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Răileanu M, Straticiuc M, Iancu DA, Andrei RF, Radu M, Bacalum M. Proton irradiation induced reactive oxygen species promote morphological and functional changes in HepG2 cells. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107919. [PMID: 36356881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The increased use of proton therapy has led to the need of better understanding the cellular mechanisms involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects induced by the accelerated proton beam in hepatocarcinoma cells. An existing facility in IFIN-HH, a 3 MV Tandetron™ accelerator, was used to irradiate HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells with doses between 0 and 3 Gy. Colony formation was used to assess the influence of radiation on cell long-term replication. Also, the changes induced at the mitochondrial level were shown by increased ROS and ATP levels as well as a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. An increased dose has induced DNA damages and G2/M cell cycle arrest which leads to caspase 3/7 mediated apoptosis and senescence induction. Finally, the morphological and ultrastructural changes were observed at the membrane level and the nucleus of the irradiated cells. Thus, proton irradiation induces both morphological and functional changes in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Răileanu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Atomistilor 405, Măgurele, Romania; Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Straticiuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania
| | - Decebal-Alexandru Iancu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Atomistilor 405, Măgurele, Romania; Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania
| | - Radu-Florin Andrei
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania; University of POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Splaiul Independentei 313, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Bacalum
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Reactorului 30, Măgurele, Romania.
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2
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Alharbi KS, Almalki WH, Albratty M, Meraya AM, Najmi A, Vyas G, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. The therapeutic role of nutraceuticals targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in liver cancer. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14357. [PMID: 35945911 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer (L.C.) is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States and the fifth most common globally. The overexpression of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) caused by oxidative stress has been associated with tumor growth, aggressiveness, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis. Nutraceuticals that inhibit Nrf2/HO-1 signaling may become the most effective strategy to treat liver cancer. Phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, also known as nutraceuticals, tend to emerge as chemopreventive agents, with the added benefit of low toxicity and high nutritional values. This paper reviews the present scientific knowledge of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling as a possible target molecule for chemotherapeutic agents, its basic control mechanisms, and Nrf2/HO-1 inducers produced from natural products that might be employed as cancer chemopreventive drugs. The growing interest in the contribution of the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling in the development of liver cancer and the Use of nutraceuticals to treat liver cancer by targeting Nrf2/ARE/HO-1. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: An increase in Nrf2 expression indicates that Nrf2 is the most important player in liver cancer. Cancer patients are more resistant to chemotherapy because of this erroneous Nrf2 signaling. Furthermore, an increasing body of evidence indicates that activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway results in the production of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes, which serve a defense purpose in cells. As a consequence, treating liver cancer. This master regulator may be a possibility. Nutraceuticals that reduce Nrf2/HO-1 signaling may be the most effective strategy for preventing liver cancer. The methods of action of numerous natural substances are examined in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Govind Vyas
- R&D, Quality and Regulatory Compliance, Invahealth Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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3
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Natural Products for Cancer Therapy: A Review of Their Mechanism of Actions and Toxicity in the Past Decade. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:5794350. [PMID: 35309872 PMCID: PMC8933079 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5794350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethnopharmacological information gathered over many centuries and the presence of diverse metabolites have made the medicinal plants as the prime source of drugs. Despite the positive attributes of natural products, there are many questions pertaining to their mechanism of actions and molecular targets that impede their development as therapeutic agents. One of the major challenges in cancer research is the toxicity exerted by investigational agents towards the host. An understanding of their molecular targets, underlying mechanisms can reveal their anticancer efficacy, help in optimal therapeutic dose selection, to mitigate their side effects and toxicity towards the host. The purpose of this review is to collate details on natural products that are recently been investigated extensively in the past decade for their anticancer potential. Besides, critical analysis of their molecular targets and underlying mechanisms on multiple cancer cell lines, an in-depth probe of their toxicological screening on rodent models is outlined as well to observe the prevalence of their toxicity towards host. This review can provide valuable insights for researchers in developing methods, strategies during preclinical and clinical evaluation of anticancer candidates.
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, El-Saber Batiha G. The possible role of ursolic acid in Covid-19: A real game changer. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:414-417. [PMID: 35063236 PMCID: PMC8724013 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic terpenoid is usually found in the fruit peels and stem bark as secondary metabolites. UA has antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic properties. UA has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities against different infections. Because of the greatest antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of UA, so it could be a plausible therapeutic herbal medicine in Covid-19 treatment. Covid-19 is a recent worldwide virulent disease pandemic due to severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is related to the direct cytopathic effect and exaggerated immune response by which acute lung injury (ALI) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome might be developed in critical cases. UA may inhibit main protease of SARS-CoV-2, and inhibits the interface flanked by SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and its entry point commonly recognized as angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In addition, UA attenuates SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. Therefore, UA could avert SARS-CoV-2 infection from causing ALI. This opinion proposed that UA might be a potential candidate therapy against Covid-19 and can mitigate post-Covid-19 complications such as lung fibrosis. In this regards, forthcoming studies are reasonable to substantiate the therapeutic role of UA in Covid-19. However, taken into account that Covid-19 is yet to be investigating for further evaluations, therefore, clinical trials are recommended regarding use and dose of UA in Covid-19 treatment, as well as secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemotherapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El Beheira, Egypt.
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Cancer Chemopreventive Role of Dietary Terpenoids by Modulating Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Signaling System—A Comprehensive Update. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ROS, RNS, and carcinogenic metabolites generate excessive oxidative stress, which changes the basal cellular status and leads to epigenetic modification, genomic instability, and initiation of cancer. Epigenetic modification may inhibit tumor-suppressor genes and activate oncogenes, enabling cells to have cancer promoting properties. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, and is activated in response to cellular stress. It can regulate redox homoeostasis by expressing several cytoprotective enzymes, including NADPH quinine oxidoreductase, heme oxygenase-1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, etc. There is accumulating evidence supporting the idea that dietary nutraceuticals derived from commonly used fruits, vegetables, and spices have the ability to produce cancer chemopreventive activity by inducing Nrf2-mediated detoxifying enzymes. In this review, we discuss the importance of these nutraceuticals in cancer chemoprevention and summarize the role of dietary terpenoids in this respect. This approach was taken to accumulate the mechanistic function of these terpenoids to develop a comprehensive understanding of their direct and indirect roles in modulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling system.
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Kim HJ, Herath KHINM, Dinh DTT, Kim HS, Jeon YJ, Kim HJ, Jee Y. Sargassum horneri ethanol extract containing polyphenols attenuates PM-induced oxidative stress via ROS scavenging and transition metal chelation. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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7
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Shao J, Fang Y, Zhao R, Chen F, Yang M, Jiang J, Chen Z, Yuan X, Jia L. Evolution from small molecule to nano-drug delivery systems: An emerging approach for cancer therapy of ursolic acid. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:685-700. [PMID: 33363625 PMCID: PMC7750806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, possesses widespread biological and pharmacological activities. However, drawbacks such as low bioavailability, poor targeting and rapid metabolism greatly hinder its further clinical application. Recently, with the development of nanotechnology, various UA nanosystems have emerged as promising strategies for effective cancer therapy. This article reviews various types of UA-based nano-delivery systems, primarily with emphasis placed on novel UA-based carrier-free nano-drugs, which are considered to be innovative methods for cancer therapy. Moreover, this review presents carrier-free nano-drugs that co-assembled of UA and photosensitizers that displayed synergistic antitumor performance. Finally, the article also describes the development and challenges of UA nanosystems for future research in this field. Overall, the information presented in this review will provide new insight into the rational utilization of nano-drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.,Marine Drug R&D Center, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yifan Fang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Fangmin Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaotian Yuan
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.,Marine Drug R&D Center, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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8
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Feng XM, Su XL. Anticancer effect of ursolic acid via mitochondria-dependent pathways. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4761-4767. [PMID: 31186681 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid found in various medicinal herbs and fruits. It has generated clinical interest due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic and anticarcinogenic effects. An increasing amount of evidence supports the anticancer effect of ursolic acid in various cancer cells. One of the hallmarks of malignant transformation is metabolic reprogramming that sustains macromolecule synthesis, bioenergetic demand and tumor cell survival. Mitochondria are important regulators of tumorigenes is as well as a major site of the metabolic reactions that facilitate this reprogramming and adaption to cellular and environmental changes. The current review explored the close association between the anticancer effect of ursolic acid and the activation of mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Feng
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Lan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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Panchangam RL, Manickam V, Chanda K. Assembly of Fully Substituted 2H-Indazoles Catalyzed by Cu 2 O Rhombic Dodecahedra and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:262-272. [PMID: 30422389 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous C-N, and N-N bond-forming methods for one-pot transformations are highly challenging in synthetic organic chemistry. In this study, the Cu2 O rhombic dodecahedra-catalyzed synthesis of 2H-indazoles is demonstrated with good to excellent yields from readily available chemicals. This one-pot procedure involves Cu2 O nanoparticle-catalyzed consecutive C-N, and N-N bond formation followed by cyclization to yield 2H-indazoles with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. Various cell-based bioassay studies demonstrated that 2H-indazoles inhibit the growth of cancer cells, typically through induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, 2H-indazoles tested in the MDA-MB-468 cell line were capable of inhibiting cancer cell migration and invasion. Thus, it is shown that 2H-indazoles have potent in vitro anticancer activity that warrant further investigation of this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeeva Lochana Panchangam
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
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Alam P, Al-Yousef HM, Siddiqui NA, Alhowiriny TA, Alqasoumi SI, Amina M, Hassan WHB, Abdelaziz S, Abdalla RH. Anticancer activity and concurrent analysis of ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and lupeol in three different Hibiscus species (aerial parts) by validated HPTLC method. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1060-1067. [PMID: 30416363 PMCID: PMC6218379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Hibiscus contains about 275 species of flowering plants widely grown in the tropics and sub-tropics. The available literature revealed that several Hibiscus species exhibited excellent anticancer activity against several cancer cells like lung, breast, and liver. This motivated the authors to explore the anticancer property of other Hibiscus species (Hibiscus calyphyllus, H. deflersii and H. micranthus) along with development of a validated HPTLC method for the concurrent analysis of three anticancer biomarkers (ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and lupeol) in different Hibiscus species. The anticancer activity of various fractions (petroleum ether, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) of all the Hibiscus species (aerial parts) were evaluated in vitro against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines using MTT assay. The HPTLC analysis was carried out using chloroform and methanol as mobile phase (97:3; v/v) on 20 × 10 cm glass-backed silica gel 60F254 plates and analyzed different phytoconstituents present in all fractions at λ = 575 nm wavelength. Of the tested fractions of H. calyphyllus, H. deflersii and H. micranthus, HdP (H. deflersii petroleum ether fraction) exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect on HepG2 and MCF-7 (IC50: 14.4 and 11.1 μg/mL, respectively) cell lines. Using the developed HPTLC method a compact and intense peak of ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and lupeol were obtained at Rf = 0.22, 0.39 and 0.51, respectively. The LOD/LOQ (ng) for ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and lupeol were found as 42.30/128.20, 13.20/40.01 and 31.57/95.68, respectively in the linearity range 100–1200 ng/spot. The obtained result showed maximum presence of ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and lupeol (5.50, 11.85 and 7.47 μg/mg, respectively) in HdP which also supported its strong anticancer effect. Our data suggest that H. deflersii petroleum ether fraction (HdP) can be further subjected to the isolation of active cytotoxic phytoconstituents and establishment of their mechanism of action. The maiden developed HPTLC method for concurrent analysis of anticancer biomarkers may be further employed in the in process quality control of herbal formulation containing the said biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Al-Yousef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir A Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfeq A Alhowiriny
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I Alqasoumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sahar Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rehab H Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
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Liu P, Zhao H, Luo Y. Anti-Aging Implications of Astragalus Membranaceus (Huangqi): A Well-Known Chinese Tonic. Aging Dis 2017; 8:868-886. [PMID: 29344421 PMCID: PMC5758356 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a dramatic increase in average life expectancy and the Family Planning program of the 1970s - 1990s, China is rapidly becoming an aging society. Therefore, the investigation of healthspan-extending drugs becomes more urgent. Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) is a major medicinal herb that has been commonly used in many herbal formulations in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of diseases and body disorders, or marketed as life-prolonging extracts for human use in China, for more than 2000 years. The major components of Astragalus membranaceus are polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Pharmacological research indicates that the extract component of Astragalus membranaceus can increase telomerase activity, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, expectorant, and diuretic effects. A proprietary extract of the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus, called TA-65, was associated with a significant age-reversal effect in the immune system. Our review focuses on the function and the underlying mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus in lifespan extension, anti-vascular aging, anti-brain aging, and anti-cancer effects, based on experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhou Z, Meng M, Ni H. Chemosensitizing Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Inducing Apoptosis and Modulating Expression of Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio and Caspases. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:462-469. [PMID: 28124680 PMCID: PMC5291085 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum-based chemotherapy is the most effective regimen for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which presents highly invasive and metastatic activity. However, the dose-related toxicity of chemotherapy agents limits the dose administration. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is the major active ingredient extracted from Chinese herb Radix Astragali and is proven to be active against carcinomas. We aimed to assess the chemosensitizing effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo and to explore the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods We used BALB/c nu/nu mice and human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE-1, CNE-2, and SUNE-1. MTT, Annexin V/PI, Western blot analysis, and TUNEL assay were carried out. Results APS significantly promoted anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of cisplatin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. APS also enhanced the anti-tumor effects and cisplatin-induced apoptosis in the xenograft model. The level of Bcl-2 decreased, while the levels of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 increased in cisplatin combined with APS treatment compared to cisplatin only treatment. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 was significantly enhanced by the APS to cisplatin. Conclusions APS enhanced the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of cisplatin by modulating expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspases on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and in the xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Minhua Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Haifeng Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Zhang K, Zeng X, Chen Y, Zhao R, Wang H, Wu J. Therapeutic effects of Qian-Yu decoction and its three extracts on carrageenan-induced chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:75. [PMID: 28122556 PMCID: PMC5264336 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qian-Yu decoction (QYD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe composed of Radix astragali (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K. Hsiao, Fabaceae ), Herba epimedii (Epimedium brevicornum Maxim., Berberidaceae), Herba leonuri (Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Lamiaceae), Cortex phellodendri (Phellodendron chinense Schneid., Rutaceae) and Radix achyranthis bidentatae (Achyranthes bidentata Bl., Amaranthaceae). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic activity of QYD against carrageenan-induced chronic prostatic/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in rats and further elucidate its effective components. METHODS Three types of components, total polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total saponins were separately extracted from QYD. Carrageenan-induced CP/CPPS rats were intragastrically administered with lyophilized product of QYD, individual extracts and all the combined forms of extracts for three weeks. Prostatic index (PI) was determined and histopathological analysis was performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) in rat prostate tissues were measured using ELISA. The production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was evaluated by an enzymatic activity assay, and the release of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by a nitrate/nitrite assay. RESULTS Treatment with QYD significantly ameliorated the histological changes of CP/CPPS rats and reduced the PI by 44.3%, with a marked downregulation of TNF-α (42.8% reduction), IL-1β (45.3%), COX-2 (36.6%), PGE2 (44.2%), iNOS (54.1%) and NO (46.0%). Each of three extracts attenuated the symptom of CP/CPPS, but much more weakly than QYD. The combined administration of three extracts showed efficacy comparable to that of QYD while better than that of any combination of two extracts. A principal component analysis of the six inflammatory mediators as variables indicated that the effects of TS on CP/CPPS were rather different from those of TF and TP, which were similar. CONCLUSIONS QYD can be beneficial in prevention and treatment of CP/CPPS. Polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins, as the major effective components of QYD, exert a cooperative effect on CP/CPPS.
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Wang MD, Wu H, Huang S, Zhang HL, Qin CJ, Zhao LH, Fu GB, Zhou X, Wang XM, Tang L, Wen W, Yang W, Tang SH, Cao D, Guo LN, Zeng M, Wu MC, Yan HX, Wang HY. HBx regulates fatty acid oxidation to promote hepatocellular carcinoma survival during metabolic stress. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6711-26. [PMID: 26744319 PMCID: PMC4872744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a high rate of nutrient consumption and inadequate vascularization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells constantly undergo metabolic stress during tumor development. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC. In this study, we investigated the functional roles of HBx in HCC adaptation to metabolic stress. Up-regulation of HBx increased the intracellular ATP and NADPH generation, and induced the resistance to glucose deprivation, whereas depletion of HBx via siRNA abolished these effects and conferred HCC cells sensitive to glucose restriction. Though HBx did not affect the glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation capacity of HCC cells under normal culture conditions, it facilitated fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the absence of glucose, which maintained NADPH and ATP levels. Further investigation showed that HBx expression, under glucose deprivation, stimulated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) via a calcium/CaMKK-dependent pathway, which was required for the activation of FAO. Conversely, inhibition of FAO by etomoxir (ETO) restored the sensitivity of HBx-expressing cells to glucose deficiency in vitro and retarded xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Finally, HBx-induced activation of the AMPK and FAO pathways were also observed in xenograft tumors and HBV-associated HCC specimens. Our data suggest that HBx plays a key role in the maintenance of redox and energy homeostasis by activating FAO, which is critical for HCC cell survival under conditions of metabolic stress and might be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Da Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Han Wu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Lu Zhang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Jie Qin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Hao Zhao
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Gong-Bo Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ming Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Liang Tang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Hua Tang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Dan Cao
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Na Guo
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Min Zeng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - He-Xin Yan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Li T, Chen X, Liu Y, Fan L, Lin L, Xu Y, Chen S, Shao J. pH-Sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles anticancer prodrugs for sustained release of ursolic acid and the enhanced anti-cancer efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:456-463. [PMID: 27771513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) as a nature product exhibits good anti-cancer activity, low toxicity, and good liver protection features. However, the low-solubility and poor bioavailability restrict its further clinical application. To overcome this problem, a pH-sensitive prodrug delivery system (UA@MSN-UA) that incorporated acid-sensitive linkage between drug and silica-based mesoporous nanosphere (MSN) was successfully designed and synthesized. The physicochemical properties of the UA@MSN-UA nanoparticles were investigated for shape, particle size, zeta potential, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were further evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity, including proliferation inhibition, cell cycle distribution and apoptotic effects against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The TEM image showed that the size of synthesized MSN nanoparticle was a near-spherical shape with ~100nm diameter. In vitro cytotoxicity testing demonstrated that UA@MSN-UA nanoparticles prodrug exhibited higher proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and significantly caused the early and late apoptosis in HepG2 cells, which would be contributed to high loading capacity, high cellular uptake and sustained release of UA. Overall, the UA-modified MSN prodrug delivery system can be a promising drug carrier for improving the bioavailability of UA, and further enhance its anti-cancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancr Metastasis Chemoprevention, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiufen Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancr Metastasis Chemoprevention, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancr Metastasis Chemoprevention, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancr Metastasis Chemoprevention, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqing Lin
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancr Metastasis Chemoprevention, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
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16
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Huang Q, Chen H, Ren Y, Wang Z, Zeng P, Li X, Wang J, Zheng X. Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and mechanism of chemopreventive compounds: ursolic acid derivatives. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3189-3196. [PMID: 27564455 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1214742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer around the world, with high mortality rate. Currently, there is no effective drug for the therapy of HCC. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural product which exists in various medicinal herbs and fruits, exhibiting multiple biological effects such as its outstanding anticancer and hepatoprotective activity, which has drawn many pharmacists' attention. OBJECTIVE This paper summarizes the current status of the hepatoprotective activity of UA analogues and explains the related mechanism, providing a clear direction for the development of novel anti-HCC drugs. METHODS All of the data resources were derived from PubMed. By comparing the IC50 values and analyzing the structure-activity relationships, we listed compounds with good pharmacological activity from the relevant literature, and summarized their anti-HCC mechanism. RESULTS From the database, 58 new UA derivatives possessing wonderful anticancer and hepatoprotective effects were listed, and the relevant anti-HCC mechanism were discussed. CONCLUSION UA's anti-HCC effect is the result of combined action of many mechanisms. These 58 new UA derivatives, particularly compounds 45 and 53, can be used as potential drugs for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Huang
- a Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
- b Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , Hengyang , China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- a Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
- b Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , Hengyang , China
| | - Yuyan Ren
- a Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
- b Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , Hengyang , China
| | - Zhe Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
- b Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , Hengyang , China
| | - Peiyu Zeng
- a Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
- b Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , Hengyang , China
- c Research Interest Group of Pharmacy , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Xuan Li
- a Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
- b Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , Hengyang , China
- c Research Interest Group of Pharmacy , University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Juan Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
- b Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , Hengyang , China
| | - Xing Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang , China
- b Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , Hengyang , China
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17
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Okur AC, Erkoc P, Kizilel S. Targeting cancer cells via tumor-homing peptide CREKA functional PEG nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:191-200. [PMID: 27513587 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeting cell microenvironment via nano-particle based therapies holds great promise for the treatment of various diseases. One of the main challenges in targeted delivery of nanoparticles for cancer therapy is the reduced localization of delivery vehicles to the tumor site. The therapeutic efficacy of drugs can be improved by recruiting delivery vehicles towards specific region of tumorigenesis in the body. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach in creating PEG particles via water-in-water emulsion technique with a tumor-homing peptide CREKA functionalization. The CREKA conjugated hydrogel nanoparticles were found to be more effective at inducing Doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated apoptosis compared to that of particles conjugated with laminin peptide IKVAV. Fluorescence intensity analysis on confocal micrographs suggested significantly higher cellular uptake of CREKA conjugated PEG particles than internalization of nanoparticles in other groups. We observed that fibrin binding ability of PEG particles could be increased up to 94% through CREKA conjugation. Our results suggest the possibility of cancer cell targeting via CREKA-functional PEG nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Ceren Okur
- Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Pelin Erkoc
- Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Seda Kizilel
- Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
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18
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Chen GJ, Chen YH, Yang XQ, Li ZJ. Nano-microcapsule basic fibroblast growth factor combined with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 improves random skin flap survival in rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1661-6. [PMID: 26707180 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nano-microcapsule-basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) combined with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) on the random skin flap survival of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish the McFarlane flap model and subsequently, all model rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, bFGF, HIF-1 and bFGF combined with HIF-1. The model rats were treated with 2.5 µg/day bFGF and 1.0 µg/day HIF-1 for 5 days by intraperitoneal injection. On day 5 following treatment, the boundaries between necrotic and surviving regions were significantly inhibited by bFGF combined with HIF-1. bFGF combined with HIF-1 inhibited oxidative stresses and inflammatory factors in random skin flap survival of rats. bFGF combined with HIF-1 also activated the protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the random skin flap survival of rats. In conclusion, nano-microcapsule bFGF combined with HIF-1 prevented random skin flap survival in rats through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and activation of the protein expression levels of COX-2 and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jun Chen
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Heng Chen
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xia-Qing Yang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jie Li
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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Woźniak Ł, Skąpska S, Marszałek K. Ursolic Acid--A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid with a Wide Spectrum of Pharmacological Activities. Molecules 2015; 20:20614-41. [PMID: 26610440 PMCID: PMC6332387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural terpene compound exhibiting many pharmaceutical properties. In this review the current state of knowledge about the health-promoting properties of this widespread, biologically active compound, as well as information about its occurrence and biosynthesis are presented. Particular attention has been paid to the application of ursolic acid as an anti-cancer agent; it is worth noticing that clinical tests suggesting the possibility of practical use of UA have already been conducted. Amongst other pharmacological properties of UA one can mention protective effect on lungs, kidneys, liver and brain, anti-inflammatory properties, anabolic effects on skeletal muscles and the ability to suppress bone density loss leading to osteoporosis. Ursolic acid also exhibits anti-microbial features against numerous strains of bacteria, HIV and HCV viruses and Plasmodium protozoa causing malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Woźniak
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Skąpska
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
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Banerjee S, Parasramka M, Paruthy SB. Polysaccharides in Cancer Prevention: From Bench to Bedside. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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21
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Banerjee S, Parasramka M, Paruthy SB. Polysaccharides in Cancer Prevention: From Bench to Bedside. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_26-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Wang L, Gao S, Jiang W, Luo C, Xu M, Bohlin L, Rosendahl M, Huang W. Antioxidative dietary compounds modulate gene expression associated with apoptosis, DNA repair, inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16226-45. [PMID: 25226533 PMCID: PMC4200804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dietary compounds are known to have health benefits owing to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. To determine the molecular mechanism of these food-derived compounds, we analyzed their effect on various genes related to cell apoptosis, DNA damage and repair, oxidation and inflammation using in vitro cell culture assays. This review further tests the hypothesis proposed previously that downstream products of COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) called electrophilic oxo-derivatives induce antioxidant responsive elements (ARE), which leads to cell proliferation under antioxidative conditions. Our findings support this hypothesis and show that cell proliferation was inhibited when COX-2 was down-regulated by polyphenols and polysaccharides. Flattened macrophage morphology was also observed following the induction of cytokine production by polysaccharides extracted from viili, a traditional Nordic fermented dairy product. Coix lacryma-jobi (coix) polysaccharides were found to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and induce caspase-3- and 9-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, polyphenols from blueberries were involved in the ultraviolet-activated p53/Gadd45/MDM2 DNA repair system by restoring the cell membrane potential. Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by saponin extracts of ginsenoside (Ginsen) and Gynostemma and inhibition of S100A4 by coix polysaccharides inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. These observations suggest that antioxidants and changes in cell membrane potential are the major driving forces that transfer signals through the cell membrane into the cytosol and nucleus, triggering gene expression, changes in cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis or DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shijuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
| | - Maonian Xu
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Food Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki F-00014, Finland.
| | - Lars Bohlin
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Center University of Uppsala, Uppsala 75123, Sweden.
| | | | - Wenlin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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