1
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Hasanzadeh A, Ebadati A, Dastanpour L, Aref AR, Sahandi Zangabad P, Kalbasi A, Dai X, Mehta G, Ghasemi A, Fatahi Y, Joshi S, Hamblin MR, Karimi M. Applications of Innovation Technologies for Personalized Cancer Medicine: Stem Cells and Gene-Editing Tools. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1758-1779. [PMID: 38093832 PMCID: PMC10714436 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a new approach toward safer and even cheaper treatments with minimal side effects and toxicity. Planning a therapy based on individual properties causes an effective result in a patient's treatment, especially in a complex disease such as cancer. The benefits of personalized medicine include not only early diagnosis with high accuracy but also a more appropriate and effective therapeutic approach based on the unique clinical, genetic, and epigenetic features and biomarker profiles of a specific patient's disease. In order to achieve personalized cancer therapy, understanding cancer biology plays an important role. One of the crucial applications of personalized medicine that has gained consideration more recently due to its capability in developing disease therapy is related to the field of stem cells. We review various applications of pluripotent, somatic, and cancer stem cells in personalized medicine, including targeted cancer therapy, cancer modeling, diagnostics, and drug screening. CRISPR-Cas gene-editing technology is then discussed as a state-of-the-art biotechnological advance with substantial impacts on medical and therapeutic applications. As part of this section, the role of CRISPR-Cas genome editing in recent cancer studies is reviewed as a further example of personalized medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Arefeh Ebadati
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Lida Dastanpour
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Amir R. Aref
- Department
of Medical Oncology and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- School of
Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial
Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Rogel Cancer
Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Precision
Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Universal
Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14166, Iran
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical
Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research
Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University
of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation
Biology Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Oncopathology
Research Center, Iran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Research
Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Applied
Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14166, Iran
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Abstract
Gene therapy has started in the late 1980s as novel, clinically applicable therapeutic option. It revolutionized the treatment of genetic diseases with the initial intent to repair or replace defective genes. Gene therapy has been adapted for treatment of malignant diseases to improve the outcome of cancer patients. In fact, cancer gene therapy has rapidly gained great interest and evolved into a research field with highest proportion of research activities in gene therapy. In this context, cancer gene therapy has long entered translation into clinical trials and therefore more than two-thirds of all gene therapy trials worldwide are aiming at the treatment of cancer disease using different therapeutic strategies. During the decades in cancer gene therapy, tremendous knowledge has accumulated. This led to significant improvements in vector design, transgene repertoire, more targeted interventions, use of novel gene therapeutic technologies such as CRISPR/Cas, sleeping beauty vectors, and development of effective cancer immunogene therapies. In this chapter, a brief overview of current key developments in cancer gene therapy is provided to gain insights into the recent directions in research as well as in clinical application of cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kobelt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Deutsches Krebsforschungzentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Pahle
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Deutsches Krebsforschungzentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wei MP, Zhu XW, Yu H, Xie YF, Guo YH, Cheng YL, Qian H, Yao WR. Isolation of two sesquiterpene glycosides from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. with cytotoxic properties and analysis of their mechanism based on network pharmacology. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4323-4330. [PMID: 31960729 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1713120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The anti-tumor effects of two compounds purified from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (S. mukorossi.) on breast cancer in vitro were observed. Their chemical structures were identified as sesquiterpene glycosides, namely, Mukurozioside IIa and Mukurozioside IIb. The results of XTT assay indicated that their inhibition rates against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s) reached approximately 80% at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, which were higher than that of cyclophosphamide (below 40% at 200 μg/mL), and their 50% inhibiting concentrations were ranged from 120.73 to 154.01 μg/mL, indicating their inhibition were weaker than their parent fraction. Furthermore, the mechanism on breast cancer was predicted, and 22 targets including PTPN1, IL2 and VEGFA were relatively important. These results illustrated the anti-breast cancer activity of S. mukorossi was related to the two compounds with the structure of sesquiterpene glycosides, but they did not represent the full activity of their parent fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Liang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Rong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Stamatopoulos A, Stamatopoulos T, Gamie Z, Kenanidis E, Ribeiro RDC, Rankin KS, Gerrand C, Dalgarno K, Tsiridis E. Mesenchymal stromal cells for bone sarcoma treatment: Roadmap to clinical practice. J Bone Oncol 2019; 16:100231. [PMID: 30956944 PMCID: PMC6434099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis and progression, as it is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current management of large bone sarcomas typically includes the complex therapeutic approach of limb salvage or sacrifice combined with pre- and postoperative multidrug chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and is still associated with high recurrence rates. The development of cellular strategies against specific characteristics of tumour cells appears to be promising, as they can target cancer cells selectively. Recently, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the subject of significant research in orthopaedic clinical practice through their use in regenerative medicine. Further research has been directed at the use of MSCs for more personalized bone sarcoma treatments, taking advantage of their wide range of potential biological functions, which can be augmented by using tissue engineering approaches to promote healing of large defects. In this review, we explore the use of MSCs in bone sarcoma treatment, by analyzing MSCs and tumour cell interactions, transduction of MSCs to target sarcoma, and their clinical applications on humans concerning bone regeneration after bone sarcoma extraction.
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Key Words
- 5-FC, 5-fluorocytosine
- AAT, a1-antitrypsin
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- ASC, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells
- Abs, antibodies
- Ang1, angiopoietin-1
- BD, bone defect
- BMMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
- Biology
- Bone
- CAM, cell adhesion molecules
- CCL5, chemokine ligand 5
- CCR2, chemokine receptor 2
- CD, classification determinants
- CD, cytosine deaminase
- CLUAP1, clusterin associated protein 1
- CSPG4, Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4
- CX3CL1, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
- CXCL12/CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12/ C-X-C chemokine receptor 4
- CXCL12/CXCR7, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12/ C-X-C chemokine receptor 7
- CXCR4, chemokine receptor type 4
- Cell
- DBM, Demineralized Bone Marrow
- DKK1, dickkopf-related protein 1
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FGF-2, fibroblast growth factors-2
- FGF-7, fibroblast growth factors-7
- GD2, disialoganglioside 2
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HMGB1/RACE, high mobility group box-1 protein/ receptor for advanced glycation end-products
- IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- IFN-α, interferon alpha
- IFN-β, interferon beta
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-12, interleukin-12
- IL-18, interleukin-18
- IL-1b, interleukin-1b
- IL-21, interleukin-21
- IL-2a, interleukin-2a
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-8, interleukin-8
- IL11RA, Interleukin 11 Receptor Subunit Alpha
- MAGE, melanoma antigen gene
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2
- MMP2/9, matrix metalloproteinase-2/9
- MRP, multidrug resistance protein
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
- Mesenchymal
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- Orthopaedic
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDX, patient derived xenograft
- PEDF, pigment epithelium-derived factor
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K/Akt, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B
- PTX, paclitaxel
- RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- RBCs, red blood cells
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- Regeneration
- SC, stem cells
- SCF, stem cells factor
- SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor 1
- STAT-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Sarcoma
- Stromal
- TAAs, tumour-associated antigens
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-b, transforming growth factor beta
- TGF-b1, transforming growth factor beta 1
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- TNF-a, tumour necrosis factor alpha
- TRAIL, tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Tissue
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- WBCs, white blood cell
- hMSCs, human mesenchymal stromal cells
- rh-TRAIL, recombinant human tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Stamatopoulos
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodosios Stamatopoulos
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zakareya Gamie
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eustathios Kenanidis
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ricardo Da Conceicao Ribeiro
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Stephenson Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kenneth Samora Rankin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig Gerrand
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Kenneth Dalgarno
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Stephenson Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Huang Z, Xia L, Zhou X, Wei C, Mo Q. ALOX12 inhibition sensitizes breast cancer to chemotherapy via AMPK activation and inhibition of lipid synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:24-30. [PMID: 31014671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonate lipoxygenase12 (Alox12) and its metabolites 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) have been implicated in influencing tumor transformation and progression. In this study, we have systematically evaluated the expression, function and the downstream effectors of Alox12 in breast cancer using loss- and gain-of-function approaches. We demonstrated that both mRNA and protein levels of Alox12 were significantly increased in multiple breast cancer cell lines compared to normal breast cells. The upregulation of Alox12 expression was also observed in breast cancer tissues and their matched normal breast tissues obtained from patients. Functionally, we demonstrated that Alox12 overexpression was sufficient to stimulate growth in normal breast cells but not breast cancer cells. This also protects breast cancer cell from chemotherapy-induced growth arrest and apoptosis. In contrast, Alox12 depletion inhibited breast cancer growth and survival, and significantly enhanced the chemotherapeutic agents' efficacy. Mechanism studies showed that Alox12 depletion activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to the inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase1 (ACC1) enzyme activity and lipid synthesis. The recuse of the effects of Alox12 depletion using Alox12 metabolites 12S-HETE further confirmed that AMPK and its subsequent inhibition of ACC1 activity and lipid synthesis were the downstream signaling of Alox12 inhibition. Our findings highlighted the important role of Alox12 in breast cancer, particularly in response to chemotherapy. Our work also demonstrate that inhibiting Alox12 is a possible alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longjie Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Changyuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qinguo Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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6
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Kojima K, Miyoshi H, Nagoshi N, Kohyama J, Itakura G, Kawabata S, Ozaki M, Iida T, Sugai K, Ito S, Fukuzawa R, Yasutake K, Renault-Mihara F, Shibata S, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H. Selective Ablation of Tumorigenic Cells Following Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:260-270. [PMID: 30485733 PMCID: PMC6392358 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is an important problem that needs to be addressed in the field of human stem/progenitor cell transplantation for the treatment of subacute spinal cord injury (SCI). When certain “tumorigenic” cell lines are transplanted into the spinal cord of SCI mice model, there is initial improvement of motor function, followed by abrupt deterioration secondary to the effect of tumor growth. A significant proportion of the transplanted cells remains undifferentiated after transplantation and is thought to increase the risk of tumorigenesis. In this study, using lentiviral vectors, we introduced the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene into a human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural stem/progenitor cell (hiPSC‐NS/PC) line that is known to undergo tumorigenic transformation. Such approach enables selective ablation of the immature proliferating cells and thereby prevents subsequent tumor formation. In vitro, the HSVtk system successfully ablated the immature proliferative neural cells while preserving mature postmitotic neuronal cells. Similar results were observed in vivo following transplantation into the injured spinal cords of immune‐deficient (nonobese diabetic–severe combined immune‐deficient) mice. Ablation of the proliferating cells exerted a protective effect on the motor function which was regained after transplantation, simultaneously defending the spinal cord from the harmful tumor growth. These results suggest a potentially promising role of suicide genes in opposing tumorigenesis during stem cell therapy. This system allows both preventing and treating tumorigenesis following hiPSC‐NS/PC transplantation without sacrificing the improved motor function. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:260&270
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kojima
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Itakura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soya Kawabata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iida
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugai
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukuzawa
- Department of Pathology, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasutake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Zhang D, Yu K, Yang Z, Li Y, Ma X, Bian X, Liu F, Li L, Liu X, Wu W. Silencing Ubc9 expression suppresses osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and enhances chemosensitivity to HSV-TK/GCV by regulating connexin 43 SUMOylation. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1323-1331. [PMID: 29956745 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) systems to kill tumor cells is partially dependent on the integrity of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) of targeted tumor cells. Recent studies have suggested that connexin 43 (Cx43), which serves a role in gap junction-mediated intercellular communication, is regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs). However, the roles of these post-translational modifications remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated overexpression of SUMO‑conjugating enzyme Ubc9 (Ubc9) protein in osteosarcoma. Silencing Ubc9 by siRNA inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration, and significantly increased the sensitivity of cells to HSV-TK/GCV systems both in vitro and in vivo. Further experimentation demonstrated that silencing Ubc9 induced decoupling of SUMO1 from Cx43, generating increased free Cx43 levels, which is important for reconstructing GJIC and recovering cellular functions. In conclusion, the present study revealed a novel method for the effective restoration of GJIC in osteosarcoma cells, which may increase their sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianying Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Beijing University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Xiyun Bian
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Fengting Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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8
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Blockage of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha sensitizes aggressive breast cancer to doxorubicin through suppressing ERK and mTOR kinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:153-158. [PMID: 29307829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced breast cancer is resistant to chemotherapy and its underlying mechanisms are not fully explored. In this work, we identified cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) as a novel target to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer. We demonstrated the increased transcriptional and translational expression of cPLA2α in breast cancer cells to acute and chronic exposure to doxorubicin. cPLA2α upregulation is also observed in breast cancer patients in response to chemotherapy. Inhibition of cPLA2α using two pharmacological inhibitors significantly enhances doxorubicin's effects to almost complete suppression in breast cancer cell growth, survival and migration. Similarly, depletion of cPLA2α significantly sensitizes breast cancer cells to doxorubicin treatment. We further found that cPLA2α inhibition led to decreased phosphorylation of ERK, mTOR, S6 and 4EBP1, suggesting the suppression of ERK and mTOR signaling pathways. These findings indicate the positive roles of cPLA2α in breast cancer cell growth, survival, migration and response to chemotherapy. Our work also highlights the therapeutic value of blocking cPLA2α to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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9
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Kim GS, Heo JR, Kim SU, Choi KC. Cancer-Specific Inhibitory Effects of Genetically Engineered Stem Cells Expressing Cytosine Deaminase and Interferon-β Against Choriocarcinoma in Xenografted Metastatic Mouse Models. Transl Oncol 2017; 11:74-85. [PMID: 29202279 PMCID: PMC5723382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatments using stem cells expressing therapeutic genes have been identified for various types of cancers. In this study, we investigated inhibitory effects of HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells expressing Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) and human interferon-β (IFN-β) genes in intravenously (i.v.) injected mice with a metastasis model. In this treatment, pro-drug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) is converted to cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil by hNSCs expressing the CD gene, which inhibits DNA synthesis in cancer cells. Moreover, IFN-β induces apoptosis and reduces the growth of cancer cells. Upon MTT assay, proliferation of choriocarcinoma (JEG-3) cells decreased when co-cultured with hNSCs expressing CD and IFN-β genes. To confirm the cancer-tropic effect of these stem cells, chemoattractant factors (VEGF, CXCR4, and C-kit) secreted from JEG-3 cells were identified by polymerase chain reaction. hNSCs migrate toward JEG-3 cells due to ligand-receptor interactions of these factors. Accordingly, the migration capability of hNSCs toward JEG-3 cells was confirmed using an in vitro Trans-well assay, in vivo subcutaneously (s.c.) injected mice groups (xenograft model), and metastasis model. Intravenously injected hNSCs migrated freely to other organs when compared to s.c. injected hNSCs. Thus, we confirmed the inhibition of lung and ovarian metastasis of choriocarcinoma by i.v. injected HB1.F3.CD or HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells in the presence of 5-FC. Treatment of these stem cells also increased the survival rates of mice. In conclusion, this study showed that metastatic cancer was diminished by genetically engineered hNSCs and noncytotoxic drug 5-FC. This is the first report of the therapeutic potential of i.v. injected hNSCs in a metastasis model; therefore, the results indicate that this stem cell therapy can be used as an alternative novel tool to treat metastatic choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Sik Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Rim Heo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, TheraCell Bio & Science, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Han W, Li W, Zhang X, Du Z, Liu X, Zhao X, Wen X, Wang G, Hu JF, Cui J. Targeted breast cancer therapy by harnessing the inherent blood group antigen immune system. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15034-15046. [PMID: 28122343 PMCID: PMC5362465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer gene therapy has attracted increasing attention for its advantages over conventional therapy in specific killing of tumor cells. Here, we attempt to prove a novel therapeutic approach that targets tumors by harnessing the blood antigen immune response system, which is inherently present in patients with breast cancers. Breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells expressed blood group H antigen precursor. After ectopic expression of blood group A glycosyltransferase, we found that the H precursor was converted into the group A antigen, appearing on the surface of tumor cells. Incubation with group B plasma from breast cancer patients activated the antigen-antibody-complement cascade and triggered tumor cell killing. Interestingly, expression of blood A antigen also reduced tumorigenesis in breast cancer cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and tumor sphere formation. Cell cycle analysis revealed that cancer cells were paused at S phase due to the activation of cell cycle regulatory genes. Furthermore, pro-apoptotic genes were unregulated by the A antigen, including BAX, P21, and P53, while the anti-apoptotic BCL2 was down regulated. Importantly, we showed that extracellular HMGB1 and ATP, two critical components of the immunogenic cell death pathway, were significantly increased in the blood A antigen-expressing tumor cells. Collectively, these data suggest that blood antigen therapy induces specific cancer cell killing by activating the apoptosis and immunogenic cell death pathways. Further translational studies are thereby warranted to apply this approach in cancer immuno-gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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11
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Zhou X, Huang Z, Yang H, Jiang Y, Wei W, Li Q, Mo Q, Liu J. β-Glucosidase inhibition sensitizes breast cancer to chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:504-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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Yi BR, Kim SU, Choi KC. Synergistic effect of therapeutic stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase and interferon-beta via apoptotic pathway in the metastatic mouse model of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5985-99. [PMID: 26716512 PMCID: PMC4868735 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As an approach to improve treatment of breast cancer metastasis to the brain, we employed genetically engineered stem cells (GESTECs, HB1.F3 cells) consisting of neural stem cells (NSCs) expressing cytosine deaminase and the interferon-beta genes, HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β. In this model, MDA-MB-231/Luc breast cancer cells were implanted in the right hemisphere of the mouse brain, while pre-stained GESTECs with redfluorescence were implanted in the contralateral brain. Two days after stem cells injection, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) was administrated via intraperitoneal injection. Histological analysis of extracted brain confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of GESTECs in the presence of 5-FC based on reductions in density and aggressive tendency of breast cancer cells, as well as pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis relative to a negative control. Additionally, expression of PCNA decreased in the stem cells treated group. Treatment of breast cancer cells with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) increased the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative factor, BAX and p21 protein through phosphorylation of p53 and p38. Moreover, analysis of stem cell migratory ability revealed that MDA-MB-231 cells endogenously secreted VEGF, and stem cells expressed their receptor (VEGFR2). To confirm the role of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling in tumor tropism of stem cells, samples were treated with the VEGFR2 inhibitor, KRN633. The number of migrated stem cells decreased significantly in response to KRN633 due to Erk1/2 activation and PI3K/Akt inhibition. Taken together, these results indicate that treatment with GESTECs, particularly HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β co-expressing CD.IFN-β, may be a useful strategy for treating breast cancer metastasis to the brain in the presence of a prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rim Yi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,TheraCell Bio and Science, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kong H, Liu X, Yang L, Qi K, Zhang H, Zhang J, Huang Z, Wang H. All-trans retinoic acid enhances bystander effect of suicide gene therapy in the treatment of breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1868-74. [PMID: 26717879 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to enhance the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) and the bystander effect (BSE) in suicide gene therapy. These in turn improve effects of suicide gene therapies for several tumor types. However, whether ATRA can improve BSE remains unclear in suicide gene therapy for breast cancer. In the present study, MCF-7, human breast cancer cells were treated with ATRA in combination with a VEGFP-TK/CD gene suicide system developed by our group. We found that this combination enhances the efficiency of cell killing and apoptosis of breast cancer by strengthening the BSE in vitro. ATRA also promotes gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in MCF-7 cells by upregulation of the connexin 43 mRNA and protein in MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that enhancement of GJIC by ATRA in suicide gene system might serve as an attractive and cost-effective strategy of therapy for breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Kong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan District People's Hospital (The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Human Resource, Shenzhen Nanshan District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Liucheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Ke Qi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan District People's Hospital (The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Haoyun Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan District People's Hospital (The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Zonghai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Hongxian Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan District People's Hospital (The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
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14
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Twitty CG, Diago OR, Hogan DJ, Burrascano C, Ibanez CE, Jolly DJ, Ostertag D. Retroviral Replicating Vectors Deliver Cytosine Deaminase Leading to Targeted 5-Fluorouracil-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Multiple Human Cancer Types. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2015; 27:17-31. [PMID: 26467507 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2015.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Toca 511 is a modified retroviral replicating vector based on Moloney γ-retrovirus with an amphotropic envelope. As an investigational cancer treatment, Toca 511 preferentially infects cancer cells without direct cell lysis and encodes an enhanced yeast cytosine deaminase that converts the antifungal drug 5-fluorocytosine to the anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil. A panel of established human cancer cell lines, derived from glioblastoma, colon, and breast cancer tissue, was used to evaluate parameters critical for effective anticancer activity. Gene transfer, cytosine deaminase production, conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil, and subsequent cell killing occurred in all lines tested. We observed >50% infection within 25 days in all lines and 5-fluorocytosine LD50 values between 0.02 and 6 μg/ml. Although we did not identify a small number of key criteria, these studies do provide a straightforward approach to rapidly gauge the probability of a Toca 511 and 5-fluorocytosine treatment effect in various cancer indications: a single MTS assay of maximally infected cancer cell lines to determine 5-fluorocytosine LD50. The data suggest that, although there can be variation in susceptibility to Toca 511 and 5-fluorocytosine because of multiple mechanistic factors, this therapy may be applicable to a broad range of cancer types and individuals.
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15
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Co-treatment with therapeutic neural stem cells expressing carboxyl esterase and CPT-11 inhibit growth of primary and metastatic lung cancers in mice. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12835-48. [PMID: 25544747 PMCID: PMC4350335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, neural stem cells (NSCs)-derived enzyme/prodrug therapy (NDEPT) was used to treat primary lung cancer or metastatic lung cancer in the brain. To confirm the anti-tumor effect of NSCs expressing carboxyl esterase (CE), A549 lung cancer cells were treated with HB1.F3.CE cells and CPT-11. A significant decrease in the viability/proliferation of lung cancer cells was observed compared to negative controls or cells treated with CPT-11 alone. To produce a mouse model of primary lung cancer or lung cancer metastasis to the brain, A549 cells were implanted in the dorsal area of the mouse or right hemisphere. CM-DiI pre-stained stem cells were implanted near the primary lung cancer tumor mass or in the contralateral brain. Two days after stem cells injection, mice were inoculated with CPT-11 (13.5 kg/mouse/day) via intraperitoneal injection. In the primary lung cancer mouse models, tumor mass was 80% lower in response to HB1.F3.CE in conjunction with CPT-11, while it was only reduced by 40% in the group treated with CPT-11 alone. Additionally, therapeutic efficacy of co-treatment with stem cells and CPT-11 was confirmed by detection of apoptosis and necrosis in primary and metastatic lung cancer tissues. By secreting VEGF, tumor cells modulate Erk1/2 and Akt signaling and migration of stem cells. This further increased tumor-selectivity of stem cell/prodrug co-therapy. Overall, these results indicate that NSCs expressing the therapeutic gene may be a powerful tool for treatment of primary lung cancer or metastasis of lung cancer to the brain.
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16
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NguyenThai QA, Sharma N, Luong DH, Sodhi SS, Kim JH, Kim N, Oh SJ, Jeong DK. Targeted inhibition of osteosarcoma tumor growth by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine in tumor-bearing mice. J Gene Med 2015; 17:87-99. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh-Anh NguyenThai
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Do Huynh Luong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Simrinder Singh Sodhi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Nameun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Oh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University; Jeju Si Jeju-do South Korea
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17
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Yi BR, Kim SU, Choi KC. Additional effects of engineered stem cells expressing a therapeutic gene and interferon-β in a xenograft mouse model of endometrial cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:171-8. [PMID: 25963746 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in women worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of neural stem cell-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy (NDEPT) designed to more selectively target endometrial cancer. For this, we employed two different types of neural stem cells (NSCs), HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells. Cytosine deaminase (CD) can convert the non-toxic prodrug, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), into a toxic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which inhibits DNA synthesis. IFN-β is a powerful cytotoxic cytokine that is released by activated immune cells or lymphocytes. In an animal model xenografted with endometrial Ishikawa cancer cells, the stem cells stained with CM-DiI were injected into nearby tumor masses and 5-FC was delivered by intraperitoneal injection. Co-expression of CD and IFN-β significantly inhibited the growth of cancer (~50-60%) in the presence of 5-FC. Among migration-induced factors, VEGF gene was highly expressed in endometrial cancer cells. Histological analysis showed that the aggressive nature of cancer was inhibited by 5-FC in the mice treated with the therapeutic stem cells. Furthermore, PCNA expression was more decreased in HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β treated mice rather than HB1.F3.CD treated mice. To confirm the in vitro combined effects of 5-FU and IFN-β, 5-FU was treated in Ishikawa cells. 5-FU increased the IFN-β/receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and BXA levels, indicating that 5-FU increased sensitivity of endometrial cancer cells to IFN-β, leading to apoptosis of cancer cells. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the efficacy of therapeutic stem cell-based immune therapy involving the targeted expression of CD and IFN-β genes at endometrial cancer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rim Yi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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18
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KONG HENG, LIU CHUNLI, ZHU TING, HUANG ZONGHAI, YANG LIUCHENG, LI QIANG. Effects of an adenoviral vector containing a suicide gene fusion on growth characteristics of breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3227-32. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Sakkas A, Zarogoulidis P, Domvri K, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Bougiouklis D, Kakolyris S, Zarampoukas T, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Huang H, Li Q, Meditskou S, Tsiouda T, Pezirkianidis N, Zarogoulidis K. Safety and efficacy of suicide gene therapy with adenosine deaminase 5-fluorocytosine silmutaneously in in vitro cultures of melanoma and retinal cell lines. J Cancer 2014; 5:368-81. [PMID: 24799955 PMCID: PMC4007525 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Local treatment as a treatment modality is gaining increased general acceptance over time. Novel drugs and methodologies of local administration are being investigated in an effort to achieve disease local control. Suicide gene therapy is a method that has been investigated as a local treatment with simultaneously distant disease control. In our current experiment we purchased HTB-70 (melanoma cell line, derived from metastatic axillary node) and CRL-2302 (human retinal epithelium) were from ATCC LGC Standards and Ancotil®, 2.5 g/250 ml (1 g/00ml) (5-Flucytosine) MEDA; Pharmaceuticals Ltd. UK. Adenosine Cytosine Deaminase (Ad.CD) was also used in order to convert the pro-drug 5-Flucytosine to the active 5-Fluoracil. Three different concentrations of 5-Flucytosine (5-FC) were administered (0.2ml, 0.8ml and 1.2ml). At indicated time-points (4h, 8h and 24h) cell viability and apoptosis were measured. Our concept was to investigate whether suicide gene therapy with Ad. CD-5-FC could be used with safety and efficiency as a future local treatment for melanoma located in the eye cavity. Indeed, our results indicated that in every 5-FC administration had mild cytotoxicity for the retinal cells, while increased apoptosis was observed for the melanoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Sakkas
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Domvri
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Bougiouklis
- 3. Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology-BMT Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kakolyris
- 4. Oncology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Thomas Zarampoukas
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Pitsiou
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haidong Huang
- 5. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- 5. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- 6. Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Anthropology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsiouda
- 7. Internal Medicine Department, ``Theiageneio`` Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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20
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Lee HR, Hwang KA, Nam KH, Kim HC, Choi KC. Progression of Breast Cancer Cells Was Enhanced by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Triclosan and Octylphenol, via an Estrogen Receptor-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Cellular and Mouse Xenograft Models. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:834-42. [DOI: 10.1021/tx5000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary
Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary
Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory
Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chin Kim
- Laboratory
Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary
Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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21
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A designed equine herpes thymidine kinase (EHV4 TK) variant improves ganciclovir-induced cell-killing. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 87:435-44. [PMID: 24316433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of the ganciclovir (GCV)/herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV1 TK: EC 2.7.1.21) system as a suicide gene therapy approach have been extensively studied over the years. In our study, we focused on improving the cytotoxic profile of the GCV/equine herpes virus-4 thymidine kinase (EHV4 TK: EC 2.7.1.21) system. Our approach involved the structure-guided mutagenesis of EHV4 TK in order to switch its ability to preferentially phosphorylate the natural substrate deoxythymidine (dT) to that of GCV. We performed steady-state kinetic analysis, genetic complementation in a thymidine kinase-deficient Escherichia coli strain, isothermal titration calorimetry, and analysis of GCV-induced cell killing through generation of HEK 293 stable cell-lines expressing EHV4 TK mutants and wild-type EHV4 TK. We found that the EHV4 TK S144H-GFP mutant preferentially phosphorylates GCV and confers increased GCV-induced cytotoxicity compared to wild-type EHV4 TK.
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Mavroudi M, Zarogoulidis P, Porpodis K, Kioumis I, Lampaki S, Yarmus L, Malecki R, Zarogoulidis K, Malecki M. Stem cells' guided gene therapy of cancer: New frontier in personalized and targeted therapy. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 2:22-33. [PMID: 24860662 PMCID: PMC4031908 DOI: 10.14312/2052-4994.2014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosis and therapy of cancer remain to be the greatest challenges for all physicians working in clinical oncology and molecular medicine. The statistics speak for themselves with the grim reports of 1,638,910 men and women diagnosed with cancer and nearly 577,190 patients passed away due to cancer in the USA in 2012. For practicing clinicians, who treat patients suffering from advanced cancers with contemporary systemic therapies, the main challenge is to attain therapeutic efficacy, while minimizing side effects. Unfortunately, all contemporary systemic therapies cause side effects. In treated patients, these side effects may range from nausea to damaged tissues. In cancer survivors, the iatrogenic outcomes of systemic therapies may include genomic mutations and their consequences. Therefore, there is an urgent need for personalized and targeted therapies. Recently, we reviewed the current status of suicide gene therapy for cancer. Herein, we discuss the novel strategy: genetically engineered stem cells' guided gene therapy. REVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL TRIALS Stem cells have the unique potential for self renewal and differentiation. This potential is the primary reason for introducing them into medicine to regenerate injured or degenerated organs, as well as to rejuvenate aging tissues. Recent advances in genetic engineering and stem cell research have created the foundations for genetic engineering of stem cells as the vectors for delivery of therapeutic transgenes. Specifically in oncology, the stem cells are genetically engineered to deliver the cell suicide inducing genes selectively to the cancer cells only. Expression of the transgenes kills the cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Herein, we present various strategies to bioengineer suicide inducing genes and stem cell vectors. Moreover, we review results of the main preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, the main risk for therapeutic use of stem cells is their cancerous transformation. Therefore, we discuss various strategies to safeguard stem cell guided gene therapy against iatrogenic cancerogenesis. PERSPECTIVES Defining cancer biomarkers to facilitate early diagnosis, elucidating cancer genomics and proteomics with modern tools of next generation sequencing, and analyzing patients' gene expression profiles provide essential data to elucidate molecular dynamics of cancer and to consider them for crafting pharmacogenomics-based personalized therapies. Streamlining of these data into genetic engineering of stem cells facilitates their use as the vectors delivering therapeutic genes into specific cancer cells. In this realm, stem cells guided gene therapy becomes a promising new frontier in personalized and targeted therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mavroudi
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | - Sofia Lampaki
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU
| | | | - Raf Malecki
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Marek Malecki
- Phoenix Biomolecular Engineering Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Kim HS, Yi BR, Hwang KA, Kim SU, Choi KC. Anticancer effects of the engineered stem cells transduced with therapeutic genes via a selective tumor tropism caused by vascular endothelial growth factor toward HeLa cervical cancer cells. Mol Cells 2013; 36:347-54. [PMID: 24008363 PMCID: PMC3887992 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of genetically engineered stem cells (GESTECs) expressing bacterial cytosine deaminase (CD) and/or human interferon-beta (IFN-β) gene against HeLa cervical cancer and the migration factors of the GESTECs toward the cancer cells. Anticancer effect of GESTECs was examined in a co-culture with HeLa cells using MTT assay to measure cell viability. A transwell migration assay was performed so as to assess the migration capability of the stem cells to cervical cancer cells. Next, several chemoattractant ligands and their receptors related to a selective migration of the stem cells toward HeLa cells were determined by real-time PCR. The cell viability of HeLa cells was decreased in response to 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), a prodrug, indicating that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a toxic metabolite, was converted from 5-FC by CD gene and it caused the cell death in a co-culture system. When IFN-β was additionally expressed with CD gene by these GESTECs, the anticancer activity was significantly increased. In the migration assay, the GESTECs selectively migrated to HeLa cervical cancer cells. As results of real-time PCR, chemoattractant ligands such as MCP-1, SCF, and VEGF were expressed in HeLa cells, and several receptors such as uPAR, VEGFR2, and c-kit were produced by the GESTECs. These GESTECs transduced with CD gene and IFN-β may provide a potential of a novel gene therapy for anticervical cancer treatments via their selective tumor tropism derived from VEGF and VEGFR2 expressions between HeLa cells and the GESTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Bo-Rim Yi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Seung U. Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Development and application of neural stem cells for treating various human neurological diseases in animal models. Lab Anim Res 2013; 29:131-7. [PMID: 24106507 PMCID: PMC3791346 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2013.29.3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from adult tissues or the inner cell mass (ICM) of embryos in the mammalian blastocyst (BL) stage are capable of self-renewal and have remarkable potential for undergoing lineage-specific differentiation under in vitro culturing conditions. In particular, neural stem cells (NSCs) that self-renew and differentiate into major cell types of the brain exist in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). The exact function and distribution of NSCs has been assessed, and they represent an interesting population that includes astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Many researchers have demonstrated functional recovery in animal models of various neurological diseases such as stroke, Parkinson's disease (PD), brain tumors, and metastatic tumors. The safety and efficacy of stem cell-based therapies (SCTs) are also being evaluated in humans. The therapeutic efficacy of NSCs has been shown in the brain disorder-induced animal models, and animal models may be well established to perform the test before clinical stage. Taken together, data from the literature have indicated that therapeutic NSCs may be useful for selectively treating diverse types of human brain diseases without incurring adverse effects.
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Kim DJ, Yi BR, Lee HR, Kim SU, Choi KC. Pancreatic tumor mass in a xenograft mouse model is decreased by treatment with therapeutic stem cells following introduction of therapeutic genes. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1129-36. [PMID: 23807450 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality. In the present study, we employed 2 types of therapeutic stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase (CD) with or without human interferon-β (IFN‑β), HB1.F3.CD and HB1.F3.CD.IFN-β cells, respectively, to selectively treat pancreatic cancer. The CD gene converts the non-toxic prodrug, 5-flurorocytosine (5-FC), into the toxic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In addition, human IFN-β is a potent cytokine that has antitumor effects. To generate a xenograft mouse model, PANC-1 cells (2x10(6)/mouse) cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS were mixed with Matrigel and were subcutaneously injected into Balb/c nu/nu mice. In the migration assay, the stem cells expressing the CD or IFN-β gene effectively migrated toward the pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting the presence of chemoattractant factors secreted by the pancreatic tumors. In the co-culture and MTT assay, antitumor activity of the therapeutic stem cells was observed in the presence of 5-FC was shown that the growth of PANC-1 cells was inhibited. Furthermore, these effects were confirmed in the xenograft mouse model bearing tumors originating from PANC-1 cells. Analyses by histological and fluorescence microscopy showed that treatment with the stem cells resulted in the inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth in the presence of 5-FC. Taken together, these results indicate that stem cells expressing the CD and/or IFN-β gene can be used to effectively treat pancreatic cancer and reduce the side-effects associated with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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KONG H, TAO L, QI K, WANG Y, LI Q, DU J, HUANG Z. Thymidine kinase/ganciclovir and cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine suicide gene therapy-induced cell apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1209-14. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:325-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328360f591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zarogoulidis P, Darwiche K, Sakkas A, Yarmus L, Huang H, Li Q, Freitag L, Zarogoulidis K, Malecki M. Suicide Gene Therapy for Cancer - Current Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4. [PMID: 24294541 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer treatments may create profound iatrogenic outcomes. The adverse effects of these treatments still remain, as the serious problems that practicing physicians have to cope with in clinical practice. Although, non-specific cytotoxic agents constitute an effective treatment modality against cancer cells, they also tend to kill normal, quickly dividing cells. On the other hand, therapies targeting the genome of the tumors are both under investigation, and some others are already streamlined to clinical practice. Several approaches have been investigated in order to find a treatment targeting the cancer cells, while not affecting the normal cells. Suicide gene therapy is a therapeutic strategy, in which cell suicide inducing transgenes are introduced into cancer cells. The two major suicide gene therapeutic strategies currently pursued are: cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine and the herpes simplex virus/ganciclovir. The novel strategies include silencing gene expression, expression of intracellular antibodies blocking cells' vital pathways, and transgenic expression of caspases and DNases. We analyze various elements of cancer cells' suicide inducing strategies including: targets, vectors, and mechanisms. These strategies have been extensively investigated in various types of cancers, while exploring multiple delivery routes including viruses, non-viral vectors, liposomes, nanoparticles, and stem cells. We discuss various stages of streamlining of the suicide gene therapy into clinical oncology as applied to different types of cancer. Moreover, suicide gene therapy is in the center of attention as a strategy preventing cancer from developing in patients participating in the clinical trials of regenerative medicine. In oncology, these clinical trials are aimed at regenerating, with the aid of stem cells, of the patients' organs damaged by pathologic and/or iatrogenic factors. However, the stem cells carry the risk of neoplasmic transformation. We discuss cell suicide inducing strategies aimed at preventing stem cell-originated cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, EU ; Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, EU
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Barar J, Omidi Y. Translational Approaches towards Cancer Gene Therapy: Hurdles and Hopes. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2012; 2:127-43. [PMID: 23678451 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2012.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Of the cancer gene therapy approaches, gene silencing, suicide/apoptosis inducing gene therapy, immunogene therapy and targeted gene therapy are deemed to sub-stantially control the biological consequences of genomic changes in cancerous cells. Thus, a large number of clinical trials have been conducted against various malignancies. In this review, we will discuss recent translational progresses of gene and cell therapy of cancer. METHODS Essential information on gene therapy of cancer were reviewed and discussed towards their clinical translations. RESULTS Gene transfer has been rigorously studied in vitro and in vivo, in which some of these gene therapy endeavours have been carried on towards translational investigations and clinical applications. About 65% of gene therapy trials are related to cancer therapy. Some of these trials have been combined with cell therapy to produce personalized medicines such as Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®, marketed by Dendreon, USA) for the treatment of asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Translational approach links two diverse boundaries of basic and clinical researches. For successful translation of geno-medicines into clinical applications, it is essential 1) to have the guidelines and standard operating procedures for development and application of the genomedicines specific to clinically relevant biomarker(s); 2) to conduct necessary animal experimental studies to show the "proof of concept" for the proposed genomedicines; 3) to perform an initial clinical investigation; and 4) to initiate extensive clinical trials to address all necessary requirements. In short, translational researches need to be refined to accelerate the geno-medicine development and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Barar
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Translational Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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