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Zhang Y, Kang M, Zhang B, Meng F, Song J, Kaneko H, Shimamoto F, Tang B. Retraction Note: m 6A modification-mediated CBX8 induction regulates stemness and chemosensitivity of colon cancer via upregulation of LGR5. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:166. [PMID: 37803374 PMCID: PMC10557297 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, 1-1-1, Ozuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, 731-3195, Japan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, 1-1-1, Ozuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, 731-3195, Japan
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, 1-1-1, Ozuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, 731-3195, Japan.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, 1-1-1, Ozuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, 731-3195, Japan.
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Madhuravasal Krishnan J, Kong L, Karns R, Medvedovic M, Sherman KE, Blackard JT. The Synthetic Opioid Fentanyl Increases HIV Replication and Chemokine Co-Receptor Expression in Lymphocyte Cell Lines. Viruses 2023; 15:1027. [PMID: 37113007 PMCID: PMC10145664 DOI: 10.3390/v15041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, the illicit use of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl has led to a serious public health crisis. Synthetic opioids are known to enhance viral replication and to suppress immunologic responses, but their effects on HIV pathogenesis remain unclear. Thus, we examined the impact of fentanyl on HIV-susceptible and HIV-infected cell types. METHODS TZM-bl and HIV-infected lymphocyte cells were incubated with fentanyl at varying concentrations. Expression levels of the CXCR4 and CCR5 chemokine receptors and HIV p24 antigen were quantified with ELISA. HIV proviral DNA was quantified using SYBR RT-PCR. Cell viability was detected with the MTT assay. RNAseq was performed to characterize cellular gene regulation in the presence of fentanyl. RESULTS Fentanyl enhanced expression of both chemokine receptor levels in a dose-dependent manner in HIV-susceptible and infected cell lines. Similarly, fentanyl induced viral expression in HIV-exposed TZM-bl cells and in HIV-infected lymphocyte cell lines. Multiple genes associated with apoptosis, antiviral/interferon response, chemokine signaling, and NFκB signaling were differentially regulated. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic opioid fentanyl impacts HIV replication and chemokine co-receptor expression. Increased virus levels suggest that opioid use may increase the likelihood of transmission and accelerate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Madhuravasal Krishnan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.M.K.)
| | - Ling Kong
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.M.K.)
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Digestive Health Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental & Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Sherman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.M.K.)
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jason T. Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.M.K.)
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Gluten Exorphins Promote Cell Proliferation through the Activation of Mitogenic and Pro-Survival Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043912. [PMID: 36835317 PMCID: PMC9966116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disorder that affects preferentially the small intestine of individuals with a genetic predisposition. CD is promoted by the ingestion of gluten, a storage protein contained in the endosperm of the seeds of wheat, barley, rye, and related cereals. Once in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, gluten is enzymatically digested with the consequent release of immunomodulatory and cytotoxic peptides, i.e., 33mer and p31-43. In the late 1970s a new group of biologically active peptides, called gluten exorphins (GEs), was discovered and characterized. In particular, these short peptides showed a morphine-like activity and high affinity for the δ-opioid receptor (DOR). The relevance of GEs in the pathogenesis of CD is still unknown. Recently, it has been proposed that GEs could contribute to asymptomatic CD, which is characterized by the absence of symptoms that are typical of this disorder. In the present work, GEs cellular and molecular effects were in vitro investigated in SUP-T1 and Caco-2 cells, also comparing viability effects with human normal primary lymphocytes. As a result, GEs treatments increased tumor cell proliferation by cell cycle and Cyclins activation as well as by induction of mitogenic and pro-survival pathways. Finally, a computational model of GEs interaction with DOR is provided. Altogether, the results might suggest a possible role of GEs in CD pathogenesis and on its associated cancer comorbidities.
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Marzban M, Mohebbi E, Haghdoost A, Aryaie M, Zahedi MJ, Khazaei Z, Gholizade M, Naghibzadeh-Tahami A. Opium Use and the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:29-35. [PMID: 36149933 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Limited evidence is available to acknowledge the association between opium use and liver cancer. In a case-control study, we recruited 117 cases of primary liver cancer (PLC) and 234 age and sex-matched neighborhood controls from 2016 to 2018. We calculated odds ratios (OR) for opium use and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), using conditional logistic regressions. Compared with non-users the adjusted OR (AOR, 95% CI) for opium use was 6.5 (95% CI, 2.87-13.44). Compared with people who had no history of use, a strong dose-response effect of opium use was observed by amount of use (AOR, 10.70; 95% CI, 3.92-28.70). Cumulative use of opium also indicated that using over 30 gr-year could increase the PLC risk dramatically (AOR, 11.0; 95% CI, 3.83-31.58). Those who used opium for more than 21 years were highly at risk of PLC (AOR, 11.66; 95% CI, 4.43-30.67). The observed associations were significant even among never tobacco smokers (including cigarette and water-pipe smoking). PREVENTION RELEVANCE The results of this study indicate that opium use dramatically increased the risk of liver cancer. Because opioids are increasing for medical and non-medical use globally; accordingly, severe health consequences such as liver cancer have to be investigated widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Marzban
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Elham Mohebbi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Haghdoost
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aryaie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zahedi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zaher Khazaei
- Nahavand School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Gholizade
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Kong L, Shata MTM, Brown JL, Lyons MS, Sherman KE, Blackard JT. The synthetic opioid fentanyl increases HIV replication and chemokine co-receptor expression in vitro. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:583-594. [PMID: 35976538 PMCID: PMC11135282 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-022-01090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The US is experiencing a major public health crisis that is fueled by the illicit use of synthetic opioids including fentanyl. While several drugs of abuse can enhance viral replication and/or antagonize immune responses, the impact of specific synthetic opioids on HIV pathogenesis is poorly understood. Thus, we evaluated the effects of fentanyl on HIV replication in vitro. HIV-susceptible or HIV-expressing cell lines were incubated with fentanyl. HIV p24 synthesis and chemokine receptor levels were quantified by ELISA in culture supernatants and cell lysates, respectively. Addition of fentanyl resulted in a dose-dependent increase in HIV replication. Fentanyl enhanced expression of the HIV chemokine co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 and caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability. The opioid antagonist naltrexone blocked the effect of fentanyl on HIV replication and CCR5 receptor levels but not CXCR4 receptor levels. TLR9 expression was induced by HIV; however, fentanyl inhibited TLR9 expression in a dose-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that the synthetic opioid fentanyl can promote HIV replication in vitro. As increased HIV levels are associated with accelerated disease progression and higher likelihood of transmission, additional research is required to enhance the understanding of opioid-virus interactions and to develop new and/or optimized treatment strategies for persons with HIV and opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kong
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - Mohamed Tarek M Shata
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael S Lyons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth E Sherman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason T Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA.
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Liu J, Wang Y, Pan Q, Chen X, Qu Y, Zhu H, Zheng L, Fan Y. [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] Enkephalin Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Cirrhotic Rats. Front Surg 2022; 9:839296. [PMID: 35599785 PMCID: PMC9121017 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.839296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common phenomenon that occurs after liver transplantation and liver tumor surgery. It can cause liver dysfunction and recovery failure after liver surgery, even leading to acute liver failure. Our aim is to investigate the protective effect and related potential mechanism of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) treatment on hepatic IRI in cirrhotic livers of rats. Methods The models of liver cirrhosis and hepatic IRI were established with male Sprague–Dawley rats. DADLE at a dose series of 0.5, 1, or 5 mg·kg−1 was injected intravenously to rats 10 min prior hepatic ischemia, followed by a 6- h reperfusion. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), histological changes, and liver cell apoptosis were used to assess liver IRI. The optimal dose of DADLE was assessed by using the Suzuki score and ALT and AST levels. We repeated the hepatic IRI procedure on the optimal dose of the DADLE group and the delta opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist natrindole hydrochloride (NTD) injection group. Serum ALT and AST levels, histological staining, hepatic apoptosis, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) were measured. The expression of protein kinase B (Akt) and its downstream proteins were evaluated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain action (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, DADLE treatment at a dose of 5 mg·kg−1 reduced the Suzuki score (mean: 5.8, range: 5.0–6.6 vs. mean: 8.0, range: 7.0–8.9), the ALT level (134.3 ± 44.7 vs. 247.8 ± 104.6), and the AST (297.1 ± 112.7 vs. 660.8 ± 104.3) level. DOR antagonist NTD aggravated hepatic IRI. Compared with the control group, DADLE treatment decreased the number of apoptosis cells and microphages and neutrophils, increased the expression of Akt and its mRNA to much higher levels, and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD). Conclusion DADLE treatment at a dose of 5 mg·kg−1 injected intravenously 10 min prior hepatic ischemia could contain rats’ hepatic IRI by activating DOR in cirrhotic livers. The effects of DADLE could be offset by NTD. The potential molecular mechanism seems to be involved in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway.
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Scroope CA, Singleton Z, Hollmann MW, Parat MO. Opioid Receptor-Mediated and Non-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Roles of Opioids in Tumour Growth and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:792290. [PMID: 35004315 PMCID: PMC8732362 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.792290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are administered to cancer patients in the period surrounding tumour excision, and in the management of cancer-associated pain. The effects of opioids on tumour growth and metastasis, and their consequences on disease outcome, continue to be the object of polarised, discrepant literature. It is becoming clear that opioids contribute a range of direct and indirect effects to the biology of solid tumours, to the anticancer immune response, inflammation, angiogenesis and importantly, to the tumour-promoting effects of pain. A common misconception in the literature is that the effect of opioid agonists equates the effect of the mu-opioid receptor, the major target of the analgesic effect of this class of drugs. We review the evidence on opioid receptor expression in cancer, opioid receptor polymorphisms and cancer outcome, the effect of opioid antagonists, especially the peripheral antagonist methylnaltrexone, and lastly, the evidence available of a role for opioids through non-opioid receptor mediated actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Scroope
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Zane Singleton
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Drugs of Abuse and Their Impact on Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122387. [PMID: 34960656 PMCID: PMC8707190 DOI: 10.3390/v13122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Commonly misused substances such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and opioids suppress immune responses and may impact viral pathogenesis. In recent years, illicit use of opioids has fueled outbreaks of several viral pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This review focuses on the myriad of mechanisms by which drugs of abuse impact viral replication and disease progression. Virus–drug interactions can accelerate viral disease progression and lead to increased risk of virus transmission.
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Wang Z, Jiang L, Wang J, Chai Z, Xiong W. Morphine promotes angiogenesis by activating PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway and upregulating VEGF in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1761-1772. [PMID: 34532126 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by the neo-angiogenesis induced by tumor and adjacent cells. It is a leading cancer-related cause of death. Morphine has effects on angiogenesis with pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic phonotypes. This study explores the function of morphine on cancer cell growth, angiogenesis and the underlying mechanism in HCC. Methods Morphine was used to treat BEL-7402 or HCC-LM3 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subsequently incubated in the conditioned media (CM) of HCC cells. The potential effects of cell proliferation, migration and tube formation of CM-treated HUVECs were investigated. Furthermore, the angiogenesis regulated factors of VEGFA, PIGF, ANG-1, ANG-2, FGF-1 and FGF-2 were assessed. siRNA and LY294002 were further used to explore the mechanism mediating the effects of morphine on the angiogenesis pathway. The neovascularization effect by morphine was confirmed through the use of human HCC cancer heterotopic mouse model in vivo. Results A significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation effect of HUVECs induced by the CM from HCC cell lines treated with morphine was observed. More VEGFA secretion in CM from LM3 or BEL-7402 cell lines was found than the controls (P=0.03 and P=0.027, respectively). VEGFA knock-down could significantly reverse cell proliferation, migration and tube formation induced by the CM from HCC cell lines with morphine treatment. Further molecular experiments indicated that VEGFA secretion was activated by morphine potentially through the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway. Morphine-induced neovascularization was also observed by the IHC of CD31 and VEGFA. Conclusions Morphine promotes angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma possibly through the activation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway and VEGFA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghui Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongtao Chai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanxia Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Kong L, Karns R, Shata MTM, Brown JL, Lyons MS, Sherman KE, Blackard JT. The synthetic opioid fentanyl enhances viral replication in vitro. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249581. [PMID: 33852610 PMCID: PMC8046189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The US is in the midst of a major drug epidemic fueled in large part by the widespread recreational use of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl. Persons with opioid use disorder are at significant risk for transmission of injection-associated infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Commonly abused substances may antagonize immune responses and promote viral replication. However, the impact of synthetic opioids on virus replication has not been well explored. Thus, we evaluated the impact of fentanyl and carfentanil using in vitro systems that replicate infectious viruses. Fentanyl was used in cell lines replicating HBV or HCV at concentrations of 1 ng, 100 ng, and 10 ug. Viral protein synthesis was quantified by ELISA, while apoptosis and cell death were measured by M30 or MTT assays, respectively. HCV replicative fitness was evaluated in a luciferase-based system. RNAseq was performed to evaluate cellular gene regulation in the presence of fentanyl. Low dose fentanyl had no impact on HCV replication in Huh7.5JFH1 hepatocytes; however, higher doses significantly enhanced HCV replication. Similarly, a dose-dependent increase in HCV replicative fitness was observed in the presence of fentanyl. In the HepG2.2.15 hepatocyte cell line, fentanyl caused a dose-dependent increase in HBV replication, although only a higher doses than for HCV. Addition of fentanyl resulted in significant apoptosis in both hepatocyte cell lines. Cell death was minimal at low drug concentrations. RNAseq identified a number of hepatocyte genes that were differentially regulated by fentanyl, including those related to apoptosis, the antiviral / interferon response, chemokine signaling, and NFκB signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that synthetic opioids promote viral replication but may have distinct effects depending on the drug dose and the viral target. As higher viral loads are associated with pathogenesis and virus transmission, additional research is essential to an enhanced understanding of opioid-virus pathogenesis and for the development of new and optimized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kong
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Digestive Health Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Tarek M. Shata
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Brown
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Lyons
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Sherman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tuo Y, Tian C, Lu L, Xiang M. The paradoxical role of methionine enkephalin in tumor responses. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173253. [PMID: 32535097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Methionine enkephalin (MENK) is an opioid peptide composed of five amino acids with multiple biological activities. Since its discovery, MENK has become prominent in neuroregulation and immunoregulation. Tumors have increasingly been a spotlight because of their terrible trends and refractory characteristic. The therapeutic potential of MENK was investigated on a large scale, and there are numerous evidences that MENK exerts anti-tumor effects via two mechanisms. The first mechanism explains the enhanced anti-tumor immune effects of MENK. The second mechanism shows that MENK directly inhibits tumor cell proliferation. However, numerous reports have clarified the pro-tumor role of MENK by inhibiting T and B cell proliferation, promoting tumor cell growth by binding to opioid receptors, leading to desensitization of lymphocytes, and inducing tolerance. It is particularly intriguing that dual reactions are triggered when MENK combines with its opioid receptors; thus, anti-tumor response of the whole body is influenced. This review will expound the dual roles of MENK in tumor responses based on immune cells, cytokines, and tumor cells to provide better suggestions for its application in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Tuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lili Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Opioid receptors beyond pain control: The role in cancer pathology and the debated importance of their pharmacological modulation. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Malek MR, Ahmadian S, Dehpour AR, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Shafizadeh M, Kashani-Amin E. Investigating the role of endogenous opioid system in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis in rat liver by morphological, biochemical and molecular modelling studies. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1575-1583. [PMID: 32367550 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) is characterized by phospholipid storage in the lysosomes of affected tissues. Many severe effects and toxicities have been linked to DIPL. The aim of this study was to determine whether the endogenous opioid system is involved in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis. The effect of naltrexone as an antagonist of opioid receptors in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis in rat liver was investigated by morphological, biochemical, and molecular modelling studies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that morphological characteristic changes of rat liver, including the number of lamellar bodies, grade of vacuolization and cell steatosis, were markedly attenuated in rats treated with naltrexone alone or in combination with chloroquine, in comparison with chloroquine-treated rats. The results of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) showed that the concentrations of phenylacetylglycine (PAG) and hippuric acid (HA) were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in target groups. Besides, the concentration ratio of PAG/HA was significantly decreased. Spectrophotometry resulted in a notable decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in target groups. The results from the molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies demonstrated clear chloroquine interaction with the active site cavity of the µ opioid receptor. These data suggest that administration of naltrexone alone, or in combination with chloroquine, notably attenuates the side effects of chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis, as well as demonstrating an increased probability of the endogenous opioid system involvement in chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Malek
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shafizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kashani-Amin
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Sheikh M, Shakeri R, Poustchi H, Pourshams A, Etemadi A, Islami F, Khoshnia M, Gharavi A, Roshandel G, Khademi H, Sepanlou SG, Hashemian M, Fazel A, Zahedi M, Abedi-Ardekani B, Boffetta P, Dawsey SM, Pharoah PD, Sotoudeh M, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Day NE, Brennan P, Kamangar F, Malekzadeh R. Opium use and subsequent incidence of cancer: results from the Golestan Cohort Study. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8:e649-e660. [PMID: 32353313 PMCID: PMC7196888 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is emerging for a role of opiates in various cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between regular opium use and cancer incidence. METHODS This study was done in a population-based cohort of 50 045 individuals aged 40-75 years from northeast Iran. Data on participant demographics, diet, lifestyle, opium use, and different exposures were collected upon enrolment using validated questionnaires. We used proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs for the association between opium use and different cancer types. FINDINGS During a median 10 years of follow-up, 1833 participants were diagnosed with cancer. Use of opium was associated with an increased risk of developing all cancers combined (HR 1·40, 95% CI 1·24-1·58), gastrointestinal cancers (1·31, 1·11-1·55), and respiratory cancers (2·28, 1·58-3·30) in a dose-dependent manner (ptrend<0·001). For site-specific cancers, use of opium was associated with an increased risk of developing oesophageal (1·38, 1·06-1·80), gastric (1·36, 1·03-1·79), lung (2·21, 1·44-3·39), bladder (2·86, 1·47-5·55), and laryngeal (2·53, 1·21-5·29) cancers in a dose-dependent manner (ptrend<0·05). Only high-dose opium use was associated with pancreatic cancer (2·66, 1·23-5·74). Ingestion of opium (but not smoking opium) was associated with brain (2·15, 1·00-4·63) and liver (2·46, 1·23-4·95) cancers in a dose-dependent manner (prend<0·01). We observed consistent associations among ever and never tobacco users, men and women, and individuals with lower and higher socioeconomic status. INTERPRETATION Opium users have a significantly higher risk of developing cancers in different organs of the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems and the CNS. The results of this analysis show that regular use of opiates might increase the risk of a range of cancer types. FUNDING World Cancer Research Fund International, Cancer Research UK, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, US National Cancer Institute, International Agency for Research on Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sheikh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Ramin Shakeri
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farhad Islami
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hooman Khademi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemian
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Utica College, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Abdolreza Fazel
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zahedi
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul D Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas E Day
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Blackard JT, Brown JL, Lyons MS. Synthetic Opioid Use and Common Injection-associated Viruses: Expanding the Translational Research Agenda. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:94-101. [PMID: 31210115 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190618154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The US is in the midst of a major epidemic of opioid addiction and related comorbidities. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) are at significant risk for transmission of several blood-borne pathogens including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Commonly abused opioids and their receptors promote viral replication and virus-mediated pathology. However, most studies demonstrating an adverse effect of drugs of abuse have been conducted in vitro, the specific effects of synthetic opioids on viral replication have been poorly characterized, and the evaluation of opioid-virus interactions in clinically relevant populations is rare. Rigorous characterization of the interactions among synthetic opioids, host cells, and common injection-associated viral infections will require an interdisciplinary research approach and translational studies conducted on humans. Such research promises to improve clinical management paradigms for difficult-to-treat populations, facilitate rational public health policies given severely strained resources, and reveal additional pathways for novel target-specific therapeutic interventions. This mini-review examines the published literature on the effects of opioids on HIV, HBV, and HCV pathogenesis and proposes a series of scientific questions and considerations to establish a translational research agenda focused on opioid-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Michael S Lyons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
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17
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Lever JR, Fergason-Cantrell EA, Carmack TL, Watkinson LD, Gallazzi F. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 111In labeled DOTA-conjugated tetrapeptides having high affinity and selectivity for mu opioid receptors. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 70:53-66. [PMID: 30933866 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral mu (μ) opioid receptors are implicated in pain, bowel dysfunction and the progression of certain cancers. In an effort to identify radioligands well suited for imaging these peripheral sites, we have prepared and evaluated four hydrophilic 111In labeled DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) conjugated μ tetrapeptides. METHODS Peptides were prepared by solid-phase techniques, using orthogonal strategies to achieve branching to DOTA, and then characterized by HPLC, mass spectroscopy and amino acid analysis. Scaffolds included novel peptide H-Dmt-D-Ala-Phe-Orn-NH2 (DAPO), where Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine, and known peptide H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 ([Dmt1]DALDA). Constructs had DOTA conjugation at the Orn4 or Lys4 side chains, or to the C-terminal through a hexanoic acid-lysine linker. Indium(III) complexation and 111In radiolabeling were accomplished by standard methods. Protein binding and Log D7.4 were determined. Binding and pharmacological profiles were obtained in vitro. Biodistribution and radiometabolite studies were conducted using male CD-1 mice. RESULTS All four indium(III)-DOTA conjugates derived from DAPO and [Dmt1]DALDA showed good selectivity and subnanomolar affinity for μ opioid receptors. One radioligand, H-Dmt-D-Ala-Phe-Orn(δ-[111In]In-DOTA)-NH2, showed 25% specific binding in vivo to μ sites in mouse gut. Notably, this was the least polar of the series, and also showed low sensitivity to modulation of binding by sodium ions. All radioligands showed high kidney uptake of radiometabolites. CONCLUSIONS Visualizing peripheral μ opioid receptors using 111In labeled DOTA-conjugated tetrapeptides appears feasible, but structural modifications to enhance specific binding and metabolic stability, as well as to reduce kidney uptake, will be required. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This study shows in vivo labeling of peripheral μ opioid receptors by a tetrapeptide radioligand, and provides information that should prove useful in the design of peptide radioligands having optimal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Lever
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Emily A Fergason-Cantrell
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Terry L Carmack
- Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Lisa D Watkinson
- Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Fabio Gallazzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Molecular Interaction Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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18
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Zhang Y, Wei Y, Li X, Liang X, Wang L, Song J, Zhang X, Zhang C, Niu J, Zhang P, Ren Z, Tang B. microRNA-874 suppresses tumor proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the DOR/EGFR/ERK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:130. [PMID: 29374140 PMCID: PMC5833540 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The δ opioid receptor (DOR) is involved in the regulation of malignant transformation and tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, regulation of the DOR in HCC remains poorly defined. We found that miR-874 was identified as a negative regulator of the DOR, which is a direct and functional target of miR-874 via its 3' untranslated region (UTR). Moreover, miR-874 was downregulated in HCC and its expression was inversely correlated with DOR expression. Downregulation of miR-874 was also associated with larger tumor size, more vascular invasion, a poor TNM stage, poor tumor differentiation, and inferior patient outcomes. Functionally, overexpression of miR-874 in the HCC cell line SK-hep-1 inhibited cell growth, migration, in vitro invasion, and in vivo tumorigenicity. Furthermore, miR-874 overexpression suppressed the DOR, resulting in a downregulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. The EGFR activator-epidermal growth factor (EGF)-can rescue the proliferation and migration suppression induced by miR-874 overexpression, and the rescue effects of the EGF were blocked by an ERK inhibitor. Our study results suggest that miRNA-874 is a negative regulator of the DOR that can suppress tumor proliferation and metastasis in HCC by targeting the DOR/EGFR/ERK pathway, which may be a potential target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yangchao Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Xingsi Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 541000, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 541000, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Xiuzhong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Jian Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Zeqiang Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 541000, China.
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19
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Huynh AS, Estrella V, Stark VE, Cohen AS, Chen T, Casagni TJ, Josan JS, Lloyd MC, Johnson J, Hruby VJ, Vagner J, Morse DL. Tumor Targeting and Pharmacokinetics of a Near-Infrared Fluorescent-Labeled δ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist Agent, Dmt-Tic-Cy5. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:534-44. [PMID: 26713599 PMCID: PMC4936951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence molecular imaging can be employed for the development of novel cancer targeting agents. Herein, we investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and cellular uptake of Dmt-Tic-Cy5, a delta-opioid receptor (δOR) antagonist-fluorescent dye conjugate, as a tumor-targeting molecular imaging agent. δOR expression is observed normally in the CNS, and pathologically in some tumors, including lung liver and breast cancers. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments were conducted to image and quantify the fluorescence signal associated with Dmt-Tic-Cy5 over time using in vitro and intravital fluorescence microscopy and small animal fluorescence imaging of tumor-bearing mice. We observed specific retention of Dmt-Tic-Cy5 in tumors with maximum uptake in δOR-expressing positive tumors at 3 h and observable persistence for >96 h; clearance from δOR nonexpressing negative tumors by 6 h; and systemic clearance from normal organs by 24 h. Live-cell and intravital fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that Dmt-Tic-Cy5 had sustained cell-surface binding lasting at least 24 h with gradual internalization over the initial 6 h following administration. Dmt-Tic-Cy5 is a δOR-targeted agent that exhibits long-lasting and specific signal in δOR-expressing tumors, is rapidly cleared from systemic circulation, and is not retained in non-δOR-expressing tissues. Hence, Dmt-Tic-Cy5 has potential as a fluorescent tumor imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Shanks Huynh
- Department of Cancer Imaging & Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Veronica Estrella
- Department of Cancer Imaging & Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Valerie E. Stark
- Department of Cancer Imaging & Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Allison S. Cohen
- Department of Cancer Imaging & Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Tingan Chen
- Analytic Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Todd J. Casagni
- Department of Comparative Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Jatinder S. Josan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85719
| | - Mark C. Lloyd
- Analytic Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Joseph Johnson
- Analytic Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85719
| | - Josef Vagner
- The BIO5 Research Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - David L. Morse
- Department of Cancer Imaging & Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612
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20
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Tang B, Hu Z, Li Y, Yuan S, Wang Z, Yu S, He S. Downregulation of δ opioid receptor by RNA interference enhances the sensitivity of BEL/FU drug‑resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to 5‑FU. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:59-66. [PMID: 26549838 PMCID: PMC4686084 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
δ opioid receptor (DOR) was the first opioid receptor of the G protein‑coupled receptor family to be cloned. Our previous studies demonstrated that DOR is involved in regulating the development and progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and is involved in the regulation of the processes of invasion and metastasis of HCC cells. However, whether DOR is involved in the development and progression of drug resistance in HCC has not been reported and requires further elucidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of DOR in the drug‑resistant HCC BEL‑7402/5‑fluorouracil (BEL/FU) cell line, and its effects on drug resistance, in order to preliminarily elucidate the effects of DOR in HCC drug resistance. The results of the present study demonstrated that DOR was expressed at high levels in the BEL/FU cells, and the expression levels were higher, compared with those in normal liver cells. When the expression of DOR was silenced, the proliferation of the drug‑resistant HCC cells were unaffected. However, when the cells were co‑treated with a therapeutic dose of 5‑FU, the proliferation rate of the BEL/FU cells was significantly inhibited, a large number of cells underwent apoptosis, cell cycle progression was arrested and changes in the expression levels of drug‑resistant proteins were observed. Overall, the expression of DOR was upregulated in the drug‑resistant HCC cells, and its functional status was closely associated with drug resistance in HCC. Therefore, DOR may become a recognized target molecule with important roles in the clinical treatment of drug‑resistant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Zhigao Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Shengguang Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenran Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Shuiping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Songqing He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
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21
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Afsharimani B, Doornebal CW, Cabot PJ, Hollmann MW, Parat MO. Comparison and analysis of the animal models used to study the effect of morphine on tumour growth and metastasis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:251-9. [PMID: 24467261 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effect of opioids on tumour growth and metastasis has been debated for many years, with recent emphasis on the possibility that they might influence the rate of disease-free survival after tumour resection when used in the perioperative pain management of cancer surgery patients. The literature presents conflicting and inconclusive in vitro and in vivo data about the potential effect of opioids, especially morphine, on tumour growth and metastasis. To inform clinical practice, appropriate animal models are needed to test whether opioids alter the course of tumour growth and metastasis. Here, we review the literature on animal-based studies testing the effect of morphine on cancer so far, and analyse differences between the models used that may explain the discrepancies in published results. Such analysis should elucidate the role of opioids in cancer and help define ideal pre-clinical models to provide definitive answers. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Afsharimani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
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23
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Gendron L, Mittal N, Beaudry H, Walwyn W. Recent advances on the δ opioid receptor: from trafficking to function. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:403-19. [PMID: 24665909 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Within the opioid family of receptors, δ (DOPrs) and μ opioid receptors (MOPrs) are typical GPCRs that activate canonical second-messenger signalling cascades to influence diverse cellular functions in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. These receptors activate well-known pathways to influence ion channel function and pathways such as the map kinase cascade, AC and PI3K. In addition new information regarding opioid receptor-interacting proteins, downstream signalling pathways and resultant functional effects has recently come to light. In this review, we will examine these novel findings focusing on the DOPr and, in doing so, will contrast and compare DOPrs with MOPrs in terms of differences and similarities in function, signalling pathways, distribution and interactions. We will also discuss and clarify issues that have recently surfaced regarding the expression and function of DOPrs in different cell types and analgesia. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gendron
- Département de physiologie et biophysique, Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Jia K, Sun D, Ling S, Tian Y, Yang X, Sui J, Tang B, Wang L. Activated δ‑opioid receptors inhibit hydrogen peroxide‑induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells through the PKC/ERK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:839-47. [PMID: 24912447 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic liver cancer cells have important roles in liver tumorigenesis and liver cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that δ‑opioid receptors are highly expressed in human liver and liver cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the role of activated δ‑opioid receptors on human liver cancer cell apoptosis and its interrelation with the mitochondria and the protein kinase C/extracellular‑signal‑regulated kinase (PKC/ERK) signaling pathway. H2O2 was used to induce apoptosis in human liver cancer cells. During apoptosis, mitochondrial transmembrane potentials were observed to decrease, cytochrome c expression was found to increase and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) expression decreased. These findings suggested that H2O2‑induced apoptosis was mediated through the mitochondrial pathway. Of note, activated δ‑opioid receptors were observed to inhibit H2O2‑induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells. Following δ‑opioid receptor activation, the number of apoptotic liver cancer cells decreased, mitochondrial transmembrane potentials were restored, cytoplasmic cytochrome c and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein expression decreased and Bcl‑2 expression increased. These data suggested that δ‑opioid receptor activation inhibited mitochondria‑mediated apoptosis. In addition, activation of δ‑opioid receptors was observed to increase the expression of PKC and ERK in human liver cancer cells. Furthermore, upon inhibition of the PKC/ERK signaling pathway, the protective effect associated with the δ‑opioid receptor on liver cancer cell apoptosis was inhibited, which was not associated with the status of δ‑opioid receptor activation. These findings suggested that the PKC/ERK signaling pathway has an important role in δ‑opioid receptor‑mediated inhibition of apoptosis in human liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Deguang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Sunbin Ling
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Jidong Sui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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Zhou L, Guo X, Chen M, Fu S, Zhou J, Ren G, Yang Z, Fan W. Inhibition of δ-opioid receptors induces brain glioma cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial and protein kinase C pathways. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1351-1357. [PMID: 24179523 PMCID: PMC3813693 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain glioma is a malignant tumor with a high incidence rate and poor prognosis that has become a focus of studies of central nervous system diseases. Previous studies have suggested that δ-opioid receptors may affect the proliferation and apoptosis of numerous types of tumor cells. However, to date, their precise mechanism(s) of action have not been elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of inhibiting δ-opioid receptors in brain glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis and their relevant molecular mechanisms. Various doses of naltrindole were supplied to treat brain glioma cells using the MTT method to assess the proliferation index. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the changes in cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3 and protein kinase C (PKC) were measured using western blotting. Naltrindole was observed to inhibit brain glioma cell proliferation and promote apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the addition of naltrindole lead to changes in the brain glioma cell membrane potential and regulated Bax translocation to the mitochondrial membrane, consequently promoting the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, followed by the activation of caspase-9 and -3, which caused cell apoptosis. In addition, naltrindole was able to regulate the expression levels of the cellular internal phosphorylated PKC proteins, which are closely associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation. In conclusion, the inhibition of δ-opioid receptors may inhibit brain glioma cell proliferation and lead to apoptosis, which is closely associated with the mitochondrial and PKC pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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