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Tretyakova E, Smirnova I, Kazakova O, Nguyen HTT, Shevchenko A, Sokolova E, Babkov D, Spasov A. New Molecules of Diterpene Origin with Inhibitory Properties toward α-Glucosidase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13535. [PMID: 36362322 PMCID: PMC9655717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders, has increased dramatically over the past decade and has resulted in higher rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The enzyme, α-Glucosidase (α-GLy), is considered a therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 DM. Herein, we synthesized arylidene, heterocyclic, cyanoetoxy- and propargylated derivatives of quinopimaric acid (levopimaric acid diene adduct with p-benzoquinone) 1-50 and, first, evaluated their ability to inhibit α-GLy. Among the tested compounds, quinopimaric acid 1, 2,3-dihydroquinopimaric acid 8 and its amide and heterocyclic derivatives 9, 30, 33, 39, 44, with IC50 values of 35.57-65.98 μM, emerged as being good inhibitors of α-GLy. Arylidene 1β-hydroxy and 1β,13α-epoxy methyl dihydroquinopimarate derivatives 6, 7, 26-29, thiadiazole 32, 1a,4a-dehydroquinopimaric acid 40 and its indole, nitrile and propargyl hybrids 35-38, 42, 45, 48, and 50 showed excellent inhibitory activities. The most active compounds 38, 45, 48, and 50 displayed IC50 values of 0.15 to 0.68 μM, being 1206 to 266 more active than acarbose (IC50 of 181.02 μM). Kinetic analysis revealed the most active diterpene indole with an alkyne substituent 45 as a competitive inhibitor with Ki of 50.45 μM. Molecular modeling supported this finding and suggested that the indole core plays a key role in the binding. Compound 45 also has favorable pharmacokinetic and safety properties, according to the computational ADMET profiling. The results suggested that quinopimaric acid derivatives should be considered as potential candidates for novel alternative therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tretyakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Oxana Kazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ha Thi Thu Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Alina Shevchenko
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Novorossiyskaya Str. 39, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Elena Sokolova
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Novorossiyskaya Str. 39, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Denis Babkov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Novorossiyskaya Str. 39, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Alexander Spasov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Novorossiyskaya Str. 39, 400087 Volgograd, Russia
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Liu T, Xu G, Liang L, Xiao X, Zhao Y, Bai Z. Pharmacological effects of Chinese medicine modulating NLRP3 inflammasomes in fatty liver treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:967594. [PMID: 36160411 PMCID: PMC9492967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.967594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key contributing factor in the pathogenesis of fatty liver diseases (FLD), such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-associated liver diseases (ALDs). The NLRP3 inflammasome is widely present in the hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, which are assembled and activated by sensing intracellular and extracellular danger signals resulting in the matures of IL-1β/IL-18 and pyroptosis. Moreover, the aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is considered the main factor to drives immune outbreaks in relation to hepatic injury, inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Therefore, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising therapeutic target for FLD. Currently, accumulating evidence has revealed that a number of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) exert beneficial effects on liver injury via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we summarized the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the progression of FLD, and TCM exerts beneficial effects on FLD via positive modulation of inflammation. We describe that TCM is a promising valuable resource for the prevention and treatment agents against FLD and has the potential to be developed into clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Guizhou, China
| | - Guang Xu
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaofang Bai, ; Guang Xu, ; Yanling Zhao,
| | - Longxin Liang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaofang Bai, ; Guang Xu, ; Yanling Zhao,
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaofang Bai, ; Guang Xu, ; Yanling Zhao,
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Jin X, Zhen Z, Wang Z, Gao X, Li M. GPRC6A is a key mediator of palmitic acid regulation of lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1747-1758. [PMID: 35979663 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) can promote lipid synthesis in the mammary gland via stimulating lipogenic gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. Here, we showed the dose-dependent effects of palmitic acid (PA) on lipid synthesis in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and explored the corresponding molecular mechanism. BMECs were treated with PA (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM), and the 100 μM treatment had the best stimulatory effect on lipid synthesis and expression and maturation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) in cells. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) almost totally blocked the stimulation of PA on SREBP-1c expression, whereas protein kinase Cα (PKCα) knockdown only partially decreased the stimulation of PA on SREBP-1c expression but abolished the stimulation of PA on its maturation. Knockdown of GPR120 did not change the stimulation of PA on the SREBP-1c signaling. G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) knockdown almost totally blocked the stimulation of FA on PI3K and PKCα phosphorylation as well as SREBP-1c expression and maturation. Furthermore, PA dose-dependently promoted GPRC6A expression and plasma membrane localization. Together, these above results reveal that GPRC6A is a key mediator of PA signaling to lipid synthesis in BMECs via the PI3K/PKCα-SREBP-1c pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Vieira C, Rebocho S, Craveiro R, Paiva A, Duarte ARC. Selective extraction and stabilization of bioactive compounds from rosemary leaves using a biphasic NADES. Front Chem 2022; 10:954835. [PMID: 36034659 PMCID: PMC9412766 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.954835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a natural source of bioactive compounds that have high antioxidant activity. It has been in use as a medicinal herb since ancient times, and it currently is in widespread use due to its inherent pharmacological and therapeutic potential, in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Natural deep eutectic systems (NADESs) have recently been considered as suitable extraction solvents for bioactive compounds, with high solvent power, low toxicity, biodegradability, and low environmental impact. The present work concerns the extraction of compounds such as rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid, and caffeic acid, from rosemary using NADESs. This extraction was carried out using heat and stirring (HS) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). A NADES composed of menthol and lauric acid at a molar ratio of 2:1 (Me:Lau) extracted carnosic acid and carnosol preferentially, showing that this NADES exhibits selectivity for nonpolar compounds. On the other hand, a system of lactic acid and glucose (LA:Glu (5:1)) extracted preferentially rosmaniric acid, which is a more polar compound. Taking advantage of the different polarities of these NADESs, a simultaneous extraction was carried out, where the two NADESs form a biphasic system. The system LA:Glu (5:1)/Men:Lau (2:1) presented the most promising results, reaching 1.00 ± 0.12 mg of rosmarinic acid/g rosemary and 0.26 ± 0.04 mg caffeic acid/g rosemary in the more polar phase and 2.30 ± 0.18 mg of carnosol/g of rosemary and 17.54 ± 1.88 mg carnosic acid/g rosemary in the nonpolar phase. This work reveals that is possible to use two different systems at the same time and extract different compounds in a single-step process under the same conditions. NADESs are also reported to stabilize bioactive compounds, due to their interactions established with NADES components. To determine the stability of the extracts over time, the compounds of interest were quantified by HPLC at different time points. This allows the conclusion that bioactive compounds from rosemary were stable in NADESs for long periods of time; in particular, carnosic acid presented a decrease of only 25% in its antioxidant activity after 3 months, whereas the carnosic acid extracted and kept in the methanol was no longer detected after 15 days. The stabilizing ability of NADESs to extract phenolic/bioactive compounds shows a great promise for future industrial applications.
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Huang Q, Xin X, Sun Q, An Z, Gou X, Feng Q. Plant-derived bioactive compounds regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome to treat NAFLD. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896899. [PMID: 36016562 PMCID: PMC9396216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of hepatic fat and inflammatory response with complex pathogenesis. Over activation of the pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, induces pyroptosis, and promotes the release of a large number of pro-inflammatory proteins. All of which contribute to the development of NAFLD. There is a great deal of evidence indicating that plant-derived active ingredients are effective and safe for NAFLD management. This review aims to summarize the research progress of 31 active plant-derived components (terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols) that alleviate lipid deposition, inflammation, and pyroptosis by acting on the NLRP3 inflammasome studied in both in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models. These studies confirmed that the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related genes play a key role in NAFLD amelioration, providing a starting point for further study on the correlation of plant-derived compounds treatment with the NLRP3 inflammasome and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - QinMei Sun
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziming An
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Feng,
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Multi-Target Effects of ß-Caryophyllene and Carnosic Acid at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061199. [PMID: 35740096 PMCID: PMC9220155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are interlinked and interdependent processes involved in many chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Emerging evidence indicates that many phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have the potential to ameliorate the disease phenotypes. In this scenario, ß-caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene, and carnosic acid (CA), an ortho-diphenolic diterpene, were demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as neuroprotective and mitoprotective effects in different in vitro and in vivo models. BCP essentially promotes its effects by acting as a selective agonist and allosteric modulator of cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R). CA is a pro-electrophilic compound that, in response to oxidation, is converted to its electrophilic form. This can interact and activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE transcription pathway, triggering the synthesis of endogenous antioxidant “phase 2” enzymes. However, given the nature of its chemical structure, CA also exhibits direct antioxidant effects. BCP and CA can readily cross the BBB and accumulate in brain regions, giving rise to neuroprotective effects by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting activated microglia, substantially through the activation of pro-survival signalling pathways, including regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, and molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial quality control. Findings from different in vitro/in vivo experimental models of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease reported the beneficial effects of both compounds, suggesting that their use in treatments may be a promising strategy in the management of neurodegenerative diseases aimed at maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and ameliorating glia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in Preclinical In Vivo Models of Inflammation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030609. [PMID: 35163873 PMCID: PMC8840442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in preclinical in vivo models of inflammation. A search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with related keywords. The inclusion criteria were inflammation, plant, and studies on rats or mice; while, the exclusion criteria were reviews, studies with in vitro models, and associated plants. The predominant animal models were paw edema, acute liver injury, and asthma. Rosemary was more commonly used in its entirety than in compounds, and the prevalent methods of extraction were maceration and hydrodistillation. The most common routes of administration reported were gavage, intraperitoneal, and oral, on a route-dependent dosage. Treatment took place daily, or was single-dose, on average for 21 days, and it more often started before the induction. The most evaluated biomarkers were tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The best results emerged at a dose of 60 mg/kg, via IP of carnosic acid, a dose of 400 mg/kg via gavage of Rosmarinus officinalis, and a dose of 10 mg/kg via IP of rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinus officinalis L. showed anti-inflammatory activity before and after induction of treatments.
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Carnosic Acid Attenuates the Free Fatty Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Muscle Cells and Adipocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010167. [PMID: 35011728 PMCID: PMC8750606 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood free fatty acids (FFAs), as seen in obesity, impair insulin action leading to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several serine/threonine kinases including JNK, mTOR, and p70 S6K cause serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and have been implicated in insulin resistance. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increases glucose uptake, and in recent years, AMPK has been viewed as an important target to counteract insulin resistance. We reported previously that carnosic acid (CA) found in rosemary extract (RE) and RE increased glucose uptake and activated AMPK in muscle cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of CA on palmitate-induced insulin-resistant L6 myotubes and 3T3L1 adipocytes. Exposure of cells to palmitate reduced the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, GLUT4 transporter levels on the plasma membrane, and Akt activation. Importantly, CA attenuated the deleterious effect of palmitate and restored the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the activation of Akt, and GLUT4 levels. Additionally, CA markedly attenuated the palmitate-induced phosphorylation/activation of JNK, mTOR, and p70S6K and activated AMPK. Our data indicate that CA has the potential to counteract the palmitate-induced muscle and fat cell insulin resistance.
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Kim JY, Hong HL, Kim GM, Leem J, Kwon HH. Protective Effects of Carnosic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247589. [PMID: 34946671 PMCID: PMC8705858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important medical problem worldwide, but current treatments are limited. During sepsis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates various signaling pathways involved in multiorgan failure. Carnosic acid is a natural phenolic diterpene and has multiple bioactivities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. However, the effect of carnosic acid on septic AKI has not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether carnosic acid has a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced kidney injury. Administration of carnosic acid after LPS injection ameliorated histological abnormalities and renal dysfunction. Cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, and nuclear factor-κB activation after LPS injection were also alleviated by carnosic acid. The compound suppressed oxidative stress with the modulation of pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Tubular cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation were also inhibited by carnosic acid. These data suggest that carnosic acid ameliorates LPS-induced AKI via inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and could serve as a useful treatment agent for septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Lim Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Gyun Moo Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.H.K.)
| | - Hyun Hee Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.H.K.)
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Nair DS, Niharika D, Madhavan A, Sharma S, Joshi AKR. Recent updates on antidiabetic and antiobesity potential of carnosic acid. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1476-1481. [PMID: 34803556 PMCID: PMC8600157 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diya S Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
| | - Digumarthy Niharika
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
| | - Aishwariya Madhavan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
| | - Apurva Kumar Ramesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
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An Exploration of the Effects of an Early Postpartum Intravenous Infusion with Carnosic Acid on Physiological Responses of Transition Dairy Cows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091478. [PMID: 34573111 PMCID: PMC8466393 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in rosemary plants (Salvia rosmarinus) named carnosic acid during the transition period of dairy cows. From day 1 to 3 after calving, 16 multiparous Holstein cows received a daily intravenous infusion of either 500 mL of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Saline; n = 8) or carnosic acid at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg of BW supplied in 500 mL of saline (CA; n = 8). Blood samples were taken at –7, 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition, then analyzed for metabolites related to energy metabolism, muscle mass catabolism, liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. CA infusion tended to improve milk performance; however, DMI was unaffected by treatment. At 2 d relative to parturition, CA cows had lower blood concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, FRAP, and NO2– than saline cows. After treatment infusions, haptoglobin remained lower in CA cows than saline at 5 d relative to parturition. Our results demonstrate that carnosic acid promoted positive responses on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers and may promote beneficial effects on lactation performance in peripartal dairy cows.
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Etsassala NGER, Cupido CN, Iwuoha EI, Hussein AA. Abietane Diterpenes as Potential Candidates for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:2885-2891. [PMID: 32228419 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200331082917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the most common metabolic disorders with an elevated morbidity and mortality rate. It is characterised by a deficiency in insulin secretion or degradation of secreted insulin. Many internal and external factors, such as oxidative stress, obesity and sedentary lifestyle, among others, have been suggested as the major causes of these cell alterations. Diabetes I and II are the most common types of diabetes. Treatment of type I requires insulin injection, while type II can be managed using different synthetic antidiabetic agents. However, their effectiveness is limited as a result of low bioavailability, high cost of drug production, and unfavourable side effects. There is a great need to develop alternative and more active antidiabetic drugs from natural sources. Different forms of natural products have been used since time immemorial as a source of medicine for the purpose of curing numerous human diseases, including diabetes. Secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and several other constituents have direct and indirect roles in controlling such diseases; among them, abietane diterpenes have been reported to display a broad spectrum of promising biological activities including diabetes. This review aimed to summarize existing data from SciFinder (2005-2018) on the biological importance of abietane diterpenes in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and closely related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon G E R Etsassala
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Christopher N Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel I Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd. Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Colson C, Batrow PL, Gautier N, Rochet N, Ailhaud G, Peiretti F, Amri EZ. The Rosmarinus Bioactive Compound Carnosic Acid Is a Novel PPAR Antagonist That Inhibits the Browning of White Adipocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112433. [PMID: 33171828 PMCID: PMC7695189 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic brown and brite adipocytes convert chemical energy from nutrients into heat. Therapeutics that regulate brown adipocyte recruitment and activity represent interesting strategies to control fat mass such as in obesity or cachexia. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family plays key roles in the maintenance of adipose tissue and in the regulation of thermogenic activity. Activation of these receptors induce browning of white adipocyte. The purpose of this work was to characterize the role of carnosic acid (CA), a compound used in traditional medicine, in the control of brown/brite adipocyte formation and function. We used human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells differentiated into white or brite adipocytes. The expression of key marker genes was determined using RT-qPCR and western blotting. We show here that CA inhibits the browning of white adipocytes and favors decreased gene expression of thermogenic markers. CA treatment does not affect β-adrenergic response. Importantly, the effects of CA are fully reversible. We used transactivation assays to show that CA has a PPARα/γ antagonistic action. Our data pinpoint CA as a drug able to control PPAR activity through an antagonistic effect. These observations shed some light on the development of natural PPAR antagonists and their potential effects on thermogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Colson
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Pierre-Louis Batrow
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Nadine Gautier
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Nathalie Rochet
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Gérard Ailhaud
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-493-37-70-82; Fax: +33-493-81-70-58
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Islam MT, Bardaweel SK, Mubarak MS, Koch W, Gaweł-Beben K, Antosiewicz B, Sharifi-Rad J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Diterpenes and Their Derivatives Through NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572136. [PMID: 33101293 PMCID: PMC7546345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) inflammasomes are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of many diseases and disorders. Among NLRPs, the NLRP3 (in humans encoded by the NLRP3 gene) is expressed predominantly in macrophages as a component of the inflammasome and is associated with many diseases, including gout, type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, and neurological diseases and disorders. Diterpenes containing repeated isoprenoid units in their structure are a member of some essential oils that possess diverse biological activities and are becoming a landmark in the field of drug discovery and development. This review sketches a current scenario of diterpenes or their derivatives acting through NLRPs, especially NLRP3-associated pathways with anti-inflammatory effects. For this, a literature survey on the subject has been undertaken using a number of known databases with specific keywords. Findings from the aforementioned databases suggest that diterpenes and their derivatives can exert anti-inflammatory effects via NLRPs-related pathways. Andrographolide, triptolide, kaurenoic acid, carnosic acid, oridonin, teuvincenone F, and some derivatives of tanshinone IIA and phorbol have been found to act through NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. In conclusion, diterpenes and their derivatives could be one of the promising compounds for the treatment of NLRP3-mediated inflammatory diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Wojciech Koch
- Chair and Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Beben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Beata Antosiewicz
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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15
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Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Novel Abietane Diterpenes from Salvia africana-lutea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100421. [PMID: 31547166 PMCID: PMC6827013 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The re-investigation of a methanolic extract of Salvia africana-lutea collected from the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa (SA), afforded four new abietane diterpenes, namely 19-acetoxy-12-methoxycarnosic acid (1), 3β-acetoxy-7α-methoxyrosmanol (2), 19-acetoxy-7α-methoxyrosmanol (3), 19-acetoxy-12-methoxy carnosol (4), and two known named clinopodiolides A (5), and B (6), in addition to four known triterpenes, oleanolic, and ursolic acids (7, 8), 11,12-dehydroursolic acid lactone (9) and β-amyrin (10). The chemical structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was determined on the basis of one and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), ultra violet (UV), fourier transform infrared (IR), in comparison with literature data. The in vitro bio-evaluation against alpha-glucosidase showed strong inhibitory activities of 8, 10, and 7, with the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 11.3 ± 1.0, 17.1 ± 1.0 and 22.9 ± 2.0 µg/mL, respectively, while 7 demonstrated the strongest in vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory activity among the tested compounds with IC50 of 12.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL. Additionally, some of the compounds showed significant antioxidant capacities. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of S. africana-lutea is a rich source of terpenoids, especially abietane diterpenes, with strong antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities that can be helpful to modulate the redox status of the body and could therefore be an excellent candidate for the prevention of the development of diabetes, a disease where oxidase stress plays an important role.
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de Oliveira JR, Camargo SEA, de Oliveira LD. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) as therapeutic and prophylactic agent. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:5. [PMID: 30621719 PMCID: PMC6325740 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated around the world. Besides the therapeutic purpose, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. R. officinalis L. is constituted by bioactive molecules, the phytocompounds, responsible for implement several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antitumor and protective, inhibitory and attenuating activities. Thus, in vivo and in vitro studies were presented in this Review, approaching the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of R. officinalis L. on some physiological disorders caused by biochemical, chemical or biological agents. In this way, methodology, mechanisms, results, and conclusions were described. The main objective of this study was showing that plant products could be equivalent to the available medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 - Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 - Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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17
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Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Herbs and Supplements in Patients with NAFLD. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030080. [PMID: 30201879 PMCID: PMC6165515 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim is to review the efficacy of various herbs and supplements as a possible therapeutic option in the treatment and/or prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We performed a systematic review of medical literature using the PubMed Database by searching the chemical names of many common herbs and supplements with “AND (NAFLD or NASH)”. Studies and medical literature that discussed the roles and usage of herbs and supplements in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from inception until 20 June 2018 were reviewed. Many studies have claimed that the use of various herbs and supplements may improve disease endpoints and outcomes related to NAFLD and/or NASH. Improvement in liver function tests were noted. Amelioration or reduction of lobular inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis were also noted. However, well-designed studies demonstrating improved clinical outcomes are lacking. Furthermore, experts remain concerned about the lack of regulation of herbs/supplements and the need for further research on potential adverse effects and herb–drug interactions. In conclusion, preliminary data on several herbs have demonstrated promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-adipogenic properties that may help curtail the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy must be completed before widespread use can be recommended.
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