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Mitrokhin V, Bilichenko A, Kazanski V, Schobik R, Shileiko S, Revkova V, Kalsin V, Kamkina O, Kamkin A, Mladenov M. Transcriptomic profile of the mechanosensitive ion channelome in human cardiac fibroblasts. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2341-2350. [PMID: 38158807 PMCID: PMC10903254 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231218488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) have mRNA transcripts that encode different mechanosensitive ion channels and channel regulatory proteins whose functions are not known yet. The primary goal of this work was to define the mechanosensitive ion channelome of HCFs. The most common type of cationic channel is the transient receptor potential (TRP) family, which is followed by the TWIK-related K+ channel (TREK), transmembrane protein 63 (TMEM63), and PIEZO channel (PIEZO) families. In the sodium-dependent NON-voltage-gated channel (SCNN) subfamily, only SCNN1D was shown to be highly expressed. Particular members of the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) (ASIC1 and ASIC3) subfamilies were also significantly expressed. The transcripts per kilobase million (TPMs) for Piezo 2 were almost 100 times less abundant than those for Piezo 1. The tandem of P domains in a weak inward rectifying K+ channel (TWIK)-2 channel, TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel (TASK)-5, TASK-1, and the TWIK-related K1 (TREK-1) channel were the four most prevalent types in the K2P subfamily. The highest expression in the TRPP subfamily was found for PKD2 and PKD1, while in the TRPM subfamily, it was found for TRPM4, TRPM7, and TRPM3. TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPV3, and TRPV6 (all members of the TRPV subfamily) were also substantially expressed. A strong expression of the TRPC1, TRPC4, TRPC6, and TRPC2 channels and all members of the TRPML subfamily (MCOLN1, MCOLN2, and MCOLN3) was also shown. In terms of the transmembrane protein 16 (TMEM16) family, the HCFs demonstrated significant expression of the TMEM16H, TMEM16F, TMEM16J, TMEM16A, and TMEM16G channels. TMC3 is the most expressed channel in HCFs of all known members of the transmembrane channel-like protein (TMC) family. This analysis of the mechanosensitive ionic channel transcriptome in HCFs: (1) agrees with previously documented findings that all currently identified mechanosensitive channels play a significant and well recognized physiological function in elucidating the mechanosensitive characteristics of HCFs; (2) supports earlier preliminary reports that point to the most common expression of the TRP mechanosensitive family in HCFs; and (3) points to other new mechanosensitive channels (TRPC1, TRPC2, TWIK-2, TMEM16A, ASIC1, and ASIC3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrei Bilichenko
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Viktor Kazanski
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Roman Schobik
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Stanislav Shileiko
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Veronika Revkova
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kalsin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Kamkina
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andre Kamkin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
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Xing C, Bao L, Li W, Fan H. Progress on role of ion channels of cardiac fibroblasts in fibrosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1138306. [PMID: 36969589 PMCID: PMC10033868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1138306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is defined as excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in pathological conditions. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) activated by injury or inflammation differentiate into myofibroblasts (MFs) with secretory and contractile functions. In the fibrotic heart, MFs produce ECM which is composed mainly of collagen and is initially involved in maintaining tissue integrity. However, persistent fibrosis disrupts the coordination of excitatory contractile coupling, leading to systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and ultimately heart failure. Numerous studies have demonstrated that both voltage- and non-voltage-gated ion channels alter intracellular ion levels and cellular activity, contributing to myofibroblast proliferation, contraction, and secretory function. However, an effective treatment strategy for myocardial fibrosis has not been established. Therefore, this review describes the progress made in research related to transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, Piezo1, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), sodium channels, and potassium channels in myocardial fibroblasts with the aim of providing new ideas for treating myocardial fibrosis.
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3
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Gwanyanya A, Mubagwa K. Emerging role of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in cardiac fibroblast pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2022; 13:968393. [PMID: 36277180 PMCID: PMC9583832 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.968393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts make up a major proportion of non-excitable cells in the heart and contribute to the cardiac structural integrity and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. During myocardial injury, fibroblasts can be activated to trans-differentiate into myofibroblasts, which secrete extracellular matrix components as part of healing, but may also induce cardiac fibrosis and pathological cardiac structural and electrical remodeling. The mechanisms regulating such cellular processes still require clarification, but the identification of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in cardiac fibroblasts could provide further insights into the fibroblast-related pathophysiology. TRP proteins belong to a diverse superfamily, with subgroups such as the canonical (TRPC), vanilloid (TRPV), melastatin (TRPM), ankyrin (TRPA), polycystin (TRPP), and mucolipin (TRPML). Several TRP proteins form non-selective channels that are permeable to cations like Na+ and Ca2+ and are activated by various chemical and physical stimuli. This review highlights the role of TRP channels in cardiac fibroblasts and the possible underlying signaling mechanisms. Changes in the expression or activity of TRPs such as TRPCs, TRPVs, TRPMs, and TRPA channels modulate cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, especially under pathological conditions. Such TRPs contribute to cardiac fibroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as to disease conditions such as cardiac fibrosis, atrial fibrillation, and fibroblast metal toxicity. Thus, TRP channels in fibroblasts represent potential drug targets in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfree Gwanyanya
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Asfree Gwanyanya,
| | - Kanigula Mubagwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, K U Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
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4
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Cheng XY, Li SF, Chen Y, Zhao YJ, Hu W, Lu C, Zhou RP. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 and their modulators. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Piezo1 Channel as a Potential Target for Hindering Cardiac Fibrotic Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158065. [PMID: 35897650 PMCID: PMC9330509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic tissues share many common features with neoplasms where there is an increased stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this review, we present recent discoveries related to the role of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in several diseases, especially in regulating tumor progression, and how this can be compared with cardiac mechanobiology. Based on recent findings, Piezo1 could be upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts as a consequence of the mechanical stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli that occurs after myocardial injury, and its increased activity could be responsible for a positive feedback loop that leads to fibrosis progression. The increased Piezo1-mediated calcium flow may play an important role in cytoskeleton reorganization since it induces actin stress fibers formation, a well-known characteristic of fibroblast transdifferentiation into the activated myofibroblast. Moreover, Piezo1 activity stimulates ECM and cytokines production, which in turn promotes the phenoconversion of adjacent fibroblasts into new myofibroblasts, enhancing the invasive character. Thus, by assuming the Piezo1 involvement in the activation of intrinsic fibroblasts, recruitment of new myofibroblasts, and uncontrolled excessive ECM production, a new approach to blocking the fibrotic progression can be predicted. Therefore, targeted therapies against Piezo1 could also be beneficial for cardiac fibrosis.
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6
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Stewart L, Turner NA. Channelling the Force to Reprogram the Matrix: Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:990. [PMID: 33922466 PMCID: PMC8145896 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) play a pivotal role in preserving myocardial function and integrity of the heart tissue after injury, but also contribute to future susceptibility to heart failure. CF sense changes to the cardiac environment through chemical and mechanical cues that trigger changes in cellular function. In recent years, mechanosensitive ion channels have been implicated as key modulators of a range of CF functions that are important to fibrotic cardiac remodelling, including cell proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix turnover and paracrine signalling. To date, seven mechanosensitive ion channels are known to be functional in CF: the cation non-selective channels TRPC6, TRPM7, TRPV1, TRPV4 and Piezo1, and the potassium-selective channels TREK-1 and KATP. This review will outline current knowledge of these mechanosensitive ion channels in CF, discuss evidence of the mechanosensitivity of each channel, and detail the role that each channel plays in cardiac remodelling. By better understanding the role of mechanosensitive ion channels in CF, it is hoped that therapies may be developed for reducing pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil A. Turner
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
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Hu F, Li M, Han F, Zhang Q, Zeng Y, Zhang W, Cheng X. Role of TRPM7 in cardiac fibrosis: A potential therapeutic target (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:173. [PMID: 33456540 PMCID: PMC7792474 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of cardiac remodeling associated with nearly all forms of heart disease. Clinically, no effective therapeutic drugs aim to inhibit cardiac fibrosis, owing to the complex etiological heterogeneity and pathogenesis of this disease. A two-in-one protein structure, a ubiquitous expression profile and unique biophysical characteristics enable the involvement of transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) in the pathogenesis and development of fibrosis-related cardiac diseases, such as heart failure (HF), cardiomyopathies, arrhythmia and hyperaldosteronism. In response to a variety of stimuli, multiple bioactive molecules can activate TRPM7 and related signaling pathways, leading to fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix production in cardiac fibroblasts. TRPM7-mediated Ca2+ signaling and TGF-β1 signaling pathways are critical for the formation of fibrosis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that TRPM7 is a potential pharmacological target for halting the development of fibrotic cardiac diseases. Reliable drug-like molecules for further development of high-affinity in vivo drugs targeting TRPM7 are urgently needed. The present review discusses the widespread and significant role of TRPM7 in cardiac fibrosis and focuses on its potential as a therapeutic target for alleviating heart fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Meiyong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fengyu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- Department of Medical Education, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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8
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Bogomolovas J, Feng W, Yu MD, Huang S, Zhang L, Trexler C, Gu Y, Spinozzi S, Chen J. Atypical ALPK2 kinase is not essential for cardiac development and function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1509-H1515. [PMID: 32383995 PMCID: PMC7311700 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00249.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases play an integral role in cardiac development, function, and disease. Recent experimental and clinical data have implied that protein kinases belonging to a family of atypical α-protein kinases, including α-protein kinase 2 (ALPK2), are important for regulating cardiac development and maintaining function via regulation of WNT signaling. A recent study in zebrafish reported that loss of ALPK2 leads to severe cardiac defects; however, the relevance of ALPK2 has not been studied in a mammalian animal model. To assess the role of ALPK2 in the mammalian heart, we generated two independent global Alpk2-knockout (Alpk2-gKO) mouse lines, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We performed physiological and biochemical analyses of Alpk2-gKO mice to determine the functional, morphological, and molecular consequences of Alpk2 deletion at the organismal level. We found that Alpk2-gKO mice exhibited normal cardiac function and morphology up to one year of age. Moreover, we did not observe altered WNT signaling in neonatal Alpk2-gKO mouse hearts. In conclusion, Alpk2 is dispensable for cardiac development and function in the murine model. Our results suggest that Alpk2 is a rapidly evolving gene that lost its essential cardiac functions in mammals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Several studies indicated the importance of ALPK2 for cardiac function and development. A recent study in zebrafish report that loss of ALPK2 leads to severe cardiac defects. In contrast, murine Alpk2-gKO models developed in this work display no overt cardiac phenotype. Our results suggest ALPK2, as a rapidly evolving gene, lost its essential cardiac functions in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Bogomolovas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Matthew Daniel Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Serena Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lunfeng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christa Trexler
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Simone Spinozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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9
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Hof T, Chaigne S, Récalde A, Sallé L, Brette F, Guinamard R. Transient receptor potential channels in cardiac health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 16:344-360. [PMID: 30664669 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are nonselective cationic channels that are generally Ca2+ permeable and have a heterogeneous expression in the heart. In the myocardium, TRP channels participate in several physiological functions, such as modulation of action potential waveform, pacemaking, conduction, inotropy, lusitropy, Ca2+ and Mg2+ handling, store-operated Ca2+ entry, embryonic development, mitochondrial function and adaptive remodelling. Moreover, TRP channels are also involved in various pathological mechanisms, such as arrhythmias, ischaemia-reperfusion injuries, Ca2+-handling defects, fibrosis, maladaptive remodelling, inherited cardiopathies and cell death. In this Review, we present the current knowledge of the roles of TRP channels in different cardiac regions (sinus node, atria, ventricles and Purkinje fibres) and cells types (cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts) and discuss their contribution to pathophysiological mechanisms, which will help to identify the best candidates for new therapeutic targets among the cardiac TRP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hof
- IHU-Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Chaigne
- IHU-Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Récalde
- IHU-Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Sallé
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA4650, Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique, Caen, France
| | - Fabien Brette
- IHU-Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Foundation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Romain Guinamard
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA4650, Signalisation, Électrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d'Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique, Caen, France.
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Feng J, Armillei MK, Yu AS, Liang BT, Runnels LW, Yue L. Ca 2+ Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Fibrosis-Associated Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:E34. [PMID: 31547577 PMCID: PMC6956282 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and is a hallmark feature of most heart diseases, including arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and heart failure. This maladaptive process occurs in response to a variety of stimuli, including myocardial injury, inflammation, and mechanical overload. There are multiple signaling pathways and various cell types that influence the fibrogenesis cascade. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are central effectors. Although it is clear that Ca2+ signaling plays a vital role in this pathological process, what contributes to Ca2+ signaling in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts is still not wholly understood, chiefly because of the large and diverse number of receptors, transporters, and ion channels that influence intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Intracellular Ca2+ signals are generated by Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores and by Ca2+ entry through a multitude of Ca2+-permeable ion channels in the plasma membrane. Over the past decade, the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have emerged as one of the most important families of ion channels mediating Ca2+ signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. TRP channels are a superfamily of non-voltage-gated, Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channels. Their ability to respond to various stimulating cues makes TRP channels effective sensors of the many different pathophysiological events that stimulate cardiac fibrogenesis. This review focuses on the mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling in fibroblast differentiation and fibrosis-associated heart diseases and will highlight recent advances in the understanding of the roles that TRP and other Ca2+-permeable channels play in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Feng
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Maria K Armillei
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Albert S Yu
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Loren W Runnels
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Lixia Yue
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Falcón D, Galeano-Otero I, Calderón-Sánchez E, Del Toro R, Martín-Bórnez M, Rosado JA, Hmadcha A, Smani T. TRP Channels: Current Perspectives in the Adverse Cardiac Remodeling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:159. [PMID: 30881310 PMCID: PMC6406032 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger required not only for the excitation-contraction coupling of the heart but also critical for the activation of cell signaling pathways involved in the adverse cardiac remodeling and consequently for the heart failure. Sustained neurohumoral activation, pressure-overload, or myocardial injury can cause pathologic hypertrophic growth of the heart followed by interstitial fibrosis. The consequent heart’s structural and molecular adaptation might elevate the risk of developing heart failure and malignant arrhythmia. Compelling evidences have demonstrated that Ca2+ entry through TRP channels might play pivotal roles in cardiac function and pathology. TRP proteins are classified into six subfamilies: TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPML (mucolipin), and TRPP (polycystin), which are activated by numerous physical and/or chemical stimuli. TRP channels participate to the handling of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in cardiac myocytes and are mediators of different cardiovascular alterations. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of TRP proteins implication in the pathologic process of some frequent cardiac diseases associated with the adverse cardiac remodeling such as cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and conduction alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Falcón
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Galeano-Otero
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Calderón-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Toro
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Bórnez
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Generation and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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12
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TRPM7 regulates angiotensin II-induced sinoatrial node fibrosis in sick sinus syndrome rats by mediating Smad signaling. Heart Vessels 2018; 33:1094-1105. [PMID: 29511803 PMCID: PMC6096742 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sinoatrial node fibrosis is involved in the pathogenesis of sinus sick syndrome (SSS). Transient receptor potential (TRP) subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) is implicated in cardiac fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of sinoatrial node (SAN) fibrosis in SSS by TRPM7 remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of angiotensin II (Ang II)/TRPM7/Smad pathway in the SAN fibrosis in rats with SSS. The rat SSS model was established with sodium hydroxide pinpoint pressing permeation. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal control (ctrl), sham operation (sham), postoperative 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week SSS, respectively. The tissue explant culture method was used to culture cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) from rat SAN tissues. TRPM7 siRNA or encoding plasmids were used to knock down or overexpress TRPM7. Collagen (Col) distribution in SAN and atria was assessed using PASM–Masson staining. Ang II, Col I, and Col III levels in serum and tissues or in CFs were determined by ELISA. TRPM7, smad2 and p-smad2 levels were evaluated by real-time PCR, and/or western blot and immunohistochemistry. SAN and atria in rats of the SSS groups had more fibers and higher levels of Ang II, Col I and III than the sham rats. Similar findings were obtained for TRPM7 and pSmad2 expression. In vitro, Ang II promoted CFs collagen synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, and potentiated TRPM7 and p-Smad2 expression. TRPM7 depletion inhibited Ang II-induced p-Smad2 expression and collagen synthesis in CFs, whereas increased TRPM7 expression did the opposite. SAN fibrosis is regulated by the Ang II/TRPM7/Smad pathway in SSS, indicating that TRPM7 is a potential target for SAN fibrosis therapy in SSS.
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