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Litwiniuk A, Kalisz M, Domańska A, Chmielowska M, Martyńska L, Baranowska-Bik A, Bik W. Nicotinic acid attenuates amyloid β 1-42-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105772. [PMID: 38789043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and behavioral disorders. The excessive accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) damage synaptic connections and the death of neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis of AD remain unclear. Growing evidence indicates that impaired mitochondrial function may play a crucial role in the development of AD. In the current study, we investigated whether nicotinic acid (NA) could protect against amyloid β1-42-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Our results revealed the neuroprotective effects of NA on the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with Aβ1-42. In detail, the 1-h pre-incubation with NA increased cell viability and lowered LDH levels. NA pre-incubation abolished Aβ1-42 treatment-associated alterations of mRNA levels of synaptic genes and enhanced the relative β3 Tubulin fluorescence intensity. NA eliminated the Aβ1-42-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the potential of mitochondrial membranes and maintaining a balance between the fusion and fission of mitochondria. Moreover, Aβ1-42 decreased mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic bcl2 and increased mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic: bim, bak, cytochrome c, and caspase 9. At the same time, the NA pre-treatment reduced Aβ1-42-dependent apoptotic death of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. The above data suggest that NA presents a protective activity against Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and restoring the proper function of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kalisz
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Domańska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmielowska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Martyńska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baranowska-Bik
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Cegłowska 80, 01-809, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Strope TA, Wilkins HM. The reciprocal relationship between amyloid precursor protein and mitochondrial function. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39022868 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP), secretase enzymes, and amyloid beta (Aβ) have been extensively studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite this, the function of these proteins and their metabolism is not understood. APP, secretase enzymes, and APP processing products (Aβ and C-terminal fragments) localize to endosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondrial/ER contact sites. Studies implicate significant relationships between APP, secretase enzyme function, APP metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological hallmark of AD and is intricately linked to proteostasis. Here, we review studies examining potential functions of APP, secretase enzymes, and APP metabolites in the context of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics. We discuss implications and limitations of studies and highlight knowledge gaps that remain in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Strope
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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3
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Hadi F, Mortaja M, Hadi Z. Calcium (Ca 2+) hemostasis, mitochondria, autophagy, and mitophagy contribute to Alzheimer's disease as early moderators. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4085. [PMID: 38951992 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
This review rigorously investigates the early cerebral changes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which manifest long before clinical symptoms arise. It presents evidence that the dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, along with mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant autophagic processes, may drive the disease's progression during its asymptomatic, preclinical stage. Understanding the intricate molecular interplay that unfolds during this critical period offers a window into identifying novel therapeutic targets, thereby advancing the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The review delves into both established and emerging insights into the molecular alterations precipitated by the disruption of Ca2+ balance, setting the stage for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hadi
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mahsa Mortaja
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zahra Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Metkar SK, Girigoswami A, Bondage DD, Shinde UG, Girigoswami K. The potential of lumbrokinase and serratiopeptidase for the degradation of Aβ 1-42 peptide - an in vitro and in silico approach. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:112-123. [PMID: 35694981 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2089137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is diagnosed with the deposition of insoluble β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the neuropil of the brain leading to dementia. The extracellular deposition of the fibrillar Aβ peptide on the neurons is known as senile plaques. Therefore, Aβ degradation and clearance from the human body is a promising therapeutic approach in the medication of AD. METHODS In the current study, the enzyme lumbrokinase (LK) was extracted and purified from earthworm and its activity was utilized toward Aβ 1-42 amyloids degradation in vitro alongside with an additional enzyme serratiopeptidase (SP) considering nattokinase (NK) as a standard. RESULTS The output of this study revealed that preformed Aβ 1-42 amyloids was disintegrated by both LK and SP, as demonstrated from fluorescence assay using Thioflavin T dye. In addition, dynamic light scattering study revealed the lower size of the preformed fibrils Aβ 1-42 at various time intervals after incubation with the enzymes LK and SP. Furthermore, in silico approach showed high affinity thermodynamically favorable interaction of LK as well as SP toward Aβ 1-42 amyloid. Finally, the toxicity of degraded preformed Aβ 1-42 amyloid was assessed by MTT assay which showed reduced toxicity of enzyme treated Aβ 1-42 amyloid compared to only Aβ 1-42 amyloid. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicated that LK and SP, not only had Aβ 1-42 amyloid degrading potential, but also could reduce the toxicity which can make them a suitable drug candidate for AD. Furthermore, the in vivo studies are needed to be executed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kisan Metkar
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Devanand D Bondage
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Umakant G Shinde
- Centre for Advanced Life Sciences (CFALS), Deogiri College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Chennai, India
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5
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Lee C, Friedman A. Generating PET scan patterns in Alzheimer's by a mathematical model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299637. [PMID: 38625863 PMCID: PMC11020767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The cause of the disease is unknown, and it has no cure. Symptoms include cognitive decline, memory loss, and impairment of daily functioning. The pathological hallmarks of the disease are aggregation of plaques of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins (τ), which can be detected in PET scans of the brain. The disease can remain asymptomatic for decades, while the densities of Aβ and τ continue to grow. Inflammation is considered an early event that drives the disease. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model that can produce simulated patterns of (Aβ,τ) seen in PET scans of AD patients. The model is based on the assumption that early inflammations, R and [Formula: see text], drive the growth of Aβ and τ, respectively. Recently approved drugs can slow the progression of AD in patients, provided treatment begins early, before significant damage to the brain has occurred. In line with current longitudinal studies, we used the model to demonstrate how to assess the efficacy of such drugs when given years before the disease becomes symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyoung Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Avner Friedman
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Reda SM, Setti SE, Berthiaume AA, Wu W, Taylor RW, Johnston JL, Stein LR, Moebius HJ, Church KJ. Fosgonimeton attenuates amyloid-beta toxicity in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00350. [PMID: 38599894 PMCID: PMC11067346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Positive modulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on its multimodal neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects addressing the complex pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Fosgonimeton is a small-molecule positive modulator of the HGF system that has demonstrated neurotrophic and pro-cognitive effects in preclinical models of dementia. Herein, we evaluate the neuroprotective potential of fosgonimeton, or its active metabolite, fosgo-AM, in amyloid-beta (Aβ)-driven preclinical models of AD, providing mechanistic insight into its mode of action. In primary rat cortical neurons challenged with Aβ (Aβ1-42), fosgo-AM treatment significantly improved neuronal survival, protected neurite networks, and reduced tau hyperphosphorylation. Interrogation of intracellular events indicated that cortical neurons treated with fosgo-AM exhibited a significant decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress and cytochrome c release. Following Aβ injury, fosgo-AM significantly enhanced activation of pro-survival effectors ERK and AKT, and reduced activity of GSK3β, one of the main kinases involved in tau hyperphosphorylation. Fosgo-AM also mitigated Aβ-induced deficits in Unc-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and Beclin-1, suggesting a potential effect on autophagy. Treatment with fosgo-AM protected cortical neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity, and such effects were abolished in the presence of an AKT or MEK/ERK inhibitor. In vivo, fosgonimeton administration led to functional improvement in an intracerebroventricular Aβ25-35 rat model of AD, as it significantly rescued cognitive function in the passive avoidance test. Together, our data demonstrate the ability of fosgonimeton to counteract mechanisms of Aβ-induced toxicity. Fosgonimeton is currently in clinical trials for mild-to-moderate AD (NCT04488419; NCT04886063).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Reda
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Sharay E Setti
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Jewel L Johnston
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Liana R Stein
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Hans J Moebius
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Kevin J Church
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA.
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7
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Lutfy RH, Essawy AE, Mohammed HS, Shakweer MM, Salam SA. Transcranial Irradiation Mitigates Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation Effect in an Age-Dependent Manner: Role of BDNF and GLP-1. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:919-934. [PMID: 38114728 PMCID: PMC10902205 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of aged sleep-deprived nations is turning into a pandemic state. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) accompanies aging, changing the hippocampal cellular pattern, neurogenesis pathway expression, and aggravating cognitive deterioration. The present study investigated the ability of Near Infra Red (NIR) light laser to ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by SD in young and senile rats. Wistar rats ≤ 2 months (young) and ≥ 14 months (senile) were sleep-deprived for 72 h with or without transcranial administration of NIR laser of 830 nm. Our results showed that NIR photobiomodulation (PBM) attenuated cognitive deterioration made by SD in young, but not senile rats, while both sleep-deprived young and senile rats exhibited decreased anxiety (mania)-like behavior in response to PBM. NIR PBM had an inhibitory effect on AChE, enhanced the production of ACh, attenuated ROS, and regulated cell apoptosis factors such as Bax and Bcl-2. NIR increased mRNA expression of BDNF and GLP-1 in senile rats, thus facilitating neuronal survival and differentiation. The present findings also revealed that age exerts an additive factor to the cellular assaults produced by SD where hippocampal damages made in 2-month rats were less severe than those of the aged one. In conclusion, NIR PBM seems to promote cellular longevity of senile hippocampal cells by combating ROS, elevating neurotrophic factors, thus improving cognitive performance. The present findings provide NIR as a possible candidate for hippocampal neuronal insults accompanying aging and SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa H Lutfy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Amina E Essawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Shakweer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherine Abdel Salam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
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8
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Balit T, Thonabulsombat C, Dharmasaroja P. Moringa oleifera leaf extract suppresses TIMM23 and NDUFS3 expression and alleviates oxidative stress induced by Aβ1-42 in neuronal cells via activation of Akt. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:105-120. [PMID: 39006971 PMCID: PMC11244708 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.394825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Oxidative stress plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract has been shown to have antioxidant activities. Here, we studied the antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of water-soluble MOL extract in an amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress model of AD. Experimental approach The effect of amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 and MOL extract on differentiated SH-SY5Y cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Cells were treated with Aβ1-42, MOL extract, or MOL extract followed by Aβ1-42. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by flow cytometry and dihydroethidium (DHE) assay, respectively. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of mitochondrial proteins TIMM23 and NDUFS3, apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 along with fluorescence analysis of caspase-3/7, and Akt phosphorylation. Findings/Results MOL extract pretreatment at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL prevented ΔΨm reduction. At 100-μg/mL, MOL extract decreased TIMM23 and NDUFS3 proteins and DHE signals in Aβ1-42-treated cells. MOL extract pretreatment (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) also alleviated the apoptosis indicators, including Bax, caspase-3/7 intensity, and cleaved caspase-3, and increased Bcl-2 levels in Aβ1-42-treated cells, consistent with a reduction in the number of apoptotic cells. The protective effects of MOL extract were possibly mediated through Akt activation, evidenced by increased Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion and implications The neuroprotective effect of MOL extract could be mediated via the activation of Akt, leading to the suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis in an Aβ1-42 model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatcha Balit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Permphan Dharmasaroja
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
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9
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Choo S, An M, Lim YH. Protective Effects of Heat-Killed Ruminococcus albus against β-Amyloid-Induced Apoptosis on SH-SY5Y Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:85-93. [PMID: 38044672 PMCID: PMC10840466 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
A high level of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) generates reactive oxygen species that induce neuronal death and DNA damage. The interaction between the gut microbiota and brain health has attracted attention in recent years. Heat-killed Ruminococcus albus (hkRA) reportedly protects neurons against damage induced by oxidative stress. However, whether hkRA can inhibit Aβ-induced apoptosis and thus alleviate AD remains unclear. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects of hkRA against Aβ-induced apoptosis on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell. HkRA treatment (108 cells/ml) significantly decreased the Aβ-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in the SH-SY5Y cells. It also showed a significant increase of the bax/bcl-2 ratio in the Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, hkRA treatment stimulated the expression of antioxidation-related genes HO-1, Nrf2, and PKC-δ and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Meanwhile, it significantly decreased the activity of caspase-3 and protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 in the Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, the protein levels of mitochondrial and cytosolic cytochrome c increased and decreased, respectively, in the cells. These results suggest that hkRA protects human neuroblastoma cells from Aβ-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Thus, hkRA may be developed into a health-promoting paraprobiotic (the inactivated microbial cells of probiotics) for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmoon Choo
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae An
- Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
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10
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Li Y, Ni N, Lee M, Wei W, Andrikopoulos N, Kakinen A, Davis TP, Song Y, Ding F, Leong DT, Ke PC. Endothelial leakiness elicited by amyloid protein aggregation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:613. [PMID: 38242873 PMCID: PMC10798980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia debilitating the global ageing population. Current understanding of the AD pathophysiology implicates the aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) as causative to neurodegeneration, with tauopathies, apolipoprotein E and neuroinflammation considered as other major culprits. Curiously, vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction is strongly associated with Aβ deposition and 80-90% AD subjects also experience cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Here we show amyloid protein-induced endothelial leakiness (APEL) in human microvascular endothelial monolayers as well as in mouse cerebral vasculature. Using signaling pathway assays and discrete molecular dynamics, we revealed that the angiopathy first arose from a disruption to vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin junctions exposed to the nanoparticulates of Aβ oligomers and seeds, preceding the earlier implicated proinflammatory and pro-oxidative stressors to endothelial leakiness. These findings were analogous to nanomaterials-induced endothelial leakiness (NanoEL), a major phenomenon in nanomedicine depicting the paracellular transport of anionic inorganic nanoparticles in the vasculature. As APEL also occurred in vitro with the oligomers and seeds of alpha synuclein, this study proposes a paradigm for elucidating the vascular permeation, systemic spread, and cross-seeding of amyloid proteins that underlie the pathogeneses of AD and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Nengyi Ni
- National University of Singapore, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Myeongsang Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Nicholas Andrikopoulos
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The Nanomedicine Center, The Great Bay Area National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Aleksandr Kakinen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - David Tai Leong
- National University of Singapore, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- The Nanomedicine Center, The Great Bay Area National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
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11
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Martin SP, Leeman-Markowski BA. Proposed mechanisms of tau: relationships to traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1287545. [PMID: 38249745 PMCID: PMC10797726 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1287545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and epilepsy share proposed mechanisms of injury, including neuronal excitotoxicity, cascade signaling, and activation of protein biomarkers such as tau. Although tau is typically present intracellularly, in tauopathies, phosphorylated (p-) and hyper-phosphorylated (hp-) tau are released extracellularly, the latter leading to decreased neuronal stability and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Tau cleavage at particular sites increases susceptibility to hyper-phosphorylation, NFT formation, and eventual cell death. The relationship between tau and inflammation, however, is unknown. In this review, we present evidence for an imbalanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and inflammatory signaling pathways resulting in atypical p-tau, hp-tau and NFT formation. Further, we propose tau as a biomarker for neuronal injury severity in TBI, AD, and epilepsy. We present a hypothesis of tau phosphorylation as an initial acute neuroprotective response to seizures/TBI. However, if the underlying seizure pathology or TBI recurrence is not effectively treated, and the pathway becomes chronically activated, we propose a "tipping point" hypothesis that identifies a transition of tau phosphorylation from neuroprotective to injurious. We outline the role of amyloid beta (Aβ) as a "last ditch effort" to revert the cell to programmed death signaling, that, when fails, transitions the mechanism from injurious to neurodegenerative. Lastly, we discuss targets along these pathways for therapeutic intervention in AD, TBI, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha P. Martin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beth A. Leeman-Markowski
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Ju IG, Lee S, Kim SH, Im H, Eo H, Oh MS. Trichosanthis Semen Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Alzheimer's Disease Models by Inhibiting Amyloid-β Accumulation and Regulating the Akt and ERK Signaling Pathways. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:119-131. [PMID: 38363611 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by memory loss and the abnormal accumulation of senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein. Trichosanthis Semen (TS) is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat phlegm-related conditions. While TS is recognized for various bioactivities, including anti-neuroinflammatory effects, its ability to attenuate AD remains unknown. Objective To evaluate the effects of TS extract (TSE) on neuronal damage, Aβ accumulation, and neuroinflammation in AD models. Methods Thioflavin T and western blot assays were used to assess effects on Aβ aggregation in vitro. TS was treated to PC12 cells with Aβ to assess the neuroprotective effects. Memory functions and histological brain features were investigated in TSE-treated 5×FAD transgenic mice and mice with intracerebroventricularly injected Aβ. Results TSE disrupted Aβ aggregation and increased the viability of cells and phosphorylation of both protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in vitro. TSE treatment also suppressed the accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brain of 5×FAD mice, protected neuronal cells in both the subiculum and medial septum, and upregulated Akt/ERK phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Moreover, TSE ameliorated the memory decline and glial overactivation observed in 5×FAD mice. As assessing whether TS affect Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in the Aβ-injected mice, the effects of TS on memory improvement and neuroinflammatory inhibition were confirmed. Conclusions TSE disrupted Aβ aggregation, protected neurons against Aβ-induced toxicity, and suppressed neuroinflammation, suggesting that it can suppress the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Im
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Liu G, Yu Q, Zhu H, Tan B, Yu H, Li X, Lu Y, Li H. Amyloid-β mediates intestinal dysfunction and enteric neurons loss in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:351. [PMID: 37930455 PMCID: PMC11072809 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is traditionally considered as a brain disorder featured by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. The current study on whether pathological changes of AD extend to the enteric nervous system (ENS) is still in its infancy. In this study, we found enteric Aβ deposition, intestinal dysfunction, and colonic inflammation in the young APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, these mice exhibited cholinergic and nitrergic signaling pathways damages and enteric neuronal loss. Our data show that Aβ42 treatment remarkably affected the gene expression of cultured myenteric neurons and the spontaneous contraction of intestinal smooth muscles. The intra-colon administration of Aβ42 induced ENS dysfunction, brain gliosis, and β-amyloidosis-like changes in the wild-type mice. Our results suggest that ENS mirrors the neuropathology observed in AD brains, and intestinal pathological changes may represent the prodromal events, which contribute to brain pathology in AD. In summary, our findings provide new opportunities for AD early diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- Medical College, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Houze Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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14
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Subbaiah S P V, Uttamrao PP, Das U, Sundaresan S, Rathinavelan T. Concentration and time-dependent amyloidogenic characteristics of intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Stm1. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1206945. [PMID: 37928673 PMCID: PMC10620681 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1206945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Stm1 protein is a ribosomal association factor, which plays an important role in preserving ribosomes in a nutrition-deprived environment. It is also shown to take part in apoptosis-like cell death. Stm1 N-terminal region (Stm1_N1-113) is shown to recognize purine motif DNA triplex and G-quadruplex. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of Stm1_N1-113 (enriched in positively-charged Lysine and Arginine; negatively-charged Aspartate; polar-uncharged Threonine, Asparagine, Proline and Serine; hydrophobic Alanine, Valine, and Glycine) collected after 0 and 24 h indicate that the protein assumes beta-sheet conformation at the higher concentrations in contrast to intrinsically disordered conformation seen for its monomeric form found in the crystal structure. Thioflavin-T kinetics experiments indicate that the lag phase is influenced by the salt concentration. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images collected for a variety of Stm1_N1-113 concentrations (in the range of 1-400 μM) in the presence of 150 mM NaCl at 0, 24, and 48 h indicate a threshold concentration requirement to observe the time-dependent amyloid formation. This is prominent seen at the physiological salt concentration of 150 mM NaCl with the fibrillation observed for 400 μM concentration at 48 h, whereas oligomerization or proto-fibrillation is seen for the other concentrations. Such concentration-dependent fibrillation of Stm1_N1-113 explains that amyloid fibrils formed during the overexpression of Stm1_N1-113 may act as a molecular device to trigger apoptosis-like cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Subbaiah S P
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Patil Pranita Uttamrao
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Uttam Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sruthi Sundaresan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
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15
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Sha J, Bao J, Liu K, Yang S, Wen Z, Wen J, Cui Y, Tong B, Moore JH, Saykin AJ, Davatzikos C, Long Q, Shen L. Preference matrix guided sparse canonical correlation analysis for mining brain imaging genetic associations in Alzheimer's disease. Methods 2023; 218:27-38. [PMID: 37507059 PMCID: PMC10528049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic traits is a key issue in quantitative genetics. Specifically for Alzheimer's disease, the association between genetic markers and quantitative traits remains vague while, once identified, will provide valuable guidance for the study and development of genetics-based treatment approaches. Currently, to analyze the association of two modalities, sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) is commonly used to compute one sparse linear combination of the variable features for each modality, giving a pair of linear combination vectors in total that maximizes the cross-correlation between the analyzed modalities. One drawback of the plain SCCA model is that the existing findings and knowledge cannot be integrated into the model as priors to help extract interesting correlations as well as identify biologically meaningful genetic and phenotypic markers. To bridge this gap, we introduce preference matrix guided SCCA (PM-SCCA) that not only takes priors encoded as a preference matrix but also maintains computational simplicity. A simulation study and a real-data experiment are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the model. Both experiments demonstrate that the proposed PM-SCCA model can capture not only genotype-phenotype correlation but also relevant features effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahang Sha
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Jingxuan Bao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Kefei Liu
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Zixuan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Junhao Wen
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Yuhan Cui
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Boning Tong
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, 550 N. University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Qi Long
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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16
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Danziger R, Fuchs DT, Koronyo Y, Rentsendorj A, Sheyn J, Hayden EY, Teplow DB, Black KL, Fuchs S, Bernstein KE, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. The effects of enhancing angiotensin converting enzyme in myelomonocytes on ameliorating Alzheimer's-related disease and preserving cognition. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1179315. [PMID: 37427403 PMCID: PMC10326285 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1179315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its potential therapeutic value. ACE is known to degrade the neurotoxic 42-residue long alloform of amyloid β-protein (Aβ42), a peptide strongly associated with AD. Previous studies in mice, demonstrated that targeted overexpression of ACE in CD115+ myelomonocytic cells (ACE10 models) improved their immune responses to effectively reduce viral and bacterial infection, tumor growth, and atherosclerotic plaque. We further demonstrated that introducing ACE10 myelomonocytes (microglia and peripheral monocytes) into the double transgenic APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 murine model of AD (AD+ mice), diminished neuropathology and enhanced the cognitive functions. These beneficial effects were dependent on ACE catalytic activity and vanished when ACE was pharmacologically blocked. Moreover, we revealed that the therapeutic effects in AD+ mice can be achieved by enhancing ACE expression in bone marrow (BM)-derived CD115+ monocytes alone, without targeting central nervous system (CNS) resident microglia. Following blood enrichment with CD115+ ACE10-monocytes versus wild-type (WT) monocytes, AD+ mice had reduced cerebral vascular and parenchymal Aβ burden, limited microgliosis and astrogliosis, as well as improved synaptic and cognitive preservation. CD115+ ACE10-versus WT-monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo/MΦ) were recruited in higher numbers to the brains of AD+ mice, homing to Aβ plaque lesions and exhibiting a highly Aβ-phagocytic and anti-inflammatory phenotype (reduced TNFα/iNOS and increased MMP-9/IGF-1). Moreover, BM-derived ACE10-Mo/MΦ cultures had enhanced capability to phagocytose Aβ42 fibrils, prion-rod-like, and soluble oligomeric forms that was associated with elongated cell morphology and expression of surface scavenger receptors (i.e., CD36, Scara-1). This review explores the emerging evidence behind the role of ACE in AD, the neuroprotective properties of monocytes overexpressing ACE and the therapeutic potential for exploiting this natural mechanism for ameliorating AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Danziger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric Y. Hayden
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David B. Teplow
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sebastien Fuchs
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Whitfield JF, Rennie K, Chakravarthy B. Alzheimer's Disease and Its Possible Evolutionary Origin: Hypothesis. Cells 2023; 12:1618. [PMID: 37371088 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous, 2-3-million-year evolutionary expansion of hominin neocortices to the current enormity enabled humans to take over the planet. However, there appears to have been a glitch, and it occurred without a compensatory expansion of the entorhinal cortical (EC) gateway to the hippocampal memory-encoding system needed to manage the processing of the increasing volume of neocortical data converging on it. The resulting age-dependent connectopathic glitch was unnoticed by the early short-lived populations. It has now surfaced as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in today's long-lived populations. With advancing age, processing of the converging neocortical data by the neurons of the relatively small lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) inflicts persistent strain and high energy costs on these cells. This may result in their hyper-release of harmless Aβ1-42 monomers into the interstitial fluid, where they seed the formation of toxic amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) that initiate AD. At the core of connectopathic AD are the postsynaptic cellular prion protein (PrPC). Electrostatic binding of the negatively charged AβOs to the positively charged N-terminus of PrPC induces hyperphosphorylation of tau that destroys synapses. The spread of these accumulating AβOs from ground zero is supported by Aβ's own production mediated by target cells' Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs). These data suggest that an early administration of a strongly positively charged, AβOs-interacting peptide or protein, plus an inhibitor of CaSR, might be an effective AD-arresting therapeutic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Whitfield
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kerry Rennie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Balu Chakravarthy
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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18
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Sullivan M, Fernandez-Aranda F, Camacho-Barcia L, Harkin A, Macrì S, Mora-Maltas B, Jiménez-Murcia S, O'Leary A, Ottomana AM, Presta M, Slattery D, Scholtz S, Glennon JC. Insulin and Disorders of Behavioural Flexibility. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105169. [PMID: 37059405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural inflexibility is a symptom of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease, encompassing the maintenance of a behaviour even when no longer appropriate. Recent evidence suggests that insulin signalling has roles apart from its regulation of peripheral metabolism and mediates behaviourally-relevant central nervous system (CNS) functions including behavioural flexibility. Indeed, insulin resistance is reported to generate anxious, perseverative phenotypes in animal models, with the Type 2 diabetes medication metformin proving to be beneficial for disorders including Alzheimer's Disease. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies of Type 2 diabetes patients have highlighted aberrant connectivity in regions governing salience detection, attention, inhibition and memory. As currently available therapeutic strategies feature high rates of resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand the complex aetiology of behaviour and develop improved therapeutics. In this review, we explore the circuitry underlying behavioural flexibility, changes in Type 2 diabetes, the role of insulin in CNS outcomes and mechanisms of insulin involvement across disorders of behavioural inflexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairéad Sullivan
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Harkin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simone Macrì
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aet O'Leary
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Angela Maria Ottomana
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; Neuroscience Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Presta
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Wang C, Zou Q, Pu Y, Cai Z, Tang Y. Berberine Rescues D-Ribose-Induced Alzheimer's Pathology via Promoting Mitophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065896. [PMID: 36982968 PMCID: PMC10055824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered an early event of Alzheimer disease (AD). D-ribose is a natural monosaccharide that exists in cells, especially in mitochondria, and can lead to cognitive dysfunction. However, the reason for this is unclear. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that can target mitochondria and has great prospect in the treatment of AD. The methylation of PINK1 reinforces the burden of Alzheimer's pathology. This study explores the role of BBR and D-ribose in the mitophagy and cognitive function of AD related to DNA methylation. APP/PS1 mice and N2a cells were treated with D-ribose, BBR, and mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1 to observe their effects on mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy, neuron histology, AD pathology, animal behavior, and PINK1 methylation. The results showed that D-ribose induced mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy damage, and cognitive impairment. However, BBR inhibition of PINK1 promoter methylation can reverse the above effects caused by D-ribose, improve mitochondrial function, and restore mitophagy through the PINK1-Parkin pathway, thus reducing cognitive deficits and the burden of AD pathology. This experiment puts a new light on the mechanism of action of D-ribose in cognitive impairment and reveals new insights in the use of BBR for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanling Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, No. 118 Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, No. 118 Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, No. 118 Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, No. 118 Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, No. 118 Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, No. 118 Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
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20
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Braun MM, Puglielli L. Defective PTEN-induced kinase 1/Parkin mediated mitophagy and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1031153. [PMID: 36339819 PMCID: PMC9630469 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1031153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective degradation of mitochondria through mitophagy is a crucial process for maintaining mitochondrial function and cellular health. Mitophagy is a specialized form of selective autophagy that uses unique machinery to recognize and target damaged mitochondria for mitophagosome- and lysosome-dependent degradation. This process is particularly important in cells with high metabolic activity like neurons, and the accumulation of defective mitochondria is a common feature among neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we describe essential steps involved in the induction and progression of mitophagy, and then highlight the various mechanisms that specifically contribute to defective mitophagy in highly prevalent neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Braun
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, United States
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21
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Gomes FDC, Santos IBF, Stephani CM, Ferrari MDFR, Galvis-Alonso OY, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Melo-Neto JSD, Pavarino ÉC. Vitamin D3 supplementation may attenuate morphological and molecular abnormalities of the olfactory bulb in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Mehkri Y, McDonald B, Sriram S, Reddy R, Kounelis-Wuillaume S, Roberts JA, Lucke-Wold B. Recent Treatment Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND CLINICAL REVIEWS 2022; 7:128. [PMID: 36743825 PMCID: PMC9897211 DOI: 10.31579/2692-9406/128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrauma has been well linked to the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Much work has been done characterizing chronic traumatic encephalopathy, but less has been done regarding the contribution to Alzheimer's Disease. This review focuses on AD and its association with neurotrauma. Emerging clinical trials are discussed as well as novel mechanisms. We then address how some of these mechanisms are shared with CTE and emerging pre-clinical studies. This paper is a user-friendly resource that summarizes the emerging findings and proposes further investigation into key areas of interest. It is intended to serve as a catalyst for both research teams and clinicians in the quest to improve effective treatment and diagnostic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Mehkri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | - Sai Sriram
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ramya Reddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Wang L, Yang Z, He X, Pu S, Yang C, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Cen X, Zhao H. Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974480. [PMID: 36157077 PMCID: PMC9489860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or combinations of both, can result in mitochondrial protein deficiencies and mitochondrial malfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control by proteins involved in various surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal integrity and viability. Abnormal proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, import machinery, ion channels, and mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. The goal of this review is to give an overview of these pathways and to summarize the interconnections between mitochondrial protein dysfunction and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiumei He
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Strope TA, Birky CJ, Wilkins HM. The Role of Bioenergetics in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9212. [PMID: 36012480 PMCID: PMC9409169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetic and mitochondrial dysfunction are common hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Decades of research describe how genetic and environmental factors initiate changes in mitochondria and bioenergetics across Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mitochondria control many cellular processes, including proteostasis, inflammation, and cell survival/death. These cellular processes and pathologies are common across neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence suggests that mitochondria and bioenergetic disruption may drive pathological changes, placing mitochondria as an upstream causative factor in neurodegenerative disease onset and progression. Here, we discuss evidence of mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and address how mitochondria can drive common pathological features of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Strope
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Cole J. Birky
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA
| | - Heather M. Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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25
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The role of amyloid β in the pathological mechanism of GNE myopathy. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6309-6321. [PMID: 35904705 PMCID: PMC9616754 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is a hereditary muscle disorder characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness initially involving the lower distal extremities. The treatment of GNE myopathy mainly focuses on a sialic acid deficiency caused by a mutation in the GNE gene, but it has not achieved the expected effect. The main pathological features of GNE myopathy are myofiber atrophy and rimmed vacuoles, including accumulation of amyloid β, which is mainly found in atrophic muscle fibers. Although the role of amyloid β and other misfolded proteins on the nervous system has been widely recognized, the cause and process of the formation of amyloid β in the pathological process of GNE myopathy are unclear. In addition, amyloid β has been reported to be linked to quality control mechanisms of proteins, such as molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin–proteasome system, and the autophagy-lysosome system. Herein, we summarize the possible reasons for amyloid β deposition and illustrate amyloid β-mediated events in the cells and their role in muscle atrophy in GNE myopathy. This review represents an overview of amyloid β and GNE myopathy that could help identify a potential mechanism and thereby a plausible therapeutic for the disease.
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26
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Jayaraman M, Dutta P, Krishnan S, Arora K, Sivakumar D, Raghavendran HRB. Emerging Promise of Phytochemicals in Ameliorating Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-124961. [PMID: 35786341 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220701153926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of medicine and synthetic drug development have advanced rapidly over the past few decades. However, research on alternative medicine such as phytochemicals cannot be ignored. The main reason for prominent curiosity about phytochemicals stems from the belief that usage of natural compounds is safer and has lesser detrimental side effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review was to discuss in detail with several phytochemicals that have been studied or are being studied in the context of various neurological disorders including depression, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and even neuroinflammatory disorders such as encephalitis. METHODS The potential role of phytochemicals in the treatment or management of symptoms associated with neurological disorders have been included in this article. All data included in this paper has been pooled from various databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer and Wiley Online Library. RESULTS Phytochemicals have been widely studied for their therapeutic properties associated with neurological disorders. Using various experimental techniques for both in vivo and in vitro experiments, studies have shown that phytochemicals do have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities which play major roles in the treatment of neurological diseases. CONCLUSION Even though there has been compelling evidence of the therapeutic role of phytochemicals, further research is still required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these medicines. Using previously published papers as foundation for additional research such as preclinical studies and clinical trials, phytochemicals can become a safer alternative to synthetic drugs for treating a spectrum of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megala Jayaraman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parijat Dutta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabari Krishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Khyati Arora
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Diveyaa Sivakumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Dental Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hanumanth Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Central Research Facility, Porur, Chennai-600116, India
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27
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The Combination of Salidroside and Hedysari Radix Polysaccharide Inhibits Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis via the PKC/ERK Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9475703. [PMID: 35795284 PMCID: PMC9252633 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9475703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a widely recognized pathological marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Salidroside and Hedysari Radix polysaccharide (HRP) were extracted from Chinese herb medicine Rhodiola rosea L and Hedysarum polybotrys Hand-Mazz, respectively. The neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of the combination of salidroside and Hedysari Radix polysaccharide (CSH) against Aβ25–35 induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. Objective. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects and pharmacological mechanisms of CSH on Aβ25–35-induced HT22 cells. Materials and Methods. HT22 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of salidroside or HRP for 24 h, followed by exposed to 20 μm Aβ25–35 in the presence of salidroside or RHP for another 24 h. In a CSH protective assay, HT22 cells were pretreated with 40 μm salidroside and 20 μg/mL HRP for 24 h. The cell viability assay, cell morphology observation, determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell apoptosis rate were performed. The mRNA expression of protein kinase C-beta (PKCβ), Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, Cyt-C, PKCβ, phospho-ERK1/2, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured by Western blot. Results. CSH treatment increased cell viability, MMP, and decreased ROS generation in Aβ25–35-induced HT22 cells. PKCβ and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were elevated by CSH while Bax was decreased. CSH increased the protein expression levels of PKCβ, Bcl-2, and phospho-ERK1/2, and decreased those of Bax, Cyt-C, and cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions. CSH treatment have protective effects against Aβ25–35-induced cytotoxicity through decreasing ROS levels, increasing MMP, inhibiting early apoptosis, and regulating PKC/ERK pathway in HT22 cells. CSH may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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28
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de la Cueva M, Antequera D, Ordoñez-Gutierrez L, Wandosell F, Camins A, Carro E, Bartolome F. Amyloid-β impairs mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in Alzheimer's disease experimental models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10092. [PMID: 35710783 PMCID: PMC9203760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most accepted hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid cascade which establishes that Aβ accumulation may induce the disease development. This accumulation may occur years before the clinical symptoms but it has not been elucidated if this accumulation is the cause or the consequence of AD. It is however, clear that Aβ accumulation exerts toxic effects in the cerebral cells. It is important then to investigate all possible associated events that may help to design new therapeutic strategies to defeat or ameliorate the symptoms in AD. Alterations in the mitochondrial physiology have been found in AD but it is not still clear if they could be an early event in the disease progression associated to amyloidosis or other conditions. Using APP/PS1 mice, our results support published evidence and show imbalances in the mitochondrial dynamics in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of these mice representing very early events in the disease progression. We demonstrate in cellular models that these imbalances are consequence of Aβ accumulation that ultimately induce increased mitophagy, a mechanism which selectively removes damaged mitochondria by autophagy. Along with increased mitophagy, we also found that Aβ independently increases autophagy in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction could be an early feature in AD, associated with amyloid overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena de la Cueva
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Desiree Antequera
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camins
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Bartolome
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Yan L, Jin Y, Pan J, He X, Zhong S, Zhang R, Choi L, Su W, Chen J. 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin Alleviates Synaptic Loss by Activated PI3K-Akt-CREB-BDNF Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7130-7138. [PMID: 35657168 PMCID: PMC9204815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is clinically characterized by the impairment of memory and cognition. Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain is considered as a key process in the development of AD because it impairs the synapses' function to impair memory formation. Recent research studies have indicated that a group of edible plant-derived Thymelaeaceae compounds known as coumarin may exert particularly powerful actions on alleviating learning and memory impairment. 7,8-Dithydroxycoumarin (7,8-DHC), a bioactive component of coumarin derived from Thymelaeaceae, showed its function in neuroprotection before. In this study, we found that 7,8-DHC was able to mitigate Aβ accumulation via reducing the level of BACE1 and increasing the level of ADAM17 and ADAM10. More importantly, we found that 7,8-DHC could mitigate memory impairment, promote the dendrite branch density, and increase synaptic protein expression via activating PI3K-Akt-CREB-BDNF signaling. Hence, these results suggested that 7,8-DHC represented a novel bioactive therapeutic agent in mitigating Aβ deposition and synaptic loss in the process of treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Formula-Pattern
Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yufan Jin
- Guangdong
Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy
Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junping Pan
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiang He
- Guangdong
Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy
Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shiqian Zhong
- International
School, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rongcai Zhang
- International
School, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - LokLam Choi
- International
School, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong
Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy
Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-Pattern
Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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30
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Khonsari F, Heydari M, Sharifzadeh M, Valizadeh H, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Transferrin decorated-nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are a promising delivery system for rapamycin in Alzheimer's disease: An in vivo study. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212827. [PMID: 35929260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway could regulate learning and memory. The effect of rapamycin (Rapa) on mTOR activity could slow or prevent the progression of AD by affecting various essential cellular processes. Previously, we prepared transferrin (Tf) decorated-nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for rapamycin (150 ± 9 nm) to protect the drug from chemical and enzymatic degradation and for brain targeted delivery of rapamycin. Herein, the effect of Tf-NLCs compared to untargeted anionic-NLCs and free rapamycin, were studied in amyloid beta (Aβ) induced rat model of AD. Behavioral test revealed that the Rapa Tf-NLCs were able to significantly improve the impaired spatial memory induced by Aβ. Histopathological studies of hippocampus also showed neural survival in Rapa Tf-NLCs treated group. The immunosuppressive, and delayed wound healing adverse effects in the rapamycin solution treated group were abolished by incorporating the drug into NLCs. The Aβ induced oxidative stress was also reduced by Rapa Tf-NLCs. Molecular studies on the level of Aβ, autophagy (LC3) and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers, and mTOR activity revealed that the Rapa Tf-NLCs decreased the Aβ level and suppressed the toxic effects of Aβ plaques by modulating the mTOR activity and autophagy, and decreasing the apoptosis level. As a conclusion, the designed Tf-NLCs could be an appropriate and a safe brain delivery system for rapamycin and make this drug more efficient in AD for improving memory and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khonsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Heydari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, De Mont Fort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Liu X, Song L, Yu J, Huang F, Li Y, Ma C. Mdivi-1: a promising drug and its underlying mechanisms in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:505-512. [PMID: 35199329 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy-producing organelles, and neurons are high energy consumption cells. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor in neurodegenerative processes. Mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) is a small chemical inhibitor of mitochondrial division dynamin, which plays multiple roles in mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial autophagy, ATP production, the immune response, and Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Mdivi-1 inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission exerted cytoprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Mdivi-1 changed the mRNA expression of the electron transport chain (ETC) and reduced Ca²⁺ overload against neuronal injury. Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of Mdivi-1 in neurodegenerative diseases will help evaluate its therapeutic potential and promote its application in clinical studies. The present article focused on the multiple effects of Mdivi-1 on mitochondrial function and its potential therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiezhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth People's Hospital, Datong, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China.
| | - Cungen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China.
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32
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New Evidence on a Distinction between Aβ40 and Aβ42 Amyloids: Thioflavin T Binding Modes, Clustering Tendency, Degradation Resistance, and Cross-Seeding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105513. [PMID: 35628325 PMCID: PMC9141448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative abundance of two main Abeta-peptide types with different lengths, Aβ40 and Aβ42, determines the severity of the Alzheimer’s disease progression. However, the factors responsible for different behavior patterns of these peptides in the amyloidogenesis process remain unknown. In this comprehensive study, new evidence on Aβ40 and Aβ42 amyloid polymorphism was obtained using a wide range of experimental approaches, including custom-designed approaches. We have for the first time determined the number of modes of thioflavin T (ThT) binding to Aβ40 and Aβ42 fibrils and their binding parameters using a specially developed approach based on the use of equilibrium microdialysis, which makes it possible to distinguish between the concentration of the injected dye and the concentration of dye bound to fibrils. The binding sites of one of these modes located at the junction of adjacent fibrillar filaments were predicted by molecular modeling techniques. We assumed that the sites of the additional mode of ThT-Aβ42 amyloid binding observed experimentally (which are not found in the case of Aβ40 fibrils) are localized in amyloid clots, and the number of these sites could be used for estimation of the level of fiber clustering. We have shown the high tendency of Aβ42 fibers to form large clots compared to Aβ40 fibrils. It is probable that this largely determines the high resistance of Aβ42 amyloids to destabilizing effects (denaturants, ionic detergents, ultrasonication) and their explicit cytotoxic effect, which we have shown. Remarkably, cross-seeding of Aβ40 fibrillogenesis using the preformed Aβ42 fibrils changes the morphology and increases the stability and cytotoxicity of Aβ40 fibrils. The differences in the tendency to cluster and resistance to external factors of Aβ40 and Aβ42 fibrils revealed here may be related to the distinct role they play in the deposition of amyloids and, therefore, differences in pathogenicity in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Burtscher J, Romani M, Bernardo G, Popa T, Ziviani E, Hummel FC, Sorrentino V, Millet GP. Boosting mitochondrial health to counteract neurodegeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 215:102289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Reiss AB, Ahmed S, Dayaramani C, Glass AD, Gomolin IH, Pinkhasov A, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A potential pathway to treatment. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gates EJ, Bernath AK, Klegeris A. Modifying the diet and gut microbiota to prevent and manage neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:767-787. [PMID: 35304983 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is steadily increasing due to the aging population. The lack of effective drugs against these neurodegenerative disorders makes it imperative to identify new strategies for their prevention and treatment. Recent studies have revealed that harnessing the power of the gut microbiota through modification of diet may be a valuable approach for reducing the risk, modulating the symptoms, and ameliorating the pathophysiological aspects of neurodegenerative diseases. Consuming specific dietary components can alter the prevalence of bacterial communities within the gut to a healthy enterotype, which can influence the production of beneficial metabolites by microbiota. This article focuses on several dietary components, which have been demonstrated to affect the gut microbiota-brain axis and therefore could lead to attenuation of specific pathological processes in neurodegenerative diseases. Published evidence indicates that fermented foods, including kefir, and foods that are high in bioactive polyphenols and complex carbohydrates, such as grapes, pomegranates, and seaweed, may be effective at reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and neuronal death associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Even though experimental evidence supporting the protective properties of the above dietary components in these diseases is emerging, it is evident that further human clinical studies are required to conclusively establish the benefits of any suggested dietary interventions. The translational potential of such research is illustrated by the clinical success of the recently developed Alzheimer's drug, GV-971, which is a seaweed derivative that works by modulating the gut microbiota-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Gates
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Anna K Bernath
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
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Qiu R, Sasselli IR, Álvarez Z, Sai H, Ji W, Palmer LC, Stupp SI. Supramolecular Copolymers of Peptides and Lipidated Peptides and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5562-5574. [PMID: 35296133 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular peptide chemistry offers a versatile strategy to create chemical systems useful as new biomaterials with potential to deliver nearly 1000 known candidate peptide therapeutics or integrate other types of bioactivity. We report here on the co-assembly of lipidated β-sheet-forming peptides with soluble short peptides, yielding supramolecular copolymers with various degrees of internal order. At low peptide concentrations, the co-monomer is protected by lodging within internal aqueous compartments and stabilizing internal β-sheets formed by the lipidated peptides. At higher concentrations, the peptide copolymerizes with the lipidated peptide and disrupts the β-sheet secondary structure. The thermodynamic metastability of the co-assembly in turn leads to the spontaneous release of peptide monomers and thus serves as a potential mechanism for drug delivery. We demonstrated the function of these supramolecular systems using a drug candidate for Alzheimer's disease and found that the copolymers enhance neuronal cell viability when the soluble peptide is released from the assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomeng Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ivan R Sasselli
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Zaida Álvarez
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei Ji
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Trauma-like exposure alters neuronal apoptosis, Bin1, Fkbp5 and NR2B expression in an amyloid-beta (1-42) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 190:107611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bandaru LJM, Ayyalasomayajula N, Murumulla L, Challa S. Mechanisms associated with the dysregulation of mitochondrial function due to lead exposure and possible implications on the development of Alzheimer's disease. Biometals 2022; 35:1-25. [PMID: 35048237 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a multimedia contaminant with various pathophysiological consequences, including cognitive decline and neural abnormalities. Recent findings have reported an association of Pb toxicity with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathological characteristic of AD. According to toxicology reports, Pb promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress by lowering complex III activity in the electron transport chain, boosting reactive oxygen species formation, and reducing the cell's antioxidant defence system. Here, we review recent advances in the role of mitochondria in Pb-induced AD pathology, as well as the mechanisms associated with the mitochondrial dysfunction, such as the depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening; mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics alterations; and mitophagy and apoptosis. We also discuss possible therapeutic options for mitochondrial-targeted neurodegenerative disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Jaya Madhuri Bandaru
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Neelima Ayyalasomayajula
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Lokesh Murumulla
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Suresh Challa
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
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Guan PP, Cao LL, Yang Y, Wang P. Calcium Ions Aggravate Alzheimer's Disease Through the Aberrant Activation of Neuronal Networks, Leading to Synaptic and Cognitive Deficits. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:757515. [PMID: 34924952 PMCID: PMC8674839 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.757515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the production and deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, leading to the formation of β-amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although calcium ions (Ca2+) promote the formation of APs and NFTs, no systematic review of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the development and progression of AD has been published. Therefore, the current review aimed to fill the gaps between elevated Ca2+ levels and the pathogenesis of AD. Specifically, we mainly focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the neuronal networks of neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, neurogenesis, neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, and autophagy. Furthermore, the roles of Ca2+ transporters located in the cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosome in mediating the effects of Ca2+ on activating neuronal networks that ultimately contribute to the development and progression of AD are discussed. Finally, the drug candidates derived from herbs used as food or seasoning in Chinese daily life are summarized to provide a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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40
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Disentangling Mitochondria in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111520. [PMID: 34768950 PMCID: PMC8583788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia in older adults and is fast becoming a major societal and economic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. Age seems to be the major factor driving AD, and currently, only symptomatic treatments are available. AD has a complex etiology, although mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities have been widely and deeply investigated as plausible mechanisms for its neuropathology. Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, along with cognitive deficits and behavioral problems, are the hallmarks of the disease. Restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics, prevention of oxidative stress, and diet and exercise seem to be effective in reducing Aβ and in ameliorating learning and memory problems. Many mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been tested in AD and are currently in development. However, larger streamlined clinical studies are needed to provide hard evidence of benefits in AD. This review discusses the causative factors, as well as potential therapeutics employed in the treatment of AD.
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Manochkumar J, Doss CGP, El-Seedi HR, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. The neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153676. [PMID: 34339943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis and treatment response of neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. Recent studies revealed a significant role of carotenoids to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro and the molecular mechanisms and pathological factors contributing to major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke). HYPOTHESIS Carotenoids as therapeutic molecules to target neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Aggregation of toxic proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, the excitotoxic pathway, and neuroinflammation were the major pathological factors contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies supported the beneficiary role of carotenoids, namely lycopene, β-carotene, crocin, crocetin, lutein, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin in alleviating disease progression. These carotenoids provide neuroprotection by inhibition of neuro-inflammation, microglial activation, excitotoxic pathway, modulation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative damage and activation of defensive antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, studies conducted on humans also demonstrated that dietary intake of carotenoids lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Carotenoids may be used as drugs to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although, the in vitro and in vivo results are encouraging, further well conducted clinical studies on humans are required to conclude about the full potential of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Manochkumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zambrano P, Suwalsky M, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Gallardo-Nelson MJ, Strzalka K, Muñoz-Torrero D. Protective Role of a Donepezil-Huprine Hybrid against the β-Amyloid (1-42) Effect on Human Erythrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179563. [PMID: 34502472 PMCID: PMC8431064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ(1-42) peptide is a neurotoxic agent strongly associated with the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current treatments are still of very low effectiveness, and deaths from AD are increasing worldwide. Huprine-derived molecules have a high affinity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), act as potent Aβ(1-42) peptide aggregation inhibitors, and improve the behavior of experimental animals. AVCRI104P4 is a multitarget donepezil-huprine hybrid that improves short-term memory in a mouse model of AD and exerts protective effects in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans that express Aβ(1-42) peptide. At present, there is no information about the effects of this compound on human erythrocytes. Thus, we considered it important to study its effects on the cell membrane and erythrocyte models, and to examine its protective effect against the toxic insult induced by Aβ(1-42) peptide in this cell and models. This research was developed using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on molecular models of the human erythrocyte membrane constituted by lipid bilayers built of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE). They correspond to phospholipids representative of those present in the external and internal monolayers, respectively, of most plasma and neuronal membranes. The effect of AVCRI104P4 on human erythrocyte morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed a protective effect of AVCRI104P4 against the toxicity induced by Aβ(1-42) peptide in human erythrocytes and molecular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zambrano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-8578-2374
| | - Mario Suwalsky
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Malgorzata Jemiola-Rzeminska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.J.-R.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Kazimierz Strzalka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.J.-R.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food, Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Exposure to footshock stress downregulates antioxidant genes and increases neuronal apoptosis in an Aβ(1-42) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105170. [PMID: 34419526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that develops from exposure to trauma, mostly when normal psychological mechanisms fail. Studies have shown that people who have PTSD are susceptible to developing dementia, mostly Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting common underlying risk factors in the comorbidity. However, data elucidating links between these conditions is scarce. Here we show that footshock stress exacerbates AD-like pathology. To induce a trauma-like condition, the rats were exposed to multiple intense footshocks followed by a single reminder. This was followed by bilateral intrahippocampal lesions with amyloid-beta (Aβ) (1-42), to model AD-like pathology. We found that footshocks increased anxiety behavior and impaired fear memory extinction in Aβ(1-42) lesioned rats. We also found a reduced expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and an increased expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the amygdala and hippocampus. Furthermore, oxidative stress level was sustained, which was associated with increased apoptosis in the amygdala and hippocampus. Our finding suggests that AD-like pathology can induce oxidative changes in the amygdala and hippocampus, which can be exaggerated by footshock stress.
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Patel R, Kaur K, Singh S. Protective effect of andrographolide against STZ induced Alzheimer's disease in experimental rats: possible neuromodulation and Aβ (1-42) analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1157-1168. [PMID: 34235591 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
STZ is a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound, causes dysfunctioning of insulin receptors in the brain and disrupts glucose metabolism, produces cognitive decline and AD-like symptoms. ICV injection of STZ causes accumulation of Aβ and cognitive dysfunctions. Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a major bioactive constituent of Andrographis paniculata, has various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase, and neuroprotective properties. The study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of ANDRO against ICV-STZ induced AD-like symptoms in rats. To conduct the study, the Wistar rat received two injections of STZ (3 mg/kg) through the ICV route. Rats were treated with three different doses of ANDRO (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, p.o.) and donepezil (5 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days. The behavioral impairments were analyzed on weekly basis. Subsequently, rats were sacrificed for the assessment of biochemical (MDA, Nitrite, GSH, SOD, Catalase and AChE), neuroinflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-16, and TNF-α), neurotransmitters (glutamate and GABA), level of Aβ1-42 and p tau in the hippocampus on day 21st. Our result indicated that ANDRO treatment provided a protective effect against STZ induced behavioral deficits and changes in the biochemical, neuroinflammatory mediators, and neurotransmitters of the hippocampus. Further, ANDRO also reduced the level of Aβ1-42 and p tau in the rat hippocampus. These findings suggested that the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase potential of ANDRO contributed to its neuroprotective effect as well as promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cognitive impairment and AD-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royal Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IKG-Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Karamjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IKG-Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, 144603, Punjab, India), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Shin J, Kang DM, Yoo J, Heo J, Jeong K, Chung JH, Han YS, Kim S. Superoxide-responsive fluorogenic molecular probes for optical bioimaging of neurodegenerative events in Alzheimer's disease. Analyst 2021; 146:4748-4755. [PMID: 34231563 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00692d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since oxidative stress has been recognized as a major factor contributing to the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide have received great attention as a representative molecular marker for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, superoxide-sensitive fluorogenic molecular probes, benzenesulfonylated resorufin derivatives (BSRs), were newly devised for optical bioimaging of oxidative events in neurodegenerative processes. BSRs, fluorescence-quenched benzenesulfonylated derivatives of resorufin, were designed to recover their fluorescence upon exposure to superoxide through a selective nucleophilic uncaging reaction of the benzenesulfonyl cage. Among BSRs, BSR6 presented the best sensitivity and selectivity to superoxide likely due to the optimal reactivity matching between the nucleophilicity of superoxide and its electrophilicity ascribed to the highly electron-withdrawing pentafluoro-substitution on the benzenesulfonyl cage. Fluorescence imaging of inflammatory cells and animal models presented the potential of BSR6 for optical sensing of superoxide in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, microglial cell (Bv2) imaging with BSR6 enabled the optical monitoring of intracellular oxidative events upon treatment with an oxidative stimulus (amyloid beta, Aβ) or the byproduct of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal, HNE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawon Shin
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Wu Y, Saks D, Wander Wall R, Fitzhenry MJ, Basavarajappa D, You Y, Salekdeh GH, Haynes PA, Graham SL, Mirzaei M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease - a proteomics perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:295-304. [PMID: 33874826 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1918550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Mitochondria have their own genetic material; however, most of their proteins (∼99%) are synthesized as precursors on cytosolic ribosomes, and then imported into the mitochondria. Therefore, exploring proteome changes in these organelles can yield valuable information and shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Here, we review AD-associated mitochondrial changes including the effects of amyloid beta and tau protein accumulation on the mitochondrial proteome. We also discuss the relationship of ApoE genetic polymorphism with mitochondrial changes, and present a meta-analysis of various differentially expressed proteins in the mitochondria in AD.Area covered: Proteomics studies and their contribution to our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD pathogenesis.Expert opinion: Proteomics has proven to be an efficient tool to uncover various aspects of this complex organelle, which will broaden our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Evidently, mitochondrial dysfunction is an early biochemical event that might play a central role in driving AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Cell Science Research Center, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran Iran
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - Yunqi Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW Australia
| | - Danit Saks
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Roshana Wander Wall
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J Fitzhenry
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
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Pan XJ, Misrani A, Tabassum S, Yang L. Mitophagy pathways and Alzheimer's disease: From pathogenesis to treatment. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:37-47. [PMID: 33872797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent, incurable mental illness that is associated with the accumulation of aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau fragments (p-tau). Detailed studies on postmortem AD brains, cell lines, and mouse models of AD have shown that numerous cellular alterations, including mitochondrial deficits, synaptic disruption and glial/astrocytic activation, are involved in the disease process. Mitophagy is a cellular process by which damaged/weakened mitochondria are selectively eliminated from the cell. In AD, impairments in mitophagy trigger the gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria. This review will focus on the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathological role of mitophagy and its implications for AD pathogenesis. We will also discuss the novel concept of the regulation of mitophagy as a therapeutic avenue for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ji Pan
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Afzal Misrani
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sidra Tabassum
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Differential ROS-Mediated Phosphorylation of Drp1 in Mitochondrial Fragmentation Induced by Distinct Cell Death Conditions in Cerebellar Granule Neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8832863. [PMID: 33936388 PMCID: PMC8060094 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been associated with neuronal death. ROS are also involved in mitochondrial fission, which is mediated by Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). The regulation of mitochondrial fragmentation mediated by Drp1 and its relationship to mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) in neuronal death have not been completely clarified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of mtROS in cell death and their involvement in the activation of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission in a model of cell death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). Neuronal death of CGN induced by potassium deprivation (K5) and staurosporine (ST) triggers mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial fragmentation. K5 condition evoked an increase of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616, but ST treatment led to a decrease of Drp1 phosphorylation. Moreover, the death of CGN induced by both K5 and ST was markedly reduced in the presence of MitoTEMPO; however, mitochondrial morphology was not recovered. Here, we show that the mitochondria are the initial source of ROS involved in the neuronal death of CGN and that mitochondrial fragmentation is a common event in cell death; however, this process is not mediated by Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616.
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49
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Jia F, Chibhabha F, Yang Y, Kuang Y, Zhang Q, Ullah S, Liang Z, Xie M, Li F. Detection and monitoring of the neuroprotective behavior of curcumin micelles based on an AIEgen probe. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:731-745. [PMID: 33315037 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02320e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted extensive attention. Studies have shown that curcumin (Cur) can protect nerve cells from beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced mitochondrial damage. However, natural Cur encounters limited application due to its poor biocompatibility and bioavailability. To improve the solubility and biocompatibility of natural Cur, we prepared water-soluble curcumin micelles (CurM). Furthermore, the mitochondria-specific aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe (TPE-Ph-In) was employed to observe the protective effect of CurM on the damage of mitochondrial morphology, distribution, and membrane potential caused by Aβ. Results showed that CurM had higher solubility, stronger stability and retention effect, and better cellular uptake than that of natural Cur. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of CurM on mitochondrial morphology, distribution, and membrane potential damage induced by Aβ25-35 were observed utilizing TPE-Ph-In as an indicator of mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential. Thus, this method provides a useful strategy for experimental research and clinical treatment of AD with mitochondrial damage as the pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Jia
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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50
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Vasconcelos-Filho FSL, da Rocha Oliveira LC, de Freitas TBC, de Pontes PADS, da Rocha-E-Silva RC, Chaves EMC, da Silva CGL, Soares PM, Ceccatto VM. Neuroprotective mechanisms of chronic physical exercise via reduction of β-amyloid protein in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Life Sci 2021; 275:119372. [PMID: 33745893 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common irreversible chronic neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ), which triggers homeostatic breakage in several physiological systems. However, the effect of chronic exercise on the formation of Aβ as an alternative therapy has been investigated. This systematic review examines the antiamyloid effect of different types and intensities of exercise, seeking to elucidate its neuroprotective mechanisms. MAIN METHODS The research was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, using the following descriptors: "amyloid beta" (OR senile plaque OR amyloid plaque) and "exercise" (OR physical activity OR training). The risk of bias was evaluated through SYRCLE's Risk of Bias for experimental studies. KEY FINDINGS 2268 articles were found, being 36 included in the study. A higher frequency of use of mice with genetic alterations was identified for the Alzheimer's disease (AD) model (n = 29). It was used as chronic training: treadmill running (n = 24), voluntary running wheel (n = 7), swimming (n = 4) and climbing (n = 2). The hippocampus and the cortex were the most investigated regions. However, physiological changes accompanied by the reduction of Aβ and associated with AD progression were verified. It is concluded that exercise reduces the production of Aβ in models of animals with AD. SIGNIFICANCE Nevertheless, this effect contributes to the improvement of several physiological aspects related to Aβ and that contribute to neurological impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sérgio Lopes Vasconcelos-Filho
- Pró-reitoria de Cultura, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica e Expressão Gênica, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Christyan da Rocha Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edna Maria Camelo Chaves
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Matias Soares
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Expressão Gênica, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vânia Marilande Ceccatto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Expressão Gênica, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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