dried extracts.
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Wang T, Ko W, Shin JY, Choi D, Lee DS, Kim S. Comparison of anti-inflammatory effects of Mecasin and its constituents on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:591. [PMID: 33884029 PMCID: PMC8056109 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mecasin, a traditional medicine, contains nine herbal constituents: Curcuma longa, Salvia miltio rhiza, Gastrodia elata, Chaenomeles sinensis, Polygala tenuifolia, Paeonia japonica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Atractylodes japonica and processed Aconitum carmichaeli. Several biological effects of mecasin have been described both in vivo and in vitro. Previous studies have demonstrated that mecasin has anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present study was to determine anti-inflammatory effects of mecasin and its natural product constituents on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells by measuring nitrite and nitric oxide contents. Nitrite production levels in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells incubated with mecasin and each individual constituent of mecasin were measured. The results suggested that C. longa, P. tenuifolia and P. japonica inhibited nitrite production in a pattern similar to that of mecasin. The effect of mecasin was likely a result of synergistic effects of its natural herb constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- ALS/MND Center of Wonkwang University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, Gwangju 61729, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmin Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yeong Shin
- Professional Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Professional Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Kim
- ALS/MND Center of Wonkwang University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, Gwangju 61729, Republic of Korea
- Professional Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Tomas-Hernandez S, Blanco J, Garcia-Vallvé S, Pujadas G, Ojeda-Montes MJ, Gimeno A, Arola L, Minghetti L, Beltrán-Debón R, Mulero M. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Grifola frondosa Natural Compound o-Orsellinaldehyde on LPS-Challenged Murine Primary Glial Cells. Roles of NF-κβ and MAPK. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:806. [PMID: 34071571 PMCID: PMC8229786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to foreign or endogenous stimuli, both microglia and astrocytes adopt an activated phenotype that promotes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. This inflammatory mechanism, known as neuroinflammation, is essential in the defense against foreign invasion and in normal tissue repair; nevertheless, when constantly activated, this process can become detrimental through the release of neurotoxic factors that amplify underlying disease. In consequence, this study presents the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of o-orsellinaldehyde, a natural compound found by an in silico approach in the Grifola frondosa mushroom, in astrocytes and microglia cells. For this purpose, primary microglia and astrocytes were isolated from mice brain and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, cells were exposed to LPS in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of this natural compound. Specifically, the results shown that o-orsellinaldehyde strongly inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes and microglia by decreasing nitrite formation and downregulating iNOS and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, in microglia cells o-orsellinaldehyde inhibits NF-κB activation; and potently counteracts LPS-mediated p38 kinase and JNK phosphorylation (MAPK). In this regard, o-orsellinaldehyde treatment also induces a significant cell immunomodulation by repolarizing microglia toward the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Altogether, these results could partially explain the reported beneficial effects of G. frondosa extracts on inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tomas-Hernandez
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43202 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - María José Ojeda-Montes
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleix Gimeno
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08020 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
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15
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Qi LFR, Liu S, Liu YC, Li P, Xu X. Ganoderic Acid A Promotes Amyloid-β Clearance (In Vitro) and Ameliorates Cognitive Deficiency in Alzheimer's Disease (Mouse Model) through Autophagy Induced by Activating Axl. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115559. [PMID: 34074054 PMCID: PMC8197357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to be caused by amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the central nervous system due to deficient clearance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ganoderic acid A (GAA) on Aβ clearance in microglia and its anti-AD activity. Aβ degradation in BV2 microglial cells was determined using an intracellular Aβ clearance assay. GAA stimulated autophagosome formation via the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (Axl)/RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) pathway was determined by Western blot analyses, and fluorescence-labeled Aβ42 was localized in lysosomes in confocal laser microscopy images. The in vivo anti-AD activity of GAA was evaluated by object recognition and Morris water maze (MWM) tests in an AD mouse model following intracerebroventricular injection of aggregated Aβ42. The autophagy level in the hippocampus was assayed by immunohistochemical assessment against microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light-chain 3B (LC3B). Intracellular Aβ42 levels were significantly reduced by GAA treatment in microglial cells. Additionally, GAA activated autophagy according to increased LC3B-II levels, with this increased autophagy stimulated by upregulating Axl and Pak1 phosphorylation. The effect of eliminating Aβ by GAA through autophagy was reversed by R428, an Axl inhibitor, or IPA-3, a Pak1 inhibitor. Consistent with the cell-based assay, GAA ameliorated cognitive deficiency and reduced Aβ42 levels in an AD mouse model. Furthermore, LC3B expression in the hippocampus was up-regulated by GAA treatment, with these GAA-specific effects abolished by R428. GAA promoted Aβ clearance by enhancing autophagy via the Axl/Pak1 signaling pathway in microglial cells and ameliorated cognitive deficiency in an AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng-Rong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-F.-R.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-F.-R.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (P.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Ci Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-F.-R.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-F.-R.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (P.L.)
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-F.-R.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.-C.L.); (P.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-2583271203
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Kushairi N, Tarmizi NAKA, Phan CW, Macreadie I, Sabaratnam V, Naidu M, David P. Modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways by medicinal mushrooms, with particular relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hilliard A, Mendonca P, Soliman KFA. Involvement of NFƙB and MAPK signaling pathways in the preventive effects of Ganoderma lucidum on the inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells induced by LPS. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 345:577269. [PMID: 32480240 PMCID: PMC7382303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) is a potent ancient Asian remedy for the treatment of various diseases. This study investigated GLE preventive effects on LPS-stimulated inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells. The results show that pre-treatment with GLE decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: G-CSF, IL1-α, MCP-5, MIP3α, and, with a higher effect in MIP3α. In RT-PCR assays, pre-treatment with GLE decreased mRNA expression of CHUK, NFκB1/p150, and IKBKE (NFƙB signaling), which may be associated with the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. The data show GLE inhibiting ability on pro-inflammatory mediators' release and suggest a potential role of GLE in neurodegenerative disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hilliard
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America
| | - Patricia Mendonca
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America.
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Ferrer MD, Busquets-Cortés C, Capó X, Tejada S, Tur JA, Pons A, Sureda A. Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3225-3241. [PMID: 29756563 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180514112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of many complex diseases and disorders including autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular pathologies. Prostaglandins play a regulatory role in inflammation. Cyclooxygenases are the main mediators of inflammation by catalyzing the initial step of arachidonic acid metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis. The differential expression of the constitutive isoform COX-1 and the inducible isoform COX-2, and the finding that COX-1 is the major form expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, lead to the search for COX-2-selective inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents that might diminish the gastrointestinal side effects of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). COX-2 isoform is expressed predominantly in inflammatory cells and decidedly upregulated in chronic and acute inflammations, becoming a critical target for many pharmacological inhibitors. COX-2 selective inhibitors happen to show equivalent efficacy with that of conventional NSAIDs, but they have reduced gastrointestinal side effects. This review would elucidate the most recent findings on selective COX-2 inhibition and their relevance to human pathology, concretely in inflammatory pathologies characterized by a prolonged pro-inflammatory status, including autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, chronic inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel D Ferrer
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Busquets-Cortés
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Laboratory for Physical Activity Sciences and Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Department of Basic Biology and Health Sciences, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Basta-Kaim A, Ślusarczyk J, Szczepanowicz K, Warszyński P, Leśkiewicz M, Regulska M, Trojan E, Lasoń W. Protective effects of polydatin in free and nanocapsulated form on changes caused by lipopolysaccharide in hippocampal organotypic cultures. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:603-613. [PMID: 31176102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydatin (PD) is a compound, originally isolated from the root and rhizome of the Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum. To date, various biological properties of this compound, such as analgesic, anti-pyretic or diuretic effects, have been shown. Recently, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been widely postulated, yet PD instability and low bioavailability limit its beneficial actions. Therefore, it has been suggested that an encapsulation process may be a promising strategy for overcoming these limitations and increasing the therapeutic efficacy of PD. METHODS We examined the effects of PD in two forms, including free and in PD-loaded polymeric nanocapsules, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in hippocampal organotypic cultures. RESULTS Our results indicated that free and encapsulated PD diminished cell death processes and attenuated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS administration. Additionally, PD in both forms strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and down-regulated the level of iNOS enzyme in LPS-stimulated hippocampal cultures. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study showed that PD exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in LPS-treated hippocampal organotypic cultures. Furthermore, we show that the encapsulation procedure preserved the features of the free form of this compound, and therefore, the polymeric nanocapsules containing PD may be used as a novel and promising delivery system in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ślusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczepanowicz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Warszyński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Regulska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Zhao C, Zhang C, Xing Z, Ahmad Z, Li JS, Chang MW. Pharmacological effects of natural Ganoderma and its extracts on neurological diseases: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1160-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Chen WY, Chang CY, Li JR, Wang JD, Wu CC, Kuan YH, Liao SL, Wang WY, Chen CJ. Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein Involving Microglial Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113678. [PMID: 30469316 PMCID: PMC6274830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia polarization of classical activation state is crucial to the induction of neuroinflammation, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Fungal immunomodulatory proteins are emerging health-promoting natural substances with multiple pharmacological activities, including immunomodulation. Herein, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential of fungal immunomodulatory protein extracted from Ganoderma microsporum (GMI) in an in vitro rodent model of primary cultures. Using primary neuron/glia cultures consisting of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, a GMI showed an alleviating effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced inflammatory mediator production and neuronal cell death. The events of neuroprotection caused by GMI were accompanied by the suppression of Nitric Oxide (NO), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, along with the inhibition of microglia activation. Mechanistic studies showed that the suppression of microglia pro-inflammatory polarization by GMI was accompanied by the resolution of oxidative stress, the preservation of protein tyrosine phosphatase and serine/threonine phosphatase activity, and the reduction of NF-κB, AP-1, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), along with signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat1) transcriptional activities and associated upstream activators. These findings suggest that GMI may have considerable potential towards the treatment of neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery, Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health Care, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
- Department of Financial Engineering, Providence University, Taichung 433, Taiwan.
- Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung 433, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Ferulic Acid Rescues LPS-Induced Neurotoxicity via Modulation of the TLR4 Receptor in the Mouse Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2774-2790. [PMID: 30058023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in the inflammatory brain response to infection. However, overactivation of microglia is neurotoxic. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in microglial activation via lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which triggers a variety of cytotoxic pro-inflammatory markers that produce deleterious effects on neuronal cells. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic compound that exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in neurodegenerative disease. However, the manner in which FA inhibits neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of FA against LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the mouse brain. First, we provide evidence that FA interferes with TLR4 interaction sites, which are required for the activation of microglia-induced neuroinflammation, and further examined the potential mechanism of its neuroprotective effects in the mouse hippocampus using molecular docking simulation and immunoblot analysis. Our results indicated that FA treatment inhibited glial cell activation, p-JNK, p-NFKB, and downstream signaling molecules, such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β, in the mouse hippocampus and BV2 microglial cells. FA treatment strongly inhibited mitochondrial apoptotic signaling molecules, such as Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3, and PARP-1, and reversed deregulated synaptic proteins, including PSD-95, synaptophysin, SNAP-25, and SNAP-23, and synaptic dysfunction in LPS-treated mice. These findings demonstrated that FA treatment interfered with the TLR4/MD2 complex binding site, which is crucial for evoking neuroinflammation via microglia activation and inhibited NFKB likely via a JNK-dependent mechanism, which suggests a therapeutic implication for neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration.
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Zhang D, Ma X, Wu H, Hong J, Zhang C, Wu L, Liu J, Zhu Y, Yang L, Wei K, Yan H. Efficacy of herb-partitioned moxibustion at Qihai (CV 6) and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) on colonic damage and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with Crohn's disease. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [PMID: 32186061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of stimulating Qihai (CV 6) and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) with herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) in rats with Crohn's disease (CD), and to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of HPM. METHODS Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 rats per group): normal control (NC), model control (MC), mesalamine (MES), and HPM. The CD rat model was established in the MC, MES, and HPM groups by administering a mixture of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and alcohol via enema. The HPM group received HPM on Qihai (CV 6) and bilateral Tianshu (ST 25), while the MES group received intragastric mesalamine. Colonic histomorphological scores, and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor ¦Á (TNF-¦Á) and interleukin 1¦Â (IL-1¦Â) were assessed to evaluate the effects of HPM on colonic reparation and anti-inflammation. The expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor ¦ÊB inhibitor ¦Á (I¦ÊB-¦Á), I¦ÊB kinase ¦Á/¦Â (IKK¦Á/¦Â), and NF-¦ÊB p65 were further analyzed to investigate the regulatory effects of the interventions on the TLR4/NF-¦ÊB pathway. RESULTS CD rats showed inflammatory colonic damage and increased serum concentrations of TNF-¦Á and IL-1¦Â. The expressions of TLR4, IKK¦Á/¦Â, and NF-¦ÊB p65 in the colons of CD rats were significantly increased compared with the NC group, while the expression of I¦ÊB¦Á (a key negative regulator of NF-¦ÊB p65) was decreased. HPM significantly mitigated colonic damage and reduced the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1¦Â. HPM downregulated the expressions of TLR4, IKK¦Á/¦Â, and NF-¦ÊB p65 in the colon, and upregulated the expression of I¦ÊB¦Á. The effects of HPM in CD rats were similar to those of mesalamine. CONCLUSION HPM alleviates colonic inflammation in CD rats. This may be achieved through regulation of TLR4, which induces NF-¦ÊB signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jue Hong
- Key Laboratory for Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lingxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory for Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huang Yan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai Huangpu Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai 200010, China
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24
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Hu Q, Yuan B, Xiao H, Zhao L, Wu X, Rakariyatham K, Zhong L, Han Y, Muinde Kimatu B, Yang W. Polyphenols-rich extract from Pleurotus eryngii with growth inhibitory of HCT116 colon cancer cells and anti-inflammatory function in RAW264.7 cells. Food Funct 2018; 9:1601-1611. [PMID: 29465116 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01794d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms are rich sources of bioactive components. In this study, a polyphenol-rich extract, designated as PPEP, was isolated from an edible mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii. Using ultra high performance liquid chromatograph combined with triple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS/MS), gallic acid monohydrate, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid, methyl gallate, syringic acid, ellagic acid and catechin were identified in PPEP. This phenolic-rich extract PPEP exhibited anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by inhibiting the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects of PPEP were associated with the inhibition of iNOS expression, suppression of p-IκB protein expression and inhibition of NF-κB and IκB mRNA expression. Next, the inhibitory effect of PPEP against human colon cancer cells was also determined. PPEP suppressed cell proliferation of human colon cancer HCT116 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, while it showed no inhibitory effect on normal human colonic myofibroblasts CCD-18Co cells at the same tested concentrations (0-200 μg mL-1). Moreover, PPEP induced cell cycle arrest and led to extensive cellular apoptosis in human colon cancer cells, which was associated with the downregulation of cell cycle-related signaling protein, e.g. cyclin B and cyclin E, and the upregulation of apoptosis-related signaling protein caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3. Overall, our results provided a basis for using PPEP as a promising preventive agent against inflammatory disease and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Biao Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China. and Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | | | - Lei Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Benard Muinde Kimatu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Wang J, Cao B, Zhao H, Feng J. Emerging Roles of Ganoderma Lucidum in Anti-Aging. Aging Dis 2017; 8:691-707. [PMID: 29344411 PMCID: PMC5758346 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a white-rot fungus that has been viewed as a traditional Chinese tonic for promoting health and longevity. It has been revealed that several extractions from Ganoderma lucidum, such as Ethanol extract, aqueous extract, mycelia extract, water soluble extract of the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia, Ganodermasides A, B, C, D, and some bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum, including Reishi Polysaccharide Fraction 3, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides I, II, III, IV, Ganoderma lucidum peptide, Ganoderma polysaccharide peptide, total G. lucidum triterpenes and Ganoderic acid C1 could exert lifespan elongation or related activities. Although the use of Ganoderma lucidum as an elixir has been around for thousands of years, studies revealing its effect of lifespan extension are only the tip of the iceberg. Besides which, the kinds of extractions or components being comfrimed to be anti-aging are too few compared with the large amounts of Ganoderma lucidum extractions or constituients being discovered. This review aims to lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum underlying anti-aging effect and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Chi B, Wang S, Bi S, Qin W, Wu D, Luo Z, Gui S, Wang D, Yin X, Wang F. Effects of ganoderic acid A on lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine release from primary mouse microglia cultures. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:847-853. [PMID: 29399089 PMCID: PMC5772755 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
For several thousand years, Ganoderma lucidum (Ling-Zhi in Chinese and Reishi in Japanese) has been widely used as a traditional medication for the prevention and treatment of various diseases in Asia. Its major biologically active components, ganoderic acids (GAs), exhibit significant medicinal value due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Dysregulation of microglial function may cause seizures or promote epileptogenesis through release of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. At present, only little information is available on the effects of GAs on microglia-mediated inflammation in vitro and/or in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate the role of GA-A on microglia-mediated inflammation in vitro. In addition, the effect of GA-A on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-evoked alterations in mitochondrial metabolic activity of microglia was evaluated. The results of the present study demonstrated that GA-A significantly decreased LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α release from mouse-derived primary cortical microglial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. GA-A treatment reduced LPS-induced expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) and its inhibitor, demonstrating that non-toxic suppression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production by GA-A is, at least in part, due to suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, the LPS-induced stimulation of mitochondrial activity of microglial cells was abolished by co-treatment with GA-A. Thus, GA-A treatment may be a potential therapeutic strategy for epilepsy prevention by suppressing microglia-derived proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Chi
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Qin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Material College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Zhenguo Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Gui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhong Yin
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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Baskaran A, Chua KH, Sabaratnam V, Ravishankar Ram M, Kuppusamy UR. Pleurotus giganteus (Berk. Karun & Hyde), the giant oyster mushroom inhibits NO production in LPS/H 2O 2 stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via STAT 3 and COX-2 pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:40. [PMID: 28086773 PMCID: PMC5237140 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Pleurotus giganteus (Berk. Karunarathna and K.D. Hyde), has been used as a culinary mushroom and is known to have medicinal properties but its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent to mitigate inflammation triggered diseases is untapped. In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of ethanol extract of P. giganteus (EPG) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and combination of LPS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced inflammation on RAW 264.7 macrophages was investigated. Method The effect of EPG on nitric oxide (NO) production as an indicator of inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages was estimated based on Griess reaction that measures nitrite level. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NF-kB activating protein (NKAP), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein (STAT 3) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) genes were assessed using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach. Results EPG (10 μg/ml) showed the highest reduction in the LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) the expression iNOS, STAT 3 and COX-2. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in combination of LPS and H2O2- induced iNOS production when compared to the LPS-induced iNOS production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and this concurred with the NO production which was attenuated by EPG at 10 μg/ml. A significant (p < 0.05) down regulation was observed in the combination of LPS and H2O2-induced iNOS and GPx expression by EPG. Conclusions Our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of EPG is mediated via the suppression of the STAT 3 and COX-2 pathways and can serve as potential endogenous antioxidant stimulant.
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bee Venom in BV2 Microglial Cells: Mediation of MyD88-Dependent NF-κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3704764. [PMID: 27563334 PMCID: PMC4987476 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3704764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bee venom has long been used as a traditional folk medicine in Korea. It has been reportedly used for the treatment of arthritis, cancer, and inflammation. Although its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated inflammatory cells has been reported, the exact mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of bee venom in BV2 microglial cells. We first investigated whether NO production in LPS-activated BV2 cells was inhibited by bee venom, and further iNOS mRNA and protein expressions were determined. The mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines were examined using semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Moreover, modulation of the transcription factor NF-κB by bee venom was also investigated using a luciferase assay. LPS-induced NO production in BV2 microglial cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner upon pretreatment with bee venom. Bee venom markedly reduced the mRNA expression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and suppressed LPS-induced activation of MyD88 and IRAK1 and phosphorylation of TAK1. Moreover, NF-κB translocation by IKKα/β phosphorylation and subsequent IκB-α degradation were also attenuated. Thus, collectively, these results indicate that bee venom exerts its anti-inflammatory activity via the IRAK1/TAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Feng HL, Dang HZ, Fan H, Chen XP, Rao YX, Ren Y, Yang JD, Shi J, Wang PW, Tian JZ. Curcumin ameliorates insulin signalling pathway in brain of Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:734-741. [PMID: 27466310 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016659494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in glucose, impaired insulin signalling and brain insulin resistance are common in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, some scholars even called AD type 3 diabetes mellitus. Curcumin can reduce the amyloid pathology in AD. Moreover, it is a well-known fact that curcumin has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether or not curcumin could regulate the insulin signal transduction pathway in AD remains unclear. In this study, we used APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice as the AD model to investigate the mechanisms and the effects of curcumin on AD. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and a western blot analysis were used to test the major proteins in the insulin signal transduction pathway. After the administration of curcumin for 6 months, the results showed that the expression of an insulin receptor (InR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 decreased in the hippocampal CA1 area of the APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice, while the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), serine-threonine kinase (AKT) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) increased. Among the curcumin groups, the medium-dose group was the most effective one. Thus, we believe that curcumin may be a potential therapeutic agent that can regulate the critical molecules in brain insulin signalling pathways. Furthermore, curcumin could be adopted as one of the AD treatments to improve a patient's learning and memory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), PR China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui-Zi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), PR China.,Pneumology Department, Huimin Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), PR China.,Beijing Chaoyang Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Pei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), PR China.,Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaifeng, PR China
| | | | - Ying Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), PR China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin-Duo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), PR China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), PR China.,BUCM Neurology Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), PR China .,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin-Zhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), PR China.,BUCM Neurology Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
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Lee YH, Kim JH, Song CH, Jang KJ, Kim CH, Kang JS, Choi YH, Yoon HM. Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1. J Pharmacopuncture 2016; 19:59-69. [PMID: 27280051 PMCID: PMC4887753 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2016.19.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and H2O2 in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and H2O2-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited H2O2-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed H2O2-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 (p-γH2AX), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented H2O2-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against H2O2-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from H2O2-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Hwan Lee
- Departments of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Departments of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Choon-Ho Song
- Departments of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jeon Jang
- Departments of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Kim
- Departments of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Kang
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea; Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Yoon
- Departments of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Shi S, Liang D, Chen Y, Xie Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang Z, Qiao Z. Gx-50 reduces β-amyloid-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, and PGE2 expression and inhibits NF-κB signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:665-76. [PMID: 26643273 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, which is regulated by overactivated microglia in the brain, accelerates the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Gx-50 has been investigated as a novel drug for the treatment of AD in our previous studies. Here, we investigated whether gx-50 possesses anti-inflammatory effects in primary rat microglia and a mouse model of AD, amyloid precursor protein (APP) Tg mice. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, prostaglandin E2, and the expression of iNOS and COX2 were inhibited by gx-50 in amyloid β (Aβ) treated rat microglia; additionally, microglial activation and the expression of IL-1β, iNOS, and COX2 were also significantly suppressed by gx-50 in APP(+) transgenic mice. Furthermore, gx-50 inhibited the activation of NF-κB and MAPK cascades in vitro and in vivo in APP-Tg mice. Moreover, the expression of TLR4 and its downstream signaling proteins MyD88 and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) was reduced by gx-50 in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, silencing of TLR4 reduced Aβ-induced upregulation of IL-1β and TRAF6 to levels similar to gx-50 inhibition; moreover, overexpression of TLR4 increased the expression of MyD88 and TRAF6, which was significantly reduced by gx-50. These findings provide strong evidence that gx-50 has anti-inflammatory effects against Aβ-triggered microglial overactivation via a mechanism that involves the TLR4-mediated NF-κBB/MAPK signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongli Liang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Xie
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongdong Qiao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yang Z, Zhong L, Zhong S, Xian R, Yuan B. miR-203 protects microglia mediated brain injury by regulating inflammatory responses via feedback to MyD88 in ischemia. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:293-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yu GJ, Yin YL, Yu WH, Liu W, Jin YX, Shrestha A, Yang Q, Ye XD, Sun H. Proteome exploration to provide a resource for the investigation of Ganoderma lucidum. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119439. [PMID: 25756518 PMCID: PMC4355618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a basidiomycete white rot fungus that has been used for medicinal purposes worldwide. Although information concerning its genome and transcriptome has recently been reported, relatively little information is available for G. lucidum at the proteomic level. In this study, protein fractions from G. lucidum at three developmental stages (16-day mycelia, and fruiting bodies at 60 and 90 days) were prepared and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. A search against the G. lucidum genome database identified 803 proteins. Among these proteins, 61 lignocellulose degrading proteins were detected, most of which (49 proteins) were found in the 90-day fruiting bodies. Fourteen TCA-cycle related proteins, 17 peptidases, two argonaute-like proteins, and two immunomodulatory proteins were also detected. A majority (470) of the 803 proteins had GO annotations and were classified into 36 GO terms, with "binding", "catalytic activity", and "hydrolase activity" having high percentages. Additionally, 357 out of the 803 proteins were assigned to at least one COG functional category and grouped into 22 COG classifications. Based on the results from the proteomic and sequence alignment analyses, a potentially new immunomodulatory protein (GL18769) was expressed and shown to have high immunomodulatory activity. In this study, proteomic and biochemical analyses of G. lucidum were performed for the first time, revealing that proteins from this fungus can play significant bioactive roles and providing a new foundation for the further functional investigations that this fungus merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Lin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Xia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alok Shrestha
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang HS, Choi YJ, Oh HH, Jo JH, Jung HK, Seo KS, Park TY, Jin SW, Huh CK. Anti-inflammatory effects of Ganoderma lucidum water extracts fermented using lactic acid bacteria based on HO-1 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates infrasound-induced neuronal impairment by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:716-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-activated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4-mediated TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:642-56. [PMID: 24467851 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been shown to possess significant neuroprotective activity. Since microglia-mediated inflammation is critical for induction of neurodegeneration, this study was designed to investigate the effect of PF11 on activated microglia. PF11 significantly suppressed the release of ROS and proinflammatory mediators induced by LPS in a microglial cell line N9 including NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, PF11 inhibited interaction and expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in LPS-activated N9 cells, resulting in an inhibition of the TAK1/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway. PF11 also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs induced by LPS in N9 cells. Importantly, PF11 significantly alleviated the death of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary cortical neurons induced by the conditioned-medium from activated microglia. At last, the effect of PF11 on neuroinflammation was confirmed in vivo: PF11 mitigated the microglial activation and proinflammatory factors expression obviously in both cortex and hippocampus in mice injected intrahippocampally with LPS. These findings indicate that PF11 exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-activated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4-mediated TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways, suggesting its therapeutic implication for neurodegenerative disease associated with neuroinflammation.
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Mycoepoxydiene inhibits activation of BV2 microglia stimulated by lipopolysaccharide through suppressing NF-κB, ERK 1/2 and toll-like receptor pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:88-93. [PMID: 24447679 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycoepoxydiene (MED) is a polyketide isolated from the marine fungal Diaporthe sp. HLY-1 associated with mangroves. Although MED has been shown to have various biological effects such as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, its activities and cellular mechanisms during microglial activation have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of MED on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglia. MED significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (INF-γ), and nitric oxide (NO), whereas it increased anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production in BV2 microglia in a concentration-dependent manner without causing cytotoxicity. Moreover, MED suppressed NF-κB activation by blocking IkappaB-α (IκB-α) degradation and inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, but had no effect on the phosphorylation of JNK, and p38. Our results demonstrate that the inhibitory and promotion effect of MED on LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory factor production in BV2 microglia is associated with the suppression of the NF-κB, ERK1/2 and TLR signaling pathways. Therefore, MED may have therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and enhancing anti-inflammatory factor production in activated microglia.
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A survey of chinese medicinal herbal treatment for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:284959. [PMID: 24285975 PMCID: PMC3830834 DOI: 10.1155/2013/284959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis is one of the common side effects of chemotherapy treatment with potentially severe implications. Despite several treatment approaches by conventional and complementary western medicine, the therapeutic outcome is often not satisfactory. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers empirical herbal formulas for the treatment of oral ulceration which are used in adaptation to chemotherapy-induced mucositis. While standard concepts for TCM treatment do not exist and acceptance by conventional oncologists is still low, we conducted a review to examine the evidence of Chinese herbal treatment in oral mucositis. Eighteen relevant studies on 4 single herbs, 2 combinations of 2 herbs, and 11 multiherbal prescriptions involving 3 or more compounds were included. Corresponding molecular mechanisms were investigated. The knowledge about detailed herbal mechanisms, especially in multi-herbal prescriptions is still limited. The quality of clinical trials needs further improvement. Meta-analysis on the existent database is not possible but molecular findings on Chinese medicinal herbs indicate that further research is still promising for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.
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