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Liu B, Luo L, Yu B, Que T, Zhang Y. EGCG inhibits migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal cell carcinoma by activating TFEB-mediated autophagy. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 403:111250. [PMID: 39313106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is already in the top ten of all types of cancers, with more than 4 %. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic compound extracted from green tea, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of various tumors. However, limited studies have demonstrated the effect of EGCG on RCC and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS After exposure to gradient concentration (0,5,10,20,40,60,80,100 μM) of EGCG, the cell viability of RCC cells was determined by MTT assay. The migration and invasion abilities of RCC cells were investigated by wound healing and transwell assays. The expression levels of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy were explored by Western blotting assays. The formation of autophagosome was detected by electron microscope and LC3 puncta assays. Nude mouse xenograft model was used as the model system in vivo. RESULTS In the present study, EGCG significantly inhibited the migration, invasion and EMT of RCC cells in a concentrated manner. Further exploration of its mechanism indicated that autophagy is involved in EGCG-mediated metastasis inhibition and EMT inhibition of RCC cells. In addition, EGCG could significantly up-regulate the transcription factor EB (TFEB) and promotes its nuclear localization. The incorporation of TFEB into the nucleus enhanced the transcriptional levels of molecules associated with autophagy. TFEB knockdown inhibited EGCG-mediated autophagy activation, metastasis and EMT inhibition in RCC cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings demonstrate for the first time that EGCG inhibits migration, invasion, and EMT of RCC by activating TFEB-mediated autophagy. Therefore, the combination of EGCG and TFFB activators or EMT inhibitors is expected to be a promising therapeutic strategy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bixin Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Taotao Que
- Department of Urinary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Ito H, Shoji Y, Matsumoto KI, Fukuhara K, Nakanishi I. A Mechanism for Apoptotic Effects of a Planar Catechin Analog on Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:4467. [PMID: 39339462 PMCID: PMC11433776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Catechin is one of the representative antioxidants that shows physiological activities such as an anti-cancer effect. We have developed a chemically modified catechin analog possessing a planar structure, which shows an enhanced radical-scavenging activity as well as inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, compared to the parent (+)-catechin. In this study, the mechanism for cancer cell inhibition by the planar catechin was partly elucidated using a gastric cancer cell line. The planar catechin treatment induced an enhanced expression of an apoptotic marker, cleaved caspase-3, in addition to the mitigation of the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB expression. Furthermore, γH2AX, a marker of double-strand breaks in DNA, was also induced by the planar catechin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the removal of ROS by the planar catechin with a higher antioxidant ability executed NF-κB suppression and/or the planar catechin-injured DNA, leading to the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Ito
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Quantum Life Spin Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Quantum Life Spin Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fukuhara
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Quantum Life Spin Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Division of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Quantum Life Spin Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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3
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Jenča A, Mills DK, Ghasemi H, Saberian E, Jenča A, Karimi Forood AM, Petrášová A, Jenčová J, Jabbari Velisdeh Z, Zare-Zardini H, Ebrahimifar M. Herbal Therapies for Cancer Treatment: A Review of Phytotherapeutic Efficacy. Biologics 2024; 18:229-255. [PMID: 39281032 PMCID: PMC11401522 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s484068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Natural products have proven to be promising anti-cancer agents due to their diverse chemical structures and bioactivity. This review examines their central role in cancer treatment, focusing on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic benefits. Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and polyphenols, which exhibit various anticancer properties. These compounds induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, interfere with microtubule formation, act on topoisomerase targets, inhibit angiogenesis, modulate key signaling pathways, improve the tumor microenvironment, reverse drug resistance and activate immune cells. Herbal anti-cancer drugs offer therapeutic advantages, particularly selective toxicity against cancer cells, reducing the adverse side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy. Recent studies and clinical trials highlight the benefits of herbal medicines in alleviating side effects, improving tolerance to chemotherapy and the occurrence of synergistic effects with conventional treatments. For example, the herbal medicine SH003 was found to be safe and potentially effective in the treatment of solid cancers, while Fucoidan showed anti-inflammatory properties that are beneficial for patients with advanced cancer. The current research landscape on herbal anticancer agents is extensive. Numerous studies and clinical trials are investigating their efficacy, safety and mechanisms of action in various cancers such as lung, prostate, breast and hepatocellular carcinoma. Promising developments include the polypharmacological approach, combination therapies, immunomodulation and the improvement of quality of life. However, there are still challenges in the development and use of natural products as anti-cancer drugs, such as the need for further research into their mechanisms of action, possible drug interactions and optimal dosage. Standardizing herbal extracts, improving bioavailability and delivery, and overcoming regulatory and acceptance hurdles are critical issues that need to be addressed. Nonetheless, the promising anticancer effects and therapeutic benefits of natural products warrant further investigation and development. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to advance herbal cancer therapy and integrate these agents into mainstream cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Jenča
- Klinika of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Akadémia Košice Bacikova, UPJS LF, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - David K Mills
- Molecular Science and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA
| | - Hadis Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Elham Saberian
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Klinika and Akadémia Košice Bacikova, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Jenča
- Klinika of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Akadémia Košice Bacikova, UPJS LF, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | - Adriána Petrášová
- Klinika of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Akadémia Košice Bacikova, UPJS LF, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Janka Jenčová
- Klinika of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Akadémia Košice Bacikova, UPJS LF, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zeinab Jabbari Velisdeh
- Molecular Science and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA
| | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran
| | - Meysam Ebrahimifar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza
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Zhang Q, Fei X, Li Y, Zhang H, Chen L, Ruan J, Dong N. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates fluoride induced apoptosis via PI3K/FoxO1 pathway in ameloblast-like cells. Toxicon 2024; 247:107857. [PMID: 38996976 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride is a double-edged sword. It was widely used for early caries prevention while excessive intake caused a toxicology effect, affected enamel development, and resulted in dental fluorosis. The study aimed to evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the apoptosis induced by fluoride in ameloblast-like cells. We observed that NaF triggered apoptotic alterations in cell morphology, excessive NaF arrested cell cycle at the G1, and induced apoptosis by up-regulating Bax and down-regulating Bcl-2. NaF activated the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), and phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxylase (p-PI3K), while dose-dependently down-regulating the expression of Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1). EGCG supplements reversed the changes in LS8 morphology, the cell cycle, and apoptosis induced by fluoride. These results indicated that EGCG possesses a protective effect against fluoride toxicity. Furthermore, EGCG suppressed the activation of p-PI3K and the down-regulation of FoxO1 caused by fluoride. Collectively, our findings suggested that EGCG attenuated fluoride-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/FoxO1 signaling pathway. EGCG may serve as a new alternative method for dental fluorosis prevention, control, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuzhi Fei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Furlan V, Tošović J, Bren U. QM-CSA: A Novel Quantum Mechanics-Based Protocol for Evaluation of the Carcinogen-Scavenging Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds. Foods 2024; 13:2708. [PMID: 39272474 PMCID: PMC11394233 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel quantum mechanics-based protocol for the evaluation of carcinogen-scavenging activity (QM-CSA) is developed. The QM-CSA protocol represents a universal and quantitative approach to evaluate and compare the activation-free energies for alkylation reactions between individual polyphenolic compounds and chemical carcinogens of the epoxy type at physiological conditions by applying two scales: the absolute scale allowing for the comparison with guanine and the relative scale allowing the comparison with glutathione as a reference compound. The devised quantum mechanical methodology was validated by comparing the activation-free energies calculated with 14 DFT functionals in conjunction with two implicit solvation models (SMD and CPCM) and the experimental activation-free energies for reactions between nine investigated chemical carcinogens and guanine. According to the obtained results, the best agreement with experimental data was achieved by applying DFT functionals M11-L and MN12-L in conjunction with the flexible 6-311++G(d,p) basis set and implicit solvation model SMD, and the obtained uncertainties were proven to be similar to the experimental ones. To demonstrate the applicability of the QM-CSA protocol, functionals M11-L, and MN12-L in conjunction with the SMD implicit solvation model were applied to calculate activation-free energies for the reactions of nine investigated chemical carcinogens of the epoxy type with three catechins, namely EGCG, EGC, and (+)-catechin. The order of CSA in this series of catechins in comparison to guanine and glutathione was determined as (+)-catechin > EGC > EGCG. The obtained results, for the first time, demonstrated the evaluation and comparison of CSA in a series of selected catechins with respect to glutathione and guanine. Moreover, the presented results provide valuable insights into the reaction mechanisms and configurations of the corresponding transition states. The novel QM-CSA protocol is also expected to expand the kinetic data for alkylation reactions between various polyphenolic compounds and chemical carcinogens of the epoxy type, which is currently lacking in the scientific literature.
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Grants
- J1-2471, P2-0046, L2-3175, J4-4633, J1-4398, L2-4430, J3-4498, J7-4638, J1-4414, J3-4497, P2-0438, and I0-E015 Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Furlan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska Ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jelena Tošović
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska Ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
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6
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Dharshini LCP, Mandal AKA. Regulation of gene expression by modulating microRNAs through Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:230. [PMID: 38281210 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is an intricate ailment that has a higher death rate globally and is characterized by aberrant cell proliferation and metastasis in nature. Since the beginning of healthcare, natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been utilized to support human health. Green tea contains an essential catechin called epigallocatechin gallate, which has anti-proliferative, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. The anticancer properties of EGCG have been extensively studied using pre-clinical cell culture and animal model systems. Dysregulated miRNA may be a biomarker since it influences the different characteristics of cancer like upholding proliferative signaling, cell death, invasiveness, metastasis, and angiogenesis. EGCG either elevates or lowers the expression of dysregulated miRNAs in cancer. Nonetheless, due to its anticancer properties, greater attention has been paid towards the development of efficient strategies for utilizing EGCG in cancer chemotherapy. This review summarizes the modifying effect of EGCG on miRNAs in cancer after briefly discussing the anticancer mechanisms of EGCG and the function of miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Li D, Cao D, Cui Y, Sun Y, Jiang J, Cao X. The potential of epigallocatechin gallate in the chemoprevention and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201085. [PMID: 37292151 PMCID: PMC10244546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most notorious malignancies globally, has a high fatality and poor prognosis. Though remarkable breakthroughs have been made in the therapeutic strategies recently, the overall survival of HCC remains unsatisfactory. Consequently, the therapy of HCC remains a great challenge. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol extracted from the leaves of the tea bush, has been extensively investigated for its antitumor effects. In this review, we summarize the previous literature to elucidate the roles of EGCG in the chemoprophylaxis and therapy of HCC. Accumulating evidence has confirmed EGCG prevents and inhibits the hepatic tumorigenesis and progression through multiple biological mechanisms, mainly involving hepatitis virus infection, oxidative stress, proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, and tumor metabolism. Furthermore, EGCG enhances the efficacy and sensitivity of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy in HCC. In conclusion, preclinical studies have confirmed the potential of EGCG for chemoprevention and therapy of HCC under multifarious experimental models and conditions. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to explore the safety and efficacy of EGCG in the clinical practice of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Li
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingnan Cui
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuanlin Sun
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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8
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Xing P, Zhong Y, Cui X, Liu Z, Wu X. Natural products in digestive tract tumors metabolism: Functional and application prospects. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106766. [PMID: 37061144 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Digestive tract diseases are presently the hotspot of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and the incidence of digestive tract tumor is increasing annually. Surgery remains the main therapeutic schedule for digestive tract tumor. Though benefits were brought by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a part of patients lose the chance of surgery because of late detection or inappropriate intervention. Therefore, the treatment of inoperable patients has become an urgent need. At the same time, tumor metabolism is an extremely complex and diverse process. Natural products are confirmed effective to inhibit the development of tumors in vitro and in vitro. There are many kinds of natural products and their functions remain not clear. However, some natural products such as polyphenols have been proven to have definite anti-cancer effects, and some terpenoids have definite anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-tumor, and other effects. Therefore, the anti-tumor characteristics of natural products should arouse our high attention. Although there are many obstacles to study the activities of natural products in tumor, including the difficulty in detection or distinguishing each component due to their low levels in tumor tissue, etc., the emergence of highly sensitive and locatable spatial metabolomics make the research and application of natural products a big step forward. In this review, natural products such as phenols, terpenoids and biotinoids were summarized to further discuss the development and therapeutic properties of natural metabolites on digestive tract tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xing
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Surgery, General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xingda Wu
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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9
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Hazimeh D, Massoud G, Parish M, Singh B, Segars J, Islam MS. Green Tea and Benign Gynecologic Disorders: A New Trick for An Old Beverage? Nutrients 2023; 15:1439. [PMID: 36986169 PMCID: PMC10054707 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea is harvested from the tea plant Camellia sinensis and is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. It is richer in antioxidants than other forms of tea and has a uniquely high content of polyphenolic compounds known as catechins. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major green tea catechin, has been studied for its potential therapeutic role in many disease contexts, including pathologies of the female reproductive system. As both a prooxidant and antioxidant, EGCG can modulate many cellular pathways important to disease pathogenesis and thus has clinical benefits. This review provides a synopsis of the current knowledge on the beneficial effects of green tea in benign gynecological disorders. Green tea alleviates symptom severity in uterine fibroids and improves endometriosis through anti-fibrotic, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic mechanisms. Additionally, it can reduce uterine contractility and improve the generalized hyperalgesia associated with dysmenorrhea and adenomyosis. Although its role in infertility is controversial, EGCG can be used as a symptomatic treatment for menopause, where it decreases weight gain and osteoporosis, as well as for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women’s Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women’s Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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10
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Mariadoss AVA, Subramanian SA, Kwon YM, Shin S, Kim SJ. Epigallocatechin gallate protects the hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in tenocytes. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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11
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Parish M, Massoud G, Hazimeh D, Segars J, Islam MS. Green Tea in Reproductive Cancers: Could Treatment Be as Simple? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030862. [PMID: 36765820 PMCID: PMC9913717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea originates from the tea plant Camellia sinensis and is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. Green tea polyphenols, commonly known as catechins, are the major bioactive ingredients and account for green tea's unique health benefits. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is the most potent catechin derivative and has been widely studied for its pro- and anti-oxidative effects. This review summarizes the chemical and chemopreventive properties of green tea in the context of female reproductive cancers. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar up to December 2022 was conducted. All original and review articles related to green tea or EGCG, and gynecological cancers published in English were included. The findings of several in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies examining the effect of green tea on reproductive cancers, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and vulvar cancers, are presented. Studies have shown that this compound targets specific receptors and intracellular signaling pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis. The potential benefits of using green tea in the treatment of reproductive cancers, alone or in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents, are examined, shedding light on new therapeutic strategies for the management of female reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Segars
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (M.S.I.); Tel.: +1-410-614-2000 (J.S. & M.S.I.)
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (M.S.I.); Tel.: +1-410-614-2000 (J.S. & M.S.I.)
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12
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Chimento A, D’Amico M, De Luca A, Conforti FL, Pezzi V, De Amicis F. Resveratrol, Epigallocatechin Gallate and Curcumin for Cancer Therapy: Challenges from Their Pro-Apoptotic Properties. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020261. [PMID: 36836619 PMCID: PMC9962739 DOI: 10.3390/life13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds are gaining wide attention for their multiple health-promoting activities and in particular for their anti-cancer properties. Several studies have highlighted how they can prevent cancer initiation and progression, improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy, and, in some cases, limit some of the side effects of chemotherapy agents. In this paper, we provide an update of the literature on the anti-cancer effects of three extensively studied plant-derived compounds, namely resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and curcumin, with a special focus on the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms inducing apoptosis in the major types of cancers globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria D’Amico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-496204
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13
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Barberino RS, Lins TLBG, Monte APO, Silva RLS, Andrade KO, Campinho DSP, Palheta Junior RC, Smitz JEJ, Matos MHT. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced damage in mouse ovarian tissue via suppressing inflammation, apoptosis, and expression of phosphorylated Akt, FOXO3a and rpS6. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 113:42-51. [PMID: 35981663 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against ovarian toxicity in cyclophosphamide-treated mice and to verify the possible involvement of phosphorylated Akt, FOXO3a and rpS6 in the EGCG actions. Mice received saline solution (i.p.; control) or a single dose of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) or mice were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg body weight, i.p.; positive control) or with EGCG (5, 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) once daily for three days followed by injection with single dose of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). Thereafter, the mice were euthanized, and the ovaries were harvested and destined to histological (follicular morphology and activation), immunohistochemistry (cleaved caspase-3 and TNF-α) and fluorescence (mitochondrial activity and GSH concentrations) analyses. Furthermore, we examined the participation of p-Akt, p-FOXO3a and p-rpS6 in the protective effects of EGCG in cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian damage by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine or EGCG at 25 and 50 mg/kg before cyclophosphamide administration preserved the normal follicular morphology, prevented primordial follicle loss, reduced atresia, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage, and increased GSH concentrations compared to the only cyclophosphamide treatment. Additionally, pretreatment with 25 mg/kg EGCG regulated phosphorylated Akt, FOXO3a and rpS6 after cyclophosphamide treatment. In conclusion, short-time pretreatment with 25 mg/kg EGCG can prevent follicle loss in cyclophosphamide-treated mice by reducing oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis, and regulating of p-Akt, p-FOXO3a and p-rpS6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricássio S Barberino
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil.
| | - Thae Lanne B G Lins
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Alane P O Monte
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Regina Lucia S Silva
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Kíscyla O Andrade
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Daniela S P Campinho
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Raimundo C Palheta Junior
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of São Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Johan E J Smitz
- Follicle Biology Laboratory, Free University Brussels - VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Helena T Matos
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of São Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil
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Shao G, Liu Y, Lu L, Zhang G, Zhou W, Wu T, Wang L, Xu H, Ji G. The Pathogenesis of HCC Driven by NASH and the Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944088. [PMID: 35873545 PMCID: PMC9301043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a clinical syndrome with pathological changes that are similar to those of alcoholic hepatitis without a history of excessive alcohol consumption. It is a specific form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is characterized by hepatocyte inflammation based on hepatocellular steatosis. Further exacerbation of NASH can lead to cirrhosis, which may then progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is a lack of specific and effective treatments for NASH and NASH-driven HCC, and the mechanisms of the progression of NASH to HCC are unclear. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases to identify new therapeutic approaches. Currently, an increasing number of studies are focusing on the utility of natural products in NASH, which is likely to be a promising prospect for NASH. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progression of NASH and NASH-derived HCC, as well as the potential therapeutic role of natural products in NASH and NASH-derived HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxuan Shao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Dong C, Wang Z, Shen P, Chen Y, Wang J, Wang H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses the growth of human osteosarcoma by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8490-8502. [PMID: 35348430 PMCID: PMC9161922 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant tumors in adolescents. Due to local invasion, distant metastasis and drug resistance, the clinical treatment efficacy and prognosis of OS have remained almost unchanged for decades. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a unique catechin from tea leaves, and some studies have confirmed its antitumour effects on various tumors. Here, cellular experiments showed that EGCG significantly promoted OS cell apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, and cell and animal experiments demonstrated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway played an indispensable role in the antitumour effects of EGCG. Moreover, EGCG inhibited the growth of OS cells in vitro while suppressing tumor cell damage to the bone in situ and distant lung metastasis. The results indicate that the antitumour effect of EGCG on human OS may be mediated by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and that EGCG can be used alone or in combination with other regimens as a potentially effective anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yingguo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jinshu Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
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16
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Alam M, Ali S, Ashraf GM, Bilgrami AL, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate: From green tea to cancer therapeutics. Food Chem 2022; 379:132135. [PMID: 35063850 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) possesses various biological functions, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. EGCG is an abundant polyphenolic component originating from green tea extract that has exhibited versatile bioactivities in combating several cancers. This review highlights the pharmacological features of EGCG and its therapeutic implications in cancer and other metabolic diseases. It modulates numerous signaling pathways, regulating cells' undesired survival and proliferation, thus imparting strong tumor chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. EGCG initiates cell death through the intrinsic pathway and causes inhibition of EGFR, STAT3, and ERK pathways in several cancers. EGCG alters and inhibits ERK1/2, NF-κB, and Akt-mediated signaling, altering the Bcl-2 family proteins ratio and activating caspases in tumor cells. This review focuses on anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptotic effects of EGCG. We further highlighted the potential of EGCG in different types of cancer, emphasizing clinical trials formulations that further improve our understanding of the therapeutic management of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar L Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 21924, South Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Errachid A, Nohawica M, Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M. A comprehensive review of the influence of Epigallocatechin gallate on Sjögren's syndrome associated molecular regulators of exocytosis (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 15:95. [PMID: 34631050 PMCID: PMC8493546 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the salivary glands, leading to reduced secretory functions and oral and ocular dryness. The salivary glands are composed of acinar cells that are responsible for the secretion and production of secretory granules, which contain salivary components, such as amylase, mucins and immunoglobulins. This secretion process involves secretory vesicle trafficking, docking, priming and membrane fusion. A failure during any of the steps in exocytosis in the salivary glands results in the altered secretion of saliva. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptors, actin, tight junctions and aquaporin 5 all serve an important role in the trafficking regulation of secretory vesicles in the secretion of saliva via exocytosis. Alterations in the expression and distribution of these selected proteins leads to salivary gland dysfunction, including SS. Several studies have demonstrated that green tea polyphenols, most notably Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possess both anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in normal human cells. Molecular, cellular and animal studies have indicated that EGCG can provide protective effects against autoimmune and inflammatory reactions in salivary glands in diseases such as SS. The aim of the present article is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on the possible therapeutic interactions between EGCG and the selected molecular mechanisms associated with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmounaim Errachid
- Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Greater Poland, Poland.,Earth and Life Institute, University Catholique of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Michal Nohawica
- Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Greater Poland, Poland
| | - Marzena Wyganowska-Swiatkowska
- Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Greater Poland, Poland
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Antiproliferative Activities of Methanolic Extract and Fractions of Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruit. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4051555. [PMID: 34335807 PMCID: PMC8313322 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4051555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most of the current cancer chemotherapeutics are associated with harsh and undesirable side effects, including toxicity and chemoresistance, driving the need for safer and more effective alternatives. In this study, the antiproliferative activities of the methanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruits and nine different fractions (C1-C9) from the column chromatographic separation of the extract against leukemia (Jurkat) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines were investigated using a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions found alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids in the methanolic extract. Most of the fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity (>100 μg/mL) with the Jurkat cells being more susceptible than the MCF-7 cells. Four of the collected fractions C4, C3, C5, and C2 had good selective indices in decreasing order of activity, in the case of Jurkat cells. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of all samples (except for C4 and C9) revealed that C1, C2, C3, and C5 each had a single component. More importantly, fractions C2, C3, and C5, which were selective to Jurkat cells, also had the same retention time of 1.846 min. Fractions C6 and C8 had two components, with C7 having four components. This study serves as a basis for further work to isolate and characterize potential anticancer agents from the fractions of extracts of T. tetraptera fruits.
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Baby J, Devan AR, Kumar AR, Gorantla JN, Nair B, Aishwarya TS, Nath LR. Cogent role of flavonoids as key orchestrators of chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13761. [PMID: 34028054 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemopreventive approaches with food-derived phytochemicals are progressively rising as a significant aspect of tumor management and control. Herein, we have showcased the major phytoconstituents belonging to the group of flavanoid, as anti-cancer agents used for the treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib is the sole drug used for the treatment of advanced HCC, but its clinical application is limited because of its severe adverse effects and drug resistance. Diet-based chemoprevention seems to be the way forward for this disease of malignant nature. As HCC is derived from a chronic inflammatory milieu, the regular incorporation of bioactive phytochemicals in the diet will confer protection and prevent progression to hepatocarcinogenesis. Many preclinical studies proved that the health benefits of flavonoids confer cytotoxic potential against various types of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma. As flavonoids with excellent safety profile are abundantly present in common vegetables and fruits, they can be better utilized for chemoprevention and chemosensitization in such chronic condition. This review highlights the plausible role of the eight most promising flavonoids (Curcumin, Kaempferol, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Silibinin, Baicalein, Galangin and Luteolin) as key orchestrators of chemoprevention in hepatocellular carcinoma with preclinical and clinical evidence. An attempt to address the challenges in its clinical translation is also included. This review also provides an insight into the close association of HCC and metabolic disorders which may further decipher the chemopreventive effect of dietary bioactive from a proof of concept to extensive clinical translation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: According to GLOBOCAN 2020 database, it is estimated that 905,677 new cases of liver cancer and approximately 830,180 deaths related to that. The cancer incidence and mortality are almost similar as it is diagnosed at an advanced stage in patients where systemic drug therapy is the sole approach. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistance and drug-related toxicities, most of the patient can not adhere to the therapy regimen. Flavonoids are known to be a potential anticancer agent with an excellent safety profile. These are found to be effective preclinically against hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of numerous pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis. But, the bioavailability issue, lack of well designed-validated clinical evidence, the possibility of food-drug interaction etc limit its clinical utility. The research inputs mainly to overcome pharmacokinetic issues along with suitable validation of efficacy and toxicity will be a critical point for establishing flavonoids as an effective, safe, affordable therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Baby
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Thanatharayil Sathian Aishwarya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
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20
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Zhang M, Chen X, Radacsi N. New tricks of old drugs: Repurposing non-chemo drugs and dietary phytochemicals as adjuvants in anti-tumor therapies. J Control Release 2020; 329:96-120. [PMID: 33259852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy has long been applied to enhance therapeutic effect and deal with the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in cancer treatment. However, the overlapping toxicity of multiple anticancer drugs to healthy tissues and increasing financial burden on patients emerged as major concerns. As promising alternatives to chemo agents, repurposed non-chemo drugs and dietary phytochemicals have been investigated as adjuvants to conventional anti-tumor therapeutics, offering a safe and economic strategy for combination therapy. In this review, we aim to highlight the advances in research about combination therapy using conventional therapeutics and repurposed drugs or phytochemicals for an enhanced anti-tumor efficacy, along with the mechanisms involved in the synergism. Beyond these, we outlined the potential challenges and solutions for clinical translation of the proposed combination therapy, providing a safe and affordable strategy to improve the reach of cancer therapy to low income regions with such new tricks of old drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom.
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom.
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom.
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21
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Martinovich GG, Martinovich IV, Vcherashniaya AV, Zenkov NK, Menshchikova EB, Cherenkevich SN. Chemosensitization of Tumor Cells by Phenolic Antioxidants: The Role of the Nrf2 Transcription Factor. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635092006010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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22
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The Effects of Supplement Therapy on HCV-Related HCC: a Case Report of a Patient Who Had Undergone TACE for Six Times. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 52:802-808. [PMID: 33095378 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Potential Therapeutic Targets of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), the Most Abundant Catechin in Green Tea, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143146. [PMID: 32660101 PMCID: PMC7397003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active compound of green tea and its role in diseases cure and prevention has been proven. Its role in diseases management can be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-cancer role of this green tea compound has been confirmed in various types of cancer and is still being under explored. EGCG has been proven to possess a chemopreventive effect through inhibition of carcinogenesis process such as initiation, promotion, and progression. In addition, this catechin has proven its role in cancer management through modulating various cell signaling pathways such as regulating proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and killing of various types of cancer cells. The additive or synergistic effect of epigallocatechin with chemopreventive agents has been verified as it reduces the toxicities and enhances the anti-cancerous effects. Despite its effectiveness and safety, the implications of EGCG in cancer prevention is certainly still discussed due to a poor bioavailability. Several studies have shown the ability to overcome poor bioavailability through nanotechnology-based strategies such as encapsulation, liposome, micelles, nanoparticles and various other formulation. In this review, we encapsulate therapeutic implication of EGCG in cancer management and the mechanisms of action are discussed with an emphasis on human clinical trials.
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Liu A, Wu Q, Peng D, Ares I, Anadón A, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Martínez MA. A novel strategy for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma: DNA methylation. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1973-2018. [PMID: 32525219 DOI: 10.1002/med.21696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second highest in the world and the therapeutic options are limited. The incidence of this deadly cancer is rising at an alarming rate because of the high degree of resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, lack of proper, and adequate vaccination to hepatitis B, and lack of consciousness and knowledge about the disease itself and the lifestyle of the people. DNA methylation and DNA methylation-induced epigenetic alterations, due to their potential reversibility, open the access to develop novel biomarkers and therapeutics for HCC. The contribution to these epigenetic changes in HCC development still has not been thoroughly summarized. Thus, it is necessary to better understand the new molecular targets of HCC epigenetics in HCC diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This review elaborates on recent key findings regarding molecular biomarkers for HCC early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Currently emerging epigenetic drugs for the treatment of HCC are summarized. In addition, combining epigenetic drugs with nonepigenetic drugs for HCC treatment is also mentioned. The molecular mechanisms of DNA methylation-mediated HCC resistance are reviewed, providing some insights into the difficulty of treating liver cancer and anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dapeng Peng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Kazi J, Sen R, Ganguly S, Jha T, Ganguly S, Chatterjee Debnath M. Folate decorated epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) loaded PLGA nanoparticles; in-vitro and in-vivo targeting efficacy against MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119449. [PMID: 32464231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic constituent of green tea exhibits significant anti-cancer potential over a wide range of cancer cells. We have developed folate peptide decorated PLGA-NPs loaded with EGCG (FP-EGCG-NPs) to bind folate receptor (FR) specific breast cancer cell lines and evaluated their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. EGCG loaded PLGA nanoparticles (EGCG-NPs) were characterised for size, surface morphology, surface charge, encapsulation efficacy and in-vitro drug release kinetics. Cellular uptake and in-vitro cytotoxicities of free drug, folate peptide conjugated and unconjugated EGCG-NPs were investigated against FR positive MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The conjugated nanoparticles exhibited promising cytotoxic potentials as well as significantly high cellular internalisation in MDA-MB-231 cells as compared to unconjugated one. It also ensured longer half life, higher plasma concentration, favourably high apoptotic potential and significantly high mitochondrial depolarization effect as compared to free EGCG. The loaded nanoparticles were radiolabeled with technetium-99m and their tumor selectivity in MDA-MB-231 tumor bearing nude mice was investigated by scintigraphic imaging study. Finally in-vivo therapeutic efficacy studies in tumor bearing nude mice were also done to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julekha Kazi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumya Ganguly
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Shantanu Ganguly
- Regional Radiation Medicine Center, Thakurpukur Cancer Center and Welfare Home Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Mita Chatterjee Debnath
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
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26
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Tania M, Srivastava S, Ritzer EE, Pandey A, Aggarwal D, Barwal TS, Jain A, Kaur G, Sak K, Varol M, Bishayee A. Molecular mechanisms of action of epigallocatechin gallate in cancer: Recent trends and advancement. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:256-275. [PMID: 32461153 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is an ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid. EGCG, abundantly found in tea, is a polyphenolic flavonoid that has the potential to affect human health and disease. EGCG interacts with various recognized cellular targets and inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, scientific evidence has illustrated the promising role of EGCG in inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and angiogenesis. It has also been found that EGCG may reverse drug resistance of cancer cells and could be a promising candidate for synergism studies. The prospective importance of EGCG in cancer treatment is owed to its natural origin, safety, and low cost which presents it as an attractive target for further development of novel cancer therapeutics. A major challenge with EGCG is its low bioavailability which is being targeted for improvement by encapsulating EGCG in nano-sized vehicles for further delivery. However, there are major limitations of the studies on EGCG, including study design, experimental bias, and inconsistent results and reproducibility among different study cohorts. Additionally, it is important to identify specific EGCG pharmacological targets in the tumor-specific signaling pathways for development of novel combined therapeutic treatments with EGCG. The present review highlights the ongoing development to identify cellular and molecular targets of EGCG in cancer. Furthermore, the role of nanotechnology-mediated EGCG combinations and delivery systems will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Mousumi Tania
- Division of Molecular Cancer, Red Green Research Center, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Erin E Ritzer
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton 34211, FL, USA
| | - Anjana Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Mumbai 400 056, Maharastra, India
| | | | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Muğla TR48000, Turkey
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton 34211, FL, USA.
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27
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Dey P, Kim JB, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Li J, Sasaki GY, Olmstead BD, Stock KL, Thomas-Ahner JM, Clinton SK, Bruno RS. Green tea extract inhibits early oncogenic responses in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Food Funct 2020; 10:6351-6361. [PMID: 31503268 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. We hypothesized that the hepatoprotective anti-inflammatory benefits of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) would protect against HCC progression by inhibiting NASH-associated liver injury and pro-oncogenic responses. We used an HCC model in high-fat (HF)-fed mice that mimics early oncogenic events during NASH without inducing tumorigenesis and premature mortality. Male C57BL/6J mice (4-weeks old) were fed a HF diet containing GTE at 0% or 2%. Mice were administered saline or diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 60 mg kg-1, i.p.) at 5-weeks and 7-weeks of age. NASH, inflammation, fibrosis, and oncogenic responses were assessed at 25-weeks of age. Saline-treated mice showed prominent histopathological signs of steatosis and hepatocellular ballooning. Although DEN did not impact adiposity, steatosis, ballooning and hepatic lipid accumulation, these parameters were attenuated by GTE regardless of DEN. Hepatic lipid peroxidation and fibrosis that were increased by DEN were attenuated by GTE. Hepatic TLR4, MCP1 and TNFα mRNA levels were unaffected by DEN, whereas iNOS was increased by DEN. These transcripts were lowered by GTE. GTE attenuated the frequency of PCNA+ hepatocytes and mRNA expression of cyclin D1, MIB1 and Ki-67 that were otherwise increased by DEN. GTE increase APAF1 mRNA that was otherwise lowered by DEN. Relative to saline-treated mice, DEN increased mRNA levels of oncostatin M, gp130, c-Fos, c-Myc and survivin; each was lowered by GTE in DEN-treated mice. These findings indicate that GTE may protect against hepatic oncogenesis by limiting early steps in the carcinogenic cascade related to NASH-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Koch W. Dietary Polyphenols-Important Non-Nutrients in the Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051039. [PMID: 31075905 PMCID: PMC6566812 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of the social and economic conditions of society has eliminated the threat of death from the majority of infectious diseases. However, the rapid progress of civilization has created new possibilities for the appearance of factors with adverse effects for the health of society. This has led to increased morbidity from certain diseases, the presence of which had not been observed several centuries ago. Chronic noncommunicable diseases (e.g., cancers, cardio-vascular disorders, diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases) result from an inappropriate relationship between people and their environment. The common characteristic for all chronic diseases is a “new” form of inflammation, very often called metaflammation, which is considered as a subclinical, permanent inflammation. As a result, metabolic cascade, including cellular oxidative stress, atherosclerotic process, and insulin resistance, occurs, which slowly generates significant deterioration in the organism. Polyphenols are the major group of non-nutrients, considering their diversity, food occurrence, and biological properties. The current review aims to present a wide spectrum of literature data, including the molecular mechanism of their activity and experimental model used, and summarize the recent findings on the multitude of physiological effects of dietary polyphenols towards the prevention of several chronic diseases. However, despite several studies, the estimation of their dietary intake is troublesome and inconclusive, which will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Koch
- Chair and Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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29
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Bimonte S, Albino V, Piccirillo M, Nasto A, Molino C, Palaia R, Cascella M. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: experimental findings and translational perspectives. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:611-621. [PMID: 30858692 PMCID: PMC6387605 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary liver malignancy, is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Despite orthotopic liver transplantation and hepatic resection representing the principal lines of treatment for this pathology, only a minority of patients can be resected owing to cirrhosis or late diagnosis. Keeping in mind the end goal of conquering these challenges, new alternative approaches have been proposed. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal catechin of green tea with multiple biological properties, is able to modulate different molecular mechanisms underlying HCC, mainly through its antioxidant activity. In this article, we revise these findings reported in the literature, in order to highlight the potential roles of EGCG in the treatment of HCC. The CAMARADES criteria were applied for quality assessment of animal studies, and a narrative synthesis performed. New bits of information available for translational perspectives into clinical practice are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy,
| | - Vittorio Albino
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Piccirillo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Aurelio Nasto
- UOC Chirurgia Generale ad Indirizzo Oncologico, POA Tortora, Pagani, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carlo Molino
- A Cardarelli Chirurgia Generale - AORN, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palaia
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy,
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30
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The critical role of epigallocatechin gallate in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Future Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0204
expr 946749968 + 822201775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of polyphenols isolated from green tea, exhibits biology-benefiting effects with minimum severe adverse. EGCG is known to be a mitochondrion-targeting medicinal agent, regulating mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mitochondria-mediated cell cycle and apoptosis. EGCG might exhibit either antioxidative activity to prevent against oxidative stress or pro-oxidative activity to counteract cancer cells, which depends on the cellular stress situations, cell types and the concentration of EGCG. Recent research has gained positive and promising data. This review will discuss the interaction between EGCG and mitochondrion.
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31
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The critical role of epigallocatechin gallate in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:795-809. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of polyphenols isolated from green tea, exhibits biology-benefiting effects with minimum severe adverse. EGCG is known to be a mitochondrion-targeting medicinal agent, regulating mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mitochondria-mediated cell cycle and apoptosis. EGCG might exhibit either antioxidative activity to prevent against oxidative stress or pro-oxidative activity to counteract cancer cells, which depends on the cellular stress situations, cell types and the concentration of EGCG. Recent research has gained positive and promising data. This review will discuss the interaction between EGCG and mitochondrion.
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32
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Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Cheung F, Hong M, Feng Y. The Potential and Action Mechanism of Polyphenols in the Treatment of Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8394818. [PMID: 29507653 PMCID: PMC5817364 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8394818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease, involving a wide range of liver pathologies from fatty liver, hepatitis, and fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is a serious health problem worldwide. In recent years, many natural foods and herbs with abundant phytochemicals have been proposed as health supplementation for patients with hepatic disorders. As an important category of phytochemicals, natural polyphenols have attracted increasing attention as potential agents for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. The striking capacities in remitting oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation put polyphenols in the spotlight for the therapies of liver diseases. It has been reported that many polyphenols from a wide range of foods and herbs exert therapeutic effects on liver injuries via complicated mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to have a systematical review to sort out current researches to help better understand the potentials of polyphenols in liver diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize and update the existing evidence of natural polyphenols in the treatment of various liver diseases by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, while special attention is paid to the action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Pok Fu Lam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Pok Fu Lam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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33
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Jiao L, Bi L, Lu Y, Wang Q, Gong Y, Shi J, Xu L. Cancer chemoprevention and therapy using chinese herbal medicine. Biol Proced Online 2018; 20:1. [PMID: 29321719 PMCID: PMC5757296 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-017-0066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an indispensable role in cancer prevention and treatment. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a key component of TCM and has been practiced for thousands of years. A number of naturally occurring products from Chinese herbs extracts exhibit strong inhibitory properties against carcinogenesis, including CHM single-herb extracts, CHM-derived active components, and CHM formulas (the polyherbal combinations), which regulate JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NF-ҡB pathways. The present review aims to report the cancer-preventive effect of CHM with evidence from cell-line, animal, epidemiological, and clinical experiments. We also present several issues that have yet to be resolved. In the future, cancer prevention by CHM will face unprecedented opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Jiao
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437 China.,Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Ling Bi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yabin Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
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Xu TB, Li L, Luo XD, Lin H. BMSCs protect against liver injury via suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis and activating TGF-β1/Bax singling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1395-1402. [PMID: 29169724 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors cause liver injury, including chronic consumption of alcohol, irregular use of drugs, excessive levels of arsenic in water. This study aims to investigate role of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in liver injury recovery and to explore mechanism. BMSCs and primary hepatocytes were isolated, cultured and identified. Hepatocyte model and hepatic fibrosis (HF) model were established using carbon tetrachloride (CCL-4). The role of BMSCs were investigated in both in vitro and in vivo levels. Cell proliferation was examined using MTT assay. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Bcl-2 and Bax expression were detected using western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Results indicated that BMSCs and primary hepatocytes were successfully isolated and identified, and hepatocyte model was successfully established. BMSCs and HGF treatment enhance viability of normal hepatocytes and hepatocyte injury model. Cell viability in BMSCs treatment and Bax-1 inhibitor treatment group was higher significantly compared to normal hepatocyte control and injury hepatocyte model, respectively (P<0.05). Bax-1 expression was significantly lower and Bcl-2 was significantly higher in Bax-1 inhibitor treatment and BMSCs treatment group compared to normal hepatocyte control (normal rats) and injury hepatocyte model (HF model), respectively (P<0.05). BMSCs significantly decreased ALT and AST levels compared to Saline group (P<0.05). In conclusion, function of BMSCs in liver injury was triggered by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis and leading cell proliferation through TGF-β1/Bax singling pathway. Our study proved protective role of BMSCs against liver injury via TGF-β1/Bax pathway, which would enrich application of BMSC in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Bing Xu
- Hepatobiliary Sugery Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Medical Services Section, Sixteenth Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Altay, China
| | - Xing-Di Luo
- Medical Services Section, Sixteenth Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Altay, China
| | - Heng Lin
- Hepatobiliary Sugery Institute, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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35
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Zhao L, Liu S, Xu J, Li W, Duan G, Wang H, Yang H, Yang Z, Zhou R. A new molecular mechanism underlying the EGCG-mediated autophagic modulation of AFP in HepG2 cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3160. [PMID: 29095434 PMCID: PMC5775413 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) is a major bioactive component of green tea and is associated with health benefits against multiple diseases including cancer. As an indicator of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), high levels of α-fetal protein (AFP) are related to malignant differentiation and poor prognosis of cancer cells. In this study, EGCG can effectively reduce AFP secretion and simultaneously induce AFP aggregation in human HCC HepG2 cells. EGCG-stimulated autophagy induces the degradation of AFP aggregates in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, we thoroughly studied the underlying molecular mechanisms behind EGCG-stimulated autophagy by using large-scale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, which revealed a novel molecular mechanism. EGCG directly interacts with LC3-I protein, readily exposing the pivotal Gly-120 site of the latter to other important binding partners such as 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and promoting the synthesis of LC3-II, a characteristic autophagosomal marker. Our results suggest that EGCG is critical in regulating AFP secretion and in modulating autophagic activities of HepG2 cells, providing a molecular basis for potentially preventing and treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shengtang Liu
- School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Guangxin Duan
- School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Computational Biological Center, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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36
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Amani H, Ajami M, Nasseri Maleki S, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Daglia M, Tsetegho Sokeng AJ, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Nabavi SM. Targeting signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in human cancer by dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. Biochimie 2017; 142:63-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Sinha D, Biswas J, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Tea phytochemicals for breast cancer prevention and intervention: From bench to bedside and beyond. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:33-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Díaz-Rodríguez E, El-Mallah AM, Sanz E, Pandiella A. Antitumoral effect of Ocoxin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1950-1958. [PMID: 28781639 PMCID: PMC5530179 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide. The most efficient types of treatment at present include surgical resection and liver transplantation, but these treatments may only be used in a small percentage of patients. In order to identify novel therapeutic strategies for this disease, the present study explored the potential antitumoral effect of Ocoxin® oral solution (OOS) in HCC. OOS inhibited the proliferation of HCC cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner, being more efficient when used in combination with sorafenib, a standard of care treatment for patients diagnosed with advanced-stage disease. Mechanistic studies indicated that the effect of OOS was due to the induction of cell cycle arrest rather than the stimulation of apoptotic cell death. The cell cycle was slowed down in all phases in the HCC cell lines treated with OOS. Finally, when tested in animal models of HCC, OOS reduced tumor progression through the induction of necrosis in xenograft tumor models. Considering the poor prognosis and high resistance to antitumor treatments of HCC, the antiproliferative action of OOS, particularly in combination with sorafenib, provides the opportunity to investigate the effect of combined therapy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Díaz-Rodríguez
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Al-Mahy El-Mallah
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Padmapriya R, Gayathri L, Ronsard L, Akbarsha MA, Raveendran R. In vitro Anti-Proliferative Effect of Tephrosia purpurea on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S16-S21. [PMID: 28479720 PMCID: PMC5407109 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.203981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tephrosia purpurea is an Indian herb used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases such as jaundice, asthma, liver and urinary disorders. However, the anti-cancer potential of T. purpurea on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the anti-cancer activity of T. purpurea in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods: The leaves and root of T. purpurea were extracted with methanol using soxhlet apparatus. The cytotoxicity of the T. purpurea extracts in HepG2 cells was evaluated using MTT assay whereas the mode of cell death was examined by AOEB, Hoechst and JC1 staining under a fluorescence microscope. T. purpurea extracts-induced caspase-3 expression was investigated using colorimetric assay. Results: The leaves and root extracts inhibited HepG2 cell growth at the IC50 of 102.33 ± 10.26 µg/mL and 276.67 ± 20.43 µg/mL respectively at 24 h. Chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, apoptotic bodies formation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were observed in HepG2 cells treated with both extracts. The caspase-3 expression was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in extracts treated cells when compared to control. Conclusion: The leaves and root extracts of T. purpurea induce apoptosis mediated cell death in HepG2 cells. SUMMARY The leaves and root extracts of T. purpurea exhibited anticancer activity in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These extracts induced cell shrinkage, DNA condensation and fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and upregulated caspase-3 expression indicating T. purpurea extracts induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
Abbreviation used: AO: acridine orange, DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide, EB: ethidium bromide, IC50: the concentration at which 50% of cancer cells are dead, JC-1: 5, 5’, 6, 6’-tetrachloro-1, 1’, 3, 3’-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide, MTT: 3-4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl, 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, PBS: phosphate-buffered saline, ΔΨm: mitochondrial trans-membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loganathan Gayathri
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Larance Ronsard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Kwak TW, Park SB, Kim HJ, Jeong YIL, Kang DH. Anticancer activities of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against cholangiocarcinoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 10:137-144. [PMID: 28053547 PMCID: PMC5189709 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is an antioxidant agent derived from green tea. Because it has chemopreventive and anti-invasive effect against various cancer cells, EGCG can be used to inhibit proliferation and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. METHODS The anticancer effects of EGCG were studied using human CCA cells (HuCC-T1). Apoptosis was analyzed by Western blotting. Invasion and migration of cancer cells were assessed with Matrigel® and wound healing assays. An animal tumor xenograft model of HuCC-T1 was used to study the in vivo antitumor activities of EGCG. RESULTS EGCG effectively inhibited the growth of HuCC-T1 cells with no adverse effects on the viability of 293T cells. EGCG induced apoptotic cell death at 5 µg/mL concentration. It inhibited the expression of mutant p53 and induced apoptotic molecular signals such as Bax/Bcl-2, Caspase, and cytochrome C. Furthermore, EGCG dose-dependently inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9, invasion, and migration. In the animal tumor xenograft model of HuCC-T1 cells, EGCG was subcutaneously administered beside the tumor for local treatment. EGCG efficiently inhibited growth of the tumor and suppressed carcinogenic molecular signals such as Notch1, MMP-2/9, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. CONCLUSION EGCG induced apoptosis of cancer cells without adverse effects on normal cells. EGCG inhibited growth, invasion, and migration of HuCC-T1 cells. We suggest EGCG as a promising candidate for local treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Kwak
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital
| | - Su Bum Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam
| | | | - Young-IL Jeong
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kang
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam
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Cai Y, Zhang J, Chen NG, Shi Z, Qiu J, He C, Chen M. Recent Advances in Anticancer Activities and Drug Delivery Systems of Tannins. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:665-701. [PMID: 28004409 DOI: 10.1002/med.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tannins, polyphenols in medicinal plants, have been divided into two groups of hydrolysable and condensed tannins, including gallotannins, ellagitannins, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Potent anticancer activities have been observed in tannins (especially EGCG) with multiple mechanisms, such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of invasion and metastases. Furthermore, the combinational effects of tannins and anticancer drugs have been demonstrated in this review, including chemoprotective, chemosensitive, and antagonizing effects accompanying with anticancer effect. However, the applications of tannins have been hindered due to their poor liposolubility, low bioavailability, off-taste, and shorter half-life time in human body, such as EGCG, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. To tackle these obstacles, novel drug delivery systems have been employed to deliver tannins with the aim of improving their applications, such as gelatin nanoparticles, micelles, nanogold, liposomes, and so on. In this review, the chemical characteristics, anticancer properties, and drug delivery systems of tannins were discussed with an attempt to provide a systemic reference to promote the development of tannins as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Nelson G Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiange Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Phenolic compounds of green tea: Health benefits and technological application in food. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nimbolide inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis through ROS-mediated apoptosis and inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19819. [PMID: 26804739 PMCID: PMC4726267 DOI: 10.1038/srep19819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality and morbidity rates of pancreatic cancer are high because of its extremely invasive and metastatic nature. Its lack of symptoms, late diagnosis and chemo–resistance and the ineffective treatment modalities warrant the development of new chemo–therapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer. Agents from medicinal plants have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in various human cancers. Nimbolide, an active molecule isolated from Azadirachta indica, has been reported to exhibit several medicinal properties. This study assessed the anticancer properties of nimbolide against pancreatic cancer. Our data reveal that nimbolide induces excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby regulating both apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. Experiments with the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine diphosphate salt and the apoptosis inhibitor z-VAD-fmk demonstrated that nimbolide-mediated ROS generation inhibited proliferation (through reduced PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK signaling) and metastasis (through decreased EMT, invasion, migration and colony forming abilities) via mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cell death but not via autophagy. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that nimbolide was effective in inhibiting pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Overall, our data suggest that nimbolide can serve as a potential chemo–therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Li Y, Zhao LL, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li LP. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces human liver cancer HepG2 cell apoptosis and growth inhibition by suppressing phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3188-3194. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i20.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cell apoptosis and proliferation in the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 and to explore the underlying mechanism.
METHODS: HepG2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with different concentrations of EGCG (0, 10, 20, 40 µg/mL) for 48 h. MTT and flow cytometric analysis were used to evaluate the proliferation, membrane potential and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. The expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), p-protein kinase B (p-AKT), AKT, BCL-2, Bax, pro-Caspase3, cleaved Caspase3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved PARP and cytochrome C (CytC) in HepG2 cells was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: EGCG treatment significantly decreased the cell proliferation, membrane potential and the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, cleaved PARP, cleaved Caspase3 and Bcl-2 in HepG2 cells, and increased cell apoptosis and the expression of pro-Caspase3, PARP, CytC and Bax. However, EGCG treatment had no significant influence on the expression of AKT.
CONCLUSION: EGCG induces cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 possibly by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling
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Wang Y, Liu N, Bian X, Sun G, Du F, Wang B, Su X, Li D. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces tubular cell apoptosis in mice with ureteral obstruction. J Surg Res 2015; 197:145-54. [PMID: 25913488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubular cell apoptosis plays a crucial role in different kinds of renal diseases. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol extracted from green tea, has been shown to inhibit renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice, but its role in preventing tubular cell apoptosis and the underlying signaling mechanisms still remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice subjected to UUO were intraperitoneally administered EGCG (5 mg/kg) for 14 d. Normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E was induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Periodic acid-schiff and Masson's trichrome staining was used for histologic study. TUNEL, Hoechst staining, and flow cytometry analysis were used to measure the apoptotic status of tubular cells. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of apoptotic-associated proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway proteins. RESULTS EGCG significantly attenuated tubular injury and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidneys of UUO mice. In addition, EGCG prevented UUO and TGF-β1-induced tubular apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In parallel, protein expression of B-clell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was upregulated and protein expressions of Bcl-2 accosiated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) were downregulated by EGCG. Furthermore, UUO and TGF-β1-stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase was inhibited by EGCG. CONCLUSIONS EGCG effectively reduces tubular cell apoptosis induced by UUO and may have potential as a clinical treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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