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Hart KA, Kimura S. Pharmacologic Interventions to Immunologic and Immune-Mediated Conditions in Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2024; 40:307-339. [PMID: 38852015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators can stimulate, suppress, or regulate one or many aspects of the immune response. Use of a variety of immunostimulants, immunosuppressors, and anti-inflammatory drugs are described in horses, but the evidence supporting their efficacy is variable. Corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the best characterized immunomodulators in horses, but further study is needed to fully define their ideal dosing protocols and indications and to characterize the efficacy of other immunomodulators in equine medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Shune Kimura
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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2
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Chida K, Kanazawa H, Kinoshita H, Roy AM, Hakamada K, Takabe K. The role of lidocaine in cancer progression and patient survival. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108654. [PMID: 38701900 PMCID: PMC11162934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Since its development in 1943, lidocaine has been one of the most commonly used local anesthesia agents for surgical procedures. Lidocaine alters neuronal signal transmission by prolonging the inactivation of fast voltage-gated sodium channels in the cell membrane of neurons, which are responsible for action potential propagation. Recently, it has attracted attention due to emerging evidence suggesting its potential antitumor properties, particularly in the in vitro setting. Further, local administration of lidocaine around the tumor immediately prior to surgical removal has been shown to improve overall survival in breast cancer patients. However, the exact mechanisms driving these antitumor effects remain largely unclear. In this article, we will review the existing literature on the mechanism of lidocaine as a local anesthetic, its effects on the cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, involved pathways, and cancer progression. Additionally, we will explore recent reports highlighting its impact on clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Taken together, there remains significant ambiguity surrounding lidocaine's functions and roles in cancer biology, particularly in perioperative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Chida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Kanazawa
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler School of Medicine, TX, USA.
| | - Hirotaka Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Arya Mariam Roy
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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3
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Xu W, Xiao Y, Zhao M, Zhu J, Wang Y, Wang W, Wang P, Meng H. Effective Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis Using a Nano-Enabled Drug Acupuncture Technology in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302586. [PMID: 37555294 PMCID: PMC10558644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
A nano-enabled drug delivery acupuncture technology (nd-Acu) is developed that is based on traditional acupuncture needles where the stainless-steel surface is designed to deliver various payload molecules. To create the nd-Acu platform, an electrochemistry procedure is used to attach methyl salicylate-modified cyclodextrin in which the sugar rings allow the encapsulation of structurally defined single or multiple payload molecules via an inclusion complexation process. Drug loading and release profile are first studied using fluorescent dyes abiotically and at intact animal level. nd-Acu allows more efficient dye loading and time-dependent release compared to pristine needles without cyclodextrin modification. Subsequently, a proof-of-principle efficacy study is conducted using the platform to load a local anesthetic, lidocaine, for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in mice. It is demonstrated that lidocaine-laden nd-Acu can effectively alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and slow down KOA development biochemically and histologically. Hypothesis-driven and proteomic approaches are utilized to investigate the working mechanisms of lidocaine nd-Acu, indicating that the therapeutic outcome is attributed to the in vivo modulation of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. The study also obtained preliminary evidence suggesting the involvement of mitochondria as well as small GTPase such as cdc42 during the treatment by lidocaine nd-Acu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100010China
| | - Yu Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Minzhi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing400054China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing400054China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450052China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100010China
| | - Huan Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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Weinschenk S, Weiss C, Benrath J, von Baehr V, Strowitzki T, Feißt M. Anti-Inflammatory Characteristics of Local Anesthetics: Inhibition of TNF-α Secretion of Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Leucocytes in Human Blood Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063283. [PMID: 35328706 PMCID: PMC8949497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Local anesthetics (LAs) have potent anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammatory down-regulation is crucial in diseases with overactive immune reactions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic inflammation. We investigated the influence of four LAs, procaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine, on the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human leucocytes. Methods. Blood samples of 28 individuals were stimulated with LPS. The reduction of TNF-α production by each of the four LAs added (0.5 mg/mL) was measured and correlated with biometric variables. A response was defined as reduction to <85% of initial levels. Results. All four LAs down-regulated the TNF-α secretion in 44−61%: Bupivacaine (44.4%), lidocaine (61.5%), mepivacaine (44.4%), and procaine (50% of the individuals, “responders”). The TNF-α secretion was reduced to 67.4, 68.0, 63.6, and 67.1% of the initial values in responders. The effects in both patients and healthy persons were the same. Interindividual responses to LAs were not correlated with the duration or type of complaints, basal TNF-α serum level, sex, BMI, or age of responders. Conclusions. Four clinically relevant LAs (amid-LA and ester-LA) attenuate the inflammatory response provoked by LPS. They are potential candidates for drug repositioning in treating overactive immune reactions and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weinschenk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women’s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Justus Benrath
- Pain Clinic, Mannheim University Hospital, Faculty of Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Volker von Baehr
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Nicolaistraße 22, D-12247 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women’s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Manuel Feißt
- Institute of Medical Biometry (IMBI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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Liu Y, Liu L, Xing W, Sun Y. Anesthetics mediated the immunomodulatory effects via regulation of TLR signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108357. [PMID: 34785143 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetics have been widely used in surgery and found to suppress inflammatory injury and affect the outcomes of the surgery and diseases. In contrast, anesthetics are also found to induce neuronal injury and inflammation. However, the immune-modulation mechanism of anesthetics is still not clear. Recent studies have shown that the immune-modulation of anesthetics is associated with the regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling. Moreover, the regulation of anesthetics in TLR signaling is related to modulations of non-coding RNAs (nc RNAs). Consistently, nc RNAs are mainly divided into micro RNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lnc RNAs), which have been found to exert regulatory effects on the immune system. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory functions of the widely used anesthetic agents, which are associated with regulation of TLR signaling. In addition, we also focus on the roles of nc RNAs induced by anesthetics in regulations of TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Wanying Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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6
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Hasan D, Shono A, van Kalken CK, van der Spek PJ, Krenning EP, Kotani T. A novel definition and treatment of hyperinflammation in COVID-19 based on purinergic signalling. Purinergic Signal 2021; 18:13-59. [PMID: 34757513 PMCID: PMC8578920 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinflammation plays an important role in severe and critical COVID-19. Using inconsistent criteria, many researchers define hyperinflammation as a form of very severe inflammation with cytokine storm. Therefore, COVID-19 patients are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs appear to be less efficacious than expected and are sometimes accompanied by serious adverse effects. SARS-CoV-2 promotes cellular ATP release. Increased levels of extracellular ATP activate the purinergic receptors of the immune cells initiating the physiologic pro-inflammatory immune response. Persisting viral infection drives the ATP release even further leading to the activation of the P2X7 purinergic receptors (P2X7Rs) and a severe yet physiologic inflammation. Disease progression promotes prolonged vigorous activation of the P2X7R causing cell death and uncontrolled ATP release leading to cytokine storm and desensitisation of all other purinergic receptors of the immune cells. This results in immune paralysis with co-infections or secondary infections. We refer to this pathologic condition as hyperinflammation. The readily available and affordable P2X7R antagonist lidocaine can abrogate hyperinflammation and restore the normal immune function. The issue is that the half-maximal effective concentration for P2X7R inhibition of lidocaine is much higher than the maximal tolerable plasma concentration where adverse effects start to develop. To overcome this, we selectively inhibit the P2X7Rs of the immune cells of the lymphatic system inducing clonal expansion of Tregs in local lymph nodes. Subsequently, these Tregs migrate throughout the body exerting anti-inflammatory activities suppressing systemic and (distant) local hyperinflammation. We illustrate this with six critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsuko Shono
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | | | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Toru Kotani
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
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7
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Yuan J, Fei Y. Lidocaine activates autophagy of astrocytes and ameliorates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain. J Biochem 2021; 170:25-31. [PMID: 33245112 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lidocaine is a commonly used drug to alleviate neuropathic pain (NP). This work aims to investigate the mechanism of lidocaine in alleviating NP. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats were established by surgery to induce NP. We observed the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of rats. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine the LC3/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells. Rat astrocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce CCI, and then treated with lidocaine or 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor). CCK-8 was performed to detect cell proliferation. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to detect the level of protein and inflammatory factor. CCI rats exhibited a decrease of MWT and TWL, which was effectively abolished by lidocaine. Lidocaine enhanced the number of LC3/GFAP-positive cells in CCI rats. Moreover, lidocaine inhibited the expression of GFAP and p62, and enhanced LC3-II/LC3-I expression in the LPS-treated astrocytes. Lidocaine inhibited the level of TNF-α and IL-1β in the LPS-treated astrocytes. The influence conferred by lidocaine was effectively abolished by 3-MA. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that lidocaine activates autophagy of astrocytes and ameliorates CCI-induced NP. Thus, our study provides a further experimental basis for the mechanism of lidocaine to alleviate NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310020 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310020 Zhejiang, China
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8
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Karnina R, Arif SK, Hatta M, Bukhari A. Molecular mechanisms of lidocaine. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69:102733. [PMID: 34457261 PMCID: PMC8379473 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lidocaine is an amide-class local anesthetic used clinically to inhibit pain sensations. Systemic administration of lidocaine has antinociceptive, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects. Lidocaine exerts these effects under both acute and chronic pain conditions and acute respiratory distress syndrome through mechanisms that can be independent of its primary mechanism of action, sodium channel inhibition. Here we review the pathophysiological underpinnings of lidocaine's role as an anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory mediated by toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear factor kappa-β (NF-kβ) signalling pathways and downstream cytokine effectors high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).
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Affiliation(s)
- Resiana Karnina
- Doctoral Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Syafri Kamsul Arif
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
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9
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Dobson GP, Biros E, Letson HL, Morris JL. Living in a Hostile World: Inflammation, New Drug Development, and Coronavirus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:610131. [PMID: 33552070 PMCID: PMC7862725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a brief history of the immune response and show that Metchnikoff's theory of inflammation and phagocytotic defense was largely ignored in the 20th century. For decades, the immune response was believed to be triggered centrally, until Lafferty and Cunningham proposed the initiating signal came from the tissues. This shift opened the way for Janeway's pattern recognition receptor theory, and Matzinger's danger model. All models failed to appreciate that without inflammation, there can be no immune response. The situation changed in the 1990s when cytokine biology was rapidly advancing, and the immune system's role expanded from host defense, to the maintenance of host health. An inflammatory environment, produced by immune cells themselves, was now recognized as mandatory for their attack, removal and repair functions after an infection or injury. We explore the cellular programs of the immune response, and the role played by cytokines and other mediators to tailor the right response, at the right time. Normally, the immune response is robust, self-limiting and restorative. However, when the antigen load or trauma exceeds the body's internal tolerances, as witnessed in some COVID-19 patients, excessive inflammation can lead to increased sympathetic outflows, cardiac dysfunction, coagulopathy, endothelial and metabolic dysfunction, multiple organ failure and death. Currently, there are few drug therapies to reduce excessive inflammation and immune dysfunction. We have been developing an intravenous (IV) fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) that confers a survival advantage by preventing excessive inflammation initiated by sepsis, endotoxemia and sterile trauma. The multi-pronged protection appears to be unique and may provide a tool to examine the intersection points in the immune response to infection or injury, and possible ways to prevent secondary tissue damage, such as that reported in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P. Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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10
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Infection-induced innate antimicrobial response disorders: from signaling pathways and their modulation to selected biomarkers. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:104-116. [PMID: 32425688 PMCID: PMC7226557 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.94712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe infections are a major public health problem responsible for about 40-65% of hospitalizations in intensive care units (ICU). The high mortality (30-50%) of persons diagnosed with severe infection is caused by largely unknown mechanisms of sepsis-induced immune system response. Severe infections with dynamic progress are accompanied with SIRS (systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome) and CARS (compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome), and require a biological treatment appropriate to the phase of immune response. The mechanisms responsible for severe infection related to immune system response particularly attract extensive interest of non-specific defense mechanisms, including signaling pathways of Toll-like receptors (mainly TLR4 and TLR2) that recognize distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and play a critical role in innate immune response. There are attempts of treatment, followed by blocking ligand binding with TLR or modulation of intracellular signaling pathways, to inhibit signal transduction. Moreover, researches regarding new and more efficient diagnostics biomarkers were mostly focused on indicators related to innate response to infection as well as connections of pro-inflammatory response with anti-inflammatory response.According to these studies, in case of ICU septic patients with high-risk of mortality, the solution for the problem will require mainly early immune and genetic diagnostics (e.g. cytokines, microRNA, cluster of differentiation-64 [CD64], triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 [TREM-1], and high mobility group box 1 protein [HMGB1]).
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11
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Huang W, Liu C, Xie L, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li Y. Integrated network pharmacology and targeted metabolomics to reveal the mechanism of nephrotoxicity of triptolide. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:850-861. [PMID: 32110379 PMCID: PMC7017871 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is one of the important active components in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., which shows strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, a large number of literature studies have reported that TP is the main component causing nephrotoxicity, and the mechanism of nephrotoxicity has not yet been revealed. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to clarify the toxicity mechanism of TP. This study integrated network pharmacology and targeted metabolomics to reveal the nephrotoxicity mechanism of TP. Firstly, network pharmacology screening of 61 action targets related to TP induced nephrotoxicity, with 39 direct targets and 22 indirect targets, was performed. Subsequently, based on a large-scale protein-protein interaction (PPI) and molecular docking validation, the core targets were identified. Based on the above targets and enrichment analysis, the purine metabolism, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway were found play a pivotal role in TP-induced nephrotoxicity. Literature investigation showed that purine and pyrimidine metabolism pathways were closely related to kidney diseases. Therefore, by using the quantitative method of determining endogenous purine and pyrimidine previously established in the laboratory, a targeted metabolomic analysis of TP was carried out. Finally, six nephrotoxicity biomarkers, dihydroorotate, thymidine, 2-deoxyinosine, uric acid, adenosine and xanthine, were found. Combining the above results, the mechanisms underlying the nephrotoxicity of TP were speculated to be due to the over-consumption of xanthine and uric acid, which would result in enormous ROS being released in response to oxidative stress in the body. Furthermore, activation of the Toll-like receptor signalling pathway can promotes the phosphorylation of the downstream protein NF-κB and causes an inflammatory response that ultimately leads to nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jian Kang Chan Ye Yuan , Jinghai Dist. , Tianjin 301617 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-22-59596223
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Liangxiang Town , Fangshan District , Beijing 102488 , China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jian Kang Chan Ye Yuan , Jinghai Dist. , Tianjin 301617 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-22-59596223
| | - Yuming Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jian Kang Chan Ye Yuan , Jinghai Dist. , Tianjin 301617 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-22-59596223
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jian Kang Chan Ye Yuan , Jinghai Dist. , Tianjin 301617 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-22-59596223
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jian Kang Chan Ye Yuan , Jinghai Dist. , Tianjin 301617 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-22-59596223
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12
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Hermanns H, Hollmann MW, Stevens MF, Lirk P, Brandenburger T, Piegeler T, Werdehausen R. Molecular mechanisms of action of systemic lidocaine in acute and chronic pain: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:335-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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13
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Sirait RH, Hatta M, Ramli M, Siagian C, Suprayogi B, Simanjuntak TP. Lidocaine suppressed hyperinflammation in BALB/c mice model sterile injury via downregulation of toll-like receptor 4. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egja.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hotman Sirait
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ramli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Carmen Siagian
- Department of Clinition Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Suprayogi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tigor Paniel Simanjuntak
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Wang L, Wang M, Li S, Wu H, Shen Q, Zhang S, Fang L, Liu R. Nebulized lidocaine ameliorates allergic airway inflammation via downregulation of TLR2. Mol Immunol 2018; 97:94-100. [PMID: 29609129 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nebulized lidocaine has been suggested to be beneficial in asthma therapy, but the underlying mechanisms are little known. We aimed to investigate whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 was involved in the protective effect of lidocaine on allergic airway inflammation. Female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Meanwhile, some of the mice were treated with TLR2 agonist (Pam3CSK4, 100 μg) intraperitoneally in combination with OVA on day 0. Just after allergen provocation, mice were treated with inhaled lidocaine or vehicle for 30 min. In this model, we found that lidocaine markedly attenuated OVA-evoked airway inflammation, leukocyte recruitment and mucus production. Moreover, lidocaine abrogated the increased concentrations of T cytokines and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of allergic mice, as well as reducing the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor (P-NF)-κBp65 and the NOD-like receptor pyridine containing 3 (NLRP3), which are important for the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, our study showed that lidocaine dramatically decreased OVA-induced increased expression of TLR2 in the lung tissues. Furthermore, activation of TLR2 aggravated OVA-challenged airway inflammation, meanwhile, it also elevated OVA-induced expression of P-NF-κBp65 and NLRP3 in the lungs. However, lidocaine effectively inhibited airway inflammation and counteracted the expression of P-NF-κBp65 and NLRP3 in allergic mice pretreated with Pam3CSK4. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that lidocaine prevented allergic airway inflammation via TLR2 in an OVA-induced murine allergic airway inflammation model. TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Muzi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Huimei Wu
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Qiying Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Rongyu Liu
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
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Prevention of Surgical Site Infections and Biofilms: Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Cefazolin and Metronidazole in a Tumescent Lidocaine Solution. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1351. [PMID: 28607871 PMCID: PMC5459654 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumescent anesthesia antibiotic delivery (TAAD) consists of subcutaneous infiltration of antibiotic(s) dissolved tumescent lidocaine anesthesia. Tumescent lidocaine anesthesia contains lidocaine (≤ 1 g/L), epinephrine (≤ 1 mg/L), sodium bicarbonate (10 mEq/L) in 0.9% saline. Our aim was to measure cefazolin and metronidazole concentrations over time in subcutaneous tumescent interstitial fluid (TISF) after TAAD, in serum after TAAD and after intravenous antibiotic delivery (IVAD). We hypothesize that the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of TAAD + IVAD are superior to IVAD alone for the prevention of surgical site infections and biofilms. METHODS Concentrations of cefazolin and metronidazole in TISF and serum following TAAD and in serum following IVAD were compared in 5 female volunteers. Subjects received cefazolin or cefazolin plus metronidazole by IVAD alone and by TAAD alone. One subject also received concomitant IVAD and TAAD of these 2 antibiotics. Sequential samples of serum or subcutaneous TISF were assayed for antibiotic concentration. RESULTS Cefazolin (1 g) by TAAD resulted in an area under the curve of the concentration-time profile and a maximum concentration (Cmax) in subcutaneous tissue that were 16.5 and 5.6 times greater than in serum following 1 g by IVAD. Metronidazole (500 mg) by TAAD resulted in an area under the curve and Cmax that were 8.1 and 24.7 times greater in TISF, than in serum after 500 mg by intravenous delivery. IVAD + TAAD resulted in superior antibiotic concentrations to IVAD alone. CONCLUSIONS TAAD + IVAD produced superior antibiotic bioavailability in both subcutaneous interstitial fluid and serum compared with IVAD alone. There was no evidence that TAAD of cefazolin and metronidazole poses a significant risk of harm to patients.
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RAGE deficiency attenuates the protective effect of Lidocaine against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Inflammation 2017; 40:601-611. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Tabrizi L, Chiniforoshan H. Cytotoxicity and cellular response mechanisms of water-soluble platinum(II) complexes of lidocaine and phenylcyanamide derivatives. Biometals 2016; 30:59-70. [PMID: 27995355 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Three new platinum(II) complexes of lidocaine and phenylcyanamide derivative ligands of formula K[Pt(3,5-(NO2)2pcyd)2(LC)], 1, K[Pt(3,5-(CF3)2pcyd)2(LC)], 2, K[Pt(3,5-Cl2pcyd)2(LC)], 3 (LC: lidocaine, 3,5-(NO2)2pcyd: 3,5-dinitro phenylcyanamide, 3,5-(CF3)2pcyd: 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) phenylcyanamide, 3,5-Cl2pcyd: 3,5-dichloro phenylcyanamide) have been synthesized and fully characterized. Cellular uptake, DNA platination and cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines were evaluated. The complexes 1-3 revealed a significant in vitro antiproliferative activity against human ovarian carcinoma (A2780), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29), breast (MCF-7), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cancer cell lines. All the complexes are more active than cisplatin and follow the trend 1 > 2 > 3. Mechanistic studies showed that the trend in cytotoxicity of the Pt(II) complexes is mainly consistent with their ability to accumulate into cancer cells and to increase intracellular basal reactive oxygen species levels, which consequently results in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis induction. The complex 1 caused to approximately 80-fold higher DNA platination level with respect to cisplatin. The complexes 1-3 can considerably stimulate the production of hydrogen peroxide in a time-dependent manner. Also, the complexes 1-3 induced an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that was superior to that induced by antimycin. The complex 1 had the most effect on ROS production in comparison with other complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland. .,Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Hossein Chiniforoshan
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
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Small-Volume Adenosine, Lidocaine, and Mg2+ 4-Hour Infusion Leads to 88% Survival after 6 Days of Experimental Sepsis in the Rat without Antibiotics. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:863-872. [PMID: 27581435 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00390-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Innovative host-directed drug therapies are urgently required to treat sepsis. We tested the effect of a small-volume 0.9% NaCl adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+ (ALM) bolus and a 4-h intravenous infusion on survivability in the rat model of polymicrobial sepsis over 6 days. ALM treatment led to a significant increase in survivability (88%) compared to that of controls (25%). Four controls died on day 2 to 3, and two died on day 5. Early death was associated with elevated plasma and lung inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-1β, C-reactive protein), reduced white blood cell (WBC) count, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, acidosis, hyperkalemia, and elevated lactate, whereas late death was associated with a massive cytokine storm, a neutrophil-dominated WBC rebound/overshoot, increased lung oxidant injury, edema, and persistent ischemia. On day 6, seven of eight ALM survivors had inflammatory and immunological profiles not significantly different from those of sham-treated animals. We conclude in the rat model of experimental sepsis that small-volume ALM treatment led to higher survivability at 6 days (88%) than that of controls (25%). Early death in controls (day 2 to 3) was associated with significantly elevated plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein, severe plasma lymphocyte deficiency, reduced neutrophils, and acute lung injury. Late death (day 5) was associated with a massive neutrophil inflammatory storm, increased lung injury, and persistent ischemia. Possible mechanisms of ALM protection are discussed.
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Tabrizi L, Chiniforoshan H. Discovery of organometallic Ruthenium(II)-arene complexes of lidocaine as improved photocytotoxic agents. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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New water-soluble palladium(II) complexes of lidocaine and phenylcyanamide derivative ligands: cytotoxicity and cellular response mechanisms. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:723-732. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effect of intravenous lidocaine on the transcerebral inflammatory response during cardiac surgery: a randomized-controlled trial. Can J Anaesth 2016; 63:1223-32. [PMID: 27470233 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-016-0704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs frequently after cardiac surgery. The pathophysiology of POCD remains elusive, but previous work showed that intravenous lidocaine may be protective against POCD, possibly by modulating cerebral inflammation. We hypothesized that intravenous lidocaine would attenuate the cerebral inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by reducing the transcerebral activation gradients of platelets, leukocytes, and/or platelet-leukocyte conjugates. METHODS We studied 202 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB in this prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to receive either intravenous lidocaine (bolus + 48-hr infusion) or placebo (identical infusion volume and duration). Paired jugular venous and radial arterial blood samples were drawn at several time points and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting to identify activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte conjugates. Transcerebral activation gradients were calculated by subtracting arterial values from venous values and were compared between groups using repeated measures regression models with covariate adjustment for age, sex, surgery type, and CPB duration. RESULTS Beginning after aortic cross-clamp release and peaking ten minutes after the termination of CPB, the mean (SD) transcerebral activation gradient of platelet-monocyte conjugates decreased in lidocaine-treated vs placebo-treated patients [-1.84 (11.47) mean linear fluorescence intensity (MLFI) vs 1.46 (13.88) MLFI, respectively; mean difference, -4.08 MLFI; 95% confidence interval, -7.86 to -0.29; P = 0.03). No difference was seen at any time point for activated platelets or for platelet-neutrophil conjugates. CONCLUSION While lidocaine did not affect the systemic or transcerebral activation of platelets or leukocytes, we did observe a reduction in the transcerebral activation of platelet-monocyte conjugates after aortic cross-clamp release. This may be a manifestation of reduced cerebral inflammation during cardiopulmonary bypass in response to treatment with lidocaine. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00938964).
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Lee YJ, Kim SA, Lee SH. Hyaluronan suppresses lidocaine-induced apoptosis of human chondrocytes in vitro by inhibiting the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:664-73. [PMID: 27041463 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Intra-articular injection of local anesthetics (LAs) is a common procedure for therapeutic purposes. However, LAs have been found toxic to articular cartilage, and hyaluronan may attenuate this toxicity. In this study we investigated whether hyaluronan attenuated lidocaine-induced chondrotoxicity, and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Human chondrocyte cell line SW1353 and newly isolated murine chondrocytes were incubated in culture medium containing hyaluronan and/or lidocaine for 72 h. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected with DAPI staining, caspase 3/7 activity assay and flow cytometry. Cell cycle distributions, ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were determined using flow cytometry. The expression of p53 and p53-regulated gene products was measured with Western blotting. RESULTS Lidocaine (0.005%-0.03%) dose-dependently decreased the viability of SW1353 cells. This local anesthetic (0.015%, 0.025%) induced apoptosis, G2/M phase arrest and loss of ΔΨm, and markedly increased ROS production in SW1353 cells. Hyaluronan (50-800 μg/mL) alone did not affect the cell viability, but co-treatment with hyaluronan (200 μg/mL) significantly attenuated lidocaine-induced apoptosis and other abnormalities in SW1353 cells. Furthermore, co-treatment with lidocaine and hyaluronan significantly decreased the levels of p53 and its transcription targets Bax and p21 in SW1353 cells, although treatment with lidocaine alone did not significantly change these proteins. Similar results were obtained in ex vivo cultured murine chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Hyaluronan suppresses lidocaine-induced apoptosis of human chondrocytes in vitro through inhibiting the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of lidocaine: Synthesis, structure and comparative in vitro evaluations of biological perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:516-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Badawi HM, Förner W, Ali SA. The conformational stability, solvation and the assignments of the experimental infrared, Raman, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of the local anesthetic drug lidocaine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 142:382-391. [PMID: 25721654 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The structure, vibrational and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of the local anesthetic drug lidocaine were investigated by the B3LYP/6-311G(∗∗) calculations. The molecule was predicted to have the non-planar cis (NCCN∼0°) structures being about 2-6kcal/mol lower in energy than the corresponding trans (NCCN∼180°) forms. The calculated NCCN (9.6°) and CNCC (-132.2°) torsional angles were in a good qualitative agreement with the reported X-ray angles (3.1 and 13.0°, -102.67 and -77.9°, respectively, for H-bonded dimers). The Gibbs energy of solution of lidocaine in formamide, water, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol and chloroform solutions was estimated at the B3LYP level. The predicted affinity of lidocaine toward the alcohols, acetonitrile and chloroform solutions was in excellent agreement with the reported experimental solubility of the drug in organic solvents. The analysis of the observed vibrational spectra is consistent with the presence of lidocaine in only one conformation at room temperature. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of lidocaine were interpreted by experimental and DFT calculated chemical shifts of the drug. The RMSD between experimental and theoretical (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts for lidocaine is 0.47 and 8.26ppm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Badawi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wolfgang Förner
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaikh A Ali
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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