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Song Y, Leem J, Dhanani M, McKirnan MD, Ichikawa Y, Braza J, Harrington EO, Hammond HK, Roth DM, Patel HH. Impact of blood factors on endothelial cell metabolism and function in two diverse heart failure models. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281550. [PMID: 36780477 PMCID: PMC9924994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Role of blood-based factors in development and progression of heart failure (HF) is poorly characterized. Blood contains factors released during pathophysiological states that may impact cellular function and provide mechanistic insights to HF management. We tested effects of blood from two distinct HF models on cardiac metabolism and identified possible cellular targets of the effects. Blood plasma was obtained from daunorubicin- and myocardial infarction-induced HF rabbits (Dauno-HF and MI-HF) and their controls (Dauno-Control and MI-Control). Effects of plasma on bioenergetics of myocardial tissue from healthy mice and cellular cardiac components were assessed using high-resolution respirometry and Seahorse flux analyzer. Since endothelial cell respiration was profoundly affected by HF plasma, effects of plasma on endothelial cell barrier function and death were further evaluated. Western-blotting and electron microscopy were performed to evaluate mitochondrial proteins and morphology. Brief exposure to HF plasma decreased cardiac tissue respiration. Endothelial cell respiration was most impacted by exposure to HF plasma. Endothelial cell monolayer integrity was decreased by incubation with Dauno-HF plasma. Apoptosis and necrosis were increased in cells incubated with Dauno-HF plasma for 24 h. Down-regulation of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC)-1, translocase of outer membrane 20 (Tom20), and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) in cells exposed to Dauno-HF plasma and mitochondrial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and MFF in cells exposed to MI-HF plasma were observed. Mitochondrial structure was disrupted in cells exposed to HF plasma. These findings indicate that endothelial cells and mitochondrial structure and function may be primary target where HF pathology manifests and accelerates. High-throughput blood-based screening of HF may provide innovative ways to advance disease diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Leem
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Mehul Dhanani
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - M. Dan McKirnan
- Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiro Ichikawa
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Julie Braza
- Department of Medicine, Brown University and the Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth O. Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Brown University and the Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - David M. Roth
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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Endothelial Dysfunction, HMGB1, and Dengue: An Enigma to Solve. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081765. [PMID: 36016387 PMCID: PMC9414358 DOI: 10.3390/v14081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a viral infection caused by dengue virus (DENV), which has a significant impact on public health worldwide. Although most infections are asymptomatic, a series of severe clinical manifestations such as hemorrhage and plasma leakage can occur during the severe presentation of the disease. This suggests that the virus or host immune response may affect the protective function of endothelial barriers, ultimately being considered the most relevant event in severe and fatal dengue pathogenesis. The mechanisms that induce these alterations are diverse. It has been suggested that the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) may be involved in endothelial dysfunction. This non-histone nuclear protein has different immunomodulatory activities and belongs to the alarmin group. High concentrations of HMGB1 have been detected in patients with several infectious diseases, including dengue, and it could be considered as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of dengue and a predictor of complications of the disease. This review summarizes the main features of dengue infection and describes the known causes associated with endothelial dysfunction, highlighting the involvement and possible relationship between HMGB1 and DENV.
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Andersson U, Yang H. HMGB1 is a critical molecule in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative sepsis. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2:156-166. [PMID: 36789020 PMCID: PMC9924014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), expressed on Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent pro-inflammatory toxin that induces inflammation and coagulation via two separate receptor systems. One is Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), expressed on cell surfaces and in endosomes, and the other is the cytosolic receptor caspase-11 (caspases-4 and -5 in humans). Extracellular LPS binds to high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, a cytokine-like molecule. The HMGB1-LPS complex is transported via receptor for advanced glycated end products (RAGE)-endocytosis to the endolysosomal system to reach the cytosolic LPS receptor caspase-11 to induce HMGB1 release, inflammation, and coagulation that may cause multi-organ failure. The insight that LPS needs HMGB1 assistance to generate severe inflammation has led to successful therapeutic results in preclinical Gram-negative sepsis studies targeting HMGB1. However, to date, no clinical studies have been performed based on this strategy. HMGB1 is also actively released by peripheral sensory nerves and this mechanism is fundamental for the initiation and propagation of inflammation during tissue injury. Homeostasis is achieved when other neurons actively restrict the inflammatory response via monitoring by the central nervous system and the vagus nerve through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The neuronal control in Gram-negative sepsis needs further studies since a deeper understanding of the interplay between HMGB1 and acetylcholine may have beneficial therapeutic implications. Herein, we review the synergistic overlapping mechanisms of LPS and HMGB1 and discuss future treatment opportunities in Gram-negative sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Ulf Andersson, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America
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Abstract
Significance: Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. This leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory response at the onset of infection, followed by immunosuppression. The development of a specific treatment modality for sepsis is still challenging, reflecting our inadequate understanding of its pathophysiology. Understanding the mechanism and transition of the early hyperinflammation to late stage of immunosuppression in sepsis is critical for developing sepsis therapeutics. Recent Advances: Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules and released upon tissue injury and cell death in sepsis. DAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors to initiate inflammatory cascades. DAMPs not only elicit an inflammatory response but also they subsequently induce immunosuppression, both are equally important for exacerbating sepsis. Recent advances on a new DAMP, extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein for fueling inflammation and immunosuppression in sepsis, have added a new avenue into the dual functions of DAMPs in sepsis. Critical Issues: The molecular modification of DAMPs and their binding to pattern recognition receptors transit dynamically by the cellular environment in pathophysiologic conditions. Correlation between the dynamic changes of the impacts of DAMPs and the clinical outcomes in sepsis still lacks adequate understanding. Here, we focus on the impacts of DAMPs that cause inflammation as well as induce immunosuppression in sepsis. We further discuss the therapeutic potential by targeting DAMPs to attenuate inflammation and immunosuppression for mitigating sepsis. Future Directions: Uncovering pathways of the transition from inflammation to immunosuppression of DAMPs is a potential therapeutic avenue for mitigating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhou
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
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5
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Zhao MJ, Jiang HR, Sun JW, Wang ZA, Hu B, Zhu CR, Yin XH, Chen MM, Ma XC, Zhao WD, Luan ZG. Roles of RAGE/ROCK1 Pathway in HMGB1-Induced Early Changes in Barrier Permeability of Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cell. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697071. [PMID: 34745088 PMCID: PMC8564108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) causes microvascular endothelial cell barrier dysfunction during acute lung injury (ALI) in sepsis, but the mechanisms have not been well understood. We studied the roles of RAGE and Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1) in HMGB1-induced human pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption. Methods In the present study, the recombinant human high mobility group box 1 (rhHMGB1) was used to stimulate human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). The endothelial cell (EC) barrier permeability was examined by detecting FITC-dextran flux. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability under rhHMGB1 treatments. The expression of related molecules involved in RhoA/ROCK1 pathway, phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), F-actin, VE-cadherin and ZO-1 of different treated groups were measured by pull-down assay, western blot and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we studied the effects of Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632), ROCK1/2 siRNA, RAGE-specific blocker (FPS-ZM1) and RAGE siRNA on endothelial barrier properties to elucidate the related mechanisms. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that rhHMGB1 induced EC barrier hyperpermeability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner by measuring FITC-dextran flux, a reflection of the loss of EC barrier integrity. Moreover, rhHMGB1 induced a dose-dependent and time-dependent increases in paracellular gap formation accompanied by the development of stress fiber rearrangement and disruption of VE-cadherin and ZO-1, a phenotypic change related to increased endothelial contractility and endothelial barrier permeability. Using inhibitors and siRNAs directed against RAGE and ROCK1/2, we systematically determined that RAGE mediated the rhHMGB1-induced stress fiber reorganization via RhoA/ROCK1 signaling activation and the subsequent MLC phosphorylation in ECs. Conclusion HMGB1 is capable of disrupting the endothelial barrier integrity. This study demonstrates that HMGB1 activates RhoA/ROCK1 pathway via RAGE, which phosphorylates MLC inducing stress fiber formation at short time, and HMGB1/RAGE reduces AJ/TJ expression at long term independently of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jiao Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-Ran Jiang
- Department of Breast Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Wen Sun
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Ang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Rui Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Han Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Ming Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Luan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Cai J, Lin Z. Correlation of blood high mobility group box-1 protein with mortality of patients with sepsis: A meta-analysis. Heart Lung 2021; 50:885-892. [PMID: 34411870 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of blood high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) protein in predicting mortality of sepsis remains controversial. OBJECTIVE Here we conducted a meta-analysis to seek evidence for the association between blood HMGB-1 concentrations and mortality in patients with sepsis. METHODS Eligible studies were identified by a comprehensive search of six digital databases, supplemented by a manual search of related references. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as effect estimates. RESULTS A total of eighteen studies, covering 1163 patients with sepsis, were included. Compared with survival groups of sepsis, non-survival groups had significantly higher blood HMGB-1 concentrations at enrollment (SMD: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21-0.69). Subgroup analyses showed that no significant differences were found between two groups among patients with more severe sepsis (SMD: 0.18, 95% CI: -0.02-0.38). A significant association between initial HMGB-1 levels and ≤30-day mortality remained (SMD: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.09-0.78). Besides, HMGB-1 levels were observed to be more significantly higher in non-survival groups after the third day of admission (SMD: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.05-1.62) but two groups attained comparable HMGB-1 levels on day 7 (SMD: 1.01, 95% CI: -0.31-2.33). CONCLUSIONS Initial high blood HMGB-1 levels are significantly associated with short-term (≤30 days) mortality of patients with sepsis, and the association may be affected by the severity of sepsis. Subsequent monitoring of HMGB-1 levels, on the third and seventh day after admission, is encouraged for better evaluation of HMGB-1 as a prognostic marker of mortality in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, No.8 Fuyudong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
| | - Zhuandi Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, No.8 Fuyudong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, China
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Chi Y, Liu X, Chai J. A narrative review of changes in microvascular permeability after burn. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:719. [PMID: 33987417 PMCID: PMC8106041 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to review and discuss some of the latest research results related to post-burn pathophysiological changes and provide some clues for future study. Background Burns are one of the most common and serious traumas and consist of a series of pathophysiological changes of thermal injury. Accompanied by thermal damage to skin and soft tissues, inflammatory mediators are released in large quantities. Changes in histamine, bradykinin, and cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metabolic factors such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and activated neutrophils all affect the body’s vascular permeability. Methods We searched articles with subject words “microvascular permeability”, “burn” “endothelium”, and “endothelial barrier” in PubMed in English published from the beginning of database to Dec, 2020. Conclusions The essence of burn shock is the rapid and extensive fluid transfer in burn and non-burn tissue. After severe burns, the local and systemic vascular permeability increase, causing intravascular fluid extravasation, leading to a progressive decrease in effective circulation volume, an increase in systemic vascular resistance, a decrease in cardiac output, peripheral tissue edema, multiple organ failure, and even death. There are many cells, tissues, mediators and structures involved in the pathophysiological process of the damage to vascular permeability. Ulinastatin is a promising agent for this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Chi
- Burn Institute, The Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Burn Institute, The Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiake Chai
- Burn Institute, The Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Li L, Lu YQ. The Regulatory Role of High-Mobility Group Protein 1 in Sepsis-Related Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:601815. [PMID: 33552058 PMCID: PMC7862754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a prototypical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, participates in multiple processes of various inflammatory diseases through binding to its corresponding receptors. In the early phase, sepsis is mainly characterized as a multi-bacterial-induced complex, excessive inflammatory response accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which subsequently develops into immune paralysis. A growing number of in vivo and in vitro investigations reveal that HMGB1 plays a pivotal role in the processes of inflammatory response and immunosuppression of sepsis. Therefore, HMGB1 exerts an indispensable role in the immune disorder and life-threatening inflammatory syndrome of sepsis. HMGB1 mainly mediate the release of inflammatory factors via acting on immune cells, pyroptosis pathways and phosphorylating nuclear factor-κB. Moreover HMGB1 is also associated with the process of sepsis-related immunosuppression. Neutrophil dysfunction mediated by HMGB1 is also an aspect of the immunosuppressive mechanism of sepsis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are also one of the important cells that play an immunosuppressive effect in sepsis, may connect with HMGB1. Thence, further understanding of HMGB1-associated pathogenesis of sepsis may assist in development of promising treatment strategies. This review mainly discusses current perspectives on the roles of HMGB1 in sepsis-related inflammation and immunosuppressive process and its related internal regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Pierrakos C, Velissaris D, Bisdorff M, Marshall JC, Vincent JL. Biomarkers of sepsis: time for a reappraisal. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2020; 24:287. [PMID: 32503670 PMCID: PMC7273821 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis biomarkers can have important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic functions. In a previous review, we identified 3370 references reporting on 178 different biomarkers related to sepsis. In the present review, we evaluate the progress in the research of sepsis biomarkers. METHODS Using the same methodology as in our previous review, we searched the PubMed database from 2009 until September 2019 using the terms "Biomarker" AND "Sepsis." There were no restrictions by age or language, and all studies, clinical and experimental, were included. RESULTS We retrieved a total of 5367 new references since our previous review. We identified 258 biomarkers, 80 of which were new compared to our previous list. The majority of biomarkers have been evaluated in fewer than 5 studies, with 81 (31%) being assessed in just a single study. Apart from studies of C-reactive protein (CRP) or procalcitonin (PCT), only 26 biomarkers have been assessed in clinical studies with more than 300 participants. Forty biomarkers have been compared to PCT and/or CRP for their diagnostic value; 9 were shown to have a better diagnostic value for sepsis than either or both of these biomarkers. Forty-four biomarkers have been evaluated for a role in answering a specific clinical question rather than for their general diagnostic or prognostic properties in sepsis. CONCLUSIONS The number of biomarkers being identified is still increasing although at a slower rate than in the past. Most of the biomarkers have not been well-studied; in particular, the clinical role of these biomarkers needs to be better evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pierrakos
- Intensive Care Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Max Bisdorff
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John C Marshall
- Surgery/Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Glycyrrhizin Ameliorates Radiation Enteritis in Mice Accompanied by the Regulation of the HMGB1/TLR4 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8653783. [PMID: 32595744 PMCID: PMC7281845 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8653783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation enteritis is a common side effect of radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic malignancies, which can lead to a decrease in patients' tolerance to radiotherapy and the quality of life. It has been demonstrated that glycyrrhizin (GL) possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity. However, little is known about its anti-inflammatory effect in radiation enteritis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of GL on radiation enteritis and elucidate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms involved. The C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 6.5 Gy abdominal X-ray irradiation to establish a model of radiation enteritis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to analyze the pathological changes in the jejunum. The expression of TNF-α in the jejunum was analyzed by immunochemistry. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and HMGB1 in the serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The intestinal absorption capacity was tested using the D-xylose absorption assay. The levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. We found that GL significantly alleviated the intestinal damage and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and HMGB1 levels. Furthermore, the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway was significantly downregulated by GL treatment. In conclusion, these findings indicate that GL has a protective effect against radiation enteritis through the inhibition of the intestinal damage and the inflammatory responses, as well as the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Thereby, GL might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of radiation enteritis.
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Jeong J, Lee J, Lim J, Cho S, An S, Lee M, Yoon N, Seo M, Lim S, Park S. Soluble RAGE attenuates AngII-induced endothelial hyperpermeability by disrupting HMGB1-mediated crosstalk between AT1R and RAGE. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-15. [PMID: 31562296 PMCID: PMC6802637 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased endothelial permeability, one of the earliest signs of endothelial dysfunction, is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Recent studies suggest that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) regulates endothelial permeability in inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of RAGE in endothelial hyperpermeability induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), a well-known inflammatory mediator, and the potential therapeutic effect of soluble RAGE (sRAGE), a decoy receptor for RAGE ligands. For in vitro studies, Ang II-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with siRNA specific to either RAGE or sRAGE to disrupt RAGE-mediated signaling. Endothelial permeability was estimated using FITC-labeled dextran 40 and a resistance meter. To evaluate intercellular junction disruption, VE-cadherin expression was examined by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Ang II increased the expression of the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and RAGE, and this increase was inhibited by sRAGE. sRAGE prevented Ang II-induced VE-cadherin disruption in HUVECs. For in vivo studies, Ang II-infused, atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E knockout mice were utilized. Endothelial permeability was assessed by Evans blue staining of the aorta. Ang II increased endothelial barrier permeability, and this effect was significantly attenuated by sRAGE. Our data demonstrate that blockade of RAGE signaling using sRAGE attenuates Ang II-induced endothelial barrier permeability in vitro and in vivo and indicate the therapeutic potential of sRAGE in controlling vascular permeability under pathological conditions. A decoy version of a protein involved in regulating the leakiness of blood vessels can help ameliorate vascular problems that lead to high blood pressure and plaque deposition in the arteries. A team from South Korea led by Soyeon Lim from Catholic Kwandong University in Gangneung and Sungha Park from Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul induced hyper-permeability in both human vein cells and atherosclerosis-prone mice. They then blocked signaling through a membrane-bound protein called RAGE, a receptor that helps boost vessel permeability by using a soluble version of this same protein. In both the human cells and mouse models, this free-floating RAGE bound and blocked the receptor’s normal activator, leading to suppressed permeability and improved function of the blood vessel lining. This decoy strategy holds therapeutic promise for people prone to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Jeong
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.,Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lim
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.,Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Soyoung Cho
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.,Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Soyoung An
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Myungeun Lee
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Nara Yoon
- Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Miran Seo
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25601, Korea.
| | - Sungha Park
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea.
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Chen C, Wang S, Chen J, Liu X, Zhang M, Wang X, Xu W, Zhang Y, Li H, Pan X, Si M. Escin suppresses HMGB1-induced overexpression of aquaporin-1 and increased permeability in endothelial cells. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:891-900. [PMID: 30972964 PMCID: PMC6487832 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Escin, a natural triterpene saponin mixture obtained from the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum), has been used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), hemorrhoids, and edema. However, it is unclear how escin protects against endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by pro‐inflammatory high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1). Here, we report that escin can suppress (a) HMGB1‐induced overexpression of the aquaporin‐1 (AQP1) water channel in endothelial cells and (b) HMGB1‐induced increases in endothelial cell permeability. This is the first report that escin inhibits AQP1 and alleviates barrier dysfunction in HMGB1‐induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Songgang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiying Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health, the State Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health, the State Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Si
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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13
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Deng M, Scott MJ, Fan J, Billiar TR. Location is the key to function: HMGB1 in sepsis and trauma-induced inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:161-169. [PMID: 30946496 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir1218-497r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional nuclear protein, probably known best as a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. However, HMGB1 has multiple functions that depend on its location in the nucleus, in the cytosol, or extracellularly after either active release from cells, or passive release upon lytic cell death. Movement of HMGB1 between cellular compartments is a dynamic process induced by a variety of cell stresses and disease processes, including sepsis, trauma, and hemorrhagic shock. Location of HMGB1 is intricately linked with its function and is regulated by a series of posttranslational modifications. HMGB1 function is also regulated by the redox status of critical cysteine residues within the protein, and is cell-type dependent. This review highlights some of the mechanisms that contribute to location and functions of HMGB1, and focuses on some recent insights on important intracellular effects of HMGB1 during sepsis and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie J Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Wang L, Chung J, Gill SE, Mehta S. Quantification of adherens junction disruption and contiguous paracellular protein leak in human lung endothelial cells under septic conditions. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12528. [PMID: 30636088 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis is associated with dysfunction of MVEC resulting in organ edema and inflammation. VE-cadherin, a component of MVEC adherens junctions, may be disrupted in sepsis. However, the direct connection between individual MVEC VE-cadherin disruption and increased paracellular permeability is uncertain. METHODS Human pulmonary MVEC were cultured on a biotin matrix and treated with cytomix, as a model of sepsis, vs PBS. MVEC permeability was assessed by trans-MVEC monolayer leak of Oregon green 488-conjugated avidin, which bound subcellular biotin to localize sites of paracellular leak. Leak was correlated with individual cell-specific MVEC surface VE-cadherin continuity by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Cytomix treatment reduced total MVEC VE-cadherin density, disrupted surface VE-cadherin continuity, was associated with intercellular gap formation, and enhanced paracellular avidin leak. Cytomix-induced MVEC paracellular avidin leak was strongly correlated temporally and was highly contiguous with focal MVEC surface VE-cadherin disruption. Total cellular VE-cadherin density was less strongly correlated with MVEC paracellular avidin leak and individual cell-specific focal surface VE-cadherin discontinuity. CONCLUSIONS These data support a mechanistic link between septic human lung MVEC VE-cadherin disruption and contiguous paracellular protein leak, and will permit more detailed assessment of individual cell-specific mechanisms of septic MVEC barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefeng Wang
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Respirology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Chung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sean E Gill
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Respirology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjay Mehta
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Respirology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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15
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Weng J, Yu L, Chen Z, Su H, Yu S, Zhang Y, Lei X, Chen L, Cui Y, Huang Q, Jiang Y, Guo X. β-Catenin phosphorylation at Y654 and Y142 is crucial for high mobility group box-1 protein-induced pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 127:174-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Zhou H, Jin C, Cui L, Xing H, Liu J, Liao W, Liao H, Yu Y. HMGB1 contributes to the irradiation-induced endothelial barrier injury through receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6714-6721. [PMID: 29215715 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether HMGB1 (high mobility group box-1 protein) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were involved in the irradiation-induced endothelial barrier damage and their mechanism. We constructed the damage model of endothelium barrier model with bEnd.3 cells. The permeability of endothelial barrier was detected by sodium fluorescein (Na-F) permeation test, and the irradiation dose which could induce permeability transition was determined by being exposed to different irradiation doses (5, 10, 15, 20 Gy). MTT assay was applied to detect cell viability under different concentrations of HMGB1, glycyrrhizic acid (GA, a specific inhibitor of HMGB1), and FPS-ZM1 (a blood-brain-barrier permeant blocker of RAGE V domain-mediated ligand binding). The expression of HMGB1, RAGE, and related molecules involved in MAPK signaling pathway, MMP-2, MMP-9, ZO-1, and claudin 5 of differently treated groups were measured by qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Cells possessed stable endothelial barrier function on 4-7 days after seeded on transwell plates. The permeability of endothelial barrier would change under at least 10 Gy radiation. Both radiation and HMGB1 treatment alone could improve the permeability. After irradiation, the expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE increased and MAPK signal pathway was activated. Meanwhile, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were overexpressed, while the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin 5 was decreased. Radiation could activate MAPK signaling pathway through promoting the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE, which further led to endothelial barrier injury and changed its permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Congli Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaijie Xing
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, SUN YAT-SEN Medical Hospital, SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Neurology, SUN YAT-SEN Medical Hospital, SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haojie Liao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangsheng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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18
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Yang R, Zhu S, Tonnessen TI. Ethyl pyruvate is a novel anti-inflammatory agent to treat multiple inflammatory organ injuries. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2016; 13:37. [PMID: 27980458 PMCID: PMC5135784 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple derivative of pyruvic acid, which is an important endogenous metabolite that can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with EP is able to ameliorate systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunctions in multiple animal models, such as acute pancreatitis, alcoholic liver injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute viral myocarditis, acute kidney injury and sepsis. Recent studies have demonstrated that prolonged treatment with EP can ameliorate experimental ulcerative colitis and slow multiple tumor growth. It has become evident that EP has pharmacological anti-inflammatory effect to inhibit multiple early inflammatory cytokines and the late inflammatory cytokine HMGB1 release, and the anti-tumor activity is likely associated with its anti-inflammatory effect. EP has been tested in human volunteers and in a clinical trial of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in USA and shown to be safe at clinical relevant doses, even though EP fails to improve outcome of the heart surgery, EP is still a promising agent to treat patients with multiple inflammatory organ injuries and the other clinical trials are on the way. This review focuses on how EP is able to ameliorate multiple organ injuries and summarize recently published EP investigations. The targets of the anti-inflammatory agent EP ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkuan Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, 10 Bio katu, Tampere, 33014 Finland ; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ; Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Rikshospital of Oslo University, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, Oslo 0424 Norway
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Tor Inge Tonnessen
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Rikshospital of Oslo University, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, Oslo 0424 Norway ; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 0316 Norway
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19
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Shao Y, Shao X, He J, Cai Y, Zhao J, Chen F, Tao H, Yin Z, Tan X, He Y, Lin Y, Li K, Cui L. The promoter polymorphisms of receptor for advanced glycation end products were associated with the susceptibility and progression of sepsis. Clin Genet 2016; 91:564-575. [PMID: 27172264 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is considered a major pattern recognition receptor, which plays an important role in the development of sepsis. Increasing evidence showed an association between RAGE polymorphisms and the susceptibility to several inflammatory-related diseases. However, little is known about the clinical relationship between RAGE polymorphisms and sepsis. In this study, we analyzed the association of sepsis with three functional RAGE gene polymorphisms (rs1800624, rs1800625 and rs2070600) in a Chinese Han population (372 sepsis cases and 400 healthy controls). Significant differences were observed in the rs1800624 and rs1800625 genotype/allele distributions between the sepsis and controls, but no significant difference was observed in the rs2070600 genotype/allele. Moreover, our results also revealed a significant difference in the genotype/allele frequencies of the rs1800624 and rs1800625 polymorphisms between the sepsis and severe sepsis subtypes, the rs1800624 TT or rs1800625 TT genotype carriers exhibited a significant increase in RAGE mRNA, sRAGE, TNF-α and IL-6 expression compared with the rs1800624 AT/AA or rs1800625 CT/CC carriers in sepsis patients. Overall, this study might provide valuable clinical evidence between the RAGE gene polymorphisms and the risk or the development of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shao
- The Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - X Shao
- The Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - J He
- The Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Y Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - J Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - F Chen
- The Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - H Tao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Z Yin
- The Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - X Tan
- The Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Y He
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Y Lin
- The Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - K Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - L Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
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20
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Zhu X, Zou Y, Wang B, Zhu J, Chen Y, Wang L, Li J, Deng X. Blockade of CXC chemokine receptor 3 on endothelial cells protects against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. J Surg Res 2016; 204:288-296. [PMID: 27565063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCR3, a G-protein coupled chemokine receptor, has been shown to play a critical role in recruiting inflammatory cells into lungs in several studies. However, its roles in polymicrobial septic acute lung injury (ALI) is yet unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the protective effects of CXCR3 blockade on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) in septic ALI and explore potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS ALI was induced by polymicrobial sepsis through cecal ligation and puncture surgery. The expression of CXCR3 on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells was measured 24 h after cecal ligation and puncture surgery. In addition, the protective effects of neutralizing antibody were detected, including protein concentration, inflammation cell counts, lung wet-to-dry ratio, and lung damages. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) culture condition, CXCR3 expression was measured after exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α. The permeability and apoptosis ratio were detected through CXCR3 gene silencing on HUVECs. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was analyzed with Western blot. RESULTS CXCR3 expression was upregulated both in vivo and in vitro. After CXCR3 neutralizing antibody administrated intraperitoneally, the protein concentration, inflammatory cell counts in BALF and lung wet-to-dry ratio were decreased significantly, as well as the lung tissue damages. In vitro, CXCR3 gene silencing inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α and CXCL10-induced hyperpermeability and apoptosis in HUVECs. In addition, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation was essential for CXCR3-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS CXCR3 blockade exerts protective effects on ALI at least partly by inhibiting endothelial cells apoptosis and decreasing the leakage of protein-rich fluid and inflammatory cells. Blockade of CXCR3 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for severe sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Lakshmikanth CL, Jacob SP, Chaithra VH, de Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Marathe GK. Sepsis: in search of cure. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:587-602. [PMID: 26995266 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a complex inflammatory disorder believed to originate from an infection by any types of microbes and/or their products. It is the leading cause of death in intensive care units (ICUs) throughout the globe. The mortality rates depend both on the severity of infection and the host's response to infection. METHODS Literature survey on pathobiology of sepsis in general and failure of more than hundred clinical trials conducted so far in search of a possible cure for sepsis resulted in the preparation of this manuscript. FINDINGS Sepsis lacks a suitable animal model that mimics human sepsis. However, based on the results obtained in animal models of sepsis, clinical trials conducted so far have been disappointing. Although involvement of multiple mediators and pathways in sepsis has been recognized, only few components are being targeted and this could be the major reason behind the failure of clinical trials. CONCLUSION Inability to recognize a single critical mediator of sepsis may be the underlying cause for the poor therapeutic intervention of sepsis. Therefore, sepsis is still considered as a disease-in search of cure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shancy Petsel Jacob
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, 570 006, India
| | | | | | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, 570 006, India.
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