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Tang H, Li H, Li D, Peng J, Zhang X, Yang W. The Gut Microbiota of Pregnant Rats Alleviates Fetal Growth Restriction by Inhibiting the TLR9/MyD88 Pathway. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1213-1227. [PMID: 37416999 PMCID: PMC10580896 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2304.04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a prevalent obstetric condition. This study aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in regulating the inflammatory response and gut microbiota structure in FGR. An FGR animal model was established in rats, and ODN1668 and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were administered. Changes in gut microbiota structure were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was conducted. HTR-8/Svneo cells were treated with ODN1668 and HCQ to evaluate cell growth. Histopathological analysis was performed, and relative factor levels were measured. The results showed that FGR rats exhibited elevated levels of TLR9 and myeloid differentiating primary response gene 88 (MyD88). In vitro experiments demonstrated that TLR9 inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion. TLR9 upregulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α while downregulating IL-10. TLR9 activated the TARF3-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed HCQ reduced inflammation in FGR rats, and the relative cytokine expression followed a similar trend to that observed in vitro. TLR9 stimulated neutrophil activation. HCQ in FGR rats resulted in changes in the abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group at the family level and the abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Bacteroides at the genus level. TLR9 and associated inflammatory factors were correlated with Bacteroides, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group. FMT from FGR rats interfered with the therapeutic effects of HCQ. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TLR9 regulates the inflammatory response and gut microbiota structure in FGR, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of FGR and suggesting potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hanmei Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Bruce MR, Couch ACM, Grant S, McLellan J, Ku K, Chang C, Bachman A, Matson M, Berman RF, Maddock RJ, Rowland D, Kim E, Ponzini MD, Harvey D, Taylor SL, Vernon AC, Bauman MD, Van de Water J. Altered behavior, brain structure, and neurometabolites in a rat model of autism-specific maternal autoantibody exposure. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2136-2147. [PMID: 36973347 PMCID: PMC10575787 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune dysregulation is a prenatal risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Importantly, a clinically relevant connection exists between inflammation and metabolic stress that can result in aberrant cytokine signaling and autoimmunity. In this study we examined the potential for maternal autoantibodies (aAbs) to disrupt metabolic signaling and induce neuroanatomical changes in the brains of exposed offspring. To accomplish this, we developed a model of maternal aAb exposure in rats based on the clinical phenomenon of maternal autoantibody-related ASD (MAR-ASD). Following confirmation of aAb production in rat dams and antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) transfer to offspring, we assessed offspring behavior and brain structure longitudinally. MAR-ASD rat offspring displayed a reduction in pup ultrasonic vocalizations and a pronounced deficit in social play behavior when allowed to freely interact with a novel partner. Additionally, longitudinal in vivo structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) at postnatal day 30 (PND30) and PND70, conducted in a separate cohort of animals, revealed sex-specific differences in total and regional brain volume. Treatment-specific effects by region appeared to converge on midbrain and cerebellar structures in MAR-ASD offspring. Simultaneously, in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) data were collected to examine brain metabolite levels in the medial prefrontal cortex. Results showed that MAR-ASD offspring displayed decreased levels of choline-containing compounds and glutathione, accompanied by increased taurine compared to control animals. Overall, we found that rats exposed to MAR-ASD aAbs present with alterations in behavior, brain structure, and neurometabolites; reminiscent of findings observed in clinical ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Bruce
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amalie C M Couch
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Janna McLellan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christina Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Angelica Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Matson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Berman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Maddock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Rowland
- Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew D Ponzini
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sandra L Taylor
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Zinni M, Pansiot J, Colella M, Faivre V, Delahaye-Duriez A, Guillonneau F, Bruce J, Salnot V, Mairesse J, Knoop M, Possovre ML, Vaiman D, Baud O. Impact of Fetal Growth Restriction on the Neonatal Microglial Proteome in the Rat. Nutrients 2021; 13:3719. [PMID: 34835975 PMCID: PMC8624771 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation is a key modulator of brain vulnerability in response to intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). However, the consequences of IUGR on microglial development and the microglial proteome are still unknown. We used a model of IUGR induced by a gestational low-protein diet (LPD) in rats. Microglia, isolated from control and growth-restricted animals at P1 and P4, showed significant changes in the proteome between the two groups. The expression of protein sets associated with fetal growth, inflammation, and the immune response were significantly enriched in LPD microglia at P1 and P4. Interestingly, upregulation of protein sets associated with the oxidative stress response and reactive oxygen species production was observed at P4 but not P1. During development, inflammation-associated proteins were upregulated between P1 and P4 in both control and LPD microglia. By contrast, proteins associated with DNA repair and senescence pathways were upregulated in only LPD microglia. Similarly, protein sets involved in protein retrograde transport were significantly downregulated in only LPD microglia. Overall, these data demonstrate significant and multiple effects of LPD-induced IUGR on the developmental program of microglial cells, leading to an abnormal proteome within the first postnatal days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zinni
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (V.F.); (A.D.-D.)
| | - Julien Pansiot
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (V.F.); (A.D.-D.)
| | - Marina Colella
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (V.F.); (A.D.-D.)
| | - Valérie Faivre
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (V.F.); (A.D.-D.)
| | - Andrée Delahaye-Duriez
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (V.F.); (A.D.-D.)
- UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - François Guillonneau
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 3P5 Proteom’IC Facility, Université de Paris, 22 rue Méchain, F-75014 Paris, France; (F.G.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Johanna Bruce
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 3P5 Proteom’IC Facility, Université de Paris, 22 rue Méchain, F-75014 Paris, France; (F.G.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Virginie Salnot
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 3P5 Proteom’IC Facility, Université de Paris, 22 rue Méchain, F-75014 Paris, France; (F.G.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Jérôme Mairesse
- Laboratory of Child Growth and Development, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (M.K.); (M.-L.P.)
| | - Marit Knoop
- Laboratory of Child Growth and Development, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (M.K.); (M.-L.P.)
| | - Marie-Laure Possovre
- Laboratory of Child Growth and Development, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (M.K.); (M.-L.P.)
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France;
| | - Olivier Baud
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (J.P.); (M.C.); (V.F.); (A.D.-D.)
- Laboratory of Child Growth and Development, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.M.); (M.K.); (M.-L.P.)
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Bartho LA, Fisher JJ, Cuffe JSM, Perkins AV. Mitochondrial transformations in the aging human placenta. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E981-E994. [PMID: 32954826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00354.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in homeostasis and are central to one of the leading hypotheses of aging, the free radical theory. Mitochondria function as a reticulated network, constantly adapting to the cellular environment through fusion (joining), biogenesis (formation of new mitochondria), and fission (separation). This adaptive response is particularly important in response to oxidative stress, cellular damage, and aging, when mitochondria are selectively removed through mitophagy, a mitochondrial equivalent of autophagy. During this complex process, mitochondria influence surrounding cell biology and organelles through the release of signaling molecules. Given that the human placenta is a unique organ having a transient and somewhat defined life span of ∼280 days, any adaption or dysfunction associated with mitochondrial physiology as a result of aging will have a dramatic impact on the health and function of both the placenta and the fetus. Additionally, a defective placenta during gestation, resulting in reduced fetal growth, has been shown to influence the development of chronic disease in later life. In this review we focus on the mitochondrial adaptions and transformations that accompany gestational length and share similarities with age-related diseases. In addition, we discuss the role of such changes in regulating placental function throughout gestation, the etiology of gestational complications, and the development of chronic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Bartho
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James S M Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony V Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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