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Kováč J, Priščáková P, Gbelcová H, Heydari A, Žiaran S. Bioadhesive and Injectable Hydrogels and Their Correlation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation for Cartilage Repair: A Mini-Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4228. [PMID: 37959908 PMCID: PMC10648146 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable bioadhesive hydrogels, known for their capacity to carry substances and adaptability in processing, offer great potential across various biomedical applications. They are especially promising in minimally invasive stem cell-based therapies for treating cartilage damage. This approach harnesses readily available mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into chondrocytes for cartilage regeneration. In this review, we investigate the relationship between bioadhesion and MSC differentiation. We summarize the fundamental principles of bioadhesion and discuss recent trends in bioadhesive hydrogels. Furthermore, we highlight their specific applications in conjunction with stem cells, particularly in the context of cartilage repair. The review also encompasses a discussion on testing methods for bioadhesive hydrogels and direct techniques for differentiating MSCs into hyaline cartilage chondrocytes. These approaches are explored within both clinical and laboratory settings, including the use of genetic tools. While this review offers valuable insights into the interconnected aspects of these topics, it underscores the need for further research to fully grasp the complexities of their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Kováč
- Medical Vision, Záhradnícka 55, 821 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.K.); (P.P.); (H.G.); (A.H.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Priščáková
- Medical Vision, Záhradnícka 55, 821 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.K.); (P.P.); (H.G.); (A.H.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Gbelcová
- Medical Vision, Záhradnícka 55, 821 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.K.); (P.P.); (H.G.); (A.H.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Abolfazl Heydari
- Medical Vision, Záhradnícka 55, 821 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.K.); (P.P.); (H.G.); (A.H.)
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Žiaran
- Medical Vision, Záhradnícka 55, 821 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.K.); (P.P.); (H.G.); (A.H.)
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbová 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zhou L, Xu J, Schwab A, Tong W, Xu J, Zheng L, Li Y, Li Z, Xu S, Chen Z, Zou L, Zhao X, van Osch GJ, Wen C, Qin L. Engineered biochemical cues of regenerative biomaterials to enhance endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs)-mediated articular cartilage repair. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:490-512. [PMID: 37304336 PMCID: PMC10248882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly specialized shock-absorbing connective tissue, articular cartilage (AC) has very limited self-repair capacity after traumatic injuries, posing a heavy socioeconomic burden. Common clinical therapies for small- to medium-size focal AC defects are well-developed endogenous repair and cell-based strategies, including microfracture, mosaicplasty, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and matrix-induced ACI (MACI). However, these treatments frequently result in mechanically inferior fibrocartilage, low cost-effectiveness, donor site morbidity, and short-term durability. It prompts an urgent need for innovative approaches to pattern a pro-regenerative microenvironment and yield hyaline-like cartilage with similar biomechanical and biochemical properties as healthy native AC. Acellular regenerative biomaterials can create a favorable local environment for AC repair without causing relevant regulatory and scientific concerns from cell-based treatments. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of endogenous cartilage healing is furthering the (bio)design and application of these scaffolds. Currently, the utilization of regenerative biomaterials to magnify the repairing effect of joint-resident endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs) presents an evolving improvement for cartilage repair. This review starts by briefly summarizing the current understanding of endogenous AC repair and the vital roles of ESPCs and chemoattractants for cartilage regeneration. Then several intrinsic hurdles for regenerative biomaterials-based AC repair are discussed. The recent advances in novel (bio)design and application regarding regenerative biomaterials with favorable biochemical cues to provide an instructive extracellular microenvironment and to guide the ESPCs (e.g. adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, matrix production, and remodeling) for cartilage repair are summarized. Finally, this review outlines the future directions of engineering the next-generation regenerative biomaterials toward ultimate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Zhou
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jietao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences - CRMH, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shunxiang Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Zou
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), 2600 AA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518000, Shenzhen, China
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Liu Y, Duan M, Zhang D, Xie J. The role of mechano growth factor in chondrocytes and cartilage defects: a concise review. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023. [PMID: 37171185 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechano growth factor (MGF), an isoform of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), is recognized as a typical mechanically sensitive growth factor and has been shown to play an indispensable role in the skeletal system. In the joint cavity, MGF is highly expressed in chondrocytes, especially in the damaged cartilage tissue caused by trauma or degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Cartilage is an extremely important component of joints because it functions as a shock absorber and load distributer at the weight-bearing interfaces in the joint cavity, but it can hardly be repaired once injured due to its lack of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. MGF has been proven to play an important role in chondrocyte cell behaviors, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammatory reactions and apoptosis, in and around the injury site. Moreover, under the normalized mechanical microenvironment in the joint cavity, MGF can sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, regulate chondrocyte activity, and maintain the homeostasis of cartilage tissue. Recent reports continue to explain its effects on various cell types and sport-related tissues, but its role in cartilage development, homeostasis and disease occurrence is still controversial, and its internal biological mechanism is still elusive. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in the role of MGF in chondrocytes and cartilage defects, including tissue repair at the macroscopic level and chondrocyte activities at the microcosmic level, and discuss the current state of research and potential gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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Dual RNA sequencing of group B Streptococcus-infected human monocytes reveals new insights into host-pathogen interactions and bacterial evasion of phagocytosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2137. [PMID: 36747074 PMCID: PMC9902490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a frequent cause of infections, including bacteraemia and other acute diseases in adults and immunocompromised individuals. We developed a novel system to study GBS within human monocytes to define the co-transcriptome of intracellular GBS (iGBS) and host cells simultaneously using dual RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to better define how this pathogen responds to host cells. Using human U937 monocytes and genome-sequenced GBS reference strain 874,391 in antibiotic protection assays we validated a system for dual-RNA seq based on measures of GBS and monocyte viability to ensure that the bacterial and host cell co-transcriptome reflected mainly intracellular (iGBS) rather than extracellular GBS. Elucidation of the co-transcriptome revealed 1119 dysregulated transcripts in iGBS with most genes, including several that encode virulence factors (e.g., scpB, hvgA, ribD, pil2b) exhibiting activation by upregulated expression. Infection with iGBS resulted in significant remodelling of the monocyte transcriptome, with 7587 transcripts differentially expressed including 7040 up-regulated and 547 down-regulated. qPCR confirmed that the most strongly activated genes included sht, encoding Streptococcal Histidine Triad Protein. An isogenic GBS mutant strain deficient in sht revealed a significant effect of this gene on phagocytosis of GBS and survival of the bacteria during systemic infection in mice. Identification of a novel contribution of sht to GBS virulence shows the co-transcriptome responses elucidated in GBS-infected monocytes help to shape the host-pathogen interaction and establish a role for sht in the response of the bacteria to phagocytic uptake. This study provides comprehension of concurrent transcriptional responses that occur in GBS and human monocytes that shape the host-pathogen interaction.
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Tang Z, Lu Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Wang Q, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Chondrocyte secretome enriched microparticles encapsulated with the chondrocyte membrane to facilitate the chondrogenesis of BMSCs and reduce hypertrophy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9989-10002. [PMID: 34874033 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Co-culture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents an effective way to stimulate the chondrogenesis of MSCs and reduce hypertrophy, but the limited donor site supply and the requirement of two-stage operations are among the major barriers of using autologous chondrocytes in clinical settings. With recent evidence indicating that the chondrogenic effects of the above co-culture mainly lied on the paracrine secretion, and that cell membranes also played crucial roles during the chondrocyte-MSC interaction, we fabricated a multifunctional design of "artificial chondrocytes", which consist of chondrocyte secretome enriched PLGA microparticles with the encapsulation of chondrocytes' membrane fragments. The artificial chondrocytes had shown a similar diameter and surface electrical charge to natural chondrocytes, with the preserved key chondrocyte membrane surface proteins and sustainedly released chondrogenic cytokines from the chondrocyte secretome to extend their effects in vivo. Consequently, the co-culture studies of artificial chondrocytes and bone marrow MSCs had shown the beneficial effects from both chondrocyte secretome and membrane fragments, which also synergistically facilitated the cell proliferation, chondrogenic gene expression, cartilaginous matrix production, and reduced phenotypic hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. Together, this study has successfully developed the proof-of-concept design of "artificial chondrocytes", which could potentially conquer many major barriers of using natural chondrocytes and provided a novel synthetic-cell approach to current therapeutical strategies towards the functional regeneration of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yan Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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Shestovskaya MV, Bozhkova SA, Sopova JV, Khotin MG, Bozhokin MS. Methods of Modification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Conditions of Their Culturing for Hyaline Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111666. [PMID: 34829895 PMCID: PMC8615732 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage is a topical area of regenerative medicine that has already entered clinical practice. The key stage of this procedure is to create conditions for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, increase the synthesis of hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix proteins by these cells and activate their proliferation. The first such works consisted in the indirect modification of cells, namely, in changing the conditions in which they are located, including microfracturing of the subchondral bone and the use of 3D biodegradable scaffolds. The most effective methods for modifying the cell culture of MSCs are protein and physical, which have already been partially introduced into clinical practice. Genetic methods for modifying MSCs, despite their effectiveness, have significant limitations. Techniques have not yet been developed that allow studying the effectiveness of their application even in limited groups of patients. The use of MSC modification methods allows precise regulation of cell culture proliferation, and in combination with the use of a 3D biodegradable scaffold, it allows obtaining a hyaline-like regenerate in the damaged area. This review is devoted to the consideration and comparison of various methods used to modify the cell culture of MSCs for their use in regenerative medicine of cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Shestovskaya
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Svetlana A. Bozhkova
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail G. Khotin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Mikhail S. Bozhokin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Gan QF, Choy KW, Foo CN, Leong PP, Cheong SK. Incorporating insulin growth Factor‐1 into regenerative and personalised medicine for musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Fu Gan
- Pre‐Clinical Sciences Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UTAR Sg Long Campus Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ker Woon Choy
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chai Nien Foo
- Population Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UTAR Sg Long Campus Selangor Malaysia
| | - Pooi Pooi Leong
- Pre‐Clinical Sciences Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UTAR Sg Long Campus Selangor Malaysia
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UTAR Sg Long Campus Selangor Malaysia
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Role of Alternatively Spliced Messenger RNA (mRNA) Isoforms of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in Selected Human Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196995. [PMID: 32977489 PMCID: PMC7582825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key regulator of tissue growth and development that is also implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. The human IGF1 gene contains six exons and five long introns, the transcription of which is controlled by two promoters (P1 and P2). Alternate promoter usage, as well as alternative splicing (AS) of IGF1, results in the expression of six various variants (isoforms) of mRNA, i.e., IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB, and IIC. A mature 70-kDa IGF1 protein is coded only by exons 3 and 4, while exons 5 and 6 are alternatively spliced code for the three C-terminal E peptides: Ea (exon 6), Eb (exon 5), and Ec (fragments of exons 5 and 6). The most abundant of those transcripts is IGF1Ea, followed by IGF1Eb and IGF1Ec (also known as mechano-growth factor, MGF). The presence of different IGF1 transcripts suggests tissue-specific auto- and/or paracrine action, as well as separate regulation of both of these gene promoters. In physiology, the role of different IGF1 mRNA isoforms and pro-peptides is best recognized in skeletal muscle tissue. Their functions include the development and regeneration of muscles, as well as maintenance of proper muscle mass. In turn, in nervous tissue, a neuroprotective function of short peptides, produced as a result of IGF1 expression and characterized by significant blood-brain barrier penetrance, has been described and could be a potential therapeutic target. When it comes to the regulation of carcinogenesis, the potential biological role of different var iants of IGF1 mRNAs and pro-peptides is also intensively studied. This review highlights the role of IGF1 isoform expression (mRNAs, proteins) in physiology and different types of human tumors (e.g., breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate and thyroid cancers), as well as mechanisms of IGF1 spliced variants involvement in tumor biology.
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Yang Z, Li H, Yuan Z, Fu L, Jiang S, Gao C, Wang F, Zha K, Tian G, Sun Z, Huang B, Wei F, Cao F, Sui X, Peng J, Lu S, Guo W, Liu S, Guo Q. Endogenous cell recruitment strategy for articular cartilage regeneration. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:31-52. [PMID: 32652223 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of timely and proper treatments, injuries to articular cartilage (AC) can lead to cartilage degeneration and ultimately result in osteoarthritis. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering techniques are emerging as promising approaches for AC regeneration and repair. Although the use of cell-seeded scaffolds prior to implantation can regenerate and repair cartilage lesions to some extent, these approaches are still restricted by limited cell sources, excessive costs, risks of disease transmission and complex manufacturing practices. Recently developed acellular scaffold approaches that rely on the recruitment of endogenous cells to the injured sites avoid these drawbacks and offer great promise for in situ AC regeneration. Multiple endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs) are found in joint-resident niches and have the capability to migrate to sites of injury to participate in AC regeneration. However, the natural recruitment of ESPCs is insufficient, and the local microenvironment is hostile after injury. Hence, an endogenous cell recruitment strategy based on the combination of chemoattractants and acellular scaffolds to effectively and specifically recruit ESPCs and improve local microenvironment may provide new insights into in situ AC regeneration. This review provides a brief overview of: (1) the status of endogenous cell recruitment strategy; (2) the subpopulations, potential migration routes (PMRs) of joint-resident ESPCs and their immunomodulatory and reparative effects; (3) chemoattractants and their potential adverse effects; (4) scaffold-based drug delivery systems (SDDSs) that are utilized for in situ AC regeneration; and (5) the challenges and future perspectives of endogenous cell recruitment strategy for AC regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although the endogenous cell recruitment strategy for articular cartilage (AC) regeneration has been investigated for several decades, much work remains to be performed in this field. Future studies should have the following aims: (1) reporting the up-to-date progress in the endogenous cell recruitment strategies; (2) determining the subpopulations of ESPCs, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the migration of these cells and their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and reparative effects; (3) elucidating the chemoattractants that enhance ESPC recruitment and their potential adverse effects; and (4) developing advanced SDDSs for chemoattractant dispatch. Herein, we present a systematic overview of the aforementioned issues to provide a better understanding of endogenous cell recruitment strategies for AC regeneration and repair.
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Xu F, Yang Y, Yang T, Dai T, Shao X, Xu H, An R, Liu Y, Liu B. The use of allogenic adipose-derived stem cells in combination with platelet-rich fibrin for the treatment of cartilage defects in rabbit ear. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1900-1907. [PMID: 30018729 PMCID: PMC6038059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to assess the efficacy of allogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) together with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for the treatment of rabbit ear cartilage defects. For this study, 12 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 groups. Two full-thickness cartilage defects were created in the rabbit ears. Group 1 was left untreated; Group 2 was treated with allogenic ADSCs, Group 3 was treated with PRF; Group 4 was treated with allogenic ADSCs and PRF. Macroscopic observation, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Alcian blue staining after 3 months suggested that the allogenic ADSCs/PRF significantly accelerated cartilage regeneration compared to other groups and this was associated with increased expression of collagen II relative to the other groups. Expression of genes associated with immune response such as cluster of differentiation 4 and 8 (CD4, CD8), and interleukin 2 and 4 (IL-2, IL-4) displayed no significant statistical difference compared to Group 1. In conclusion, these results suggest that allogenic ADSCs in combination with PRF can accelerate regeneration in full-thickness cartilage defects in the rabbit ear model without causing a significant immune response. The results suggest that allogenic ADSCs with PRF could successfully be used for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Laboratory Animal Center, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ran An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Laboratory Animal Center, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yanpu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Laboratory Animal Center, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, P. R. China
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11
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Armakolas A, Dimakakos A, Loukogiannaki C, Armakolas N, Antonopoulos A, Florou C, Tsioli P, Papageorgiou E, Alexandrou TP, Stathaki M, Spinos D, Pektasides D, Patsouris E, Koutsilieris M. IL-6 is associated to IGF-1Ec upregulation and Ec peptide secretion, from prostate tumors. Mol Med 2018; 24:6. [PMID: 30134795 PMCID: PMC6016866 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ec peptide (PEc), resulting from the proteolytic cleavage of the IGF-1Ec isoform, is involved in prostate cancer progression and metastasis, whereas in muscle tissue, it is associated with the mobilization of satellite cells prior to repair. Our aim is to determine the physiological conditions associated to the IGF-1Ec upregulation and PEc secretion in prostate tumors, as well as, the effect of tumor PEc on tumor repair. Methods IGF-1 (mature and isoforms) expression was examined by qRT-PCR, both in prostate cancer cells co-incubated with cells of the immune response (IR) and in tumors. PEc secretion was determined by Multiple Reaction Monitoring. The effect of PEc, on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) mobilization and repair, was examined using migration and invasion assays, FISH and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The JAK/STAT signaling pathway leading to the IGF1-Ec expression was examined by western blot analysis. Determination of the expression and localization of IL-6 and IGF-1Ec in prostate tumors was examined by qRT-PCR and by IHC. Results We documented that IL-6 secreted by IR cells activates the JAK2 and STAT3 pathway through IL-6 receptor in cancer cells, leading to the IGF-1Ec upregulation and PEc secretion, as well as to the IL-6 expression and secretion. The resulting PEc, apart from its oncogenic role, also mobilizes MSCs towards the tumor, thus promoting tumor repair. Conclusions IL-6 leads to the PEc secretion from prostate cancer cells. Apart from its oncogenic role, PEc is also involved in the mobilization of MSCs resulting in tumor repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-018-0003-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Armakolas
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Goudi-Athens, Greece.
| | - A Dimakakos
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - C Loukogiannaki
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - N Armakolas
- Third orthopaedic clinic, KAT General Hospital, 145 61, Kifisia, Attiki, Greece
| | - A Antonopoulos
- Third orthopaedic clinic, KAT General Hospital, 145 61, Kifisia, Attiki, Greece
| | - C Florou
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - P Tsioli
- Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Medical School, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - E Papageorgiou
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - T P Alexandrou
- Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Medical School, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - M Stathaki
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - D Spinos
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - D Pektasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - E Patsouris
- Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Medical School, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - M Koutsilieris
- Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Goudi-Athens, Greece
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12
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Park SJ, Cho W, Kim MS, Gu BK, Kang CM, Khang G, Kim C. Substance‐P and transforming growth factor‐β in chitosan microparticle‐pluronic hydrogel accelerates regenerative wound repair of skin injury by local ionizing radiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:890-896. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Park
- Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul Korea
| | - Wheemoon Cho
- Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul Korea
- Department of Genetic EngineeringKyung Hee University Yongin Korea
| | - Min Sup Kim
- Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul Korea
| | - Bon Kang Gu
- Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul Korea
| | - Chang Mo Kang
- Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of Polymer‐Nano Science and Technology, Polymer Fusion Research CenterChonbuk National University Jeonju Korea
| | - Chun‐Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Tissue EngineeringKorea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Seoul Korea
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