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Xiong S, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Liu J, Yao C, Huang J. NORAD accelerates skin wound healing through extracellular vesicle transfer from hypoxic adipose derived stem cells: miR-524-5p pathway and Pumilio protein mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135621. [PMID: 39276896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a multifaceted biological process that encompasses a variety of cell types and intricate signaling pathways. Recent research has uncovered that exosomes derived from adipose stem cells, commonly referred to as ADSC exosomes, play a crucial role in facilitating the healing process. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that an anoxic, or low-oxygen, environment significantly enhances the effectiveness of these exosomes in promoting skin repair. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms through which ADSC exosomes contribute to Skin wound healing, particularly by regulating the long non-coding RNA known as NORAD under hypoxic conditions. A significant focus of our research was to examine the interplay between the microRNA miR-524-5p and the Pumilio protein, as we aimed to understand how these molecular interactions might influence the overall healing process. In this study, ADSC exosomes were extracted by simulating hypoxia in vitro and their effects on the proliferation and migration of skin fibroblasts (FB) were evaluated. The expression levels of NORAD, miR-524-5p and Pumilio were analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Pumilio protein was silenced by siRNA technique to evaluate its role in ADSC exosome-mediated wound healing. The experimental results showed that under hypoxia conditions, NORAD levels in ADSC exosomes increased significantly and could effectively regulate the expression of miR-524-5p. After Pumilio protein silencing, the proliferation and migration ability of fibroblasts were significantly reduced, indicating that Pumilio protein played a role in the process of wound healing. By inhibiting miR-524-5p, the expression of Pumilio protein was restored, further confirming its regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xiong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Plastic Surgery Department, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, No.41 Xibei Street, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province 315099, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Zhijie Zhao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Chang Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Jinlong Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210000, China.
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Jezernik G, Glavač D, Skok P, Krušič M, Potočnik U, Gorenjak M. Discovery of Novel Biomarkers with Extended Non-Coding RNA Interactor Networks from Genetic and Protein Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10210. [PMID: 39337694 PMCID: PMC11432684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Curated online interaction databases and gene ontology tools have streamlined the analysis of highly complex gene/protein networks. However, understanding of disease pathogenesis has gradually shifted from a protein-based core to complex interactive networks where non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is thought to play an essential role. As current gene ontology is based predominantly on protein-level information, there is a growing need to analyze networks with ncRNA. In this study, we propose a gene ontology workflow integrating ncRNA using the NPInter V5.0 database. To validate the proposed workflow, we analyzed our previously published curated biomarker datasets for hidden disease susceptibility processes and pharmacogenomics. Our results show a novel involvement of melanogenesis in psoriasis response to biological drugs in general. Hyperpigmentation has been previously observed in psoriasis following treatment with currently indicated biological drugs, thus calling attention to melanogenesis research as a response biomarker in psoriasis. Moreover, our proposed workflow highlights the need to critically evaluate computed ncRNA interactions within databases and a demand for gene ontology analysis of large miRNA blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Jezernik
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (U.P.); (M.G.)
- National-Level Institute for Sustainable Environmental Solutions, Jadranska cesta 28, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Glavač
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (U.P.); (M.G.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pavel Skok
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Martina Krušič
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (U.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (U.P.); (M.G.)
- Department for Science and Research, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (U.P.); (M.G.)
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Papakonstantinou E, Dragoumani K, Mataragka A, Bacopoulou F, Yapijakis C, Balatsos NA, Pissaridi K, Ladikos D, Eftymiadou A, Katsaros G, Gikas E, Hatzis P, Samiotaki M, Aivaliotis M, Megalooikonomou V, Giannakakis A, Iliopoulos C, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Kossida S, Eliopoulos E, Chrousos GP, Vlachakis D. Fingerprinting Breast Milk; insights into Milk Exosomics. EMBNET.JOURNAL 2024; 29:e1048. [PMID: 38845752 PMCID: PMC11155295 DOI: 10.14806/ej.29.0.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Breast milk, often referred to as "liquid gold," is a complex biofluid that provides essential nutrients, immune factors, and developmental cues for newborns. Recent advancements in the field of exosome research have shed light on the critical role of exosomes in breast milk. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that carry bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and miRNAs. These tiny messengers play a vital role in intercellular communication and are now being recognized as key players in infant health and development. This paper explores the emerging field of milk exosomics, emphasizing the potential of exosome fingerprinting to uncover valuable insights into the composition and function of breast milk. By deciphering the exosomal cargo, we can gain a deeper understanding of how breast milk influences neonatal health and may even pave the way for personalized nutrition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dragoumani
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Mataragka
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Aa Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | - Aspasia Eftymiadou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - George Katsaros
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis Aivaliotis
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Megalooikonomou
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Antonis Giannakakis
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Molecular Diagnostics and Modern Therapeutics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Costas Iliopoulos
- School of Informatics, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Kossida
- IMGT, the international ImMunoGenetics information system, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine, (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- School of Informatics, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
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Kaeffer B. Human Breast Milk miRNAs: Their Diversity and Potential for Preventive Strategies in Nutritional Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16106. [PMID: 38003296 PMCID: PMC10671413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous miRNAs of breast milk are the products of more than 1000 nonprotein-coding genes, giving rise to mature small regulatory molecules of 19-25 nucleotides. They are incorporated in macromolecular complexes, loaded on Argonaute proteins, sequestrated in exosomes and lipid complexes, or present in exfoliated cells of epithelial, endothelial, or immune origins. Their expression is dependent on the stage of lactation; however, their detection depends on progress in RNA sequencing and the reappraisal of the definition of small RNAs. Some miRNAs from plants are detected in breast milk, opening the possibility of the stimulation of immune cells from the allergy repertoire. Each miRNA harbors a seeding sequence, which targets mRNAs, gene promoters, or long noncoding RNAs. Their activities depend on their bioavailability. Efficient doses of miRNAs are estimated to be roughly 100 molecules in the cytoplasm of target cells from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Each miRNA is included in networks of stimulation/inhibition/sequestration, driving the expression of cellular phenotypes. Three types of stress applied during lactation to manipulate miRNA supply were explored using rodent offspring: a foster mother, a cafeteria diet, and early weaning. This review presents the main mature miRNAs described from current mothers' cohorts and their bioavailability in experimental models as well as studies assessing the potential of miR-26 or miR-320 miRNA families to alter offspring phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Kaeffer
- Nantes Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
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Kim NH, Kim J, Lee JY, Bae HA, Kim CY. Application of Milk Exosomes for Musculoskeletal Health: Talking Points in Recent Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4645. [PMID: 37960298 PMCID: PMC10647311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a nutrient-rich food source, and among the various milks, breast milk is a nutrient source provided by mothers to newborns in many mammals. Exosomes are nano-sized membranous extracellular vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes originate from endogenous synthesis and dietary sources such as milk. Discovered through electron microscopy as floating vesicles, the existence of exosomes in human milk was confirmed owing to a density between 1.10 and 1.18 g/mL in a sucrose gradient corresponding to the known density of exosomes and detection of MHC classes I and II, CD63, CD81, and CD86 on the vesicles. To date, milk exosomes have been used for treating many diseases, including cancers, and are widely proposed as promising carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. However, few studies on milk exosomes focus on geriatric health, especially sarcopenia and osteoporosis related to bone and muscle. Therefore, the present study focused on milk exosomes and their cargoes, which are potential candidates for dietary supplements, and when combined with drugs, they can be effective in treating musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts, including the definition, various sources, and cargoes of milk exosomes, and exosome isolation and characterization methods. Additionally, we review recent literature on the musculoskeletal system and milk exosomes. Since inflammation and oxidative stress underly musculoskeletal disorders, studies reporting the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of milk exosomes are also summarized. Finally, the therapeutic potential of milk exosomes in targeting muscle and bone health is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyung Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhae Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-A Bae
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Gialeli G, Panagopoulou O, Liosis G, Siahanidou T. Potential Epigenetic Effects of Human Milk on Infants' Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2023; 15:3614. [PMID: 37630804 PMCID: PMC10460013 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The advantages of human milk feeding, especially in preterm babies, are well recognized. Infants' feeding with breast milk lowers the likelihood of developing a diverse range of non-communicable diseases later in life and it is also associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although the precise mechanisms through which human milk feeding is linked with infants' neurodevelopment are still unknown, potential epigenetic effects of breast milk through its bioactive components, including non-coding RNAs, stem cells and microbiome, could at least partly explain this association. Micro- and long-non-coding RNAs, enclosed in milk exosomes, as well as breast milk stem cells, survive digestion, reach the circulation and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Certain non-coding RNAs potentially regulate genes implicated in brain development and function, whereas nestin-positive stem cells can possibly differentiate into neural cells or/and act as epigenetic regulators in the brain. Furthermore, breast milk microbiota contributes to the establishment of infant's gut microbiome, which is implicated in brain development via epigenetic modifications and key molecules' regulation. This narrative review provides an updated analysis of the relationship between breast milk feeding and infants' neurodevelopment via epigenetics, pointing out how breast milk's bioactive components could have an impact on the neurodevelopment of both full-term and preterm babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannoula Gialeli
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Ourania Panagopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Georgios Liosis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, “Elena Venizelou” General and Maternal Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Tania Siahanidou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (O.P.)
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The Low Endometrial Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA NORAD Is Associated with Recurrent Pregnancy Losses and Unexplained Infertility. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6448666. [PMID: 36276868 PMCID: PMC9584683 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6448666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective Unexplained infertility (UIF) or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects 10%-15% of couples in their reproductive years and is multifactorial and not completely elucidated. In this study, we attempt to determine the endometrial expression pattern of non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) in women with UIF and RPL, as well as its clinical significance. Methods The microarray dataset GSE165004 was used to identify differentially expressed RNAs in the endometrial samples between women with RPL and fertile women and between women with UIF and fertile women. A total of 142 women were included in this retrospective analysis, including 32 women with UIF, 48 women with RPL, and 62 fertile women. The relative expression level of NORAD in the endometrial tissues was quantified by qRT-PCR. Results NORAD stood out as an only overlapped lncRNA among differentially expressed RNAs in the endometrial samples between RPL and fertile women and between UIF and fertile women. It was showed that the endometrial tissues of UIF and RPL both were demonstrated with lower relative expression levels of NORAD (UIF: 2.09 ± 0.68; RPL: 1.98 ± 0.65) than the endometrial tissues of normal fertility (4.32 ± 1.04) (P < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the serum level of E2 was negatively correlated with the relative expression level of NORAD in the endometrial tissues of UIF (r = -0.630) and RPL (r = -0.696). Results of ROC curves showed that the endometrial expression of NORAD could be used to differentiate RPL and UIF with an AUC of 0.977 (95% CI: 0.956-0.999) and 0.970 (95% CI: 0.941-0.998), sensitivity of 0.873 and 0.955, and specificity of 0.845 and 0.948, respectively. Conclusion The findings obtained from the study showed that the low endometrial expression of NORAD was linked to fertility-related problems, such as UIF and RPL.
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Hepatitis Viruses Control Host Immune Responses by Modifying the Exosomal Biogenesis Pathway and Cargo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810862. [PMID: 36142773 PMCID: PMC9505460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of smart immune evasion mechanisms is crucial for the establishment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatitis is a major health problem worldwide arising from different causes, such as pathogens, metabolic disorders, and xenotoxins, with the five hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV) representing the majority of the cases. Most of the hepatitis viruses are considered enveloped. Recently, it was reported that the non-enveloped HAV and HEV are, in reality, quasi-enveloped viruses exploiting exosomal-like biogenesis mechanisms for budding. Regardless, all hepatitis viruses use exosomes to egress, regulate, and eventually escape from the host immune system, revealing another key function of exosomes apart from their recognised role in intercellular communication. This review will discuss how the hepatitis viruses exploit exosome biogenesis and transport capacity to establish successful infection and spread. Then, we will outline the contribution of exosomes in viral persistence and liver disease progression.
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Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Biological System with Clinical Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152345. [PMID: 35954189 PMCID: PMC9367292 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of human milk by a breastfeeding infant is associated with positive health outcomes, including lower risk of diarrheal disease, respiratory disease, otitis media, and in later life, less risk of chronic disease. These benefits may be mediated by antibodies, glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and leukocytes. More recently, human milk extracellular vesicles (hMEVs) have been identified. HMEVs contain functional cargos, i.e., miRNAs and proteins, that may transmit information from the mother to promote infant growth and development. Maternal health conditions can influence hMEV composition. This review summarizes hMEV biogenesis and functional contents, reviews the functional evidence of hMEVs in the maternal–infant health relationship, and discusses challenges and opportunities in hMEV research.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MDEVs) are nanovesicles that carry microRNA (miRNA) DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. MDEVs have a potential of therapeutic targets, based on their properties and cargo profile. The present review summarizes recent studies on MDEVs, their cargo and potential role in mammalian development. RECENT FINDINGS The detailed characterization of their miRNA cargo leads to the conclusion of their potential importance in the regulation of gene expression, immune function, development and infant growth.While their miRNAs are important regulatory elements and their profile expression was characterized in various mammalian milk sources, little is known about their effect on infant health and development. MiRNA activity in breast milk is likely influenced by the overall ecosystem of the early environment, including maternal characteristics, behaviors, and health. SUMMARY MDEVs may have an important role in early child development and infant future health. Understanding benefits of MDEVs characteristics have potential role on gut maturation, immune system development and the prevention of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Golan-Gerstl
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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