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Khan MUA, Akhtar T, Naseem N, Aftab U, Hussain S, Shahzad M. Evaluation of therapeutic potential of ivermectin against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: Involvement of inflammatory mediators. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:971-982. [PMID: 37085956 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease with genetic manifestations. According to recently published case reports, patients taking corticosteroid medication for the management of rheumatoid arthritis develop strongloidiasis and are at high risk of developing associated infections. This study explored the antiarthritic role of ivermectin, a drug used in the treatment of strongyloides and to compare its results with dexamethasone. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, diseased, dexamethasone, and ivermectin groups. Rheumatoid arthritis in all rats except the control group was induced by using complete Freund's adjuvant. After 7 days of rheumatoid arthritis induction, animals were treated with dexamethasone 5 mg/kg and ivermectin 6 mg/kg. Body weight, visual arthritic score, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, proinflammatory genes, and histopathological findings were used to assess the effects of ivermectin on rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment with ivermectin showed a significant reduction in inflammatory cells levels, body weight, and visual arthritic score, indicating an improvement in the degree of inflammation as compared with the diseased group. Treatment with ivermectin and dexamethasone significantly reduced the augmentation in the mRNA expression levels of IL-17, TLR-2, TNF, and NF-κB as a result of arthritic development. Ivermectin treatment also showed a significant reduction in the severity of inflammation and destruction of joints and showed comparable effects to dexamethasone, a corticosteroid used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Ivermectin has significant antiarthritic properties and can be a novel treatment agent for the management of rheumatoid arthritis patients suffering from strongyloidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Naseem
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Aftab
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Hussain
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Martonik D, Parfieniuk-Kowerda A, Starosz A, Grubczak K, Moniuszko M, Flisiak R. Effect of antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment on a cytokine profile in patients with COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222170. [PMID: 37483627 PMCID: PMC10358833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The severity of COVID-19 is associated with an elevated level of a variety of inflammatory mediators. Increasing evidence suggests that the Th17 response contributes to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, whereas Th22 response plays a regulatory role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two main types of available COVID-19 treatments are antivirals and immunomodulatory drugs; however, their effect on a cytokine profile is yet to be determined. Methods This study aim to analyse a cytokine profile in peripheral blood from patients with COVID-19 (n=44) undergoing antiviral or/and immunomodulatory treatment and healthy controls (n=20). Circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their intracellular expression of IL-17A and IL-22 were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Initial results showed an overexpression of IL-17F, IL-17A, CCL5/RANTES, GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-10, CXCL-10/IP-10 and IL-6 in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Treatment with remdesivir resulted in a significant decline in concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-alpha and CXCL10/IP-10. Immunomodulatory treatment contributed to a significant downregulation of IL-10, IFN-alpha, CXCL10/IP-10 and B7-H3 as well as upregulation of IL-22 and IL-1 beta. A combination of an antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment resulted in a significant decrease in IL-17F, IL-10, IFN-alpha, CXCL10/IP-10 and B7-H3 levels as well as an increase in IL-17A and IL-1 beta. We found significantly higher percentage of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IL-17A and CD4+ T cells producing IL-22 in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion Administration of antiviral or/and immunomodulatory treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and an upregulation of T cell absolute counts in most cases, thus showing effectiveness of treatment in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced cytokine overexpression in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 as well as lymphopenia, particularly a decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts. Moreover, despite the reduced counts of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, both subsets showed overactivation and increased expression of IL-17A and IL-22, thus targeting Th17 response might alleviate inflammatory response in severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martonik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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相 虹, 吴 泽, 陈 海, 朱 海, 常 明. [Levels of neutrophil extracellular traps in neonates with acute respiratory distress syndrome]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:357-361. [PMID: 37073839 PMCID: PMC10120336 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2210150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the changes in cell free-DNA (cf-DNA), a marker of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in neonates with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and to evaluate its relationship with the severity and early diagnosis of ARDS. METHODS The neonates diagnosed with ARDS in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from January 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled in the prospective study. The neonates were divided into mild, moderate, and severe ARDS groups based on the oxygen index (OI) (4≤OI<8, 8≤OI<16, and OI≥16, respectively). The control group was selected from jaundice neonates who were observed in the neonatal department of the hospital during the same period, and they had no pathological factors causing neonatal jaundice. Peripheral blood samples were collected on day 1, day 3, and day 7 after admission for the ARDS group, and on the day of admission for the control group. Serum cf-DNA levels were measured using a fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of serum cf-DNA levels with serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels. RESULTS A total of 50 neonates were enrolled in the ARDS group, including 15 neonates with mild ARDS, 25 with moderate ARDS, and 10 with severe ARDS. Twenty-five neonates were enrolled in the control group. Compared with the control group, the serum levels of cf-DNA, IL-6, and TNF-α in all ARDS groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the mild ARDS group, the serum levels of cf-DNA, IL-6, and TNF-α in the moderate and severe ARDS groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the increase was more significant in the severe ARDS group (P<0.05). The serum levels of cf-DNA, IL-6, and TNF-α in all ARDS groups were significantly increased on day 3 after admission and significantly decreased on day 7 after admission compared with those on day 1 after admission (P<0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between serum cf-DNA levels and IL-6 levels as well as TNF-α levels in 50 neonates with ARDS (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is an excessive expression of NETs in neonates with ARDS, and dynamic monitoring of serum cf-DNA levels has certain clinical value in evaluating the severity and early diagnosis of ARDS in neonates.
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Kosutova P, Mikolka P, Mokra D, Calkovska A. Anti-inflammatory activity of non-selective PDE inhibitor aminophylline on the lung tissue and respiratory parameters in animal model of ARDS. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36927675 PMCID: PMC10018984 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common complication of critical illness characterized by lung inflammation, epithelial and endothelial dysfunction, alveolar-capillary leakage, and worsening respiratory failure. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor aminophylline. New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: animals with respiratory failure defined as PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F) below < 26.7 kPa, and induced by saline lung lavage (ARDS), animals with ARDS treated with intravenous aminophylline (1 mg/kg; ARDS/AMINO), and healthy ventilated controls (Control). All animals were oxygen ventilated for an additional 4 h and respiratory parameters were recorded regularly. Post mortem, the lung tissue was evaluated for oedema formation, markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor, TNFα, interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, -8, -10, -13, -18), markers of epithelial damage (receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE) and endothelial injury (sphingosine 1-phosphate, S1P), oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS, 3-nitrotyrosine, 3NT, total antioxidant capacity, TAC). Aminophylline therapy decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, markers of epithelial and endothelial injury, oxidative modifications in lung tissue, reduced lung oedema, and improved lung function parameters compared to untreated ARDS animals. In conclusion, non-selective PDE inhibitor aminophylline showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity suggesting a potential of this drug to be a valuable component of ARDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kosutova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia. .,Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Pavol Mikolka
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Mokra
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia
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5
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Hafez SMNA, Saber EA, Aziz NM, Kamel MY, Aly AA, Abdelhafez ESMN, Ibrahim MFG. Potential protective effect of 3,3'-methylenebis(1-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one) against bleomycin-induced lung injury in male albino rat via modulation of Nrf2 pathway: biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:771-788. [PMID: 36480028 PMCID: PMC9734634 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a serious condition accounting for the majority of acute respiratory failure. Bleomycin (BLM) is an antibiotic that was first described as a chemotherapeutic agent. 3,3'-methylenebis(1-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one) was reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative properties. The current work aimed to assess the possible protective effects and the mechanism of protection of 3,3'-methylenebis-(1-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one) on BLM-induced lung injury in addition to the effect and underlying mechanisms of nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor 2 pathway against this injury. Rats were equally divided into four groups: control group, BLM group, 1-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one-treated group, and BLM with 1-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one-treated group. At the end of the work, the blood samples were proceeded for biochemical study. Lung specimens were obtained for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. The results exhibited a significant increase in both malondialdehyde and tumor necrotic factor-α with a significant decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, IL 10, surfactant protein A, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in BLM group. The lung histological results showed various morphological changes in the form of disturbed architecture, inflammatory cell infiltration, and intraluminal debris. This group also displayed a significant increase in the mean surface area fraction of anti-cleaved caspase 3, while group IV exhibited amelioration in the previously mentioned parameters and histological alternations that were induced by BLM. It could be concluded that 3,3'-methylenebis(1-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one) has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic protective effects against BLM-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61111 Egypt
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61111 Egypt ,Delegated to Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia Egypt
| | - Neven Makram Aziz
- Delegated to Deraya University, New Minia City, Minia Egypt ,grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Maha Yehia Kamel
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Aly
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - El-Shimaa M. N. Abdelhafez
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Manar Fouli Gaber Ibrahim
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61111 Egypt
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Tang H, Yang M, Liu Y, Liu H, Sun L, Song P. The CXCL1-CXCR2 Axis Mediates Tubular Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Through the Regulation of the Inflammatory Response. Front Physiol 2022; 12:782677. [PMID: 34975537 PMCID: PMC8716832 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.782677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. Inflammation mediated by inflammatory factors is thought to accelerate the progression of renal damage in DN. However, which inflammatory factors mediate the inflammatory response in DN remains unclear. In this study, we determined that the CXCL1-mediated inflammatory response may play an essential role in DN progression through bioassays. Subsequently, we observed that the expression of CXCL1 and its receptor (CXCR2) was significantly increased in the kidneys of mice with HFD + STZ induced diabetes and DN patients. In addition, inhibition of the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis by repertaxin alleviates renal inflammation and pathological damage in the kidneys of db/db mice. Finally, we noted that the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis might lead to inflammatory damage through phosphorylated NF-κB and further activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results revealed the role of the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis in DN progression for the first time, which may be a novel therapeutic target for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfen Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Nutrition, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Panai Song
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Xiang X, Jiang Q, Shao W, Li J, Zhou Y, Chen L, Deng S, Zheng B, Chen Y. Protective Effects of Shrimp Peptide on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:773064. [PMID: 34901119 PMCID: PMC8652227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.773064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, an intestinal relapsing inflammatory disease, not only impairs gastrointestinal function but also increases the chances of developing colon cancer. Currently, the effects of shrimp peptide (SP) in mice model of ulcerative colitis (UC) are still unclear. In particular, it is uncertain whether SP affects the gut flora with UC mice. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of SP on a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of UC. Firstly, the molecular weight of SP was mainly distributed in the range of 180-1,000 Da (61.95% proportion), and the amino acid composition showed that SP contained 17 amino acids, of which, the essential amino acids accounted for 54.50%. In vivo, oral SP significantly attenuated the severity of colitis, such as diarrhea, weight loss, and rectal bleeding. Furthermore, treatment with SP remarkably ameliorated intestinal barrier integrity, thus lowering the levels of the inflammatory cytokines and ameliorating antioxidant indices and intestinal injury indicators in the serum and colon. Lastly, the cecal contents were used to sequence and analyze the 16S rRNA genes of bacteria. Results suggested that treatment with SP could restore the balance of intestinal flora in modeled mice by regulating the abundance of pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. Furthermore, SP could significantly improve intestinal flora dysfunction in mice with UC. In summary, our findings show that SP has a prophylactic and therapeutic effect in UC in vivo, thereby highlighting its broad medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan Shao
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Zhou
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanggui Deng
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
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Liao CC, Yu HP, Yang SC, Alalaiwe A, Dai YS, Liu FC, Fang JY. Multifunctional lipid-based nanocarriers with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities for treating MRSA bacteremia in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:48. [PMID: 33588861 PMCID: PMC7885212 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteremia-induced sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units. To control a bacterial infection, an immune response is required, but this response might contribute to organ failure. Kidneys are one of the main organs affected by bacteremia. Combination therapies with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects may be beneficial in treating bacteremia. This study aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with ciprofloxacin and rolipram that exert a combination of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-inflammatory effects. Retinol was incorporated into the nanoparticles to transport retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) to the kidneys, which abundantly express RBP receptors. The NLCs were fabricated by high-shear homogenization and sonication, and neutrophils were used as a model to assess their anti-inflammatory effects. Mice were injected with MRSA to establish a model of bacteremia with organ injury. Results The mean nanoparticle size and zeta potential of the NLCs were 171 nm and − 39 mV, respectively. Ciprofloxacin (0.05%, w/v) and rolipram (0.02%) achieved encapsulation percentages of 88% and 96%, respectively, in the nanosystems. The minimum bactericidal concentration of free ciprofloxacin against MRSA increased from 1.95 to 15.63 µg/ml when combined with rolipram, indicating a possible drug-drug interaction that reduced the antibacterial effect. Nanoparticle inclusion promoted the anti-MRSA activity of ciprofloxacin according to time-kill curves. The NLCs were found to be largely internalized into neutrophils and exhibited superior superoxide anion inhibition than free drugs. Retinol incorporation into the nanocarriers facilitated their efficient targeting to the kidneys. The NLCs significantly mitigated MRSA burden and elastase distribution in the organs of MRSA-infected animals, and the greatest inhibition was observed in the kidneys. Bacterial clearance and neutrophil infiltration suppression attenuated the bacteremia-induced cytokine overexpression, leading to an improvement in the survival rate from 22% to 67%. Conclusions The dual role of our NLCs endowed them with greater efficacy in treating MRSA bacteremia than that of free drugs. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - You-Shan Dai
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuxing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Tang S, Jiang J, Zhang N, Sun J, Sun G. Tumor necrosis factor-α requires Ezrin to regulate the cytoskeleton and cause pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier damage. Microvasc Res 2021; 133:104093. [PMID: 33007316 PMCID: PMC7525657 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rapidly progressive disease with unknown pathogenesis. Damage of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) caused by inflammatory storm caused by cytokines such as TNF-α is the potential pathogenesis of ARDS. In this study, we examined the role of ezrin and Rac1 in TNF-α-related pathways, which regulates the permeability of PMVECs. Primary rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMVECs) were isolated and cultured. RPMVECs were treated with rat TNF-α (0, 1, 10, 100 ng/ml), and the cell activity of each group was measured using a CCK8 kit. The integrity of endothelial barrier was measured by transendothelial resistance (TEER) and FITC-BSA flux across RPMVECs membranes. Pulldown assay and Western blot was used to detect the activity of RAS-associated C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and Ezrin phosphorylation. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting ezrin and Rac1 was utilized to evaluate the effect of RPMVECs permeability and related pathway. The effects of ezrin and Rac1 on cytoskeleton were confirmed by immunofluorescence. Our results revealed that active Rac1 was essential for protecting the RPMVEC barrier stimulated by TNF-α, while active ezrin could partially destroy the PMVEC barrier by reducing Rac1 activity and regulating the subcellular structure of the cytoskeleton. These findings may be used to create new therapeutic strategies for targeting Rac1 in the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, PR China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, PR China
| | - Gengyun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, PR China.
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Vassiliou AG, Kotanidou A, Dimopoulou I, Orfanos SE. Endothelial Damage in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228793. [PMID: 33233715 PMCID: PMC7699909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary endothelium is a metabolically active continuous monolayer of squamous endothelial cells that internally lines blood vessels and mediates key processes involved in lung homoeostasis. Many of these processes are disrupted in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is marked among others by diffuse endothelial injury, intense activation of the coagulation system and increased capillary permeability. Most commonly occurring in the setting of sepsis, ARDS is a devastating illness, associated with increased morbidity and mortality and no effective pharmacological treatment. Endothelial cell damage has an important role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and several biomarkers of endothelial damage have been tested in determining prognosis. By further understanding the endothelial pathobiology, development of endothelial-specific therapeutics might arise. In this review, we will discuss the underlying pathology of endothelial dysfunction leading to ARDS and emerging therapies. Furthermore, we will present a brief overview demonstrating that endotheliopathy is an important feature of hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G. Vassiliou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.G.V.); (A.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.G.V.); (A.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.G.V.); (A.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Stylianos E. Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.G.V.); (A.K.); (I.D.)
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +30-2107-235-521
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Pollard CA, Morran MP, Nestor-Kalinoski AL. The COVID-19 pandemic: a global health crisis. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:549-557. [PMID: 32991251 PMCID: PMC7686876 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00089.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative agent for a series of atypical respiratory diseases in the Hubei Province of Wuhan, China in December of 2019. The disease SARS-CoV-2, termed COVID-19, was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 contains a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome surrounded by an extracellular membrane containing a series of spike glycoproteins resembling a crown. COVID-19 infection results in diverse symptoms and morbidity depending on individual genetics, ethnicity, age, and geographic location. In severe cases, COVID-19 pathophysiology includes destruction of lung epithelial cells, thrombosis, hypercoagulation, and vascular leak leading to sepsis. These events lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis in patients. COVID-19 risk factors include cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which are highly prevalent in the United States. This population has upregulation of the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which is exploited by COVID-19 as the route of entry and infection. Viral envelope proteins bind to and degrade ACE2 receptors, thus preventing normal ACE2 function. COVID-19 infection causes imbalances in ACE2 and induces an inflammatory immune response, known as a cytokine storm, both of which amplify comorbidities within the host. Herein, we discuss the genetics, pathogenesis, and possible therapeutics of COVID-19 infection along with secondary complications associated with disease progression, including ARDS and pulmonary fibrosis. Understanding the mechanisms of COVID-19 infection will allow the development of vaccines or other novel therapeutic approaches to prevent transmission or reduce the severity of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A Pollard
- Department of Surgery, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Michael P Morran
- Department of Surgery, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- The University of Toledo Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Andrea L Nestor-Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- The University of Toledo Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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Li N, Geng C, Hou S, Fan H, Gong Y. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Their Signaling Pathways in Primary Blast Lung Injury: New Research Progress and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176303. [PMID: 32878118 PMCID: PMC7504526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary blast lung injury (PBLI) is a common cause of casualties in wars, terrorist attacks, and explosions. It can exist in the absence of any other outward signs of trauma, and further develop into acute lung injury (ALI) or a more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathogenesis of PBLI at the cellular and molecular level has not been clear. Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) is a general term for endogenous danger signals released by the body after injury, including intracellular protein molecules (HMGB1, histones, s100s, heat shock proteins, eCIRP, etc.), secretory protein factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, VEGF, complements, etc.), purines and pyrimidines and their derived degradation products (nucleic acids, ATP, ADP, UDPG, uric acid, etc.), and extracellular matrix components (hyaluronic acid, fibronectin, heparin sulfate, biglycan, etc.). DAMPs can be detected by multiple receptors including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The study of DAMPs and their related signaling pathways, such as the mtDNA-triggered cGAS-YAP pathway, contributes to revealing the molecular mechanism of PBLI, and provides new therapeutic targets for controlling inflammatory diseases and alleviating their symptoms. In this review, we focus on the recent progress of research on DAMPs and their signaling pathways, as well as the potential therapeutic targets and future research directions in PBLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (N.L.); (C.G.); (S.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chenhao Geng
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (N.L.); (C.G.); (S.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (N.L.); (C.G.); (S.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (N.L.); (C.G.); (S.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yanhua Gong
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (N.L.); (C.G.); (S.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (Y.G.)
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Mikolka P, Kosutova P, Kolomaznik M, Topercerova J, Kopincova J, Calkovska A, Mokra D. Effect of different dosages of dexamethasone therapy on lung function and inflammation in an early phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome model. Physiol Res 2020; 68:S253-S263. [PMID: 31928043 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can damage the alveolar epithelium and surfactant and worsen the respiratory failure. Glucocorticoids (GC) appear to be a rational therapeutic approach, but the effect is still unclear, especially for early administration and low-dose. In this study we compared two low doses of dexamethasone in early phase of surfactant-depleted model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the study, lung-lavaged New Zealand rabbits with respiratory failure (PaO(2)<26.7 kPa in FiO(2) 1.0) were treated with intravenous dexamethasone (DEX): 0.5 mg/kg (DEX-0.5) and 1.0 mg/kg (DEX-1.0), or were untreated (ARDS). Animals without ARDS served as controls. Respiratory parameters, lung edema, leukocyte shifts, markers of inflammation and oxidative damage in the plasma and lung were evaluated. Both doses of DEX improved the lung function vs. untreated animals. DEX-1.0 had faster onset with significant improvement in gas exchange and ventilation efficiency vs. DEX-0.5. DEX-1.0 showed a trend to reduce lung neutrophils, local oxidative damage, and levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-8 more effectively than DEX-0.5 vs. ARDS group. Both dosages of dexamethasone significantly improved the lung function and suppressed inflammation in early phase ARDS, while some additional enhancement was observed for higher dose (1 mg/kg) of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mikolka
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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Oleic acid-based nanosystems for mitigating acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice through neutrophil suppression: how the particulate size affects therapeutic efficiency. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:25. [PMID: 32005196 PMCID: PMC6995149 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-0583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oleic acid (OA) is reported to show anti-inflammatory activity toward activated neutrophils. It is also an important material in nanoparticles for increased stability and cellular internalization. We aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of injectable OA-based nanoparticles for treating lung injury. Different sizes of nanocarriers were prepared to explore the effect of nanoparticulate size on inflammation inhibition. Results The nanoparticles were fabricated with the mean diameters of 105, 153, and 225 nm. The nanocarriers were ingested by isolated human neutrophils during a 5-min period, with the smaller sizes exhibiting greater uptake. The size reduction led to the decrease of cell viability and the intracellular calcium level. The OA-loaded nanosystems dose-dependently suppressed the superoxide anion and elastase produced by the stimulated neutrophils. The inhibition level was comparable for the nanoparticles of different sizes. In the ex vivo biodistribution study, the pulmonary accumulation of nanoparticles increased following the increase of particle size. The nanocarriers were mainly excreted by the liver and bile clearance. Mice were exposed to intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), like lung damage. The lipid-based nanocarriers mitigated myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cytokines more effectively as compared to OA solution. The larger nanoparticles displayed greater reduction on MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6 than the smaller ones. The histology confirmed the decreased pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and lung-architecture damage after intravenous administration of larger nanoparticles. Conclusions Nanoparticulate size, an essential property governing the anti-inflammatory effect and lung-injury therapy, had different effects on activated neutrophil inhibition and in vivo therapeutic efficacy.
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Jin H, Yang X, Zhao K, Zhao L, Chen C, Yu J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors protectagainst the acute lung injuries resulting from acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900609. [PMID: 31433000 PMCID: PMC6705337 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190060000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The research is intended for clarification of the efficacy as well as the underlying mechanism of GSK-3β inhibitors on the advancement of acute lung injuries in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) in rats. METHODS Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: (1)ANP-vehicle; (2)ANP-TDZD-8;(3)ANP-SB216763;(4)Sham-vehicle;(5)Sham-TDZD-8;(6)Sham-SB216763; Blood biochemical test, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis of rats pancreas and lung tissues were performed. The protein expression of GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9), iNOS, ICAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 were detected in lung tissues by Western-blot. RESULTS The outcomes revealed that the intervention of GSK-3β inhibitors alleviated the pathological damage of pancreas and lung (P<0.01), reduced serum amylase, lipase, hydrothorax and lung Wet-to-Dry Ratio, attenuated serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0.01), inhibited the activation of NF-κB, and abated expression of iNOS, ICAM-1 and TNF-α protein, but up-regulated IL-10 expression in lung of ANP rats (P<0.01). The inflammatory response and various indicators in ANP-TDZD-8 groups were lower than those in ANP-SB216763 groups. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of GSK-3β weakens acute lung injury related to ANP via the inhibitory function of NF-κB signaling pathway. Different kinds of GSK-3β inhibitors have different effects to ANP acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhong Jin
- PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Acquisiton and analysis of data, manuscript writing
| | - Xiaojia Yang
- PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Acquisiton and analysis of data, manuscript writing
| | - Kailiang Zhao
- MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Conception and design of the study, supervised all phases of the study, final approval
| | - Liang Zhao
- MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Statistical analysis, manuscript preparation
| | - Chen Chen
- MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Statistical analysis, manuscript preparation
| | - Jia Yu
- MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Technical procedures, histopathological examinations
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