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Yamagishi H. Human Genetics of Truncus Arteriosus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:841-852. [PMID: 38884753 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Integrated human genetics and molecular/developmental biology studies have revealed that truncus arteriosus is highly associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Other congenital malformation syndromes and variants in genes encoding TBX, GATA, and NKX transcription factors and some signaling proteins have also been reported as its etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Yamaguchi N, Chang EW, Lin Z, Shekhar A, Bu L, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Tsirigos A, Cen Y, Phoon CKL, Moskowitz IP, Park DS. An Anterior Second Heart Field Enhancer Regulates the Gene Regulatory Network of the Cardiac Outflow Tract. Circulation 2023; 148:1705-1722. [PMID: 37772400 PMCID: PMC10905423 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conotruncal defects due to developmental abnormalities of the outflow tract (OFT) are an important cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Dysregulation of transcriptional programs tuned by NKX2-5 (NK2 homeobox 5), GATA6 (GATA binding protein 6), and TBX1 (T-box transcription factor 1) have been implicated in abnormal OFT morphogenesis. However, there remains no consensus on how these transcriptional programs function in a unified gene regulatory network within the OFT. METHODS We generated mice harboring a 226-nucleotide deletion of a highly conserved cardiac enhancer containing 2 GATA-binding sites located ≈9.4 kb upstream of the transcription start site of Nkx2-5 (Nkx2-5∆enh) using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and assessed phenotypes. Cardiac defects in Nkx2-5∆enh/∆enh mice were structurally characterized using histology and scanning electron microscopy, and physiologically assessed using electrocardiography, echocardiography, and optical mapping. Transcriptome analyses were performed using RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing data sets. Endogenous GATA6 interaction with and activity on the NKX2-5 enhancer was studied using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RESULTS Nkx2-5∆enh/∆enh mice recapitulated cyanotic conotruncal defects seen in patients with NKX2-5, GATA6, and TBX1 mutations. Nkx2-5∆enh/∆enh mice also exhibited defects in right Purkinje fiber network formation, resulting in right bundle-branch block. Enhancer deletion reduced embryonic Nkx2-5 expression selectively in the right ventricle and OFT of mutant hearts, indicating that enhancer activity is localized to the anterior second heart field. Transcriptional profiling of the mutant OFT revealed downregulation of important genes involved in OFT rotation and septation, such as Tbx1, Pitx2, and Sema3c. Endogenous GATA6 interacted with the highly conserved enhancer in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and in wild-type mouse hearts. We found critical dose dependency of cardiac enhancer accessibility on GATA6 gene dosage in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results using human and mouse models reveal an essential gene regulatory network of the OFT that requires an anterior second heart field enhancer to link GATA6 with NKX2-5-dependent rotation and septation gene programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yamaguchi
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ernest W. Chang
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ziyan Lin
- NYU Applied Bioinformatics Labs, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, TRB, New York, NY,10016, USA
| | - Akshay Shekhar
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotechnology, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Lei Bu
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- NYU Applied Bioinformatics Labs, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, TRB, New York, NY,10016, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- NYU Applied Bioinformatics Labs, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, TRB, New York, NY,10016, USA
| | - Yiyun Cen
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Colin K. L. Phoon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Fink Children’s Center, 160 East 32nd Street, 2nd floor/L-3, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, KCBD Room 5102, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David S. Park
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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3
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Chui MMC, Mak CCY, Yu MHC, Wong SYY, Lun KS, Yung TC, Kwong AKY, Chow PC, Chung BHY. Evaluating High-Confidence Genes in Conotruncal Cardiac Defects by Gene Burden Analyses. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028226. [PMID: 36789878 PMCID: PMC10111484 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background In nonsyndromic conotruncal cardiac defects, the use of next-generation sequencing for clinical diagnosis is increasingly adopted, but gene-disease associations in research are only partially translated to diagnostic panels, suggesting a need for evidence-based consensus. Methods and Results In an exome data set of 245 patients with conotruncal cardiac defects, we performed burden analysis on a high-confidence congenital heart disease gene list (n=132) with rare (<0.01%) and ultrarare (absent in the Genome Aggregation Database) protein-altering variants. Overall, we confirmed an excess of rare variants compared with ethnicity-matched controls and identified 2 known genes (GATA6, NOTCH1) and 4 candidate genes supported by the literature (ANKRD11, DOCK6, NPHP4, and STRA6). Ultrarare variant analysis was performed in combination with 3 other published studies (n=1451) and identified 3 genes (FLT4, NOTCH1, TBX1) to be significant, whereas a subgroup analysis involving 391 Chinese subjects identified only GATA6 as significant. Conclusions We suggest that these significant genes in our rare and ultrarare burden analyses warrant prioritization for clinical testing implied for rare inherited and de novo variants. Additionally, associations on ClinVar for these genes were predominantly variants of uncertain significance. Therefore, a more stringent assessment of gene-disease associations in a larger and ethnically diverse cohort is required to be prudent for future curation of conotruncal cardiac defect genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M C Chui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Christopher C Y Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mullin H C Yu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sandra Y Y Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kin-Shing Lun
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The Hong Kong Children's Hospital Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tak-Cheung Yung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The Hong Kong Children's Hospital Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Anna K Y Kwong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Pak-Cheong Chow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The Hong Kong Children's Hospital Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The Hong Kong Children's Hospital Hong Kong SAR China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong SAR China
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4
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Functional characterization of GATA6 genetic variants associated with mild congenital heart defects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:77-83. [PMID: 36525927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Damaging GATA6 variants can cause moderate congenital heart defects. With the application of next-generation sequencing approaches, various novel GATA6 variants with unknown significance have been identified from a broad spectrum of congenital heart defects. However, functional assessment for distinct GATA6 variants from different severity of congenital heart defects, especially from mild defects, is lacking, which hinders our understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations and underlying mechanisms. Here, we assessed the functional consequences of nine rare GATA6 variants, which had been implicated as the most significant variants associated with mild congenital heart defects using the largest case and control cohort. We examined the effects of these variants on subcellular localization, transcriptional activity, and protein interactions in 293T or AC16 cells and their ability to rescue heart malformation in gata6 zebrafish mutant. We found that two of these nine variants, Q120X and S424I, significantly decreased transcriptional activity. Additionally, Q120X altered subcellular localization. Consistent with the in vitro results, the in vivo results showed that Q120X and S424I lost their potency to rescue ventricular malformation in gata6 -/- embryos. The results indicated that Q120X and S424I are pathogenic in mild congenital heart defects. Further, the inconsistence of severely impaired Q120X function and mild CHDs phenotype suggested the complexity of the genotype-phenotype correlation between the GATA6 variant and heart phenotype, which may help to inform prenatal genetic counseling and pre-implantation genotyping for congenital heart defects.
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5
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Mubeen H, Farooq M, Rehman AU, Zubair M, Haque A. Gene expression and transcriptional regulation driven by transcription factors involved in congenital heart defects. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 192:595-604. [PMID: 35441975 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most important birth defects caused by more than one mutated gene. Mutations in the genes could cause different types of congenital heart defects including atrial septal defect (ASD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and ventricular septal defect (VSD). OBJECTIVES Cardiac transcription factors are key players for heart development and are actively involved in controlling stress regulation of the heart. Transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that control the process of transcription and work in a synergistic manner. We aim to characterize core cardiac transcription factors including NKX2-5, TBX, SRF, GATA4, and MEF2, which encode homeobox and MADS domain and play a crucial role in heart development. METHODS In this study, we have explored the important transcription factors involved in cardiac development and genes controlling the expression and regulation process by using the bioinformatics approach. RESULTS We have predicted the orthologs and homologs based on their evolutionary history, conserved protein domains, functional sites, and 3D structures for better understanding and presentation of factors responsible for causing CHD. Results showed the importance of these transcription factors for normal heart functioning and development. CONCLUSION Understanding the molecular pathways and genetic basis of CHD will help to open a new door for the treatment of patients with cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Mubeen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. .,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Haque
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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6
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Škorić-Milosavljević D, Tjong FVY, Barc J, Backx APCM, Clur SAB, van Spaendonck-Zwarts K, Oostra RJ, Lahrouchi N, Beekman L, Bökenkamp R, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM, Mulder BJ, Lodder EM, Bezzina CR, Postma AV. GATA6 mutations: Characterization of two novel patients and a comprehensive overview of the GATA6 genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1836-1845. [PMID: 31301121 PMCID: PMC6772993 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first human mutations in GATA6 were described in a cohort of patients with persistent truncus arteriosus, and the phenotypic spectrum has expanded since then. This study underscores the broad phenotypic spectrum by presenting two patients with de novo GATA6 mutations, both exhibiting complex cardiac defects, pancreatic, and other abnormalities. Furthermore, we provided a detailed overview of all published human genetic variation in/near GATA6 published to date and the associated phenotypes (n = 78). We conclude that the most common phenotypes associated with a mutation in GATA6 were structural cardiac and pancreatic abnormalities, with a penetrance of 87 and 60%, respectively. Other common malformations were gallbladder agenesis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and neurocognitive abnormalities, mostly developmental delay. Fifty-eight percent of the mutations were de novo, and these patients more often had an anomaly of intracardiac connections, an anomaly of the great arteries, and hypothyroidism, compared with those with inherited mutations. Functional studies mostly support loss-of-function as the pathophysiological mechanism. In conclusion, GATA6 mutations give a wide range of phenotypic defects, most frequently malformations of the heart and pancreas. This highlights the importance of detailed clinical evaluation of identified carriers to evaluate their full phenotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Škorić-Milosavljević
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur V Y Tjong
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Barc
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad P C M Backx
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sally-Ann B Clur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roelof-Jan Oostra
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najim Lahrouchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leander Beekman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Bökenkamp
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Barbara J Mulder
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Wang E, Nie Y, Fan X, Zheng Z, Hu S. Intronic Polymorphisms in Gene of Second Heart Field as Risk Factors for Human Congenital Heart Disease in a Chinese Population. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:521-531. [PMID: 31013439 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factors and signaling factors in the second heart field (SHF) contribute to cardiac development. However, the associations of intronic gene variants in the SHF with congenital heart disease (CHD) remain ununderstood. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from our previous sequencing data were selected and then genotyped in 383 CHD patients and 384 healthy controls in a Chinese population. Genotype analyses revealed that minor alleles in TBX1: rs12165908 C > G [odds ratio (OR) = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.87-3.73, p = 3.03 × 10-8] and GATA6: rs143085291 C > T (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.18-5.29, p = 0.01) increased CHD risk significantly. Meanwhile, FGF10: rs78454549 T > C and GATA4: rs13275657 A>G polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased risk of simple CHDs. The minor allele C in GATA4: rs17153694 T > C increased the risk of tetralogy of Fallot, whereas minor alleles in TBX1: rs41298006 G>A, FGF10: rs75629618 C>T, FGF10: rs10461755 G>A, FGF10: rs75632187 A>G, and FGF10: rs12518964 G > A were associated with increased risk of single ventricle. The minor allele T in rs143085291 in GATA6 enhancer decreased the transcription level in luciferase assay. Our findings suggest that intronic SNPs in transcriptional factors and signaling factors in the SHF are significantly associated with increased risk of different CHD types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enshi Wang
- 1 Center for Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Nie
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Fan
- 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- 1 Center for Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- 1 Center for Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Tremblay M, Sanchez-Ferras O, Bouchard M. GATA transcription factors in development and disease. Development 2018; 145:145/20/dev164384. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.164384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The GATA family of transcription factors is of crucial importance during embryonic development, playing complex and widespread roles in cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis. GATA proteins are essential for the development of tissues derived from all three germ layers, including the skin, brain, gonads, liver, hematopoietic, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. The crucial activity of GATA factors is underscored by the fact that inactivating mutations in most GATA members lead to embryonic lethality in mouse models and are often associated with developmental diseases in humans. In this Primer, we discuss the unique and redundant functions of GATA proteins in tissue morphogenesis, with an emphasis on their regulation of lineage specification and early organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
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9
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Thomford NE, Dzobo K, Yao NA, Chimusa E, Evans J, Okai E, Kruszka P, Muenke M, Awandare G, Wonkam A, Dandara C. Genomics and Epigenomics of Congenital Heart Defects: Expert Review and Lessons Learned in Africa. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 22:301-321. [PMID: 29762087 PMCID: PMC6016577 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are structural malformations found at birth with a prevalence of 1%. The clinical trajectory of CHD is highly variable and thus in need of robust diagnostics and therapeutics. Major surgical interventions are often required for most CHDs. In Africa, despite advances in life sciences infrastructure and improving education of medical scholars, the limited clinical data suggest that CHD detection and correction are still not at par with the rest of the world. But the toll and genetics of CHDs in Africa has seldom been systematically investigated. We present an expert review on CHD with lessons learned on Africa. We found variable CHD phenotype prevalence in Africa across countries and populations. There are important gaps and paucity in genomic studies of CHD in African populations. Among the available genomic studies, the key findings in Africa were variants in GATA4 (P193H), MTHFR 677TT, and MTHFR 1298CC that were associated with atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect (VSD), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and patent ductus arteriosus phenotypes and 22q.11 deletion, which is associated with TOF. There were no data on epigenomic association of CHD in Africa, however, other studies have shown an altered expression of miR-421 and miR-1233-3p to be associated with TOF and hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter of SCO2 gene also been associated with TOF and VSD in children with non-syndromic CHD. These findings signal the urgent need to develop and implement genetic and genomic research on CHD to identify the hereditary and genome-environment interactions contributing to CHD. These projected studies would also offer comparisons on CHD pathophysiology between African and other populations worldwide. Genomic research on CHD in Africa should be developed in parallel with next generation technology policy research and responsible innovation frameworks that examine the social and political factors that shape the emergence and societal embedding of new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- 1 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
- 2 School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Kevin Dzobo
- 3 ICGEB, Cape Town Component, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
- 4 Division of Medical Biochemistry, IIDMM, Department of IBM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nana Akyaa Yao
- 5 National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra, Ghana
- 6 University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana , Accra, Ghana
| | - Emile Chimusa
- 1 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Evans
- 1 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Okai
- 2 School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast, Ghana
- 7 Cape Coast Teaching Hospital , Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Paul Kruszka
- 8 National Human Genome Research Institute, Medical Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- 8 National Human Genome Research Institute, Medical Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gordon Awandare
- 9 Department of Biochemistry, WACCBIP, University of Ghana , Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- 1 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- 1 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Soheili F, Jalili Z, Rahbar M, Khatooni Z, Mashayekhi A, Jafari H. Novel mutation of GATA4 gene in Kurdish population of Iran with nonsyndromic congenital heart septals defects. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2018; 13:295-304. [PMID: 29377543 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutations in GATA4 gene induce inherited atrial and ventricular septation defects, which is the most frequent forms of congenital heart defects (CHDs) constituting about half of all cases. METHOD We have performed High resolution melting (HRM) mutation scanning of GATA4 coding exons of nonsyndrome 100 patients as a case group including 39 atrial septal defects (ASD), 57 ventricular septal defects (VSD) and four patients with both above defects and 50 healthy individuals as a control group. Our samples are categorized according to their HRM graph. The genome sequencing has been done for 15 control samples and 25 samples of patients whose HRM analysis were similar to healthy subjects for each exon. The PolyPhen-2 and MUpro have been used to determine the causative possibility and structural stability prediction of GATA4 sequence variation. RESULTS The HRM curve analysis exhibit that 21 patients and 3 normal samples have deviated curves for GATA4 coding exons. Sequencing analysis has revealed 12 nonsynonymous mutations while all of them resulted in stability structure of protein 10 of them are pathogenic and 2 of them are benign. Also we found two nucleotide deletions which one of them was novel and one new indel mutation resulting in frame shift mutation, and 4 synonymous variations or polymorphism in 6 of patients and 3 of normal individuals. Six or about 50% of these nonsynonymous mutations have not been previously reported. CONCLUSION Our results show that there is a spectrum of GATA4 mutations resulting in septal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Soheili
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IR, Iran.,Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, IR, Iran
| | - Zahra Jalili
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR, Iran
| | - Mahtab Rahbar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran Medical University of Medical Science, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Zahed Khatooni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IR, Iran
| | - Amir Mashayekhi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Jafari
- Department of Statistic and Basic Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, IR, Iran
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11
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Zhang E, Hong N, Chen S, Fu Q, Li F, Yu Y, Sun K. Targeted sequencing identifies novel GATA6 variants in a large cohort of patients with conotruncal heart defects. Gene 2017; 641:341-348. [PMID: 29101065 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have highlighted the critical role of GATA6 in conotruncal heart defects (CTDs). Nevertheless, relationship between GATA6 variants and different CTDs remains largely unknown. Here GATA6 gene was screened in 542 patients with CTDs using targeted sequencing. Variant frequency was 2.0% (11/542). Three novel variants: c.86C>A (p.A29E), c.296T>A (p.V99D) and c.1254delC (p.S418fs) were identified in patients with transposition of the great arteries, double outlet right ventricle and persistent truncus arteriosus, respectively, but in none of the 400 controls. Western blot revealed that A29E and V99D mutant protein had similar expression pattern with wild-type GATA6 protein, but S418fs mutant protein appeared as a truncated doublet. Reporter gene assay demonstrated that A29E and V99D mutant protein retained the ability to activate BNP and ANF promoter, whereas S418fs mutant protein failed to transactivate both of them, compared with wild-type. Subcellular localization of wild-type, A29E and V99D mutant protein were in the nucleus, while S418fs mutant protein was expressed both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In conclusion, GATA6 variant frequency in sporadic CTDs patients was higher than that in other congenital heart diseases. Variant c.1254delC was a pathogenic variant associated with CTDs, especially PTA, whereas c.86C>A and c.296T>A should be considered as likely pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erge Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nanchao Hong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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12
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Zhang M, Li FX, Liu XY, Hou JY, Ni SH, Wang J, Zhao CM, Zhang W, Kong Y, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang YQ. TBX1 loss-of-function mutation contributes to congenital conotruncal defects. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:447-453. [PMID: 29250159 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conotruncal defects (CTDs) account for ~30% of all types of congenital heart disease and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of CTDs. Mutations in a number of genes, including the TBX1 gene that codes for a T-box transcription factor essential for normal cardiovascular development, may contribute to the development of CTD. CTDs are genetically heterogeneous and the genetic defects responsible for CTDs in the majority of patients remain unknown. The present study sequenced the coding regions and splicing junction boundaries of TBX1 in 136 patients with CTDs and 300 matched healthy individuals. The disease-causing potential of the identified TBX1 sequence variation was evaluated using MutationTaster, PolyPhen-2, SIFT and PROVEN software. The functional characteristics of the mutant TBX1 gene were defined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. A novel heterozygous TBX1 mutation, p.S233Y, was identified in a patient with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and a ventricular septal defect. This mutation was absent in the 300 controls and altered the amino acid produced, serine, which is evolutionarily conserved across several species, and was predicted to be pathogenic in silico. Luciferase assays conducted in COS-7 cells demonstrated that the newly identified TBX1 mutation was associated with significantly diminished transcriptional activation of the ANF promoter compared with the wild-type TBX1. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to associate a TBX1 loss-of-function mutation with enhanced susceptibility to TGA, which adds significant insight to the molecular mechanism of TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Xing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Baoshan Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200431, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ye Kong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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13
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Zhang M, Li FX, Liu XY, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang XX, Li YJ, Liu H, Shi HY, Pan X, Qiu XB, Yang YQ. MESP1 loss-of-function mutation contributes to double outlet right ventricle. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2747-2754. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Li YJ, Yang YQ. An update on the molecular diagnosis of congenital heart disease: focus on loss-of-function mutations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:393-401. [PMID: 28274167 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Xu YJ, Qiu XB, Yuan F, Shi HY, Xu L, Hou XM, Qu XK, Liu X, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang YQ, Li RG. Prevalence and spectrum of NKX2.5 mutations in patients with congenital atrial septal defect and atrioventricular block. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2247-2254. [PMID: 28259982 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and progressive atriventricular block (AVB) are the two most common phenotypes linked to NK2 homeobox 5 (NKX2.5) mutations in animals and humans. However, the prevalence and spectrum of NKX2.5 mutation in patients with ASD and AVB remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the coding exons and flanking introns of the NKX2.5 gene, which encodes a homeobox‑containing transcription factor essential for development of the heart, were sequenced in a cohort of 62 unrelated patients with ASD and AVB, and subsequently in a mutation carrier's available family members. As controls, 300 unrelated, ethnically‑matched healthy individuals were recruited, who were also genotyped for NKX2.5. The functional consequence of the mutant NKX2.5 was evaluated in contrast to its wild‑type counterpart using a dual‑luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, a novel heterozygous NKX2.5 mutation, p.Q181X, was identified in an index patient with ASD and AVB, with a prevalence of ~1.61%. Genetic analysis of the proband's pedigree revealed that the mutation co‑segregated with ASD and AVB with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation, which eliminated partial homeobox and the carboxyl terminus, was absent in the 600 control chromosomes. Functional evaluation showed that the NKX2.5 mutant had no transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the mutation disrupted the synergistic activation between NKX2.5 and GATA binding protein 4, another cardiac core transcription factor associated with ASD. The results of the present study expand the spectrum of NKX2.5 mutations linked to ASD and AVB, and indicated that NKX2.5 loss‑of‑function mutations are an uncommon cause of ASD and AVB in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Min Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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16
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Zhou YM, Dai XY, Huang RT, Xue S, Xu YJ, Qiu XB, Yang YQ. A novel TBX20 loss-of-function mutation contributes to adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy or congenital atrial septal defect. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3307-14. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Borok MJ, Papaioannou VE, Sussel L. Unique functions of Gata4 in mouse liver induction and heart development. Dev Biol 2016; 410:213-222. [PMID: 26687508 PMCID: PMC4758879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gata4 and Gata6 are closely related transcription factors that are essential for the development of a number of embryonic tissues. While they have nearly identical DNA-binding domains and similar patterns of expression, Gata4 and Gata6 null embryos have strikingly different embryonic lethal phenotypes. To determine whether the lack of redundancy is due to differences in protein function or Gata4 and Gata6 expression domains, we generated mice that contained the Gata6 cDNA in place of the Gata4 genomic locus. Gata4(Gata6/Gata6) embryos survived through embryonic day (E)12.5 and successfully underwent ventral folding morphogenesis, demonstrating that Gata6 is able to replace Gata4 function in extraembryonic tissues. Surprisingly, Gata6 is unable to replace Gata4 function in the septum transversum mesenchyme or the epicardium, leading to liver agenesis and lethal heart defects in Gata4(Gata6/Gata6) embryos. These studies suggest that Gata4 has evolved distinct functions in the development of these tissues that cannot be performed by Gata6, even when it is provided in the identical expression domain. Our work has important implications for the respective mechanisms of Gata function during development, as well as the functional evolution of these essential transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Borok
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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LU CAIXIA, GONG HAIRONG, LIU XINGYUAN, WANG JUAN, ZHAO CUIMEI, HUANG RITAI, XUE SONG, YANG YIQING. A novel HAND2 loss-of-function mutation responsible for tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:445-51. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Zhang XL, Dai N, Tang K, Chen YQ, Chen W, Wang J, Zhao CM, Yuan F, Qiu XB, Qu XK, Yang YQ, Xu YW. GATA5 loss-of-function mutation in familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:763-70. [PMID: 25543888 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most common form of primary myocardial disease, is an important cause of sudden cardiac death and heart failure and is the leading indication for heart transplantation in children and adults worldwide. Recent studies have revealed a strong genetic basis for idiopathic DCM, with many distinct genes causally implicated. Nevertheless, DCM is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and the genetic determinants underlying DCM in a substantial proportion of patients remain unclear. In this study, the whole coding exons and flanking introns of the GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5) gene, which codes for a zinc-finger transcription factor essential for cardiovascular development and structural remodeling, were sequenced in 130 unrelated patients with idiopathic DCM. The available relatives of the index patient carrying an identified mutation and 200 unrelated ethnically matched healthy individuals used as the controls were genotyped for GATA5. The functional characteristics of the mutant GATA5 were analyzed in contrast to its wild-type counterpart by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, a novel heterozygous GATA5 mutation, p.G240D, was identified in a family with DCM inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which co-segregated with DCM in the family with complete penetrance. The missense mutation was absent in 400 reference chromosomes and the altered amino acid was completely conserved evolutionarily across species. Functional analyses revealed that the GATA5 mutant was associated with significantly diminished transcriptional activity. This study firstly links GATA5 mutation to DCM, which provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of DCM, suggesting a potential molecular target for the prenatal prophylaxis and allele-specific treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Neng Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- Department of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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20
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PAN YUN, GENG RUI, ZHOU NING, ZHENG GUIFEN, ZHAO HONG, WANG JUAN, ZHAO CUIMEI, QIU XINGBIAO, YANG YIQING, LIU XINGYUAN. TBX20 loss-of-function mutation contributes to double outlet right ventricle. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1058-66. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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