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Melisnawati H. Angio, Renjana E, Firdiana ER. Morphology characterization and phytochemical overview of the Moluccan Ironwood Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze, a living collection of Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Indonesia. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2022. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.7785.14.9.21853-21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the ex situ conservation sites, Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG) has Intsia bijuga as its collection with high economic value for its high quality wood. It is categorised as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List. Its efficacy as herb is due to the presence of its various chemical compounds. The purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of I. bijuga cultivated in PBG and to reveal its phytochemical compounds, as well as their health benefits. This research was conducted at the PBG in April–May 2020. The plant material was obtained from PBG collection. The plant morphology was characterized by direct observation in the field, while information regarding phytochemical compounds of I. bijuga along with their benefits was obtained by literature review. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that I. bijuga collected by PBG came from Maluku and Java. Both have morphological characteristics that are not very different, i.e., they are trees, they have compound leaves, pale stems with lenticels on their surface, panicle flowers, pod-shaped fruits, and buttress roots. I. bijuga contains polyphenol compounds that have medicinal benefits, such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-viral, hence it has enormous medicinal potential. Due to habitat shrinkage of the species, an effort to have it conserved ex situ is critical.
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Metabolite Dysregulation by Pranlukast in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051520. [PMID: 35268621 PMCID: PMC8911922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been infecting millions of people worldwide over the years, causing tuberculosis. Drugs targeting distinct cellular mechanisms including synthesis of the cell wall, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in Mtb are currently being used for the treatment of TB. Although extensive research is being carried out at the molecular level in the infected host and pathogen, the identification of suitable drug targets and drugs remains under explored. Pranlukast, an allosteric inhibitor of MtArgJ (Mtb ornithine acetyltransferase) has previously been shown to inhibit the survival and virulence of Mtb. The main objective of this study was to identify the altered metabolic pathways and biological processes associated with the differentially expressed metabolites by PRK in Mtb. Here in this study, metabolomics was carried out using an LC-MS/MS-based approach. Collectively, 50 metabolites were identified to be differentially expressed with a significant p-value through a global metabolomic approach using a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Metabolites downstream of argJ were downregulated in the arginine biosynthetic pathway following pranlukast treatment. Predicted human protein interactors of pranlukast-treated Mtb metabolome were identified in association with autophagy, inflammation, DNA repair, and other immune-related processes. Further metabolites including N-acetylglutamate, argininosuccinate, L-arginine, succinate, ergothioneine, and L-phenylalanine were validated by multiple reaction monitoring, a targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach. This study facilitates the understanding of pranlukast-mediated metabolic changes in Mtb and holds the potential to identify novel therapeutic approaches using metabolic pathways in Mtb.
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In-silico efficacy of potential phytomolecules from Ayurvedic herbs as an adjuvant therapy in management of COVID-19. J Food Drug Anal 2021; 29:559-580. [PMID: 35649148 PMCID: PMC9931022 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has sparked a new spectrum of investigations, research and studies in multifarious directions. Efforts are being made around the world for discovery of effective vaccines/drugs against COVID-19. In this context, Ayurveda, an alternative traditional system of medicine in India may work as an adjuvant therapy in compromised patients. We selected 40 herbal leads on the basis of their traditional applications. The phytomolecules from these leads were further screened through in-silico molecular docking against two main targets of SARS-CoV-2 i.e. the spike protein (S; structural protein) and the main protease (MPRO; non-structural protein). Out of the selected 40, 12 phytomolecules were able to block or stabilize the major functional sites of the main protease and spike protein. Among these, Ginsenoside, Glycyrrhizic acid, Hespiridin and Tribulosin exhibited high binding energy with both main protease and spike protein. Etoposide showed good binding energy only with Spike protein and Teniposide had high binding energy only with main protease. The above phytocompounds showed promising binding efficiency with target proteins indicating their possible applications against SARS-CoV-2. However, these findings need to be validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments with above mentioned potential molecules as candidate drugs for the management of COVID-19. In addition, there is an opportunity for the development of formulations through different permutations and combinations of these phytomolecules to harness their synergistic potential.
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Wasan H, Singh D, Joshi B, Upadhyay D, Sharma U, Dinda AK, Reeta KH. Dihydromyricetin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating apoptosis and astrogliosis in peri-infarct cortex. Neurol Res 2021; 44:403-414. [PMID: 34882069 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1997010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In ischemic stroke, reperfusion after thrombolysis is associated with secondary brain damage. Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a flavonoid, has shown neuroprotective effects through anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. This study investigates the potential of DHM, given postreperfusion in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model of stroke in rats. METHODS MCAo surgery was performed in male Wistar rats. Reperfusion was performed after 90 min of ischemia. DHM (50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered 10-15 min and 2 h postreperfusion followed by daily dosing for 2 more days. Neurobehavioral parameters and infarct size (TTC staining) were assessed after 72 h. The effective dose (100 mg/kg) was then used to study reduction in infarct size (measured by MRI) and effect on apoptosis (evaluated by protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL assay) in peri-infarct cortex. Furthermore, effects of DHM on neuronal damage and activation of astrocytes were studied by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Poststroke DHM (100 mg/kg) administered for 3 days showed significant improvements in motor-coordination and infarct damage (TTC staining and MRI). MCAo-induced altered apoptotic proteins were normalized to a significant extent in peri-infarct cortex with DHM treatment. Data from TUNEL assay were complementary to the effects on apoptotic proteins. Additionally, DHM caused a significant reduction in the number of reactive astrocytes when compared with the MCAo group. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated the efficacy of subacute DHM treatment in ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating apoptosis and astrogliosis in the peri-infarct cortex. This suggests the potential of DHM in attenuating disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himika Wasan
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Balu Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - K H Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Populus tomentiglandulosa Extract Is Rich in Polyphenols and Protects Neurons, Astrocytes, and the Blood-Brain Barrier in Gerbil Striatum Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185430. [PMID: 34576901 PMCID: PMC8471727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient ischemia in brains causes neuronal damage, gliosis, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, which is related to ischemia-induced brain dysfunction. Populus species have various pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we found that phenolic compounds were rich in Populus tomentiglandulosa extract and examined the effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa extract on neuronal damage/death, astrogliosis, and BBB breakdown in the striatum, which is related to motor behavior, following 15-min transient ischemia in the forebrain in gerbils. The gerbils were pre-treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the extract. The latter showed significant effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ischemia-induced hyperactivity using spontaneous motor activity test was significantly attenuated by the treatment. Striatal cells (neurons) were dead at five days after the ischemia; however, pre-treatment with the extract protected the striatal cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ischemia-induced reactive astrogliosis was significantly alleviated, in particular, astrocyte end feet, which are a component of BBB, were significantly preserved. Immunoglobulin G, which is not found in intact brain parenchyma, was apparently shown (an indicator of extravasation) in striatal parenchyma at five days after the ischemia, but IgG leakage was dramatically attenuated in the parenchyma by the pre-treatment. Based on these findings, we suggest that Populus tomentiglandulosa extract rich in phenolic compounds can be employed as a pharmaceutical composition to develop a preventive material against brain ischemic injury.
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Wang Y, Lv W, Li Y, Liu D, He X, Liu T. Ampelopsin Improves Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease and Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:44-51. [PMID: 31797758 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191203153447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have significant effects on cognitive deficiency in the pathophysiological development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we studied the influences of Ampelopsin (AMP) on proinflammatory cytokines (PICs, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), and products of oxidative stress 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α, a product of oxidative stress); and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a key biomarker of protein oxidation) in the hippocampus using a rat model of AD. METHODS ELISA was used to examine PICs and oxidative stress production; and western blotting to examine NADPH oxidase (NOXs). The Spatial working memory tests and Morris water maze were utilized to assess cognitive functions. RESULTS We observed amplification of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as 8-iso PGF2α and 8-OHdG in the hippocampus of AD rats. AMP attenuated upregulation of PICs and oxidative stress production. AMP also inhibited NOX4 in the AD rat hippocampus. Notably, AMP mostly improved learning performance in AD rat and this was linked to signal pathways of PIC and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION AMP plays a significant role in improving the memory deficiency in AD rats via inhibition of signal pathways of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting that AMP is likely to prospect in preventing and relieving development of the cognitive dysfunctions in AD as a complementary alternative intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yueyang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Center of Physical Examination, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiuting He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Lee CH, Ahn JH, Lee TK, Sim H, Lee JC, Park JH, Shin MC, Cho JH, Kim DW, Won MH, Choi SY. Comparison of Neuronal Death, Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage and Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Mild and Severe Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Gerbils. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2852-2866. [PMID: 34050880 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient ischemia in the brain causes blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and dysfunction, which is related to ischemia-induced neuronal damage. Leakage of plasma proteins following transient ischemia is one of the indicators that is used to determine the extent of BBB dysfunction. In this study, neuronal damage/death, leakage of albumin and IgG, microgliosis, and inflammatory cytokine expression were examined in the hippocampal CA1 region, which is vulnerable to transient ischemia, following 5-min (mild) and 15-min (severe) ischemia in gerbils induced by transient common carotid arteries occlusion (tCCAo). tCCAo-induced neuronal damage/death occurred earlier and was more severe after 15-min tCCAo vs. after 5-min tCCAo. Significant albumin and IgG leakage (albumin and IgG immunoreactivity) took 1 or 2 days to begin, and immunoreactivity was markedly increased 5 days after 5-min tCCAo. While, albumin and IgG leakage began to increase 6 h after 15-min tCCAo and remained significantly higher over time than that seen in 5-min tCCAo. IgG immunoreactivity was observed in degenerating neurons and activated microglia after tCCAo, and microglia were activated to a greater extent after 15-min tCCAo than 5-min tCCAo. In addition, following 15-min tCCAo, pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)] immunoreactivity was significantly higher than that seen following 5-min tCCAo, whereas immunoreactivity of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) was lower in 15-min than 5-min tCCAo. These results indicate that duration of tCCAo differentially affects the timing and degree of neuronal damage or loss, albumin and IgG leakage and inflammatory cytokine expression in brain tissue. In addition, more severe BBB leakage is closely related to acceleration of neuronal damage through increased microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50510, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Sim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Wang S, Ge F, Cai T, Qi S, Qi Z. [Dihydromyricetin inhibits proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells through regulating Akt/STAT3 signaling pathways and HMGB1 expression]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:87-92. [PMID: 33509758 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.01.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effects of dihydromyricetin on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells and explore the molecular mechanisms. METHODS BGC-823 cells in routine culture were treated with different concentrations of dihydromyricetin (0, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 μg/mL) for 24 h, and the changes in cell viability were detected using CCK-8 assay; colony forming assay and Transwell assay were performed to assess the changes in colonyforming and migration abilities of the cells, respectively. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the treated cells were determined using ELISA, and Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, HSP70 and HMGB1 and the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Stat3. RESULTS CCK-8 assay showed that dihydromyricetin treatment dose-dependently inhibited the viability of BGC-823 cells (P < 0.05). Treatment with dihydromyricetin obviously suppressed the proliferation and migration of BGC-823 cells, significantly reduced the expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and Ncadherin, enhanced E-cadherin expression, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and stat3, and downregulated HMGB1 expression in the cells. The results of ELISA demonstrated significantly lowered levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in dihydromyricetin-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Dihydromyricetin inhibits the proliferation and migration of BGC-823 cells through suppressing the activation of Akt/stat3 signaling pathways and HMGB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fei Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Tianyu Cai
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shimei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhilin Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Wang Z, Zhou W, Zheng G, Yang G. Inhibition of GPR17 with pranlukast protects against TNF-α-induced loss of type II collagen in ATDC5 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106870. [PMID: 32805694 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease affecting millions of elderly people worldwide. However, the mechanism of OA is complicated and remains poorly understood. Thus, a safe and effective therapeutic strategy has yet to be developed. G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) is an orphan receptor that is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). GPR17 has become a target for the treatment of inflammation in brain diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that GPR17 is expressed in ATDC5 cells and is increased in response to TNF-α exposure. We also found that antagonism of GPR17 with pranlukast significantly inhibited oxidative stress by downregulating the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD) against TNF-α. Interestingly, treatment with pranlukast prevented TNF-α-induced reduction of type II collagen. Additionally, knockdown of GPR17 with siRNA ameliorated TNF-α-induced loss of type II collagen, suggesting the importance of the role of GPR17 in mediating the impairment of type II collagen. Blockage of GPR17 with pranlukast suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 3 (MMP-3) and matrix metalloproteinases 13 (MMP-13), which contribute to the degradation of type II collagen. Pranlukast also prevented the activation of the JAK2/STAT1/IRF-1 signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Furthermore, pranlukast rescued TNF-α-induced reduced SOX-9 expression. Together, our data indicate that GPR17 might be a potential target for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfu Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Guangbin Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Guangyong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Taizhou 317000, China.
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Li X, Cao M, Ma W, Jia C, Li J, Zhang M, Liu C, Cao Z, Faruque MO, Hu X. Annotation of genes involved in high level of dihydromyricetin production in vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) by transcriptome analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:131. [PMID: 32228461 PMCID: PMC7106717 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaves of the medicinal plant Ampelopsis grossedentata, which is commonly known as vine tea, are used widely in the traditional Chinese beverage in southwest China. The leaves contain a large amount of dihydromyricetin, a compound with various biological activities. However, the transcript profiles involved in its biosynthetic pathway in this plant are unknown. RESULTS We conducted a transcriptome analysis of both young and old leaves of the vine tea plant using Illumina sequencing. Of the transcriptome datasets, a total of 52.47 million and 47.25 million clean reads were obtained from young and old leaves, respectively. Among 471,658 transcripts and 177,422 genes generated, 7768 differentially expressed genes were identified in leaves at these two stages of development. The phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway of vine tea was investigated according to the transcriptome profiling analysis. Most of the genes encoding phenylpropanoid biosynthesis enzymes were identified and found to be differentially expressed in different tissues and leaf stages of vine tea and also greatly contributed to the biosynthesis of dihydromyricetin in vine tea. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first formal study to explore the transcriptome of A. grossedentata. The study provides an insight into the expression patterns and differential distribution of genes related to dihydromyricetin biosynthesis in vine tea. The information may pave the way to metabolically engineering plants with higher flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei China
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation; Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Minhui Cao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Weibo Ma
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei China
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation; Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Caihua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jinghuan Li
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei China
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation; Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei China
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation; Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Changchun Liu
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei China
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation; Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Mohammad Omar Faruque
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei China
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation; Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xuebo Hu
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plant, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei China
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation; Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Lan XB, Wang Q, Yang JM, Ma L, Zhang WJ, Zheng P, Sun T, Niu JG, Liu N, Yu JQ. Neuroprotective effect of Vanillin on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109196. [PMID: 31310955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of death and perpetual neurological dysfunction in neonates. Vanillin (Van), a natural phenolic compound with neuroprotective properties, exerts neuroprotection on a gerbil model of global ischemia by inhibiting oxidative damage. This study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective roles of Van in neonatal rats suffering from hypoxic-ischemic (HI). An HI model of 7-day-old SD rats was induced by left carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to 8% oxygen (balanced with nitrogen) for 2.5 h at 37 °C. At 48 h after intraperitoneal injection with Van (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) or saline, neurobehavioral function, cerebral infract volume, brain water content, and histomorphological changes were performed to evaluate brain injury. Transmission electron microscopy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) staining were conducted to evaluate the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The levels of oxidative stress and tight junction proteins, as well as the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were also determined in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Results showed that Van post-treatment significantly ameliorated early neurobehavioral deficits, decreased infarct volume and brain edema, as well as attenuated histopathologic injury and IgG extravasation. Furthermore, Van markedly increased the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and decreased malondialdehyde content. Meanwhile, the activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 induced by HI was partially blocked by Van. Finally, Van obviously increased the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 compared with the HI group. Collectively, Van can provide neuroprotective effects against neonatal HIBD possibly by attenuating oxidative damage and preserving BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Mishra A, Mamidi AS, Rajmani RS, Ray A, Roy R, Surolia A. An allosteric inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ArgJ: Implications to a novel combinatorial therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708038. [PMID: 29483133 PMCID: PMC5887547 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing treatment regime against tuberculosis is not adequate, and novel therapeutic interventions are required to target Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogenesis. We report Pranlukast (PRK) as a novel allosteric inhibitor of Mtb's arginine biosynthetic enzyme, Ornithine acetyltransferase (MtArgJ). PRK treatment remarkably abates the survival of free as well as macrophage‐internalized Mtb, and shows enhanced efficacy in combination with standard‐of‐care drugs. Notably, PRK also reduces the 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) signaling in the infected macrophages, thereby surmounting an enhanced response against intracellular pathogen. Further, treatment with PRK alone or with rifampicin leads to significant decrease in Mtb burden and tubercular granulomas in Mtb‐infected mice lungs. Taken together, this study demonstrates a novel allosteric inhibitor of MtArgJ, which acts as a dual‐edged sword, by targeting the intracellular bacteria as well as the bacterial pro‐survival signaling in the host. PRK is highly effective against in vitro and in vivo survival of Mtb and being an FDA‐approved drug, it shows a potential for development of advanced combinatorial therapy against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Mishra
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashalatha S Mamidi
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, CIDR, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ananya Ray
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajanya Roy
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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13
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Peng T, Jiang Y, Farhan M, Lazarovici P, Chen L, Zheng W. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on Preclinical in vivo Models of Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion-Injury: Prospects for Neuroprotective Drug Discovery and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:204. [PMID: 30930774 PMCID: PMC6423897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired brain ischemia-and reperfusion-injury (IRI), including both Ischemic stroke (IS) and Traumatic Brain injury (TBI), is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults and represents a major burden in both western and developing countries worldwide. China’s clinical neurological therapeutic experience in the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), including TCM-derived active compounds, Chinese herbs, TCM formulations and decoction, in brain IRI diseases indicated a trend of significant improvement in patients’ neurological deficits, calling for blind, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trials with careful meta-analysis evaluation. There are many TCMs in use for brain IRI therapy in China with significant therapeutic effects in preclinical studies using different brain IRI-animal. The basic hypothesis in this field claims that in order to avoid the toxicity and side effects of the complex TCM formulas, individual isolated and identified compounds that exhibited neuroprotective properties could be used as lead compounds for the development of novel drugs. China’s efforts in promoting TCMs have contributed to an explosive growth of the preclinical research dedicated to the isolation and identification of TCM-derived neuroprotective lead compounds. Tanshinone, is a typical example of TCM-derived lead compounds conferring neuroprotection toward IRI in animals with brain middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or TBI models. Recent reports show the significance of the inflammatory response accompanying brain IRI. This response appears to contribute to both primary and secondary ischemic pathology, and therefore anti-inflammatory strategies have become popular by targeting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, other inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and several transcriptional factors. Here, we review recent selected studies and discuss further considerations for critical reevaluation of the neuroprotection hypothesis of TCMs in IRI therapy. Moreover, we will emphasize several TCM’s mechanisms of action and attempt to address the most promising compounds and the obstacles to be overcome before they will enter the clinic for IRI therapy. We hope that this review will further help in investigations of neuroprotective effects of novel molecular entities isolated from Chinese herbal medicines and will stimulate performance of clinical trials of Chinese herbal medicine-derived drugs in IRI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangming Peng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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14
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Dalcin AJF, Vizzotto BS, Bochi GV, Guarda NS, Nascimento K, Sagrillo MR, Moresco RN, Schuch AP, Ourique AF, Gomes P. Nanoencapsulation of the flavonoid dihydromyricetin protects against the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by cationic nanocapsules. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:798-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Hong DK, Kho AR, Choi BY, Lee SH, Jeong JH, Lee SH, Park KH, Park JB, Suh SW. Combined Treatment With Dichloroacetic Acid and Pyruvate Reduces Hippocampal Neuronal Death After Transient Cerebral Ischemia. Front Neurol 2018; 9:137. [PMID: 29593636 PMCID: PMC5857568 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient cerebral ischemia (TCI) occurs when blood flow to the brain is ceased or dramatically reduced. TCI causes energy depletion and oxidative stress, which leads to neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) acts as an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). Additionally, DCA is known to increase mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and promotes glucose oxidation during glycolysis, thus enhancing pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. In this study, we investigated whether the inhibition of PDK activity by DCA, which increases the rate of pyruvate conversion to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), prevents ischemia-induced neuronal death. We used a rat model of TCI, which was induced by common carotid artery occlusion and hypovolemia for 7 min while monitoring the electroencephalography for sustained isoelectric potential. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of DCA (100 mg/kg) with pyruvate (50 mg/kg) once per day for 2 days after insult. The vehicle, DCA only or pyruvate on rats was injected on the same schedule. Our study demonstrated that the combined administration of DCA with pyruvate significantly decreased neuronal death, oxidative stress, microglia activation when compared with DCA, or pyruvate injection alone. These findings suggest that the administration of DCA with pyruvate may enhance essential metabolic processes, which in turn promotes the regenerative capacity of the post-ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Ki Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - A Ra Kho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Hwon Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ha Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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16
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Chen C, Li T, Zhao Y, Qian Y, Li X, Dai X, Huang D, Pan T, Zhou L. Platelet glycoprotein receptor Ib blockade ameliorates experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by strengthening the blood-brain barrier function and anti-thrombo-inflammatory property. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:255-263. [PMID: 29195783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, thrombus formation and immune-mediated inflammation are important steps in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury but are still inaccessible to therapeutic interventions. Recent studies have provided increasing evidence that blocking of platelet glycoprotein (GP) receptor Ib might represent a novel target in treating acute ischemic stroke. This research was conducted to explore the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms of GPIbα inhibitor (anfibatide) in a model of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Male mice underwent 90 min of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Anfibatide (1, 2, 4 ug/kg) or tirofiban were administered intravenously 1 h after reperfusion. The results showed that anfibatide could significantly reduce infarct volumes, increase the number of intact neuronal cells and improve neurobehavioral function. Moreover, anfibatide could reduce post ischemic BBB damage by attenuating increased paracellular permeability in the ischemia hemisphere significantly. Stroke-induced increases in activity and protein expression of macrophage-1 antigen (MAC-1) and P-selectin were also reduced by anfibatide intervention. Finally, anfibatide exerted antithrombotic effects upon stroke by decreased the number of microthrombi formation. This is the first demonstration of anfibatide's efficacy in protecting the BBB integrity and decreasing neutrophil inflammation response mediated by MAC-1 besides microthrombus formation inhibition in the brain during reperfusion. Anfibatide, as a promising anti-thrombo-inflammation agent, could be beneficial for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Tianzhong Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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17
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Ting HC, Chang CY, Lu KY, Chuang HM, Tsai SF, Huang MH, Liu CA, Lin SZ, Harn HJ. Targeting Cellular Stress Mechanisms and Metabolic Homeostasis by Chinese Herbal Drugs for Neuroprotection. Molecules 2018; 23:E259. [PMID: 29382106 PMCID: PMC6017457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced for centuries in East Asia. Herbs are used to maintain health and cure disease. Certain Chinese herbs are known to protect and improve the brain, memory, and nervous system. To apply ancient knowledge to modern science, some major natural therapeutic compounds in herbs were extracted and evaluated in recent decades. Emerging studies have shown that herbal compounds have neuroprotective effects or can ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases. To understand the mechanisms of herbal compounds that protect against neurodegenerative diseases, we summarize studies that discovered neuroprotection by herbal compounds and compound-related mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease models. Those compounds discussed herein show neuroprotection through different mechanisms, such as cytokine regulation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, glucose metabolism, and synaptic function. The interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α signaling pathways are inhibited by some compounds, thus attenuating the inflammatory response and protecting neurons from cell death. As to autophagy regulation, herbal compounds show opposite regulatory effects in different neurodegenerative models. Herbal compounds that inhibit ER stress prevent neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, there are compounds that protect against neuronal death by affecting glucose metabolism and synaptic function. Since the progression of neurodegenerative diseases is complicated, and compound-related mechanisms for neuroprotection differ, therapeutic strategies may need to involve multiple compounds and consider the type and stage of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chien Ting
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lu
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Meng Chuang
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Mao-Hsuan Huang
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Ann Liu
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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18
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Wei G, Chen B, Lin Q, Li Y, Luo L, He H, Fu H. Tetrahydrocurcumin Provides Neuroprotection in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway as a Potential Mechanism. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017; 24:348-355. [PMID: 29669346 DOI: 10.1159/000487998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been demonstrated, as demonstrated by the inhibition of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are still not well understood. This study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of THC, and its potential mechanisms, in a rat model of TBI. To this end, rats were divided into 4 groups: the sham group, the TBI group, the TBI + vehicle (V) group, and the TBI + THC group. THC or V was administered via intraperitoneal injection to rats in the TBI + V and TBI + THC groups 30 min after TBI. After euthanasia (24 h after TBI), neurological scores, brain water content, and neuronal cell death in the cerebral cortex were recorded. Brain samples were collected after neurological scoring for further analysis. THC treatment alleviated brain edema, attenuated TBI-induced neuronal cell apoptosis, and improved neurobehavioral function. In addition, NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression was upregulated following TBI. These results suggest that THC improves neurological outcome after TBI, possibly by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wei
- Emergency Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Bingji Chen
- Emergency Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qingjiang Lin
- Emergency Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yasong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Liangqin Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Huangde Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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