1
|
Li M, Zhao X. LILRB4 in acute myeloid leukemia: From prognostic biomarker to immunotherapeutic target. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01138. [PMID: 38973293 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) B4 (also known as ILT3/CD85k) is an immune checkpoint protein that is highly expressed in solid tumors and hematological malignancies and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of cancer. LILRB4 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and this phenotype is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Its differential expression in tumors compared to normal tissues, its presence in tumor stem cells, and its multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis position it as a promising therapeutic target in AML. Currently, several immunotherapies targeting LILRB4 are undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes advancements made in the study of LILRB4 in AML, focusing on its structure, ligands, expression, and significance in normal tissues and AML; its protumorigenic effects and mechanisms in AML; and the application of LILRB4-targeted therapies in AML. These insights highlight the potential advantages of LILRB4 as an immunotherapeutic target in the context of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao Q, Mo S, Han C, Liao X, Yang C, Wang X, Liang T, He Y, Chen Z, Zhu G, Su H, Ye X, Peng T. Comprehensive analysis of LILR family genes expression and tumour-infiltrating immune cells in early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. IET Syst Biol 2023; 17:39-57. [PMID: 36748687 PMCID: PMC10116025 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs) are closely related to tumourigenesis, but their clinical value in early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after pancreaticoduodenectomy remains unknown. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models is used to investigate the association between LILR expression and prognosis in tumour biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Risk score was calculated for each patient based on the prognostic model. DAVID, STRING, GeneMANIA, and GSEA were used to conduct pathway and functional analyses. The CIBERSORT algorithm is used to analyse tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Survival analysis showed that high levels of LILRA4 (p = 0.006) and LILRB4 (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with better overall survival. High levels of LILRA2 (p = 0.008) and LILRB4 (p = 0.038) were significantly associated with better relapse-free survival. JAK-STAT signalling pathway, regulation of T cell activation, regulation of the immune effector process, and tumour necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production were involved in molecular mechanisms that affected poor prognoses in the high-risk group in GSEA. CIBERSORT demonstrated that the high-risk group had significantly higher infiltrating fraction of memory-activated CD4 T cells and activated NK cells and lower fraction of resting dendritic cells and neutrophils. LILRB4 plays crucial roles in affecting the clinical outcomes of early-stage PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shutian Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyi Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongfei He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu Y, Lu X, Qiu W, Liu H, Wang Q, Chen Y, Liu W, Feng F, Sun H. The Role of Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors Focusing on the Therapeutic Implications of the Subfamily B2. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1430-1452. [PMID: 36017847 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220822201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILRs) are constituted by five inhibitory subpopulations (LILRB1-5) and six stimulatory subpopulations (LILRA1-6). The LILR populations substantially reside in immune cells, especially myeloid cells, functioning as a regulator in immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory responses, during which the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are widely involved. In addition, LILRs are also distributed in certain tumor cells, implicated in the malignancy progression. Collectively, the suppressive Ig-like LILRB2 is relatively well-studied to date. Herein, we summarized the whole family of LILRs and their biologic function in various diseases upon ligation to the critical ligands, therefore providing more information on their potential roles in these pathological processes and giving the clinical significance of strategies targeting LILRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Hu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, 223005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Role of ANGPTL Gene Family Members in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1844352. [PMID: 35692877 PMCID: PMC9177307 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1844352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly aggressive with a poor prognosis and survival rate. Certain ANGPTL members have been implicated in tumor progression. However, the relevance of the ANGPTL gene family to HCC remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the role of ANGPTLs in the prognosis of HCC. Methods From the CCLE database, we studied the expression of ANGPTLs in a range of cancer cell lines. The UCSC, HCCDB, and Human Protein Atlas databases were used to analyze the differences in mRNA and protein expression of ANGPTLs in HCC tissues. Additionally, the correlation between ANGPTL mRNA and methylation levels and clinicopathological features were assessed in the TCGA database. The correlation between ANGPTL mRNA and overall survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier plotter. cBioPortal database was used to analyze ANGPTL genomic alterations. Genes associated with ANGPTLs were determined by enrichment with KEGG. Moreover, the differentially expressed genes of ANGPTLs were analyzed by the LinkedOmics database, and the KEGG pathway and miRNA targets of ANGPTLs were also enriched. Results There was a significant correlation between the ANGPTL members (excluding ANGPTL2) and the prognosis of HCC patients according to the Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis (p < 0.05). ANGPTL1 was the gene with the highest mutation frequency. ANGPTLs are involved in certain pathways that may influence the development of HCC. Conclusion In summary, the expression of some members of ANGPTLs was significantly correlated with HCC prognosis, suggesting that the ANGPTL gene family members may be promising molecular markers for HCC treatment and prognosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
De Louche CD, Roghanian A. Human inhibitory leukocyte Ig-like receptors: from immunotolerance to immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151553. [PMID: 35076022 PMCID: PMC8855791 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
6
|
Deng M, Chen H, Liu X, Huang R, He Y, Yoo B, Xie J, John S, Zhang N, An Z, Zhang CC. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B: therapeutic targets in cancer. Antib Ther 2021; 4:16-33. [PMID: 33928233 PMCID: PMC7944505 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs 1–5) transduce signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs that recruit phosphatases to negatively regulate immune activation. The activation of LILRB signaling in immune cells may contribute to immune evasion. In addition, the expression and signaling of LILRBs in cancer cells especially in certain hematologic malignant cells directly support cancer development. Certain LILRBs thus have dual roles in cancer biology—as immune checkpoint molecules and tumor-supporting factors. Here, we review the expression, ligands, signaling, and functions of LILRBs, as well as therapeutic development targeting them. LILRBs may represent attractive targets for cancer treatment, and antagonizing LILRB signaling may prove to be effective anti-cancer strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yubo He
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Byounggyu Yoo
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel John
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Angiopoietin-like protein 1 inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells via suppress Slug expression. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:35-44. [PMID: 30610511 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of ANGPTL1 in cancer development is still little known, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the clinical significance of ANGPTL1 expression in CRC tissues and its potential role in the progression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC cells, which has not been reported to our knowledge. ANGPTL1 expression in CRC tissues was much lower that than in paired adjacent normal tissues by IHC, WB and qRT-PCR assays. ANGPTL1 positive expression was negatively associated with tumor size (P = 0.034), T stage (P = 0.015), lymph nodes metastasis (P = 0.045) and TNM stage (P = 0.009) and poor prognosis of CRC patients (P = 0.003). In vitro, ANGPTL1 showed decreasing expression in CRC cell lines from primary tumor to ascites metastasis. Meanwhile, ANGPTL1 silencing enhanced EMT in HCT116 cells followed with the increase of Slug, Fibronectin and Vimentin, the decrease of E-cad, and the enhancement of EMT-like cell morphology and cell invasion and migration. Low ANGPTL1 expression is closely associated with multiple clinical significance and prognosis of CRC patients. ANGPTL1 inhibits EMT of CRC cells via inhibiting E-cad suppressor Slug expression.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Angiopoietins play important roles in angiogenesis and the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) are identified as proteins structurally similar to angiopoietins, and the ANGPTL family now consists of eight members. ANGPTLs are secretary proteins, and some ANGPTLs are not only angiogenic factors but also proteins with multiple functions such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, redox regulation and chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is one of the key factors in carcinogenesis and cancer growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. ANGPTL 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 are pro-inflammatory factors and regulate cancer progression, while ANGPTL1 inhibits tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. In this review, we describe the roles of ANGPTLs in cancer progression and discuss the possibility of disturbing the progression of cancer by regulating ANGPTLs expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoyoshi Endo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
ILT4 functions as a potential checkpoint molecule for tumor immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:278-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
10
|
Angiopoietin-Like Proteins in Angiogenesis, Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020431. [PMID: 29389861 PMCID: PMC5855653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of secreted factors by tumor cells or cells of the tumor microenvironment is a key event in cancer development and progression. In the last decade, emerging evidences supported the autocrine and paracrine activity of the members of the Angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) protein family in angiogenesis, inflammation and in the regulation of different steps of carcinogenesis and metastasis development. Thus, ANGPTL proteins become attractive either as prognostic or predictive biomarkers, or as novel target for cancer treatment. Here, we outline the current knowledge about the functions of the ANGPTL proteins in angiogenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, we discuss the most recent evidences sustaining their role as prognostic or predictive biomarkers for cancer therapy. Although the role of ANGPTL proteins in cancer has not been fully elucidated, increasing evidence suggest their key effects in the proliferative and invasive properties of cancer cells. Moreover, given the common overexpression of ANGPTL proteins in several aggressive solid tumors, and their role in tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment, the field of research about ANGPTL proteins network may highlight new potential targets for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
11
|
van der Touw W, Chen HM, Pan PY, Chen SH. LILRB receptor-mediated regulation of myeloid cell maturation and function. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017. [PMID: 28638976 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family comprises a set of paired immunomodulatory receptors expressed among human myeloid and lymphocyte cell populations. While six members of LILR subfamily A (LILRA) associate with membrane adaptors to signal via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating motifs (ITAM), LILR subfamily B (LILRB) members signal via multiple cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM). Ligand specificity of some LILR family members has been studied in detail, but new perspective into the immunoregulatory aspects of this receptor family in human myeloid cells has been limited. LILRB receptors and the murine ortholog, paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIRB), have been shown to negatively regulate maturation pathways in myeloid cells including mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, as well as B cells. Our laboratory further demonstrated in mouse models that PIRB regulated functional development of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the formation of a tumor-permissive microenvironment. Based on observations from the literature and our own studies, our laboratory is focusing on how LILRs modulate immune homeostasis of human myeloid cells and how these pathways may be targeted in disease states. Integrity of this pathway in tumor microenvironments, for example, permits a myeloid phenotype that suppresses antitumor adaptive immunity. This review presents the evidence supporting a role of LILRs as myeloid cell regulators and ongoing efforts to understand the functional immunology surrounding this family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William van der Touw
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abu-Farha M, Cherian P, Al-Khairi I, Madhu D, Tiss A, Warsam S, Alhubail A, Sriraman D, Al-Refaei F, Abubaker J. Plasma and adipose tissue level of angiopoietin-like 7 (ANGPTL7) are increased in obesity and reduced after physical exercise. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173024. [PMID: 28264047 PMCID: PMC5338794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective ANGPTL7 is a member of the Angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) protein family that is composed of eight proteins (1–8). Increasing evidence is associating ANGPTL proteins to obesity and insulin resistance. The biological role of ANGPTL7 is yet to be understood except for a recently proposed role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. This study was designed to shed light on the function of ANGPTL7 in obesity and its modulation by physical exercise as well as its potential association with lipid profile. Methods A total of 144 subjects were enrolled in this study and finished three months of physical exercise. The participants were classified based on their BMI, 82 subjects were non-obese and 62 obese. ANGPTL7 levels in plasma and adipose tissue were measured by ELISA, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results In this study, we showed that ANGPTL7 level was increased in the plasma of obese subjects (1249.05± 130.39 pg/mL) as compared to non-obese (930.34 ± 87.27 pg/mL) (p-Value = 0.032). ANGPTL7 Gene and protein expression levels in adipose tissue also showed over two fold increase. Physical exercise reduced circulating level of ANGPTL7 in the obese subjects to 740.98± 127.18 pg/mL, (p-Value = 0.007). ANGPTL7 expression in adipose tissue was also reduced after exercise. Finally, ANGPTL7 circulating level showed significant association with TG level in the obese subjects (R2 = 0.183, p-Value = 0.03). Conclusion In conclusion, our data shows for the first time that obesity increases the level of ANGPTL7 in both plasma and adipose tissue. Increased expression of ANGPTL7 might play a minor role in the regulation of TG level in obese subjects either directly or through interaction with other ANGPTL protein members. Physical exercise reduced the level of ANGPTL7 highlighting the potential for targeting this protein as a therapeutic target for regulating dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- * E-mail: (MAF); (JA)
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dhanya Madhu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Tiss
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Samia Warsam
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Asma Alhubail
- Clinical Services Department; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Faisal Al-Refaei
- Clinical Services Department; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- * E-mail: (MAF); (JA)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang X, Kim J, Deng M, John S, Chen H, Wu G, Phan H, Zhang CC. Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors: Immune checkpoint proteins and tumor sustaining factors. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:25-40. [PMID: 26636629 PMCID: PMC4825776 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs 1-5) transduce signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that recruit protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6 or SHP-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11 or SHP-2), or Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP), leading to negative regulation of immune cell activation. Certain of these receptors also play regulatory roles in neuronal activity and osteoclast development. The activation of LILRBs on immune cells by their ligands may contribute to immune evasion by tumors. Recent studies found that several members of LILRB family are expressed by tumor cells, notably hematopoietic cancer cells, and may directly regulate cancer development and relapse as well as the activity of cancer stem cells. LILRBs thus have dual concordant roles in tumor biology - as immune checkpoint molecules and as tumor-sustaining factors. Importantly, the study of knockout mice indicated that LILRBs do not affect hematopoiesis and normal development. Therefore LILRBs may represent ideal targets for tumor treatment. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on expression patterns, ligands, signaling, and functions of LILRB family members in the context of cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xunlei Kang
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Mi Deng
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Samuel John
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Guojin Wu
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Hiep Phan
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xuan ZX, Zhang S, Yuan SJ, Wang W, Yu J. Prognostic value of angiopoietin-2 in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:237. [PMID: 27589869 PMCID: PMC5010677 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The targeted therapy had made important progress in recent years, but few potential predictive biomarkers for prognosis of NSCLC patients were identified. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a cytokine upregulated in tumor endothelial cells and some tumor cells including NSCLC, is a partial agonist and antagonist of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). Ang-1 is another ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2; it promotes recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle cells, stabilizing vascular networks by binding to Tie2. Although many studies mainly considered that Ang-2 correlated with progression and prognosis of NSCLC significantly, there are much conflicting and controversial data. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between Ang-2 and prognosis, a clinical outcome of NSCLC. Methods The search was based on major databases from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CNKI, and 20 eligible publications (range from 2002 to 2015) are included in our meta-analysis with 2011 NSCLC patients in total. These studies illuminated the correlation between the expression of Ang-2 and NSCLC, based on either prognostic factors or clinicopathological features. Pooled calculations were carried out on the odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI) to perform this meta-analysis, and all statistical analyses were carried out by STATA 12.0 and Review Manager 5.3. Results According to our results, the expression of Ang-2 in NSCLC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues, indicating that Ang-2 over-expression may be a predictive marker (pooled OR = 5.09, corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 3.10–8.36, p = 0.000). In addition, our pooled data showed that Ang-2 expression was positively correlated with tumor stages (pooled OR = 3.58, 95 % CI 2.40–5.35, p = 0.000), differentiation (pooled OR = 0.65, 95 % CI 0.45–0.94, p = 0.02), lymphatic invasion (pooled OR = 3.15, 95 % CI 1.97–5.03, p = 0.000), and poor survival (pooled OR = 1.93, 95 % CI 1.47–2.52, p = 0.000) of NSCLC, but seems to have no significant impact on tumor size (pooled OR = 1.09, 95 % CI 0.59–2.00, p = 0.78). Conclusions These results demonstrate that Ang-2 expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xue Xuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shou-Jun Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Co-expression of ILT4/HLA-G in human non-small cell lung cancer correlates with poor prognosis and ILT4-HLA-G interaction activates ERK signaling. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11187-98. [PMID: 26939901 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common malignant tumor in the world, of which prognosis is generally poor due to insufficient mechanistic understanding. To explore the molecular pathogenesis of NSCLC, the co-expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4) and its ligand human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in NSCLC tissues and cells were investigated. Here, we detected the expression of ILT4 and HLA-G in 81 tumor specimens from primary NSCLC patients, and we found that co-expression of ILT4/HLA-G was significantly associated with regional lymph node involvement, advanced stages, and the overall survival of patients. In NSCLC cell lines, HLA-G expression increased/decreased accordingly when ILT4 was up-/down-regulated, and ILT4 expression increased in a concentration-dependent manner via the stimulation of HLA-G fusion protein. Interestingly, HLA-G fusion protein could also up-regulate the phospho-ERK1/2 expression, which means the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. All in all, our results indicate that the ILT4-HLA-G interaction might play an important role in NSCLC progression. Identification of ILT4 and HLA-G expression may provide an indicator to predict prognosis and guide prevention and treatment of NSCLC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang F, Zheng J, Kang X, Deng M, Lu Z, Kim J, Zhang C. Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in cancer development. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:1216-25. [PMID: 26566804 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRB1-5) signal through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) in their intracellular domains and recruit phosphatases protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6, SHP-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6, SHP-2), or Src homology 2 domain containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) to negatively regulate immune cell activation. These receptors are known to play important regulatory roles in immune and neuronal functions. Recent studies demonstrated that several of these receptors are expressed by cancer cells. Importantly, they may directly regulate development, drug resistance, and relapse of cancer, and the activity of cancer stem cells. Although counterintuitive, these findings are consistent with the generally immune-suppressive and thus tumor-promoting roles of the inhibitory receptors in the immune system. This review focuses on the ligands, expression pattern, signaling, and function of LILRB family in the context of cancer development. Because inhibition of the signaling of certain LILRBs directly blocks cancer growth and stimulates immunity that may suppress tumorigenesis, but does not disturb normal development, LILRB signaling pathways may represent ideal targets for treating hematological malignancies and perhaps other tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- FeiFei Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - JunKe Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - XunLei Kang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - Mi Deng
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - ZhiGang Lu
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - ChengCheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|