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Zamanian MY, Sadeghi Ivraghi M, Khachatryan LG, Vadiyan DE, Bali HY, Golmohammadi M. A review of experimental and clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7485-7503. [PMID: 38107091 PMCID: PMC10724645 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently linked to metabolic disorders and is prevalent in obese and diabetic patients. The pathophysiology of NAFLD involves multiple factors, including insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and genetic predisposition. Recently, there has been an emphasis on the use of herbal remedies with many people around the world resorting to phytonutrients or nutraceuticals for treatment of numerous health challenges in various national healthcare settings. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) parts, such as juice, peel, seed and flower, have high polyphenol content and is well known for its antioxidant capabilities. Pomegranate polyphenols, such as hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, have high antioxidant capabilities that can help lower the OS and inflammation associated with NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate whether pomegranate parts could attenuate OS, inflammation, and other risk factors associated with NAFLD, and ultimately prevent the development of the disease. The findings of this study revealed that: 1. pomegranate juice contains hypoglycemic qualities that can assist manage blood sugar levels, which is vital for avoiding and treating NAFLD. 2. Polyphenols from pomegranate flowers increase paraoxonase 1 (PON1) mRNA and protein levels in the liver, which can help protect liver enzymes and prevent NAFLD. 3. Punicalagin (PU) is one of the major ellagitannins found in pomegranate, and PU-enriched pomegranate extract (PE) has been shown to inhibit HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid deposition in rats. 4. Pomegranate fruit consumption, which is high in antioxidants, can decrease the activity of AST and ALT (markers of liver damage), lower TNF-α (a marker of inflammation), and improve overall antioxidant capacity in NAFLD patients. Overall, the polyphenols in pomegranate extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and protective effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yassin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | | | - Lusine G. Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's HealthI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Diana E. Vadiyan
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and OrthodonticsI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
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Medina-Díaz IM, Ponce-Ruíz N, Rojas-García AE, Zambrano-Zargoza JF, Bernal-Hernández YY, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Herrera-Moreno JF. The Relationship between Cancer and Paraoxonase 1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040697. [PMID: 35453382 PMCID: PMC9028432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out to understand and elucidate the mechanisms of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in the development of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between PON1 and cancer. The data suggest that PON1, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked. Certainly, the gene expression of PON1 will remain challenging to study. Therefore, targeting PON1, redox-sensitive pathways, and transcription factors promise prevention and therapy in the development of several diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Néstor Ponce-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | | | - Yael Y. Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Briscia S. Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
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Karami S, Poustchi H, Sarmadi N, Radmard AR, Ali Yari F, Pakdel A, Shabani P. Association of anti-oxidative capacity of HDL with subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:121. [PMID: 34702329 PMCID: PMC8549143 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are at a substantial risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is well known to have protective effects against the development of atherosclerotic CVD. One of the major antiatherogenic effects of HDL is its anti-oxidative function. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association of anti-oxidative capacity of HDL with subclinical atherosclerosis in NAFLD and non-NAFLD subjects. METHODS A total of 143 subjects including 51 NAFLD and 92 control subjects were included in this case-control study. HDL oxidative index (HOI) was determined spectrophotometrically using a cell-free method in the presence of a fluorescent substrate dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels were assessed in both groups. RESULTS The NAFLD patients with impaired HDL anti-oxidative function (HOI ≥ 1) had higher MDA levels, aspartate amino transferase (AST), liver stiffness (LS), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) values compared to the controls. HDL oxidative index (HOI) was positively correlated with MDA levels and cIMT and negatively correlated with SOD activity. CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating levels of MDA were associated with the impaired anti-oxidative function of HDL in NAFLD. The impaired anti-oxidative capacity of HDL might be related to NAFLD severity and subclinical atherosclerosis in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Sarmadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Radmard
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ali Yari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Pakdel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Shabani
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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Bayrak BB, Tunali S, Bal-Demirci T, Ulkuseven B, Yanardag R. Glycoprotein levels and oxidative lung injury in experimental diabetes: effect of oxovanadium(IV) complex based on thiosemicarbazone. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:581-588. [PMID: 34240667 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1941462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is chronic and metabolic disorder, which is mainly attributed by hyperglycemia. Vanadium salts and their oxo-complexes have been shown to possess insulin-mimetic and anti-diabetic activities in animal models and diabetic patients. The main goal of this study was to investigate the protective effect of oxovanadium(IV) complex based on thiosemicarbazone (VOL) [L: (N(1)-2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene-N-(4)-2-hydroxybenzylidene-S-methyl-isothiosemicarbazidato-oxovanadium(IV)] on glycoprotein components levels and oxidative lung injury of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Swiss albino rats were separated into four groups. Group I (n = 5): Control (normal) animals, Group II (n = 5): Control animals administered with VOL, Group III (n = 6): STZ-induced diabetic animals, and Group IV (n = 5): STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with VOL. VOL was given to the experimental animals by gavage at a dose of 0.2 mM/kg body weight every day for 12 days. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg body weight). On the 12th day, lung tissue samples were taken. Glycoprotein components, advanced oxidation protein products, protein carbonyl, hydroxyproline levels, and prolidase, arginase, xanthine oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and adenosine deaminase activities significantly increased whereas aryl esterase, paraoxonase-1, carbonic anhydrase, Na+/K+-ATPase activities remarkably decreased in lung tissue of diabetic rats. Treatment with VOL reversed these effects showing a beneficial effect. The present study shows that VOL has a protective effect against diabetes-induced lung damage as well as on abnormal glycoprotein component levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertan Boran Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Tunali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Bal-Demirci
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahri Ulkuseven
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kravchenko LV, Aksenov IV, Nikitin NS, Guseva GV, Avrenyeva LI, Trusov NV, Balakina AS, Tutelyan VA. Lipoic Acid Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Accumulation in the Liver of Wistar Rats Fed a Hypercaloric Choline-Deficient Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:1999. [PMID: 34200615 PMCID: PMC8227681 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently estimated as the most prevalent chronic liver disease in all age groups. An increasing body of evidence obtained in experimental and clinical data indicates that oxidative stress is the most important pathogenic factor in the development of NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate the impact of α-lipoic acid (LA), widely used as an antioxidant, on the effects of a hypercaloric choline-deficient diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control diet (C); hypercaloric choline-deficient diet (HCCD), and hypercaloric choline-deficient diet with α-lipoic acid (HCCD+LA). Supplementation of HCCD with LA for eight weeks led to a decrease in visceral adipose tissue/body weight ratio, the activity of liver glutathione peroxidase and paraoxonase-1, plasma, and liver total antioxidant activity, as well as an increase in liver/body weight ratio, liver total lipid and triglyceride content, and liver transaminase activities compared to the HCCD group without LA. In conclusion, our study shows that α-lipoic acid detains obesity development but exacerbates the severity of diet-induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in the liver of male Wistar rats fed a hypercaloric choline-deficient diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia V. Kravchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Ilya V. Aksenov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Nikolay S. Nikitin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Galina V. Guseva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Ludmila I. Avrenyeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Nikita V. Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Anastasia S. Balakina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
| | - Victor A. Tutelyan
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.K.); (N.S.N.); (G.V.G.); (L.I.A.); (N.V.T.); (A.S.B.); (V.A.T.)
- FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First MSMU MOH Russia (Sechenovskiy University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Paraoxonase 1 and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082323. [PMID: 33923656 PMCID: PMC8072946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, reliable biomarkers of NAFLD in relation to oxidative stress are not available. While paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant biomarker, there appears to be mixed data on PON-1 in patients with NAFLD. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the current data on PON1 activity (i.e., paraoxonase and arylesterase) in patients with NAFLD. A PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase search identified 12 eligible articles. In the meta-analysis, the paraoxonase activity was low in patients with NAFLD (mean difference (MD) −27.17 U/L; 95% confidence interval (CI) −37.31 to −17.03). No difference was noted in the arylesterase activity (MD 2.45 U/L; 95% CI −39.83 to 44.74). In a subgroup analysis, the paraoxonase activity was low in biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (MD −92.11 U/L; 95% CI −115.11 to −69.11), while the activity in NAFLD as diagnosed by ultrasonography or laboratory data was similar (MD −2.91 U/L; 95% CI −11.63 to 5.80) to that of non-NAFLD. In summary, the PON1, especially paraoxonase, activity could be a useful biomarker of NAFLD. Further studies are warranted to ascertain the relevance of PON1 measurements in patients with NAFLD.
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Lu S, Chen X, Chen Q, Cahilog Z, Hu L, Chen Y, Cao J, Ning J, Yi B, Lu K, Gu J. Effects of dexmedetomidine on the function of distal organs and oxidative stress after lower limb ischaemia-reperfusion in elderly patients undergoing unilateral knee arthroplasty. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:4212-4220. [PMID: 33754371 PMCID: PMC8596637 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aims to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on organ function, inflammation response, and oxidative stress in elderly patients following iatrogenic lower limb ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) during unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Methods Following unilateral total knee arthroplasty, 54 elderly patients were randomized to receive either intraoperative intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine (n = 27) or equivalent volume of 0.9% saline (n = 27). Blood samples were harvested at 5 minutes before lower limb tourniquet release (baseline); and 1, 6 and 24 hours after tourniquet release. Surrogate markers of cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic and renal function, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, along with parasympathetic and sympathetic activity were recorded and analysed. Results The levels of blood xanthine oxidase, creatine kinase, lactic acid and respiratory index increased in patients following tourniquet‐induced lower limb IR injury. Dexmedetomidine administration decreased the respiratory index (P = .014, P = .01, and P = .043) and the norepinephrine level (P < .001) at 1, 6 and 24 hours; and decreased the xanthine oxidase level (P = .049, P < .001) at 6 and 24 hours after tourniquet release compared with the Control group. Other measurements, including creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, urea nitrogen, glutamic–oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic–pyruvic transaminase, malondialdehyde, interleukin‐1, interleukin‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α, were not statistically significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions Intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration in elderly patients dampens the deterioration in respiratory function and suppresses the oxidative stress response in elderly patients following iatrogenic lower limb IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunshan Lu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingtong Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China.,Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zhen Cahilog
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaolin Ning
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaizhi Lu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianteng Gu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing, China
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Ibrahim KA, Eleyan M, Khwanes SA, Mohamed RA, Abd El-Rahman HA. Quercetin ameliorates the hepatic apoptosis of foetal rats induced by in utero exposure to fenitrothion via the transcriptional regulation of paraoxonase-1 and apoptosis-related genes. Biomarkers 2021; 26:152-162. [PMID: 33439051 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1875505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE Exposure to organophosphorus during different phases of pregnancy induces many adverse impacts on the developing foetuses due to their immature detoxification system. We have estimated the potential amelioration role of quercetin against hepatic injury-induced apoptosis in rat foetuses following gestational exposure to fenitrothion and probable involvement of paraoxonase-1. METHODS Forty pregnant rats were allocated into four groups; the first one kept as control, the second intubated with quercetin (100 mg/kg), the third orally administrated fenitrothion (4.62 mg/kg) and the last group received quercetin two hours before fenitrothion intoxication. RESULTS Fenitrothion significantly elevated the foetal hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl, and nitric oxide, but it reduced the enzymatic activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and acetylcholinesterase. Furthermore, fenitrothion provoked many histopathological changes in the foetal liver and markedly up-regulated the mRNA gene expression of p53, caspase-9 along with elevation in the immunoreactivity of Bax and caspase-3, but it down-regulated the expression level of paraoxonase-1. Remarkably, quercetin co-treatment successfully ameliorated the hepatic oxidative injury and apoptosis prompted by fenitrothion. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplements with quercetin can be used to reduce the risk from organophosphorus exposure probably through paraoxonase-1 up-regulation and enhancement of the cellular antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairy A Ibrahim
- Mammalian Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Eleyan
- Department of Laboratory Medical Sciences, Alaqsa University, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Soad A Khwanes
- Mammalian Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania A Mohamed
- Mammalian Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Hepatoprotective Effects of a Novel Trihoney against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comparative Study with Atorvastatin. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:4503253. [PMID: 33132768 PMCID: PMC7568805 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4503253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide with no curative therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of a novel Trihoney against biochemical and histological manifestations of NAFLD in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Methodology. Forty-eight male New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were grouped into normal diet (C), normal diet with 0.6 g/kg/day of Trihoney (C + H), 1% cholesterol diet (HCD), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.3 g/kg/day of Trihoney (HCD + H1), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.6 g/kg/day of Trihoney (HCD + H2), and 1% cholesterol diet with 2 mg/kg/day of atorvastatin (HCD + At.). Animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks of treatment. Serum lipids and liver function test (LFT) were measured prior to and at the endpoint of the experiment for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total bilirubin (T. Bil.). Liver was processed for histopathology study. Liver homogenate was analysed for oxidative stress parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results. Lipid analysis approved the induction of hypercholesterolemia. A significant elevation (p < 0.01) of serum AST and ALT levels showed by the HCD group was compared to C and C + H groups. Trihoney exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of AST and ALT compared to the HCD group. Likewise, AST and ALT reduced significantly in the HCD + At. group (p < 0.001). Trihoney supplementation induced significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of SOD and GPx activities. Atorvastatin treatment was associated with significant (p < 0.05) reduction of SOD and GPx activities in the liver. Trihoney and atorvastatin showed marked (p < 0.001) reduction of hepatic lipid peroxidation. Trihoney showed histological protection against progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Atorvastatin exhibited no beneficial impact on hepatic architecture. Conclusion. Trihoney was able to maintain normal liver function and showed hepatoprotection against progression of NAFLD to NASH probably through hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant functions.
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Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabrés M, Abbate M, Montemayor S, Mascaró CM, Casares M, Tejada S, Abete I, Zulet MA, Tur JA, Martínez JA, Sureda A. Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080759. [PMID: 32824349 PMCID: PMC7463614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat accumulation, especially triglycerides, in hepatocytes. If the pathology is not properly treated, it can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and continue to fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the plasma biomarkers of liver damage, oxidative stress and inflammation that facilitate the early diagnosis of the disease and control its progression. Methods: Antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the plasma of patients diagnosed with NAFLD (n = 100 adults; 40–60 years old) living in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Patients were classified according to the intrahepatic fat content (IFC) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Circulating glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in patients with an IFC ≥ 2 of NAFLD in comparison to patients with an IFC of 0 and 1. The plasma levels of catalase, irisin, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and cytokeratin 18 were higher in stage ≥2 subjects, whereas the resolvin D1 levels were lower. No differences were observed in xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, protein carbonyl and fibroblast growth factor 21 depending on liver status. Conclusion: The current available data show that the severity of NAFLD is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and proinflammatory status. It may be also useful as diagnostic purpose in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuela Abbate
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-1731; Fax: +34-971-173184
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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11
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Wang XX, Sha XL, Li YL, Li CL, Chen SH, Wang JJ, Xia Z. Lung injury induced by short-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia and its mitigation by deferoxamine in rats. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:188. [PMID: 32738874 PMCID: PMC7395352 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia can induce lung injury. General anesthesia is associated with a very high incidence of hyperoxaemia, despite it usually lasts for a relatively short period of time. It remains unclear whether short-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia has an adverse impact on or cause injury to the lungs. The present study aimed to assess whether short-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia may cause lung injury in rats and whether deferoxamine (DFO), a ferrous ion chelator, could mitigate such injury to the lungs and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8/group): mechanical ventilated with normoxia group (MV group, FiO2 = 21%), with hyperoxia group (HMV group, FiO2 = 90%), or with hyperoxia + DFO group (HMV + DFO group, FiO2 = 90%). Mechanical ventilation under different oxygen concentrations was given for 4 h, and ECG was monitored. The HMV + DFO group received continuous intravenous infusion of DFO at 50 mg•kg- 1•h- 1, while the MV and HMV groups received an equal volume of normal saline. Carotid artery cannulation was carried out to monitor the blood gas parameters under mechanical ventilation for 2 and 4 h, respectively, and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was calculated. After 4 h ventilation, the right anterior lobe of the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the right lung was sampled for pathological and biochemical assays. RESULTS PaO2 in the HMV and HMV + DFO groups were significantly higher, but the PaO2/FiO2 ratio were significantly lower than those of the MV group (all p < 0.01), while PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio between HMV + DFO and HMV groups did not differ significantly. The lung pathological scores and the wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) in the HMV and HMV + DFO groups were significantly higher than those of the MV group, but the lung pathological score and the W/D ratio were reduced by DFO (p < 0.05, HMV + DFO vs. HMV). Biochemically, HMV resulted in significant reductions in Surfactant protein C (SP-C), Surfactant protein D (SP-D), and Glutathion reductase (GR) levels and elevation of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in both the Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the lung tissue homogenate, and all these changes were prevented or significantly reverted by DFO. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia for 4 h induced oxidative injury of the lungs, accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the concentrations of SP-C and SP-D. DFO could mitigate such injury by lowering XOD activity and elevating GR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lan Sha
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Lan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Heng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, People's Republic of China
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12
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Jia Z, Zhao C, Wang M, Zhao X, Zhang W, Han T, Xia Q, Han Z, Lin R, Li X. Hepatotoxicity assessment of Rhizoma Paridis in adult zebrafish through proteomes and metabolome. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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13
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Milaciu MV, Vesa ȘC, Bocșan IC, Ciumărnean L, Sâmpelean D, Negrean V, Pop RM, Matei DM, Pașca S, Răchișan AL, Buzoianu AD, Acalovschi M. Paraoxonase-1 Serum Concentration and PON1 Gene Polymorphisms: Relationship with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122200. [PMID: 31847187 PMCID: PMC6947206 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important cause of chronic liver diseases around the world. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an enzyme produced by the liver with an important antioxidant role. The aim of this study was to evaluate PON1 serum concentration and PON1 gene polymorphisms in patients with NAFLD. Materials and methods: We studied a group of 81 patients with NAFLD with persistently elevated aminotransferases and a control group of 81 patients without liver diseases. We collected clinical information and performed routine blood tests. We also measured the serum concentration of PON1 and evaluated the PON1 gene polymorphisms L55M, Q192R, and C-108T. Results: There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in serum PON1 concentrations among the two groups. The heterozygous and the mutated homozygous variants (LM + MM) of the L55M polymorphism were more frequent in the NAFLD group (p < 0.001). These genotypes were found in a multivariate binary logistic regression to be independently linked to NAFLD (Odds ratio = 3.4; p = 0.04). In a multivariate linear regression model, the presence of NAFLD was associated with low PON1 concentration (p < 0.001). Conclusions: PON1 serum concentrations were diminished in patients with NAFLD, and the presence of NAFLD was linked with low PON1 concentration. The LM + MM genotypes of the PON1 L55M polymorphism were an independent predictor for NAFLD with persistently elevated aminotransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Vasile Milaciu
- Department 5—Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.M.); (D.S.); (V.N.)
| | - Ștefan Cristian Vesa
- Department 2—Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.C.V.); (I.C.B.); (R.M.P.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Ioana Corina Bocșan
- Department 2—Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.C.V.); (I.C.B.); (R.M.P.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Lorena Ciumărnean
- Department 5—Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.M.); (D.S.); (V.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorel Sâmpelean
- Department 5—Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.M.); (D.S.); (V.N.)
| | - Vasile Negrean
- Department 5—Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.M.); (D.S.); (V.N.)
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department 2—Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.C.V.); (I.C.B.); (R.M.P.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Daniela Maria Matei
- Department 5—Internal Medicine, 3rd Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Pașca
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Liana Răchișan
- Department of Pediatrics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department 2—Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.C.V.); (I.C.B.); (R.M.P.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Monica Acalovschi
- Doctoral School, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Su RC, Lad A, Breidenbach JD, Blomquist TM, Gunning WT, Dube P, Kleinhenz AL, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Hyperglycemia induces key genetic and phenotypic changes in human liver epithelial HepG2 cells which parallel the Leprdb/J mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225604. [PMID: 31805072 PMCID: PMC6894821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health concern. With a propensity to progress towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, NAFLD is an important link amongst a multitude of comorbidities including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular and kidney disease. As several in vivo models of hyperglycemia and NAFLD are employed to investigate the pathophysiology of this disease process, we aimed to characterize an in vitro model of hyperglycemia that was amenable to address molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets at the cellular level. Utilizing hyperglycemic cell culturing conditions, we induced steatosis within a human hepatocyte cell line (HepG2 cells), as confirmed by electron microscopy. The deposition and accumulation of lipids within hyperglycemic HepG2 cells is significantly greater than in normoglycemic cells, as visualized and quantified by Nile red staining. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), diagnostic biomarkers for liver damage and disease, were found to be upregulated in hyperglycemic HepG2 cells as compared with normoglycemic cells. Suppression of CEACAM1, GLUT2, and PON1, and elevation of CD36, PCK1, and G6PK were also found to be characteristic in hyperglycemic HepG2 cells compared with normoglycemic cells, suggesting insulin resistance and NAFLD. These in vitro findings mirror the characteristic genetic and phenotypic profile seen in Leprdb/J mice, a well-established in vivo model of NAFLD. In conclusion, we characterize an in vitro model displaying several key genetic and phenotypic characteristics in common with NAFLD that may assist future studies in addressing the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C. Su
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Blomquist
- Department of Pathology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William T. Gunning
- Department of Pathology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DK); (SH)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DK); (SH)
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Sayılan Özgün G, Özgün E, Tabakçıoğlu K, Süer Gökmen S, Eskiocak S. Effect of palmitate-induced steatosis on paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3 enzymes in human-derived liver (HepG2) cells. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.623975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Lv Y, Gao X, Luo Y, Fan W, Shen T, Ding C, Yao M, Song S, Yan L. Apigenin ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD through regulation of the XO/NLRP3 pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 71:110-121. [PMID: 31325892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality disease in the world. However, no effective pharmacological treatment for NAFLD has been found. In this study, we used a high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD model to investigate hepatoprotective effect of apigenin (API) against NAFLD and further explored its potential mechanism. Our results demonstrated that gavage administration of API could mitigate HFD-induced liver injury, enhance insulin sensitivity and markedly reduce lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice livers. In addition, histological analysis showed that hepatic steatosis and macrophages recruitment in the API treatment group were recovered compared with mice fed with HFD alone. Importantly, API could reverse the HFD-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, further reduced inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 release, accompanied with the inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and the reduction of uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The pharmacological role of API was further confirmed using free fatty acid (FFA) induced cell NAFLD model. Taking together, our results demonstrated that API could protect against HFD-induced NAFLD by ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. These protective effects may be partially attributed to the regulation of XO by API, which further modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 release. Therefore API is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Administration for Market Regulation of GuangDong Province Key Laboratory of Supervision for Edible Agricultural Products, Shenzhen Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products, Shenzhen 518000, GuangDong Province, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongtong Shen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Liping Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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17
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Yeo YH, Lai YC. Redox Regulation of Metabolic Syndrome: Recent Developments in Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 9:79-86. [PMID: 32818162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several new discoveries over the past decade have shown that metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic disorders, including increased visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and low HDL-cholesterol, is commonly associated with skeletal muscle insulin resistance. More recently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was recognized as an additional condition that is strongly associated with features of metabolic syndrome. While the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and fatty liver is multifactorial, the role of dysregulated redox signaling has been clearly demonstrated in the regulation of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and NAFLD. In this review, we aim to provide recent updates on redox regulation with respect to (a) pro-oxidant enzymes (e.g. NAPDH oxidase and xanthine oxidase); (b) mitochondrial dysfunction; (c) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; (d) iron metabolism derangements; and (e) gut-skeletal muscle or gut-liver connection in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and NAFLD. Furthermore, we discuss promising new therapeutic strategies targeting redox regulation currently under investigation for the treatment of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hui Yeo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN, USA
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18
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van den Berg EH, Gruppen EG, James RW, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Serum paraoxonase 1 activity is paradoxically maintained in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease despite low HDL cholesterol. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:168-175. [PMID: 30455362 PMCID: PMC6314263 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p088997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by low HDL cholesterol, but the activity of the HDL-associated antioxidative enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) remains unclear. To determine the association of PON-1 with suspected NAFLD, we measured serum enzyme activity in 7,622 participants of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease cohort. A fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60, a proxy of NAFLD, was present in 2,083 participants (27.3%) and coincided with increased prevalence of T2D, metabolic syndrome (MetS), (central) obesity, elevated triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol (all P < 0.001). In men and women combined, serum PON-1 activity did not vary according to elevated FLI (P = 0.98), whereas in men with elevated FLI PON-1 activity was increased (P = 0.016). In multivariable linear regression analyses (adjusted for age, sex, T2D, MetS, alcohol use, and smoking), PON-1 activity was unexpectedly associated with elevated FLI (β = 0.083; P < 0.001). In a sensitivity analysis (n = 5,126) that excluded subjects with positive cardiovascular history, impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate, elevated urinary albumin excretion, and drug use, PON-1 activity was also independently associated with elevated FLI (β = 0.045; P = 0.017). These results indicate that PON-1 is paradoxically maintained and may even be increased in NAFLD despite inverse associations with metabolic disorders and low HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline H van den Berg
- Departments of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eke G Gruppen
- Departments of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Departments of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W James
- Departments of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Departments of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Departments of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yu Z, Ou Q, Chen F, Bi J, Li W, Ma J, Wang R, Huang X. Evaluation of the prognostic value of paraoxonase 1 in the recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and establishment of a liver-specific predictive model of survival. J Transl Med 2018; 16:327. [PMID: 30477582 PMCID: PMC6258254 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor with a highly invasive and metastatic phenotype, and the detection of potential indicators associated with its recurrence and metastasis after surgical resection is critical for patient survival. Methods Transcriptome data for large cohorts (n = 1432) from multicenter sources were comprehensively analyzed to explore such potential signatures. The prognostic value of the selected indicators was investigated and discussed, and a comparison with conventional clinicopathological features was performed. A survival predictive nomogram for 5-year survival was established with the selected indicator using the Cox proportional hazards regression. To validate the indicator at the protein level, we performed immunohistochemical staining with paraffin-embedded slides of hepatocellular carcinoma samples (n = 67 patients) from our hospital. Finally, a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to detect the underlying biological processes and internal mechanisms. Results The liver-specific protein paraoxonase 1 (PON1) was found to be the most relevant indicator of tumor recurrence, invasiveness, and metastasis in the present study, and the downregulation of PON1 might reveal poor survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The C-index of the PON1-related nomogram was 0.714, thus indicating a more effective predictive performance than the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor stage (0.534), AJCC T stage (0.565), or alpha-fetoprotein (0.488). The GSEA revealed that PON1 was associated with several hepatocellular carcinoma-related pathways, including the cell cycle, DNA replication, gap junction and p53 downstream pathways. Conclusions The downregulation of paraoxonase 1 may suggest worse outcomes and a higher recurrence rate. Thus, paraoxonase 1 might represent an indicator for predicting the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1707-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yu
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qifeng Ou
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiong Bi
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jieyi Ma
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rongchang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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20
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Cao J, Mi Y, Shi C, Bian Y, Huang C, Ye Z, Liu L, Miao L. First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs induce hepatotoxicity: A novel mechanism based on a urinary metabolomics platform. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:485-491. [PMID: 29454961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has become a global public health and social threat. As clinical first-line drugs, rifampicin and isoniazid used in combination with pyrazinamide and ethambutol (the HRZE regimen) usually induce hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear, and studying the metabolic impact of co-treating TB patients with the HRZE regimen can provide new hepatotoxicity evidence. In this study, urine metabolites from TB patients were profiled using a high-resolution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The tricarboxylic acid circulation, arginine and proline metabolism and purine metabolic pathways were found to be affected by anti-TB drugs. The levels of pyroglutamate, isocitrate, citrate, and xanthine were significantly decreased after the administration of HRZE. The above mentioned pathways were also different between drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and non-DILI patients. Urate and cis-4-octenedioic acid levels in the DILI group were significantly increased compared to those in the non-DILI group, while the cis-aconitate and hypoxanthine levels were significantly decreased. These results highlight that superoxide generation can aggravate the hepatotoxic effects of the HRZE regimen. In addition, our metabolomic approach had the ability to predict hepatotoxicity for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yijun Mi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Cuilin Shi
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yicong Bian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chenrong Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhijian Ye
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Linsheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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