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Vizuete AFK, Fróes F, Seady M, Hansen F, Ligabue-Braun R, Gonçalves CA, Souza DO. A Mechanism of Action of Metformin in the Brain: Prevention of Methylglyoxal-Induced Glutamatergic Impairment in Acute Hippocampal Slices. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3223-3239. [PMID: 37980327 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide compound (N-1,1-dimethylbiguanide), is widely prescribed for diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) treatment. It also presents a plethora of properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-tumorigenic, and anti-AGE formation activity. However, the precise mechanism of action of metformin in the central nervous system (CNS) needs to be clarified. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective role of metformin in acute hippocampal slices exposed to methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound and a key molecule in T2D developmental pathophysiology. Metformin protected acute hippocampal slices from MG-induced glutamatergic neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation by reducing IL-1β synthesis and secretion and RAGE protein expression. The drug also improved astrocyte function, particularly with regard to the glutamatergic system, increasing glutamate uptake. Moreover, we observed a direct effect of metformin on glutamate transporters, where the compound prevented glycation, by facilitating enzymatic phosphorylation close to Lys residues, suggesting a new neuroprotective role of metformin via PKC ζ in preventing dysfunction in glutamatergic system induced by MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fernanda K Vizuete
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Fróes
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Seady
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Avenida Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, 90050-130, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
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2
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Udduttula A, Jakubovics N, Khan I, Pontiroli L, Rankin KS, Gentile P, Ferreira AM. Layer-by-Layer Coatings of Collagen-Hyaluronic acid Loaded with an Antibacterial Manuka Honey Bioactive Compound to Fight Metallic Implant Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58119-58135. [PMID: 38055248 PMCID: PMC10739588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Implant-associated severe infections can result in catastrophic implant failures; thus, advanced antibacterial coatings are needed to combat infections. This study focuses on harnessing nature-inspired self-assembly of extracellular matrix (ECM)-like coatings on Ti alloy with a combination of jellyfish-derived collagen (J-COLL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) using our customized automated hybrid layer-by-layer apparatus. To improve the anti-infection efficacy of coatings, we have incorporated a natural antibacterial agent methylglyoxal (MGO, a Manuka honey compound) in optimized multilayer coatings. The obtainment of MGO-loaded multilayer coatings was successfully assessed by profilometry, contact angle, attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In vitro degradation confirmed the controlled release activity of MGO with a range of concentrations from 0.90 to 2.38 mM up to 21 days. A bacterial cell culture study using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) confirmed that the MGO incorporated within layers 7 and 9 had a favorable effect on preventing bacterial growth and colonization on their surfaces. An in vitro cytocompatibility study confirmed that MGO agents included in the layers did not affect or reduce the cellular functionalities of L929 fibroblasts. In addition, MGO-loaded layers with Immortalized Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Y201 TERT-hMSCs) were found to favor the growth and differentiation of Y201 cells and promote calcium nodule formation. Overall, these surface coatings are promising candidates for delivering antimicrobial activity with bone-inducing functions for future bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Udduttula
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
- Centre
of Biomaterials, Cellular & Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, TN 632014, India
| | - Nicholas Jakubovics
- School
of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle
Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Imran Khan
- Biomet
UK Healthcare Ltd, Stella Building, Windmill Hill Business Park, Swindon SN5 6NX, U.K.
| | - Lucia Pontiroli
- Biomet
UK Healthcare Ltd, Stella Building, Windmill Hill Business Park, Swindon SN5 6NX, U.K.
| | - Kenneth S. Rankin
- Translational
and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
| | - Ana M. Ferreira
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1
7RU, U.K.
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3
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Maisenbacher TC, Ehnert S, Histing T, Nüssler AK, Menger MM. Advantages and Limitations of Diabetic Bone Healing in Mouse Models: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3302. [PMID: 38137522 PMCID: PMC10741210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes represents a major risk factor for impaired fracture healing. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic worldwide, hence an increase in diabetes-related complications in fracture healing can be expected. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Different mouse models are used in preclinical trauma research for fracture healing under diabetic conditions. The present review elucidates and evaluates the characteristics of state-of-the-art murine diabetic fracture healing models. Three major categories of murine models were identified: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes models, diet-induced diabetes models, and transgenic diabetes models. They all have specific advantages and limitations and affect bone physiology and fracture healing differently. The studies differed widely in their diabetic and fracture healing models and the chosen models were evaluated and discussed, raising concerns in the comparability of the current literature. Researchers should be aware of the presented advantages and limitations when choosing a murine diabetes model. Given the rapid increase in type II diabetics worldwide, our review found that there are a lack of models that sufficiently mimic the development of type II diabetes in adult patients over the years. We suggest that a model with a high-fat diet that accounts for 60% of the daily calorie intake over a period of at least 12 weeks provides the most accurate representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja C. Maisenbacher
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.H.); (M.M.M.)
- Siegfried Weller Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.H.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Andreas K. Nüssler
- Siegfried Weller Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Maximilian M. Menger
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.H.); (M.M.M.)
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4
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Waqas K, Muller M, Koedam M, El Kadi Y, Zillikens MC, van der Eerden BCJ. Methylglyoxal - an advanced glycation end products (AGEs) precursor - Inhibits differentiation of human MSC-derived osteoblasts in vitro independently of receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Bone 2022; 164:116526. [PMID: 35995334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A major precursor of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) - methylglyoxal (MG) - is a reactive carbonyl metabolite that originates from glycolytic pathways. MG formation and accumulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and age-related chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent cells that have the potential to differentiate into cells of mesenchymal origin including osteoblasts, but the role of MG on their differentiation is unclear. We therefore evaluated the effect of MG on proliferation and differentiation of BMSC-derived osteoblasts. Cells were treated with different concentrations of MG (600, 800 and 1000 μM). Cell viability was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition assays were performed to evaluate osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Gene expression was measured using qRT-PCR, whereas AGE specific receptor (RAGE) and collagen 1 were examined by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. RAGE knockdown was performed by transducing RAGE specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) using lentivirus. During osteogenic differentiation, MG treatment resulted in reduction of cell viability (27.7 %), ALP activity (45.5 %) and mineralization (82.3 %) compared to untreated cells. MG significantly decreased expression of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation - RUNX2 (2.8 fold), ALPL (3.2 fold), MG detoxification through glyoxalase - GLO1 (3 fold) and collagen metabolism - COL1A1 (4.9 fold), COL1A2 (6.8 fold), LOX (5.4 fold) and PLOD1 (1.7 fold). MG significantly reduced expression of collagen 1 (53.3 %) and RAGE (43.1 %) at protein levels. Co-treatment with a MG scavenger - aminoguanidine - prevented all negative effects of MG. RAGE-specific knockdown during MG treatment did not reverse the effects on cell viability, osteogenic differentiation or collagen metabolism. In conclusion, MG treatment can negatively influence the collagen metabolism and differentiation of BMSCs-derived osteoblasts through a RAGE independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Waqas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Muller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Koedam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Youssra El Kadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Lai SWT, Lopez Gonzalez EDJ, Zoukari T, Ki P, Shuck SC. Methylglyoxal and Its Adducts: Induction, Repair, and Association with Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1720-1746. [PMID: 36197742 PMCID: PMC9580021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is an essential part of life that provides energy for cell growth. During metabolic flux, reactive electrophiles are produced that covalently modify macromolecules, leading to detrimental cellular effects. Methylglyoxal (MG) is an abundant electrophile formed from lipid, protein, and glucose metabolism at intracellular levels of 1-4 μM. MG covalently modifies DNA, RNA, and protein, forming advanced glycation end products (MG-AGEs). MG and MG-AGEs are associated with the onset and progression of many pathologies including diabetes, cancer, and liver and kidney disease. Regulating MG and MG-AGEs is a potential strategy to prevent disease, and they may also have utility as biomarkers to predict disease risk, onset, and progression. Here, we review recent advances and knowledge surrounding MG, including its production and elimination, mechanisms of MG-AGEs formation, the physiological impact of MG and MG-AGEs in disease onset and progression, and the latter in the context of its receptor RAGE. We also discuss methods for measuring MG and MG-AGEs and their clinical application as prognostic biomarkers to allow for early detection and intervention prior to disease onset. Finally, we consider relevant clinical applications and current therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting MG, MG-AGEs, and RAGE to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigmund Wai Tsuen Lai
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Edwin De Jesus Lopez Gonzalez
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Tala Zoukari
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Priscilla Ki
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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6
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Al-Hatamleh MAI, Alshaer W, Hatmal MM, Lambuk L, Ahmed N, Mustafa MZ, Low SC, Jaafar J, Ferji K, Six JL, Uskoković V, Mohamud R. Applications of Alginate-Based Nanomaterials in Enhancing the Therapeutic Effects of Bee Products. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:865833. [PMID: 35480890 PMCID: PMC9035631 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.865833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the ancient times, bee products (i.e., honey, propolis, pollen, bee venom, bee bread, and royal jelly) have been considered as natural remedies with therapeutic effects against a number of diseases. The therapeutic pleiotropy of bee products is due to their diverse composition and chemical properties, which is independent on the bee species. This has encouraged researchers to extensively study the therapeutic potentials of these products, especially honey. On the other hand, amid the unprecedented growth in nanotechnology research and applications, nanomaterials with various characteristics have been utilized to improve the therapeutic efficiency of these products. Towards keeping the bee products as natural and non-toxic therapeutics, the green synthesis of nanocarriers loaded with these products or their extracts has received a special attention. Alginate is a naturally produced biopolymer derived from brown algae, the desirable properties of which include biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and non-immunogenicity. This review presents an overview of alginates, including their properties, nanoformulations, and pharmaceutical applications, placing a particular emphasis on their applications for the enhancement of the therapeutic effects of bee products. Despite the paucity of studies on fabrication of alginate-based nanomaterials loaded with bee products or their extracts, recent advances in the area of utilizing alginate-based nanomaterials and other types of materials to enhance the therapeutic potentials of bee products are summarized in this work. As the most widespread and well-studied bee products, honey and propolis have garnered a special interest; combining them with alginate-based nanomaterials has led to promising findings, especially for wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Furthermore, future directions are proposed and discussed to encourage researchers to develop alginate-based stingless bee product nanomedicines, and to help in selecting suitable methods for devising nanoformulations based on multi-criteria decision making models. Also, the commercialization prospects of nanocomposites based on alginates and bee products are discussed. In conclusion, preserving original characteristics of the bee products is a critical challenge in developing nano-carrier systems. Alginate-based nanomaterials are well suited for this task because they can be fabricated without the use of harsh conditions, such as shear force and freeze-drying, which are often used for other nano-carriers. Further, conjunction of alginates with natural polymers such as honey does not only combine the medicinal properties of alginates and honey, but it could also enhance the mechanical properties and cell adhesion capacity of alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ma’mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lidawani Lambuk
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkifli Mustafa
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Siew Chun Low
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Ferji
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Luc Six
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Rohimah Mohamud,
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7
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Takanche JS, Kim JE, Jang S, Yi HK. Insulin growth factor binding protein-3 enhances dental implant osseointegration against methylglyoxal-induced bone deterioration in a rat model. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2022; 52:155-169. [PMID: 35505576 PMCID: PMC9064780 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2101200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of insulin growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) on the inhibition of glucose oxidative stress and promotion of bone formation near the implant site in a rat model of methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced bone loss. METHODS An in vitro study was performed in MC3T3 E1 cells treated with chitosan gold nanoparticles (Ch-GNPs) conjugated with IGFBP-3 cDNA followed by MGO. An in vivo study was conducted in a rat model induced by MGO administration after the insertion of a dental implant coated with IGFBP-3. RESULTS MGO treatment downregulated molecules involved in osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in MC3T3 E1 cells and influenced the bone mineral density and bone volume of the femur and alveolar bone. In contrast, IGFBP-3 inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced osteogenesis in MGO-treated MC3T3 E1 cells. In addition, IGFBP-3 promoted bone formation by reducing inflammatory proteins in MGO-administered rats. The application of Ch-GNPs conjugated with IGFBP-3 as a coating of titanium implants enhanced osteogenesis and the osseointegration of dental implants. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that IGFBP-3 could be applied as a therapeutic component in dental implants to promote the osseointegration of dental implants in patients with diabetes, which affects MGO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shrestha Takanche
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Nepal
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sungil Jang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
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8
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Ryan G, Magony R, Gortler H, Godbout C, Schemitsch EH, Nauth A. Systemically impaired fracture healing in small animal research: A review of fracture repair models. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1359-1367. [PMID: 33580554 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a complex process requiring mechanical stability, an osteoconductive matrix, and osteoinductive and osteogenic biology. This intricate process is easily disrupted by various patient factors such as chronic disease and lifestyle. As the medical complexity and age of patients with fractures continue to increase, the importance of developing relevant experimental models is becoming paramount in preclinical research. The objective of this review is to describe the most common small animal models of systemically impaired fracture healing used in the orthopedic literature including osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and ageing. This review will provide orthopedic researchers with a summary of current models of systemically impaired fracture healing used in small animals and present an overview of the methods of induction for each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Ryan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Magony
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hilary Gortler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Godbout
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emil H Schemitsch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Nauth
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Mass spectrometric quantitation of AGEs and enzymatic crosslinks in human cancellous bone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18774. [PMID: 33139851 PMCID: PMC7606603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) deteriorate bone strength. Among over 40 species identified in vivo, AGEs other than pentosidine were roughly estimated as total fluorescent AGEs (tfAGEs) due to technical difficulties. Using LC-QqTOF-MS, we established a system that enabled the quantitation of five AGEs (CML, CEL, MG-H1, CMA and pentosidine) as well as two mature and three immature enzymatic crosslinks. Human bone samples were collected from 149 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Their clinical parameters were collected to investigate parameters that may be predictive of AGE accumulation. All the analytes were quantitated and showed significant linearity with high sensitivity and precision. The results showed that MG-H1 was the most abundant AGE, whereas pentosidine was 1/200–1/20-fold less abundant than the other four AGEs. The AGEs were significantly and strongly correlated with pentosidine, while showing moderate correlation with tfAGEs. Interestingly, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender contributed most to the accumulation of all the AGEs, followed by age, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and HbA1c. Furthermore, the AGEs were negatively correlated with immature crosslinks. Mass spectrometric quantitation of AGEs and enzymatic crosslinks is crucial to a better understanding of ageing- and disease-related deterioration of bone strength.
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10
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Jiang C, Xia W, Wu T, Pan C, Shan H, Wang F, Zhou Z, Yu X. Inhibition of microRNA-222 up-regulates TIMP3 to promotes osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from fracture rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:686-694. [PMID: 31691506 PMCID: PMC6933364 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common diabetes and has numerous complications. Recent studies demonstrated that T2DM compromises bone fracture healing in which miR-222 might be involved. Furthermore, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) that is the target of miR-222 accelerates fracture healing. Therefore, we assume that miR-222 could inhibit TIMP-3 expression. Eight-week-old rats were operated femoral fracture or sham, following the injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes one week later in fractured rats, and then, new generated tissues were collected for measuring the expression of miR-222 and TIMP-3. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated and treated with miR-222 mimic or inhibitor to analyse osteogenic differentiation. MiR-222 was increased in fractured rats and further induced in diabetic rats. In contrast, TIMP-3 was reduced in fractured and further down-regulated in diabetic rats. Luciferase report assay indicated miR-222 directly binds and mediated TIMP-3. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation was suppressed by miR-222 mimic and promoted by miR-222 inhibitor. miR-222 is a key regulator that is promoted in STZ-induced diabetic rats, and it binds to TIMP3 to reduce TIMP-3 expression and suppressed MSCs' differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyang Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Lee KM, Lee CY, Zhang G, Lyu A, Yue KKM. Methylglyoxal activates osteoclasts through JNK pathway leading to osteoporosis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:147-154. [PMID: 31103701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and its diverse complications. Hyperglycemia is associated with inflammatory responses in different organs, and diabetic patients have a higher risk of bone fracture due to increased bone weakness. Methylglyoxal, a reactive advanced glycation end product precursor, is known to have increased level in diabetic patients. The accumulation of methylglyoxal promotes inflammation and it may play a role in diabetes related osteoporosis. In this study, therefore, the underlying mechanism of methylglyoxal on osteoporosis was studied using both animal and cell models. In the animal model, rats were treated with either methylglyoxal or saline as control. In the cell model, the macrophage RAW264.7 was treated with methylglyoxal or vehicle control. Following the treatment, animal samples were harvested for micro-CT and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Cell samples were harvested for MTT assay, RT-PCR, and Western Blotting analyses. In both animals and cell cultures, methylglyoxal was shown to induce osteoclastogenesis by increased gene expression of osteoclast bone biomarkers CTSK, OSCAR and TRACP5. Furthermore, in methylglyoxal-treated macrophages activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinases signaling pathway was observed, and inhibition of JNK activities resulted in down-regulation of osteoclast biomarkers gene expressions. Our results therefore suggested that methylglyoxal may contribute to the progression of diabetes-related osteoporosis and imbalanced bone remodeling through JNK pathway in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Ming Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Yan Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Kin Man Yue
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Suh KS, Chon S, Jung WW, Choi EM. Effects of methylglyoxal on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:18-25. [PMID: 30217477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound produced by glycolytic processing, which has been identified as a precursor of advanced glycation end products. Elevated MG levels in patients with diabetes are believed to contribute to diabetic complications, including bone defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of MG on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in medium containing 50 ng/mL RANKL and different concentrations of MG. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and osteoclast bone resorbing activity were assessed and changes in intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glyoxalase I level were examined. In addition, real-time RT-PCR assay was used to analyse osteoclast-associated genes. MG markedly inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP activity. MG treatment resulted in a significant decrease in intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glyoxalase I level during osteoclastogenesis. In addition, MG increased the formation of mitochondrial superoxide. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed increased expression of the TRAF6, GAB2, ERK1, c-Fos, NFATc1, CLCN7, and OSTM1 genes, decreased expression of TCIRG and carbonic anhydrase II, and unchanged expression of cathepsin K and MMP-9 upon MG treatment. MG had no effect on the bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts. Our findings indicate that MG inhibits TRAP and glyoxalase I activity and impairs mitochondrial function in osteoclasts. Further validation of the underlying pathway is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Suh KS, Chon S, Choi EM. Cytoprotective effects of xanthohumol against methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:180-192. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
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