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Bao L, Sun K, Zhang X. PANX1 is a potential prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A pan-cancer analysis. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:680-696. [PMID: 34796785 PMCID: PMC8632293 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.2004758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel is a critical ATP-releasing pathway that modulates tumor immunity, progression, and prognosis. However, the roles of PANX1 in different cancers remain unclear. We analyzed the expression of PANX1 in human pan-cancer in the Oncomine and GEPIA2.0 databases. The prognostic value of PANX1 expression was determined using Kaplan-Meier plotter and OncoLnc tools. The correlation between PANX1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was investigated using the TIMER 2.0. In addition, the relationship between PANX1 and immunomodulators was explored using TISIDB. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed utilizing LinkedOmics. The results indicated that PANX1 was overexpressed in most cancers compared to normal tissues. The high expression of PANX1 was associated with poor prognosis in multiple tumors, especially in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). In addition, PANX1 was correlated with a variety of immunomodulators, such as CD274, IL10, CD276, IL2RA, TAP1, and TAP2. PANX1 expression level was significantly related to infiltration of multiple immune cells in many cancers, including cancer associated fibroblast, macrophage, and neutrophil cells. Further analysis revealed that PANX1 was significantly associated with T cells CD8+ (rho = 0.524, P = 1.94e-13) and Myeloid dendritic cell (rho = 0.564, P = 9.45e-16). GSEA results showed that PANX1 was closely associated with leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, ECM-receptor interaction, and Focal adhesion pathways in PAAD. PANX1 expression was higher in pan-cancer samples than in normal tissues. The high expression of PANX1 was associated with poor outcome and immune infiltration in multiple cancers, especially in PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Bao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuede Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Natural products and other inhibitors of F 1F O ATP synthase. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112779. [PMID: 32942072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
F1FO ATP synthase is responsible for the production of >95% of all ATP synthesis within the cell. Dysregulation of its expression, activity or localization is linked to various human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In addition, ATP synthase is a novel and viable drug target for the development of antimicrobials as evidenced by bedaquiline, which was approved in 2012 for the treatment of tuberculosis. Historically, natural products have been a rich source of ATP synthase inhibitors that help unravel the role of F1FO ATP synthase in cellular bioenergetics. During the last decade, new modulators of ATP synthase have been discovered through the isolation of novel natural products as well as through a ligand-based drug design process. In addition, new data has been obtained with regards to the structure and function of ATP synthase under physiological and pathological conditions. Crystal structure studies have provided a significant insight into the rotary function of the enzyme and may provide additional opportunities to design a new generation of inhibitors. This review provides an update on recently discovered ATP synthase modulators as well as an update on existing scaffolds.
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3
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Xu Z, Chen J, Cai J, Xiao Y, Wang Q, Chen S, Zhang L, Wu Z. Mitochondrial ATP synthase regulates corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cell function in vivo and in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3497-3504. [PMID: 32346410 PMCID: PMC7185181 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels are closely associated with diabetes-related erectile dysfunction (DMED). Mitochondrial ATP synthase serves a key role in ATP production. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between F1-ATP synthase and DMED in vivo and in vitro. The F1-ATP synthase expression levels in corpus cavernosum tissues from rats with DMED were examined. F1-ATP synthase expression was found to be lower in corpus cavernosum tissues from rats with DMED compared with healthy controls, suggesting a role for ATP synthase under high glucose conditions. In addition, the present study also demonstrated that hyperglycemia could downregulate F1-ATP synthase expression in rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in vitro. The overexpression of F1-ATP synthase in CCSMCs influenced the phenotypic CCSMC transformation, upregulated eNOS expression, increased cGMP levels and reduced CCSMC apoptosis under high glucose in vitro. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the upregulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase expression may improve CCSMC function, suggesting that mitochondrial ATP synthase could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of DMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Xu
- Department of Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jihao Chen
- Department of Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yunbei Xiao
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qinquan Wang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Shuowei Chen
- The Second Department of Medicine, Renji School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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4
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Sheibani N, Zaitoun IS, Wang S, Darjatmoko SR, Suscha A, Song YS, Sorenson CM, Shifrin V, Albert DM, Melgar-Asensio I, Kandela I, Henkin J. Inhibition of retinal neovascularization by a PEDF-derived nonapeptide in newborn mice subjected to oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2020; 195:108030. [PMID: 32272114 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a growing cause of lifelong blindness and visual defects as improved neonatal care worldwide increases survival in very-low-birthweight preterm newborns. Advancing ROP is managed by laser surgery or a single intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF, typically at 33-36 weeks gestational age. While newer methods of scanning and telemedicine improve monitoring ROP, the above interventions are more difficult to deliver in developing countries. There is also concern as to laser-induced detachment and adverse developmental effects in newborns of anti-VEGF treatment, spurring a search for alternative means of mitigating ROP. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a potent angiogenesis inhibitor appears late in gestation, is undetected in 25-28 week vitreous, but present at full term. Its absence may contribute to ROP upon transition from high-to-ambient oxygen environment or with intermittent hypoxia. We recently described antiangiogenic PEDF-derived small peptides which inhibit choroidal neovascularization, and suggested that their target may be laminin receptor, 67LR. The latter has been implicated in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR). Here we examined the effect of a nonapeptide, PEDF 336, in a newborn mouse OIR model. Neovascularization was significantly decreased in a dose-responsive manner by single intravitreal (IVT) injections of 1.25-7.5 μg/eye (1.0-6.0 nmol/eye). By contrast, anti-mouse VEGFA164 was only effective at 25 ng/eye, with limited dose-response. Combination of anti-VEGFA164 with PEDF 336 gave only the poorer anti-VEGF response while abrogating the robust inhibition seen with peptide-alone, suggesting a need for VEGF in sensitizing the endothelium to the peptide. VEGF stimulated 67LR presentation on endothelial cells, which was decreased in the presence of PEDF 336. Mouse and rabbit eyes showed no histopathology or inflammation after IVT peptide injection. Thus, PEDF 336 is a potential ROP therapeutic, but is not expected to be beneficial in combination with anti-VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ismail S Zaitoun
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shoujian Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Soesiawati R Darjatmoko
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Suscha
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Daniel M Albert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA
| | | | - Irawati Kandela
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jack Henkin
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Plebanek MP, Angeloni NL, Vinokour E, Li J, Henkin A, Martinez-Marin D, Filleur S, Bhowmick R, Henkin J, Miller SD, Ifergan I, Lee Y, Osman I, Thaxton CS, Volpert OV. Pre-metastatic cancer exosomes induce immune surveillance by patrolling monocytes at the metastatic niche. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1319. [PMID: 29105655 PMCID: PMC5673063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancers produce exosomes that condition pre-metastatic niches in remote microenvironments to favor metastasis. In contrast, here we show that exosomes from poorly metastatic melanoma cells can potently inhibit metastasis to the lung. These "non-metastatic" exosomes stimulate an innate immune response through the expansion of Ly6Clow patrolling monocytes (PMo) in the bone marrow, which then cause cancer cell clearance at the pre-metastatic niche, via the recruitment of NK cells and TRAIL-dependent killing of melanoma cells by macrophages. These events require the induction of the Nr4a1 transcription factor and are dependent on pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on the outer surface of exosomes. Importantly, exosomes isolated from patients with non-metastatic primary melanomas have a similar ability to suppress lung metastasis. This study thus demonstrates that pre-metastatic tumors produce exosomes, which elicit a broad range of PMo-reliant innate immune responses via trigger(s) of immune surveillance, causing cancer cell clearance at the pre-metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Plebanek
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Simpson-Querrey Institute for Bionantechnology in Medicine, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas L Angeloni
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Simpson-Querrey Institute for Bionantechnology in Medicine, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elena Vinokour
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Anna Henkin
- The Department for Health and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dalia Martinez-Marin
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Stephanie Filleur
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA
| | - Reshma Bhowmick
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Jack Henkin
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Igal Ifergan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yesung Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, Langone Medical Center, 160 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, Langone Medical Center, 160 East 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Simpson-Querrey Institute for Bionantechnology in Medicine, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern University International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Olga V Volpert
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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6
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Martinez-Marin D, Jarvis C, Nelius T, de Riese W, Volpert OV, Filleur S. PEDF increases the tumoricidal activity of macrophages towards prostate cancer cells in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174968. [PMID: 28403150 PMCID: PMC5389654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although inflammation and prostate cancer (PCa) have been linked, the molecular interactions between macrophages and PCa cells are poorly explored. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) is an anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor factor. We previously showed that PEDF induces macrophages recruitment in vitro, correlates with macrophages density in human prostate, and stimulates macrophages polarization towards the classically activated pathway. Here, we demonstrate that PEDF modulates the interaction between macrophages and PCa cells through a bidirectional signalling leading to tumor cell apoptosis and phagocytosis. Methods RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells, and BMDMs were grown in vitro as mono- or co-cultures with PC3 or CL1 tumor cells. The effects of PEDF and its derived P18 peptide were measured on macrophages differentiation, migration, and superoxide production, and tumor cell apoptosis and phagocytosis. PEDF receptors (ATP5B, PNPLA2, and LRP6) and CD47 mRNA and protein expression were quantified in macrophages and tumor cells by quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Results We found that PEDF induced the migration of macrophages towards tumor 3D spheroids and 2D cultures. In co-culture, PEDF increased PCa cells phagocytosis through an indirect apoptosis-dependent mechanism. Moreover, PEDF stimulated the production of superoxide by macrophages. Conditioned media from macrophages exposed to PEDF induced tumor cells apoptosis in contrast to control conditioned media suggesting that ROS may be involved in tumor cells apoptosis. ATP5B and PNPLA2 PEDF receptors on macrophages and CD47 on tumor cells were respectively up- and down-regulated by PEDF. As PEDF, blocking CD47 induced phagocytosis. Inhibiting ATP5B reduced phagocytosis. Inversely, PNPLA2 inhibition blocks differentiation but maintains phagocytosis. CD47-induced phagocytosis was partially reverted by ATP5B inhibition suggesting a complementary action. Similar effects were observed with P18 PEDF-derived peptide. Conclusions These data established that modulating the molecular interactions between macrophages and PCa cells using PEDF may be a promising strategy for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Martinez-Marin
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Courtney Jarvis
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas Nelius
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Werner de Riese
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Olga V. Volpert
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stéphanie Filleur
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen C, Liang H, Liao X, Pan J, Chen J, Zhao S, Xu Y, Wu Y, Ni J. A humanized chimeric antibody Hai178 targeted to the β subunit of F1F0 ATP synthase. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5423-1. [PMID: 27704358 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor vasculature is an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Angiostatin could suppress tumor growth and metastasis by binding and inhibiting F1F0 ATP synthase on the endothelial cell surface. We previously screened a monoclonal antibody (McAb, McAb178-5G10), which specifically bound to ATPase on the surface of cells and showed an angiostatin-like activity. Here, we further generated a panel of CHO-mAb subclone stable expressing a humanized chimeric antibody from hybridoma cell McAb178-5G10 by gene engineer. And then, we successfully expressed the humanized antibody Hai178 at high level in a 5-L wave bioreactor. The vitro results showed that Hai178 retained the specific binding and antitumor activity of murine antibody. Furthermore, Hai178 also had a tumor therapeutic effect in tumor xenografts. These results paved the way for Hai178 as a therapeutic antibody in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Translational Research Center, Second Hospital, The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xinmei Liao
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhe Chen
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Shibi Zhao
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Translational Research Center, Second Hospital, The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China.
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8
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Hu CW, Hsu CL, Wang YC, Ishihama Y, Ku WC, Huang HC, Juan HF. Temporal Phosphoproteome Dynamics Induced by an ATP Synthase Inhibitor Citreoviridin. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:3284-98. [PMID: 26503892 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citreoviridin, one of toxic mycotoxins derived from fungal species, can suppress lung cancer cell growth by inhibiting the activity of ectopic ATP synthase, but has limited effect on normal cells. However, the mechanism of citreoviridin triggering dynamic molecular responses in cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we performed temporal phosphoproteomics to elucidate the dynamic changes after citreoviridin treatment in cells and xenograft model. We identified a total of 829 phosphoproteins and demonstrated that citreoviridin treatment affects protein folding, cell cycle, and cytoskeleton function. Furthermore, response network constructed by mathematical modeling shows the relationship between the phosphorylated heat shock protein 90 β and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. This work describes that citreoviridin suppresses cancer cell growth and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling by site-specific dephosphorylation of HSP90AB1 on Serine 255 and provides perspectives in cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Hu
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- §Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- ¶Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- ‖Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- **School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- ¶Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; §Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; ‡‡Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; §§Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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9
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Kenealey J, Subramanian P, Comitato A, Bullock J, Keehan L, Polato F, Hoover D, Marigo V, Becerra SP. Small Retinoprotective Peptides Reveal a Receptor-binding Region on Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25241-53. [PMID: 26304116 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoprotective effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) require interactions between an as of a yet undefined region with a distinct ectodomain on the PEDF receptor (PEDF-R). Here we characterized the area in PEDF that interacts with PEDF-R to promote photoreceptor survival. Molecular docking studies suggested that the ligand binding site of PEDF-R interacts with the neurotrophic region of PEDF (44-mer, positions 78-121). Binding assays demonstrated that PEDF-R bound the 44-mer peptide. Moreover, peptide P1 from the PEDF-R ectodomain had affinity for the 44-mer and a shorter fragment within it, 17-mer (positions 98-114). Single residue substitutions to alanine along the 17-mer sequence were designed and tested for binding and biological activity. Altered 17-mer[R99A] did not bind to the P1 peptide, whereas 17-mer[H105A] had higher affinity than the unmodified 17-mer. Peptides 17-mer, 17-mer[H105A], and 44-mer exhibited cytoprotective effects in cultured retina R28 cells. Intravitreal injections of these peptides and PEDF in the rd1 mouse model of retinal degeneration decreased the numbers of dying photoreceptors, 17-mer[H105A] being most effective. The blocking peptide P1 hindered their protective effects both in retina cells and in vivo. Thus, in addition to demonstrating that the region composed of positions 98-114 of PEDF contains critical residues for PEDF-R interaction that mediates survival effects, the findings reveal distinct small PEDF fragments with neurotrophic effects on photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonella Comitato
- the Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy, and
| | - Jeanee Bullock
- From the National Eye Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. 20057
| | | | | | - David Hoover
- the Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Valeria Marigo
- the Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy, and
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PEDF and its roles in physiological and pathological conditions: implication in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:805-23. [PMID: 25881671 PMCID: PMC4557399 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a broadly expressed multifunctional member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family. This widely studied protein plays critical roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including neuroprotection, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis and inflammation. The present review summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of PEDF in a variety of developing and adult organs, and discusses its functions in maintaining physiological homoeostasis. The major focus of the present review is to discuss the implication of PEDF in diabetic and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, and the pathways mediating PEDF's effects under these conditions. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms of PEDF expression, function and degradation are also reviewed. Finally, the therapeutic potential of PEDF as an anti-angiogenic drug is briefly summarized.
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11
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Johnston EK, Francis MK, Knepper JE. Recombinant pigment epithelium-derived factor PEDF binds vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:730-8. [PMID: 25948043 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels, is stimulated by angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. To explore the mechanism by which PEDF acts, recombinant PEDF was expressed with a 6x-His tag (for purification) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag. The PEDF fusion protein was confirmed to be active in inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Direct binding of PEDF to both vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGFR-2 was demonstrated in an in vitro assay similar to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PEDF was shown by immune-confocal microscopy to be localized within treated endothelial cells. When VEGF-stimulated endothelial cells were incubated with PEDF the VEGF receptors showed intracellular localization. These data suggest that the interaction between PEDF and VEGFR-1 or VEGFR-2 may be a possible mechanism for inhibiting angiogenesis. PEDF may be binding to the VEGF receptors to promote their internalization and/or degradation to limit VEGF responses in treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Johnston
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharma R&D Quality and Compliance, 1400 McKean Road, Building 32-12334, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA,
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Joseph EK, Green PG, Levine JD. ATP release mechanisms of endothelial cell-mediated stimulus-dependent hyperalgesia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2014; 15:771-7. [PMID: 24793242 PMCID: PMC4264525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acts on endothelial cells to enhance mechanical stimulation-induced release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which in turn can act on sensory neurons innervating blood vessels to contribute to vascular pain, a phenomenon we have referred to as stimulus-dependent hyperalgesia (SDH). In the present study, we evaluated the role of the major classes of ATP release mechanisms to SDH: vesicular exocytosis, plasma membrane-associated ATP synthase, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and ion channels. Inhibitors of vesicular exocytosis (ie, monensin, brefeldin A, and bafilomycin), plasma membrane-associated ATPase (ie, oligomycin and pigment epithelium-derived factor peptide 34-mer), and connexin ion channels (carbenoxolone and flufenamic acid) but not ATP-binding cassette transporter (ie, dipyridamole, nicardipine, or CFTRinh-172) attenuated SDH. This study reports a role of ATP in SDH and suggests novel targets for the treatment of vascular pain syndromes. PERSPECTIVE ET-1 acts on endothelial cells to produce mechanical stimulation-induced hyperalgesia. Inhibitors of 3 different ATP release mechanisms attenuated this SDH. This study provides support for a role of ATP in SDH and suggests novel targets for the treatment of vascular pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Joseph
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul G Green
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jon D Levine
- Departments of Medicine and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Murphy-Ullrich JE, Sage EH. Revisiting the matricellular concept. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:1-14. [PMID: 25064829 PMCID: PMC4379989 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a matricellular protein was first proposed by Paul Bornstein in the mid-1990s to account for the non-lethal phenotypes of mice with inactivated genes encoding thrombospondin-1, tenascin-C, or SPARC. It was also recognized that these extracellular matrix proteins were primarily counter or de-adhesive. This review reappraises the matricellular concept after nearly two decades of continuous investigation. The expanded matricellular family as well as the diverse and often unexpected functions, cellular location, and interacting partners/receptors of matricellular proteins are considered. Development of therapeutic strategies that target matricellular proteins are discussed in the context of pathology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, United States.
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Subramanian P, Locatelli-Hoops S, Kenealey J, DesJardin J, Notari L, Becerra SP. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) prevents retinal cell death via PEDF Receptor (PEDF-R): identification of a functional ligand binding site. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23928-42. [PMID: 23818523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.487884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) displays retina survival activity by interacting with receptor proteins on cell surfaces. We have previously reported that PEDF binds and stimulates PEDF receptor (PEDF-R), a transmembrane phospholipase. However, the PEDF binding site of PEDF-R and its involvement in survival activity have not been identified. The purpose of this work is to identify a biologically relevant ligand-binding site on PEDF-R. PEDF bound the PEDF-R ectodomain L4 (Leu(159)-Met(325)) with affinity similar to the full-length PEDF-R (Met(1)-Leu(504)). Binding assays using synthetic peptides spanning L4 showed that PEDF selectively bound E5b (Ile(193)-Leu(232)) and P1 (Thr(210)-Leu(249)) peptides. Recombinant C-terminal truncated PEDF-R4 (Met(1)-Leu(232)) and internally truncated PEDF-R and PEDF-R4 (ΔHis(203)-Leu(232)) retained phospholipase activity of the full-length PEDF-R. However, PEDF-R polypeptides without the His(203)-Leu(232) region lost the PEDF affinity that stimulated their enzymatic activity. Cell surface labeling showed that PEDF-R is present in the plasma membranes of retina cells. Using siRNA to selectively knock down PEDF-R in retina cells, we demonstrated that PEDF-R is essential for PEDF-mediated cell survival and antiapoptotic activities. Furthermore, preincubation of PEDF with P1 and E5b peptides blocked the PEDF·PEDF-R-mediated retina cell survival activity, implying that peptide binding to PEDF excluded ligand-receptor interactions on the cell surface. Our findings establish that PEDF-R is required for the survival and antiapoptotic effects of PEDF on retina cells and has determinants for PEDF binding within its L4 ectodomain that are critical for enzymatic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Subramanian
- Section of Protein Structure and Function, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, NEI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Becerra SP, Notario V. The effects of PEDF on cancer biology: mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:258-71. [PMID: 23486238 PMCID: PMC3707632 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The potent actions of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on tumour-associated cells, and its extracellular localization and secretion, stimulated research on this multifunctional serpin. Such studies have identified several PEDF receptors and downstream signalling pathways. Known cellular PEDF responses have expanded from the initial discovery that PEDF induces retinoblastoma cell differentiation to its anti-angiogenic, antitumorigenic and antimetastatic properties. Although the diversity of PEDF activities seems to be complex, they are consistent with the varied mechanisms that regulate this multimodal factor. If PEDF is to be used for cancer management, a deeper appreciation of its many functions and mechanisms of action is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patricia Becerra
- National Eye Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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